Basic Drafting Facts and Tools Review Questions and Answers

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

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Lesson Plan Course Title: Engineering Design and Presentation

Session Title: Basic Drafting Facts and Tools

Performance Objective: Upon completion of this lesson/assignment, the student will be able to complete the “ABC” Brainstorming for Drafting Facts and Tools worksheet; and, explain, in their own words, exactly what they have learned from this lesson by writing 2-3 paragraphs. Specific Objectives: Students will be able to:

Explain the difference between sketching and drafting Identify the 6 views drawn Explain why we only draw 3 views and identify what those views are Explain the difference between oblique and isometric pictorial drawings Identify the different angles of an oblique and isometric pictorial drawing Identify and draw the basic line types Identify the different drafting tools Explain the uses of the different drafting tools Explain by giving at least one example or reason why they need to know what the tools

are and how to use them properly Complete the ABC Brainstorming worksheet by filling in every square with something

they have learned in the lesson like the example given, including a fact and a visual reminder or representation.

Preparation

TEKS Correlations: This lesson, as published, correlates to the following TEKS. Any changes/alterations to the activities may result in the elimination of any or all of the TEKS listed. Engineering Design and Presentation:

130.365 (c)(1)(E) ...identify and use appropriate work habits;

130.365 (c)(3)(A)(B)

...use time-management techniques to develop and maintain work schedules and meet deadlines; ...complete work according to established criteria;

130.365 (c)(4)(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)(G) ...master relevant safety tests; ...follow safety guidelines as described in various manuals, instructions, and regulations; ...identify and classify hazardous materials and wastes according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations;


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...dispose of hazardous materials and wastes appropriately;

...perform maintenance on selected tools, equipment, and machines;

...handle and store tools and materials correctly;

...describe the results of negligent or improper maintenance.

130.365 (c)(7)(B) ...use tools, laboratory equipment, and precision measuring instruments to develop prototypes;

Interdisciplinary Correlations: English:

110.44 (b)(6)(B)(E) ...rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative language, connotation and denotation of words, analogies, idioms, and technical vocabulary; ...use reference material such as glossary, dictionary, thesaurus, and available technology to determine precise meanings and usage;

110.44 (b)(7)(E)(F) (G) ...analyze text structures such as compare/contrast, cause/effect, and chronological ordering for how they influence understanding; ...produce summaries of texts by identifying main ideas and their supporting details; ...draw inferences such as conclusions, generalizations, and predictions and support them with text evidence and experience; 110.44 (b)(10)(B) ..use elements of text to defend, clarify, and negotiate responses and interpretations;

Geometry:

111.34 (b)(4)(A) ...select an appropriate representation (concrete, pictorial, graphical, verbal, or symbolic) in order to solve problems;

111.34 (b)(5)(A)(B)(C)(D) ...use numeric and geometric patterns to develop algebraic expressions representing geometric properties; ...use numeric and geometric patterns to make generalizations about geometric properties, including properties of polygons, ratios in similar figures and solids, and angle relationships in polygons and circles; ...use properties of transformations and their compositions to make connections betweenmathematics and the real world, such as tessellations; ...identify and apply patterns from right triangles to solve meaningful problems, including special right triangles (45-45-90 and 30-60-90) and triangles whose sides are Pythagorean triples;


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111.34 (b)(6)(B)(C) ...use nets to represent and construct three-dimensional geometric figures; ...use orthographic and isometric views of three-dimensional geometric figures to represent and construct three-dimensional geometric figures and solve problems;

111.34 (b)(11)(A) ...use and extend similarity properties and transformations to explore and justify conjectures about geometric figures.

Social Studies:

113.33 (c)(WH23)(A) ...give examples of major mathematical and scientific discoveries and technological innovations that occurred at different periods in history and describe the changes produced by these discoveries and innovations;

113.33 (c)(WH26)(C) ...interpret and create databases, research outlines, bibliographies, and visuals including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps;

113.32 (c)(US23)(A) ...analyze how scientific discoveries and technological innovations, including those in transportation and communication, have changed the standard of living in the United States;

Teacher Preparation: Read through the PowerPoint provided and complete an ABC Brainstorming worksheet to use as an example to show the students. References: Texas approved publishers are: Goodheart-Willcox Delmar Learning Prentice Hall

All have companion workbooks with more problems. Recommend using one of these or any other approved textbook, i.e., if you teach ATC or TechPrep and must teach using local college textbook.

Also “Google” and you can find tons of information on these subjects! Instructional Aids:

1. Drafting Facts & Tools PowerPoint slides 2. ABC Brainstorming for Drafting Facts & Tools Worksheet 3. Drafting Test* 4. Text Key

*Test can be given the following day to see what they learned. Allow students to use the ABC worksheet.


