Basic Electronics

Basic Electronics – Vacuum Tube and Basic Electronics – Vacuum Tube and Semicon Semicon TheoryTheory

Basic Electronics – Vacuum Tube and Basic Electronics – Vacuum Tube and Semicon Semicon TheoryTheory

Jose A. Ocampo II , ECE, CCNA

Network Engineer – AT&T VPN

Email:[email protected]

Contact no:0927-856-6105

Macro Integrated Training and Review CenterMacro Integrated Training and Review Center 04/18/23 1

mailto:[email protected]

Jose A. Ocampo II , ECE , CCNAJose A. Ocampo II , ECE , CCNA Macro Integrated Training and Review Center Macro Integrated Training and Review CenterNetwork Engineer , AT&T VPN / RASNetwork Engineer , AT&T VPN / RAS Review Session Review Session

04/18/23 2

Electronics and Communications Engineering

Macro Integrated Training and Review Center

Presented by:

Jose A. Ocampo IIElectronics and Communications Engineer

Cisco Certified Network Associate

04/18/23 3

Basic Electronics – Basic Electronics – Vacuum Tube and Semicon TheoryVacuum Tube and Semicon TheoryBasic

Electronics1. Vacuum

Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Vacuum Tubes

“ Used to amplify, switch or modify signals by controlling electrons in a vacuum.”

Definition:

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Vacuum Tubes

1. Vacuum Tube Diode :

- Fleming valve- rectifier- issue: varying flow of electrons to plate

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Vacuum Tubes2. Vacuum Tube Triode

- Audion- control grid- amplifier- Issue: high Grid to Plate capacitance

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Vacuum Tubes3. Vacuum Tube Tetrode

- screen grid- Issue: secondary emission on plate

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Vacuum Tubes4. Vacuum tube Pentode

- suppressor grid- Issue: noisy

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Vacuum Tubes

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Semicon Theory

“ Refers to study of materials that has characteristics that lies between an insulator and a conductor

Definition:

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Semicon Theory

Atomic Structure

AtomAtomic NumberShellsValence ElectronsIonization

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Semicon Theory

1. Conductor2. Semiconductor3. Insulator

Types of Materials:

- Energy bands- Si vs. Ge- Covalent Bonds- Semicon conduction

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Semicon TheoryThe Periodic Table

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Semicon TheoryDifferences:

1. No. of valence e-2. Band Gap3. Electrical Characteristics

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Semicon Theory

Types of Semiconductor

1. N – type2. P - type

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Semicon Theory

PN junction

1. Depletion Region2. Barrier potential3. Biasing

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Diodes and Apps.

“ A unidirectional device .”

Definition: DIODES

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


1873:Frederick Guthrie - thermionic diodes

1874:Karl Braun- crystal diodes

1880:Thomas Edison- thermionic emission

1919: William Henry Eccles- coined “diode”

Semiconductor Diodes: History

Diodes and Apps.

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


“ Compose of an N-type and P-type material “

Diode: Basics

Diodes and Apps.

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


“ It takes 0.3-0.7 volts for it to conduct current “.

Diode : Operation

Diodes and Apps.

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


“ Forward Bias vs. Reverse Bias

Diodes: Biasing

Diodes and Apps.

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


1. Zener Diode2. Point contact diode3. Schottky diode4. Varactor diode5. Tunnel Diode6. Back Diode7. Pin Diode8. Light Emitting Diode9. Laser Diode10. Emitter Diode

Types of Diodes:

Diodes and Apps.

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


“ designed to operate on its reverse breakdown region .”

- Zener breakdown voltage

1. Zener diode:

Diodes and Apps.

“Commonly used for Voltage regulators.”

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


- also called as crystal diode .

2. Point contact diode

Diodes and Apps.

“Used for Microwave devices during WWII.”

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


-Metal to semiconductor contact- Used in High speed switching( up to 300 Mhz rectification)

3. Schottky diode

Diodes and Apps.

- Varicap- capacitance is controlled by voltage applied .

4. Varactor Diode

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


- Negative Resistance characteristics- also used for very fast switching

5. Tunnel Diode

Diodes and Apps.

“Used for oscillators and amplifiers

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


- Better conduction on the reverse direction- also a tunnel diode.

6. Back diode:

Diodes and Apps.

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


- Positive- intrinsic-Negative Diode

7. PIN Diode :

Diodes and Apps.8. LED:

- Emits light when forward biased

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


- laser diodes are used for fiber optic applications

9. Laser Diode:

Diodes and Apps.

- photo-detection

10. Photo Diode:

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


a. Half Wave Rectifier

b. Full Wave Rectifier

APPLICATIONS :

Diodes and Apps.

1. DIODE RECTIFIERS

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Diodes and Apps.

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Diodes and Apps.2. Clippers

“ to clip off a portion of the signal without distorting the original signal .

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Diodes and Apps.3. Clampers

“ DC restorer “

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Tubes2. Semicondu

ctor Theory


Diodes and Apps.4. Voltage Multiplier

“ produces a greater DC output voltage“

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