Electrical concepts for BusDuct

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I] Basic Electrical concepts about BustDuct System

Sr.No. Particulars1 Current:

Formula: I = V/R

2 Voltage:

Formula: V = IRFor Single phase the voltage is 230 V.For Three phase the voltage is 415V.

3 Power Factor:

4 Frequency (f);

5 Phase to Phase (for three phase):

Where,R = Red , Y = Yellow & B = Blue

6 Phase to Line (for single phase):

Where,R = Red , Y = Yellow, B = Blue & N = Neutral

7 Power (P) [Correlation of all the above]:

Electrical current is a measure of the amount of electrical charge transferred per unit time. It represents the flow of electrons through a conductive material.

Current is a scalar quantity (though in circuit analysis, the direction of current is relevant). The SI unit of electrical current is the ampere, defined as 1 coulomb/second.

Voltage is a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge. If a unit of electrical charge were placed in a location, the voltage indicates the potential energy of it at that point. In other words, it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field, or an electric circuit, at a given point.

Voltage is a scalar quantity. The SI unit of voltage is the volt, such that 1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb.

In alternating-current power transmission and distribution, the cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and current.deally value of power factor is 0.85.In an ac circuit, the power P consumed can be expressed in terms of applied voltage, V, current I, resistance R and the phase angle A between current and voltage. V, I are instantaneous values.

P = V.I. cos A = I*2.R .

It is defined either as f = 50 Hz/60 Hz.It depends of frequency of operation of the respective machines/system.

It is the voltage applied between the phases of mains i.e. RY – YB – BR.The phase to phase voltage is 440 V.

It is the voltage applied between one of the phases and Neutral i.e. RN – YN – BN.The phase to line voltage is 230 V.

It is defined as the product of voltage & current & the phase shift between them.The instantaneous electrical power P delivered to a component is given by

P(t) = I(t) .V(t)

Electrical concepts for BusDuct

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Formula :For Single phase: P = V I Cos O For Three phase: P = / 3 V I Cos O

II] Electrical Equipments used for BustDuct System

Sr.No. Particulars1 Transformer :

Output voltage of a transformer ranges from 11 KV to 440 KV.

2 Diesel Generator(DG) Set :

3 LT Panel :

4 U.P.S (Uninterrupted Power Supply) :An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains, fails.

III] Testing Equipment for BusDuct System

Sr.No. Particulars1 Multimeter :

It is used generally used to measure the voltage of any electrical equipment.The input/output voltage is measured in volts.

2 Meggar:It is one of the testing equipment used to measure the insulation resistance of the conductors and to measure the short circuit current between insulted conductors

3 Tongue meter :It is used to measure the current (A) of any electrical equipment to be tested.

4 HV Tester :HV Tester is used to test the voltage withstand capacity of an insulating material of a conductor.It is measured in Volts.

5 Temperature rise test/Heatrun Test :This test is carried out to know heating capacity & it's dissipation of conductors per cross section area of an electrical equipment.

6 Conductivity meter:It is used tomeasure the purity & conductivity of a conductor e.g.Copper and Aluminium.Conductivity of Copper varies from 98 % to 105 %.Conductivity of Aluminium varies from > 56% to 65 %.

7 Types of Switchgears(Tripping devices):a] b] Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) - It is used as a tripping device for 400 amps to 1600 amps.c]

A transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils.

A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator (often called an alternator) to generate electric energy. Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to the power grid or as emergency power-supply if the grid fails. Small portable diesel generators range from about 1 kVA to 10 kVA

It is known as the power panel and distribution panel.It gives the information about the various specifications like voltage,current,power etc. and the various control switches mounted in the LT Panel.

Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) – It is used as a tripping device for 800 amps and above range respectively.

Electrical concepts for BusDuct

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An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains, fails.

It is used generally used to measure the voltage of any electrical equipment.The input/output voltage is measured in volts.

It is one of the testing equipment used to measure the insulation resistance of the conductors and to measure the short circuit current between insulted conductors

HV Tester is used to test the voltage withstand capacity of an insulating material of a conductor.It is measured in Volts.

This test is carried out to know heating capacity & it's dissipation of conductors per cross section area of an electrical equipment.

It is used tomeasure the purity & conductivity of a conductor e.g.Copper and Aluminium.

Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) - It is used as a tripping device for 400 amps to 1600 amps. – It is used as a tripping device for 800 amps and above range respectively.

Electrical concepts for BusDuct

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An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains, fails.