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Materials Needed:

1. One (1) ABC Brainstorming worksheet for each student 2. One (1) class set of PowerPoint slides printed out for students to use 3. Writing utensils for students who don’t have any 4. Handout – Review Questions 5. Copy of test for each student

Equipment Needed:

1. Data projector for PowerPoint

Learner Preparation:

1. Ideally, the teacher would have completed a career unit with students over possible careers in this field.

2. History of drafting unit can be completed prior to or after. Recommend having students come up with timelines or PowerPoint presentations over what they learn, working in teams of 2 or more students.

3. This is an introduction to drafting for students. This would be one of the first lessons teachers would cover with students on the subject of drafting.

Introduction

Introduction (LSI Quadrant I): SAY: Today we’re going to learn about some basic drafting facts and drafting tools and their uses. ASK: What do you think the difference is between sketching and drafting? SAY & SHOW: The difference is sketching uses just a hand and a pencil. Drafting uses a tool, like a triangle to draw a straight line. ASK: How many sides do you think every object has? SAY & SHOW: Every object has 6 sides, even if they all look the same. SHOW: A ball and explain “yes”, it has 6 sides, they’re all the same. SHOW: A toy car and explain which side is what. SAY: We only draw 3 sides, the top, front, and right sides because the back is just the mirror image of the front (usually) SAY: We draw two simple pictorials, they are obliques and isometrics. ASK: Which oblique looks most realistic and why do they think it does? (Cavalier) ASK: At what angle do we draw isometrics? (30) SAY: There are 5 basic line types we draw 90% of the time. SAY: There is the Object/Visible which is a thick, solid, line used to show the object and make it stand out. The only darker line is the border. SAY: There is the Hidden which is not so thick, dashed, shows inside parts like cut outs, holes, etc. SAY: There is the Center line that is same thickness as hidden, but is long short long dashed. It shows the center of object or something like a hole, etc. SAY: There is the Dimensions which shows measurement or size that ends with either a slash or arrow.


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SAY: Finally there is the Projection, or Construction, which is very light and used to help you construct the drawing, and then you go back and darken it in. SAY and SHOW: Now let’s go over tools. Use the PowerPoint and explain as you go and show. SAY: Now let’s summarize why you need to know these tools and how to use them. SAY: An example of this is you simply don’t always have the luxury of drawing on the computer. Maybe you are at dinner with a customer and they have a design change. Maybe you are at a job site and have to correct water lines. There may be more examples you can think of. ASK: Why do you think you need to know this? SAY: Now based upon what you have learned today, complete the ABC Brainstorming worksheet. Each square must be filled and have a fact and a visual example. SAY: You will be allowed to use this worksheet on the test coming up.

Outline

Outline (LSI Quadrant II): Instructors can use the PowerPoint presentation, slides, handouts, and note pages in conjunction with the following outline.

MI Outline Notes to Instructor

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I. Explain the difference between sketching and drafting. A. Sketching – hand & pencil B. Drafting – hand & tool & pencil

Explain that sketching is just hand and pencil. Show them your hand and a pencil when explaining. Now use a triangle and draw a straight line with it, explaining now you are drafting.

II. Identify the 6 views drawn. A. Top B. Bottom C. Front D. Back E. Right Side F. Left Side

We draw 6 views. They are the Top, Bottom, Front, Back, Right, and Left Sides. Show students a block or examples that have 6 views as you are explaining this.

III. Explain why we only draw 3 views and identify what those are. A. Top B. Front C. Right Side

We only draw the Top, Front, and Right Side! For example, we only draw these 3 views because it’s redundant to draw the back, since it’s just a mirror image of the front, usually (and so on).


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IV. Explain the difference between Oblique and Isometric pictorial drawings.

Ask students which one is more realistic looking? (Isometric)

V. Identify the different angle of oblique and isometric pictorial drawings.

A. Obliques - 450

B. Isometrics - 300

Obliques are drawn at 450 angle. Isometrics are drawn at 300 angle.

VI. Identify the basic line types and be able to draw them. A. Object/Visible B. Hidden C. Center D. Dimension E. Projection/Construction

Object/Visible a solid, dark, thick line. Hidden a lighter, dashed line. Center long short long line, used for center of holes, etc. Dimension line that has arch slash or arrow and has a dimension or measurement so you know what size it is Projection (also Construction). They are light solid line that line up views, etc.

VII. Identify the different drafting tools. A. Drafting Arm B. T Square C. Parallel Bar D. Ellipse Template E. Circle Templates F. Mechanical Pencils G. Compass H. Triangles I. Drafting Scales J. Auto CAD

Refer to the Power Point - too many to list here. The teacher knows the uses of these or can look them up easily if unsure. Recommend teacher practices using one before explaining it to students.


