Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI (Research4Life) and the Internet

(module 1.1)

Instructions - This part of the:

course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts.

module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use.

MODULE 1.1 Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA

and OARE and the Internet

Table of Contents

Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI

Basic Internet Concepts Structure of the Internet Common Internet Protocols Technical Requirements for HINARI

http://www.research4life.org/

Objectives of Research4Life (R4L)

• To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community

• To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced articles and journals

• Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to Millennium Development Goals of 2015

Eligibility (01 2014)

1. Countries, areas, or territories with a total GNI above US$ 1 trillion are not eligible for HINARI regardless of other factors

2. Core Offer Group A - Free Access All countries, areas, or territories fulfilling any of the below criteria:

a. UN Least Developed Country List and/orb. Human Development Index (HDI) is at or less than

0.50 and/orc. Total Gross National Income (GNI) is at or less than

US$ 150 billion where:HDI is at or less than 0.63 and/orGross National Income per capita (GNIpc) is at or less than US$ 1600

3. Core Offer Group B - Fee access with $1000 annual fee per institution:

  Total GNI is at or less than US$ 1 billion and/or Total GNI is at or less than US$ 20 billion where

GNIpc is at or less than US$10,000 and/or Total GNI is at or less than US$ 180 billion

where: HDI is at or less than 0.67 and/or GNIpc is at or less than US$ 5000

• More than 100 countries, territories and areas• HINARI: health research (12700 journals, 24900

books and 70 information resources, 5400 registered institutions) www.who.int/hinari/en/

• AGORA: agriculture research (3500 journals, 3400 books, 20 information resources, 2300 registered institutions) www.aginternetwork.org/en/

• OARE: environment research (5300 journals, 11100 books, 40 other information resources, 2500 registered institutions) www.unep.org/oare/en/

• ARDI: development and innovation research (2000 journals, 5000 books, 80 registered institutions) www.wipo.int/ardi/en/

updated 2013 08

Who is eligible for R4L Programmes

HINARI Registrations per Country

Primary Target Audiences

Eligible categories of institutions are: • national universities• research institutes• professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public

health, dentistry) • teaching hospitals • government: ministries and agencies • national medical libraries• locally based non-governmental agencies

All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students are entitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and Password.

Partners Principal Publishers

Elsevier Science Springer Wiley-Blackwell Sage Taylor & Francis Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins BioOne Oxford University Press Nature Publishing Other science/technical/

medical publishers

Program Partners World Health Organization - WHO Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO United Nations Environment

Programme – UNEP World Intellectual Property

Organization - WIPO Yale University Library Mann Library/Cornell University International Association of

Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers – STM

Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa

National Library of Medicine Microsoft Librarians Without Borders®/MLA

http : / / extranet.w ho. in t/ h inar i/ en / partners .php

What is the Internet?

• Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards

• Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite)

• Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control)

• Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15th century!

Internet World Statistics 30 June 2010 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

Internet Growth

• Exponential growth for the last few years• In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in

2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet

• Hardware costs are decreasing year on year• While the recent increase of usage in

developing countries has been significant, the overall % of users is significantly less than industrialized countries.

Internet Architecture

Give me file x

Here it isDesktop computer - “client”

Computer on the Internet holdinginformation - remote “server”

• Web is based on a client/server architecture using • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol• Set of rules for communication between Web clients and

servers

• Code is located inside <……>

• <a href=“http://www.who.int/hinari”>HINARI</a> tells the web browser to open the HINARI website

Server/Client Interface

SERVERS

CLIENTS

Hardware + Software

Hardware + Software

SoftwareProtocols

Internet Services

• The World Wide Web or a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet (multiple delivery options)

• Search tools via WWW (search engines, databases, gateways and portals)

• Communication (E-mail)• Retrieval/information transfer (File

Transfer Protocol - FTP)

The World-Wide Web

• WWW, web, W3, World-Wide Web• Often what people mean by the Internet• Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and

documents dynamically and interactively• Uses hypertext markup language - HTML• The WWW is a global standard• Can use text, graphics, sound and video• Anyone can link to and make use of the web

Delivery: Dial Up Connection

Client Computer

With Modem

ISP Server

Internet

Phone Line

International Gateway LinkDIAL-UP CONNECTION

•Speed of line

•Quality of line

• Speed of connection– modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per

second– dial into Internet Service Provider (ISP)– quality of telephone line

Delivery: Broadband Connection

• Speed of connection– LAN Server speed– Bandwidth (minimally 256kbts/s to

1.0 Mbit/s)– Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite)

LAphone line

Internet

Leased Line

Permanent Connection

FULL – TIME CONNECTION

•Speed of line

•Quality of line Local Area

Network

LAN Server

Access Speed Issues (Bandwidth)

• Cables vary in speed and amount of information they can carry (bandwidth)

• Sometimes cables are slow in carrying information or lose the signal, especially if

• information must cross long distances• too much traffic on cable• capacity (bandwidth) is low long distances

too much traffic on the cable

cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low

Internet Requirements for HINARI

• 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required.

• A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or better) enables the fastest downloads.

• Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate.

• Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4.0 or Mozilla Firefox 1.0

Web Browser

• Browser is the software that is used to view the Web

• Standard browser features– scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh

• Navigation - in built features– back, forward, home, go to, yes, no

• Search on a single web page• Multiple Web browser windows• Besides Internet Explorer, there are other

options

http://www.Mozilla.com/Firefox

Browser Customization

• Toolbar options• Link to a specific homepage• Using the right click mouse button• Using favorites or bookmarks

– Adding– Organizing– Editing

Adobe Reader for PDFs

• You will need an Adobe Reader to view journal articles in PDF (Portable Document Format).

• Adobe Reader can be downloaded for FREE from the Adobe web site:

http://getadobe.com/reader/

http://get.adobe.com/reader/

Java

• You will need Java to view some articles especially in HINARI

• Java can be downloaded for FREE from the following website: http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp

http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

This page is being viewed with an Internet Browser. Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark-up Language OR HTML.

In this example we have entered the URL - http://www.who.int/hinari/ - for the HINARI website and clicked on the ENTER or RETURN key.

Hypertext links

Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.

Forward and back navigation buttons

The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move Back and Forward to pages within the website.

Home page button

The House icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page.

This is the end of Module 1.1

There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples.

Updated 2013 09