Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI (Research4Life) and the Internet

(module 1.1)

Instructions - This part of the:

course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts.

module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use.

MODULE 1.1 Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA

and OARE and the Internet

Table of Contents

Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI

Basic Internet Concepts Structure of the Internet Common Internet Protocols Technical Requirements for HINARI

http://www.research4life.org/

Objectives of Research4Life (R4L)

• To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community

• To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced articles and journals

• Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to Millennium Development Goals of 2015

HINARI (Health Access to Research programme)

• Online portal to publishers• Coordinated by WHO/Yale University, USA• Free/Low cost to >100 countries/territories• Over 11,400 e-journals, 18,500 e-books and

70 information resources, 380 publishers • Medicine and health• 5300+ institutions registered• Data: 2013 03

AGORA(Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture)

• Online portal to publishers

• Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University, USA

• Free/Low cost to >100 countries/territories

• 3400 journals, 2000 books, 20 information resources / 95 publishers

• Agriculture, food fisheries and related sciences

• 2000 institutions registered

• Data: 2013 03

• www.aginternetwork.org/en/

OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment)

• Online portal to access environmental information

• Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University• Free/Low cost to >100 countries/territories• Over 4800 journals, 8300 books, / 110

publishers• Environment and related sciences• 1800 institutions registered• Data: 2013 03 http://www.unep.org/oare/en/

ARDI (Access to Research for Development and Innovation)

• Launched in July 2009, aRDi is a program developed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and its publishing partners in the fields of science and technology

• For developing countries – to support global knowledge economy and creation/development of new solutions to technical challenges on local and global level

• Became R4L partner program - July 2011• Eligible institutions are patent offices and academic and

research institutions • 14 publishers; access to 2000 journals, 5000 books, 14

publishers• http://www.wipo.int/ardi/en/

Eligibility (01 2012)

• Institutions in countries with GNI (gross national income) per capita below $1600 or HDI (human development index) less than 0.63 are eligible for free access (Group A)

• Institutions in countries with GNI per capita between $1601-$5000 or HDI less than 0.67 pay a fee of $1000 per year (Band 2/Group B) • Some publishers opt out of this option and do

not allow access to their journals• For details, see

www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/

HINARI Registrations per Country

Who is eligible for R4L Programmes

Primary Target Audiences

Eligible categories of institutions are: • national universities• research institutes• professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public

health, dentistry) • teaching hospitals • government: ministries and agencies • national medical libraries• locally based non-governmental agencies

All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students are entitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and Password.

Partners Principal Publishers

Elsevier Science Springer Wiley-Blackwell Sage Taylor & Francis Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins BioOne Oxford University Press Nature Publishing Other science/technical/

medical publishers

Program Partners World Health Organization - WHO Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO United Nations Environment

Programme – UNEP World Intellectual Property

Organization - WIPO Yale University Library Mann Library/Cornell University International Association of

Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers – STM

Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa

National Library of Medicine Microsoft Librarians Without Borders®/MLA

http : / / extranet.w ho. in t/ h inar i/ en / partners .php

What is the Internet?

• Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards

• Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite)

• Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control)

• Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15th century!

Internet World Statistics 30 June 2010 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

Internet Growth

• Exponential growth for the last few years• In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in

2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet

• Hardware costs are decreasing year on year• While the recent increase of usage in

developing countries has been significant, the overall % of users is significantly less than industrialized countries.

Internet Architecture

Give me file x

Here it isDesktop computer - “client”

Computer on the Internet holdinginformation - remote “server”

• Web is based on a client/server architecture using • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol• Set of rules for communication between Web clients and

servers

• Code is located inside <……>

• <a href=“http://www.who.int/hinari”>HINARI</a> tells the web browser to open the HINARI website

Server/Client Interface

SERVERS

CLIENTS

Hardware + Software

Hardware + Software

SoftwareProtocols

Internet Services

• The World Wide Web or a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet (multiple delivery options)

• Search tools via WWW (search engines, databases, gateways and portals)

• Communication (E-mail)• Retrieval/information transfer (File

Transfer Protocol - FTP)

The World-Wide Web

• WWW, web, W3, World-Wide Web• Often what people mean by the Internet• Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and

documents dynamically and interactively• Uses hypertext markup language - HTML• The WWW is a global standard• Can use text, graphics, sound and video• Anyone can link to and make use of the web

Delivery: Dial Up Connection

Client Computer

With Modem

ISP Server

Internet

Phone Line

International Gateway LinkDIAL-UP CONNECTION

•Speed of line

•Quality of line

• Speed of connection– modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per

second– dial into Internet Service Provider (ISP)– quality of telephone line

Delivery: Broadband Connection

• Speed of connection– LAN Server speed– Bandwidth (minimally 256kbts/s to

1.0 Mbit/s)– Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite)

LAphone line

Internet

Leased Line

Permanent Connection

FULL – TIME CONNECTION

•Speed of line

•Quality of line Local Area

Network

LAN Server

Access Speed Issues (Bandwidth)

• Cables vary in speed and amount of information they can carry (bandwidth)

• Sometimes cables are slow in carrying information or lose the signal, especially if

• information must cross long distances• too much traffic on cable• capacity (bandwidth) is low long distances

too much traffic on the cable

cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low

Internet Requirements for HINARI

• 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required.

• A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or better) enables the fastest downloads.

• Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate.

• Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4.0 or Mozilla Firefox 1.0

Web Browser

• Browser is the software that is used to view the Web

• Standard browser features– scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh

• Navigation - in built features– back, forward, home, go to, yes, no

• Search on a single web page• Multiple Web browser windows• Besides Internet Explorer, there are other

options

http://www.Mozilla.com/Firefox

Browser Customization

• Toolbar options• Link to a specific homepage• Using the right click mouse button• Using favorites or bookmarks

– Adding– Organizing– Editing

Adobe Reader for PDFs

• You will need an Adobe Reader to view journal articles in PDF (Portable Document Format).

• Adobe Reader can be downloaded for FREE from the Adobe web site:

http://getadobe.com/reader/

http://get.adobe.com/reader/

Java

• You will need Java to view some articles especially in HINARI

• Java can be downloaded for FREE from the following website: http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp

http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

This page is being viewed with an Internet Browser. Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark-up Language OR HTML.

In this example we have entered the URL - http://www.who.int/hinari/ - for the HINARI website and clicked on the ENTER or RETURN key.

Hypertext links

Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.

Forward and back navigation buttons

The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move Back and Forward to pages within the website.

Home page button

The House icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page.

This is the end of Module 1.1

There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples.

Updated 2013 03