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K. Many Others

VIII. Explain the uses of the different drafting tools.

See previous notes.

IX. Explain by giving at least one example or reason why students need to know what the tools are and how to use them properly. A. Working at job site and need to make

correction to a water line. B. Many more examples.

Many examples and reasons such as: Working at job site and need to make correction to a water line. Customer eating dinner and wants to make changes. Need to explain to your mechanic what broke in your car.

X. Complete the ABC Brainstorming Worksheet by filling in every square with something you have learned in the lesson like the example given.

A. It should have a fact and a visual reminder or representation.

B. It is the official evaluation tool for the lesson.

If this is a new concept for you or your students…. Look up CRISS. It is one of their strategies that works great in classroom with students and makes them responsible for their own notes and review. Recommend teacher makes an example to show to students, but make sure they do not copy yours.

Copy and paste Multiple Intelligences Graphic in appropriate place in left column.


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Verbal Linguistic

Logical Mathematical

Visual Spatial

Musical Rhythmic

Bodily Kinesthetic

Intra- personal

Inter- personal

Naturalist Existentialist

Application

Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III): The teacher must explain the PowerPoint during the lesson. Do NOT just read it or let kids read it. Explain and give personal examples as you go. When students start the ABC worksheet, make sure you monitor to ensure they don’t just copy yours or each others’. Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III): Work on the ABC worksheets independently.

Summary

Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV): Q: What is the difference between sketching and drafting? A: Sketching = hand and drafting = tools Q: How many of the 6 views do we draw and what are they? A: 3 the top, front, and right side Q: At what angle are obliques drawn? A: 45 Q: Why are cavalier obliques depth halved? A: So look more realistic Q: What angle are isometrics drawn at? A: 30 Q: Name the 5 basic line types and be able to identify them when shown an example. A: Visible, Hidden, Center, Dimension, and Projection/Construction Q: Show the different tools and have students identify them. A: Make sure to pick different students. (For example, maybe they can sit only when they’ve answered a question.) Q: How does ABC Brainstorming worksheet work? A: For every square or letter you must list something you learned and draw a visual reminder of that. Every square must be filled. You must answer in your own words the writing prompt on the back because you haven’t learned something until you can explain it in writing.

Evaluation

Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III): Make sure every student answers a question. Walk around the room and monitor the students as they work on the ABC worksheet so they don’t just copy answers. It needs to be what works


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for them and what they’ll remember. Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV): Complete the ABC worksheet and grade it making sure they filled in all the blanks, have visuals, and answered the writing prompt by explaining in 2-3 paragraphs what they think drafting is, the use of tools, and what they learned in today’s lecture.

Extension

Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV): Research and report about the history of drafting. Take the Drafting test.


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Basic Drafting Facts and Tools

Review Questions

1. What is the difference between sketching and drafting?

2. How many of the 6 views do we draw and what are they?

3. At what angle are obliques drawn?

4. Why are cavalier obliques depth halved?

5. At what angle are isometrics drawn?

6. Name the 5 basic line types and be able to identify them when shown an example.

7. Show the different tools and have students identify them.

8. How does ABC Brainstorming worksheet work?


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Basic Drafting Facts and Tools

Review Questions and Answers

1. What is the difference between sketching and drafting? Answer: Sketching = hand and drafting = tools

2. How many of the 6 views do we draw, and what are they?

Answer: 3 the top, front, and right side

3. At what angle are obliques drawn? Answer: 45

4. Why are cavalier obliques depth halved?

Answer: To look more realistic

5. At what angle are isometrics drawn? Answer: 30

6. Name the 5 basic line types and be able to identify them when shown an

example. Answer: Visible, Hidden, Center, Dimension, and Projection/Construction

7. Show the different tools and have students identify them.

Answer: Make sure to pick different students. Maybe they can only sit when they’ve answered a question.

8. How does ABC Brainstorming worksheet work?

Answer: For every square or letter you must list something you learned and draw a visual reminder of that. Every square must be filled. You must answer, in your own words, the writing prompt on the back because you haven’t learned something until you can explain it in writing.


