Basic Element

8/4/2019 Basic Element

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PRESENTED BY :


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Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to :

Differentiate between constants and variables.

Differentiate between the data types : Integer, Double,

String, Boolean and date.

Differentiate between mathematical and logical

operators.

Differentiate between sequence control structure andselection control structure.


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&


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CONSTANTS Constant is a virtual data container that stores

information.

The value will never change (remains constant) atany time during the course of a program.

VARIABLES

Variables is a virtual data container that storesinformation.

The value inside may change at any time duringthe course of a program

DEFINITION


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const pi = 3.142

const MARGIN = 10


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CONSTANT VARIABLES

Characteristics Value is not

changeable during

the course of the

program

Value can be change

anytime during the

course of the

program

Usage Use constants when

you want to declare

something thatwontbe changed midway

in your program

execution

Use variables to store

data that may or will

change during therunning of the

program

CONCLUSION


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ACTIVITY


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CONSTANTS VS VARIABLES

________________ ____________________________ Value is

________________

during the course of

the program

Value

________________

anytime during the

course of theprogram

____________ Use constants when

you want to declaresomething that

________________

midway in your

program execution

Use variables to store

data that________________

during the running

of the program


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DATA TYPES


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?

?

?


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LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

differentiate types of data that consists of :

Integer Double

String

Boolean

Date


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STANDARD DATA TYPES

DATEDOUBLE STRING BOOLEANINTEGER


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What is Data Types

Data types determines the type of data a variable

can store, for example a number or a character


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INTEGER

MAIN


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DOUBLE

Any number value that may contain a

fractional part or decimal point

Example :

1.2,

,

MAIN


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STRING

www.themegallery.com

MAIN


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BOOLEAN

Boolean provide two value either

TRUE or FALSE

Programmers usually use it to store status Example :

If (marks40)

score = PASS;else

score = FAIL

TRUE

FALSE

MAIN


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Declare a date value

Example : DD/MM/YY -> Date/Month/Year

26/01/09

DATE

NEXT


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TYPE OF DATA DEFINITION EXAMPLE

INTEGER Any number that containwhole number that does not

have fractional part

1, 2, 100, 1090

DOUBLE Any number value that maybecontain a fractional part or

decimal point

1.2, ,

STRING Non-numerical that contain asequence of characters Name, address

BOOLEAN value either TRUE or FALSE If (marks40)

score = PASS;

else

score = FAIL

DATE Declare a date value DD/MM/YY


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CONCLUSION

STANDARD DATA TYPES

DATEDOUBLE STRING BOOLEANINTEGER


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ACTIVITY


1. There are several labels here.

2. I need volunteers to take the labels and paste them on the mahjongpaper


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MATHEMATICAL AND LOGICAL

OPERATORS

Operator is a symbol or

notation that tells a

computer to perform

certain actions oroperations.

Lets look at some

examples of

Mathematical Operators


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OPERATORS


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OPERATORS

Let's look at some examples of Relational Operators


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OPERATORS

Let's look at some examples of Logical Operators.


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DIFFERENCES

Logical operatorsperform logical

operations such as

checking the condition

of two Boolean values.

Relational operatorsperform element-by-element comparisons

between two

arrays.

Mathematical operatorsperform mathematical

operations such as plus

or substract.


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DIFFERENCES OF OPERATORS SYMBOL

These operators have their own symbols based on theprogramming language.


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Activity 3Instruction: Choose and click the correct answer.1. Operator is a program or software that tells the computer to perform certain actions

or operations.

2. An example of a logical operator is the plus (+) operation which will tell the

computer to perform the add operation.

3. Mathematical operators tell the computer to perform mathematical operations that aresimilar to operators in mathematics.

4. Some examples of logical operation are: AND, OR and NOT.

5. Mathematical operators perform logical operations such as checking the condition oftwo Boolean values.

FALSETRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE


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HOME


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HOMENEXT


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CONTROL STRUCTURE

Structure of statements in programmingthat allows the programmer to control theflow of a program.


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Differences between selection

control and sequence control

Execution Flow

Usage

Flow Chart


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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SELECTION CONTROLAND SEQUENCE CONTROL


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ACTIVITY


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1. _______________ refers to the linear execution of

codes within a program. Its statements areexecuted one by one in consecutive order.

2._____________enables the programmer to assigndifferent events for different situations. Programmers

can use it to implement decision making processwithin its program.

Sequence Control Selection Control

Sequence Control Selection Control


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3. Control structure is a method or technique that

allows the programmer to control the flow of aprogram.

4. If else statement is an example of sequencecontrol structures.

FalseTrue

FalseTrue


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EXCELENT!!!GOOD JOB.

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4


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SORRYTRY AGAIN

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4


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h


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QUIZ - MatchConstants

Variables

Integer

Double

String

Boolean

Date

Mathematical operators

Relational operators

Logical operators

Sequence Control

Structure

Selection Control Structure

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

A

B

C

D

EF

G

H

I

J

K

L

1, 2, 100, 1090

Not changeable

TRUE or FALSE

AND, OR, NOT

< = >

1.2, ,

One by one in linear

Can be changed

+, -, x

Name, address

Different position

DD MM YY


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EXCELENT!!!

GOOD JOB.


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`

End of Lesson

TEACHERis just giving the

information, butWHOwillachieve the excellent of life ???

... INCREASE YOUREFFORT

Dr. Fadhilah Kamsah


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THANK YOU!!!!

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Basic Element