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Basic Laboratory Safety
Clinical Laboratory Science
Student Orientation
2
What’s All The Fuss About?
3
Laboratory Safety Potential hazards in lab
Chemicals and reagents Patient samples Instruments, electricity
Many lab accidents preventable Use common sense Follow standard operating procedure
4
Safety Standards: OSHA 1970, formal regulation of safety
and health of all employees required
Law administered through U.S. Department of Labor by OSHA
$7,000 – $70,000fine for each infraction!
5
Safety Standards: OSHA Written safety manuals required
Specific policies and procedures Safe work environment Documentation of annual review is
mandatory
OSHA mandated programs Blood Borne Pathogen Safety Chemical Hazards Safety
6
What’s wrong with this picture?
7Slide #1
8Slide #2
9
PPE: What is it? Personal Protective
Equipment Lab coat Gloves Goggles Face mask Foot protection
10
PPE: How and When
Lab coats worn in lab only Lab coat must cover full
length of arms (do not roll upsleeves)
Lab coat must be buttoned
11
PPE: How and When
No bare legs, arms or feet No sandals, no open-toe
shoes; no shoes with holes Must follow dress code of lab
12
PPE: How and When
Gloves (band-aid for booboos)
Eye goggles for specific procedures
Face masks, fitted respirators for suspected TB (N95)
13
PPE: How and When
Wear appropriate PPE when handling equipment that may be contaminated: Instruments: gloves, lab coat
Phone: gloves? no gloves?
Clean area: gloves? no gloves?
14
PPE: How and When
Wear appropriate PPE when transporting specimens from point A to point B: Lab coat, gloves Specimen must be in a ‘secondary
container’ to protect personnel in case of accidental breakage and/or spillage• Test tube rack• Plastic bag
15
What’s wrong with this picture?
16Slide #3
17
Man, this
bubble gum is
not bubbling
very well!
Slide #4
18
No Eating in the Lab Put nothing in your mouth
Gum, mints, pipettes, pencils
No food or drink in lab Refrigerator Microwave Countertops Drawers File cabinets
19
Never Mouth Pipette Always use a safety
bulb!
20
Protect Mucus Membranes
Don’t touch mucus membranes
Discourage use of contact lens
21
Protect Mucus Membranes Open tubes of blood
Away from your face Behind a shield Using a tissue to entrap aerosols
Using a centrifuge Specimens should always be covered Only open centrifuge after it has completely
stopped spinning
22
What’s wrong with this picture?
23
Slide #5
24
Slide #6
25
Biohazardous Waste Blood Drip, flake, potentially
contaminate Reaction tubes Soiled gloves
NO paper towels used to dry your hands
NO needles
26
Non-biohazardous Waste Regular trash Empty kleenex boxes Paper towels used to
dry your hands
NO needles NO blood NO reaction tubes that
contained patient sample
27
Biohazardous Sharps Needles and sharps ONLY
Container must be Puncture resistant Have biohazard signage Must be near point of use
Discard when ¾ full to avoid accidental injury
28
Sharps ‘Safer’ needles Never broken or reused Always discard in
puncture resistant container
29
Glassware
Do not use if cracked, chipped, broken
Proper disposal
30
Hand Washing First line of
defense
Interrupts transmission and spread of infectious pathogens
31
Hand Washing Do it right!
Soap, water 15 seconds friction Scrub between fingers Use paper towel
to shut faucet off Use clean paper towel
to dry hands
32
Hand Hygiene Policy Mandated compliance for personnel
involved in direct inpatient care Routine: 15 seconds Alcohol based hand sanitizers unless
hands are visibly soiled NO artificial fingernails or extenders Natural nails maintained at ¼ inch Nails must be clean Nail polish not chipped or peeling
33
Eye Safety
Location Proper use: 15 minutes Contact lens discouraged Eye goggles
34
Overhead Shower
Location Proper use
35
Decontamination
Keep work surfaces clean Beginning and end of shift When infectious material
spilled Bleach: 1 part bleach
plus 9 parts water Phenolic disinfectant
36
Fire Safety: RACE
Rescue Activate alarm, alert Contain, close doors
and windows Extinguish,
evacuate, escape
37
Fire Safety: PASS
Pull the pin Aim at base of fire Squeeze Sweeping motion
38
Severe Weather Safety Watch (prepare) vs Warning (take shelter)
Always follow facility protocol Evacuate to predetermined
location Stair wells,
away from glass Avoid elevators
39
Document All Accidents
40
Use Standard Precautions All patient samples are
treated as potentially infectious(biohazardous)
Working in the lab Handling body fluids,
tissues Drawing blood
41
Body Fluid Exposure
Always follow facility protocol
Clean wound or splash siteimmediately
Notify appropriate personnel and seek medical care
42
Body Fluid Exposure
Notify appropriate personnel
UNMC: *9-888-OUCH(6824)
Affiliate site: follow site protocolAnd then notify UNMC OUCH hotline1-402-888-6824
43
Latex Allergy Health care professionals are at
increased risk of developing sensitization to latex products
Increased exposure to latex via powdered gloves (PPE)
44
Latex Allergy Reactions vary in severity:
Contact (irritant) dermatitis Delayed hypersensitivity reaction Systemic reaction
Varies person to person High risk individuals Exposure routes:
skin, mucus membranes, inhalation
45
Latex Allergy Contact (irritant) dermatitis
Dryness, redness, cracking
Aggravated by:• Glove powder• Frequent hand washing
This is NOT a reaction to latex• Common, non-allergic reaction
46
Latex Allergy Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
(type IV)
Generally localized reaction occurring 6-48 hrs post exposure (in persons who have been previously sensitized or genetically predisposed)
47
Latex Allergy Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Itching, swelling, redness, cracking, eczema
Aggravated by:• Glove powder• Additives to latex products
Can unpredictably develop into systemic reaction
48
Latex Allergy Systemic (type I) reaction
Immediate systemic reaction (person previously sensitized)
Intense allergic reaction
May be life-threatening
49
Latex Allergy Systemic (type I) reaction
Hives, itching eyes, swelling of lips or tongue, wheezing, scratchy throat, shortness of breath, runny nose, conjunctivitis, red cheeks, dizziness, nausea, shock, anaphylaxis, death
Aggravated by:• Duration of exposure (type and amount)• Pre-existing conditions• Portal of allergen entry
50
Latex Allergy Latex-free environment
Prevent exposure
Latex gloves: NO powder
Education and awareness Early detection Identify persons at increased risk