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Name: __________________________________________ Date:________________ Class: __________________________________________ Score: _________/100pts

Drafting Test Matching

A. Compass B. Dividers C. Pencil D. Scale E. T-Square F. 20/40 Triangle G. 30/60 Triangle H. 30 Triangle I. 45 Triangle

_____1. #89

_____2. #93

_____3. #88

_____4. #92

_____5. #91

_____6. #90


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Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

_____7. Why do we draw the projection/construction lines lightly? A. Makes harder to erase B. We don’t C. Does not matter D. Easier to erase mistakes

_____8. When you sketch you use what two (2) tools?

A. Pen and Hand B. Pencil and Ruler C. Pencil and Hand D. None of these

_____9. This is the line that shows where the middle of something is, which line type is it?

A. Visible B. Projection C. Center D. Border

_____10. Why is neat text so important? A. None of these B. Doesn’t matter C. So that anyone can read and understand it D. To waste time

_____11. Every object has __________ sides that you could draw.

A. 6 B. 8 C. 4 D. 2

_____12. This is the darkest line you draw, which line type is it?

A. Border B. Center C. Visible D. Center


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_____13. Who were the first people to draw multiviews and obliques or isometrics?

A. Europeans B. None of these C. Egyptians D. Texans

_____14. Why do we draw 2 dimensionally?

A. None of these B. To explain to the customer what it is C. So the item can be built

_____15. Drafting is very much like ___________________________.

A. Connect the dots B. None of these C. Free hand drawing

_____16. Correctly label this type of 2D drawing.

A. DIOblique B. OBLique C. ISOmetric D. DIOmetric


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_____17. Correctly label this type of 2D drawing.

A. ISOmetric B. DIOmetric C. DIOblique D. OBLique

_____18. Which view, of the three that we draw, shows the most detail?

A. Right Side B. Front C. Top D. None of these

_____19. Drafting is when you draw using _____________ like a scale, triangle, etc. A. Hand B. None of these C. Tool D. Pencil

_____20. When drawing multiviews or three views, why do you use projection lines? A. All of these B. So that you don’t have to measure multiple times C. None of these D. To line up the views

_____21. At what angle are isometrics drawn? A. 30 B. 70 C. 45 D. 15


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_____22. At what angle are obliques side and top views drawn? A. 45 B. 90 C. 15 D. 30

_____23. Why is the visible line type only lighter than the border, but darker than all of the

rest? A. Clearly shows what the actual object is B. Border is your “picture frame” C. None of these

_____24. Why do we draw multiviews with dimensions?

A. None of these B. So the item can be built C. To explain to the customer what it is

_____25. This is the line shows parts you can’t see but need to know where it is, which line

type is it?

A. Hidden B. Visible C. Center D. Border

_____26. This line type is used to show the size of something.

A. Hidden B. Border C. Dimension D. Center

_____27. Why is the border line type the darkest?

A. Does not matter B. None of these C. It is your “picture frame”


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_____28. This is the lightest line you draw, which line type is it?

A. Border B. Visible C. Projection or Construction D. Hidden

_____29. This is the darker line you draw (only the Border is darker), which line type is it?

A. Center B. Hidden C. Visible D. Border

_____30. Which two dimensional (2D) drawing method is most realistic type? A. Multiview B. None of these C. Isometric D. Oblique

_____31. Which drawing BEST represents the TOP view of this building?

A. C B. A C. D

D. B

_____32. Which one of the following is NOT a view that we draw? A. Right Side B. Back C. Front D. Top


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_____33. Which one of the following drafting tools is best for drawing a true straight line?

A. Compass B. Dividers C. Any Triangle D. Scale/Ruler

____ 34. A cavalier oblique anything drawn on the angle is drawn at what scale? A. Half B. Full C. None of these D. Quarter

_____35. Which 3 dimensional or pictorial does this BEST represent? A. C B. B C. D D. A


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KEY

Drafting Test

MATCHING

1. ANS: D 2. ANS: I 3. ANS: A 4. ANS: B 5. ANS: E 6. ANS: G

MULTIPLE CHOICE

7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

ANS: D ANS: C ANS: C ANS: C ANS: A ANS: A ANS: C ANS: B ANS: A ANS: C ANS: D ANS: B ANS: C ANS: D ANS: A ANS: A ANS: A ANS: C ANS: A ANS: C ANS: C ANS: C ANS: C ANS: C ANS: D ANS: B ANS: C ANS: A ANS: B


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Name:___________________________ Class / #: ____________________________ Date: ___________________________ Teacher: _____________________________

ABC Brainstorming for Drafting Facts and Tools

Rules = The letter must be at beginning, middle, or end of the word you are using for your TOPIC. You may even draw an example of the word if that helps you.

Example: Apples oraNges grapeS

Isometric sides are all 300

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q R

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

TOPIC: What have you learned about drafting facts and tools and/or the uses of them?


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ABC Brainstorming for Drafting Facts and Tools Page 2 In your own words explain in 2-3 paragraphs what you think drafting is, use of tools, and so forth. Explain to me what you learned from today’s lecture.

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Basic Drafting Facts and Tools Review Questions and Answers