Basic Concepts of Translation

8/11/2019 Basic Concepts of Translation

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TRANSLATIONA presentation by group III


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PROCESS OF TRANSLATION AnalysisThis process involves examining of the

SL text in order to arrive at the message coded in it.

TransferenceThis process involves thetransmission of the message , received after

decoding the SL text, into the TL.

RestructuringIt involves creation of the TL textwith a meaning similar to that of the original text.


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B SIC TERMS ND

CONCEPTS OF

TR NSL TION


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Language Variety

The term language variation refers to the differences in

systems of a language that result from the historical,

geographical, social or cultural changes.

It is in the form of dialects, idiolects, style, register etc.


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RegisterIn linguistics, a registeris a variety of

a language used for a particular purpose or in a

particular social setting.


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EXAMPLE

The same person may say the same thing in different

ways while playing different roles:

Like in a formal meeting a person would say I should

be grateful if you would make less noise.

While to his employees he may say Please be quiet.

And just tell his friends to Shut up!


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Types of RegistersThere are five language registers or styles

Static-This style of communications RARELY or NEVERchanges

Eg-the Pledge of Allegiance

Formal-This language is used in formal settings and is one-wayin nature. A common format for this register are speeches.

Consultative-It is professional discourse. e.g. when strangers

meet, communications between a superior and a subordinate.

Casual-This is informal language used by peers and friends.

Intimate-This communications is private.


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ModeMode is defined as the variety related to the medium in which the

performer is operating.

While the spoken mode is coded in sounds,the

written mode is coded in symbolsand the two

different codings each bring with them significant

features.

Speech Writing

Pauses Punctuation (.,;:-)

Hesitation Punctuation (- ...)

Expression of emotions conventional forms - "aagh!" "grr!"including use of exclamationmark, italicsandbold


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IdiolectIn linguistics, an idiolectis a variety of language that

is unique to a person, as manifested by the patterns

of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that he or

she uses.


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EquivalenceIf a specific linguistic unit in one language

carries the same intended meaning /message

encoded in a specific linguistic medium in

another, then these two units are considered

to be equivalent.


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EXAMPLE

Shoulder in English may equal gardan (neck) in

Persian:

The blame rests on my shoulders. = Masuliat

bar gardan man ast.


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Dialect

It is a variety of language that is distinguished from

other varieties of the same language by features ofpronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, and by its use

by group of speakers who are set off from others

geographically or socially.


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Dialect is of three types-

Geographical dialect- A form of language spoken by

people in a certain geographical area.

Social dialect- A form of language spoken by people

associated with a particular class (like gender, age)

Temporal dialect- A form of language which

correlates with the various time periods. Example:

Contemporary English, Elizabeth English, MiddleEnglish.


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STYLE

It correlates with the number and nature of addressees

and the speakers relationship.

It may be formal or informal.


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Translation in Multimedia

Subtitling: One of the core multimedia translation services issubtitling. Almost every form of video requires subtitling in multiplelanguages.

Voice-over :A close cousin to dubbing, voice-over multimediatranslation services are commonly used in video productions to replaceaudio content not spoken by an actor in a particular scene. Documentariescommonly use voice-overs, as there is usually a voice in the background

describing a scene. Dubbing : Another core multimedia translation service is the precise

dubbing of spoken audio content in video productions. Lip Sync: Lip Synchronization (Sync), used synonymously with dubbing,

is a process where the insertion of audio attempts to match the lip movementsof the original actors. This process is critical in many feature length films as ithelps the audience better understand the content and create the illusion that thecontent was originally filmed in the dubbed language.


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Subtitling

Meaning: Sub-below followed by titleSubtitling is the textual version of the dialogue and commentary

in films, television programs, video games, and the like,usually displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Subtitling translationReal time : Usually used at the time of broadcast of the

republic day programOffline : Used in films and television broadcast

Types of subtitling> Same language subtitling> Different language subtitling


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Significance

Makes things accessible to deaf or to the ones who

are hard of hearing

Creates a sense of familiarity

Helps people who have accent recognition problems

Allows extremely accurate translation

Makes coined phrases , and culturally related jokesunderstandable

Allows native people to immerse themselves in the

media


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Differences

Subtitling Dubbing

Subtitling can be defined as the process of

providing synchronised caption s for film and

television dialogue .

Dubbing refers to any technique of covering

the original voice in an audio-visual

production by another voice

Subtitling is more "authentic", since it doesnot hide the original sound.

Dubbing can be seen as a way of"naturalising" an imported film and, at the

same time, somehow minimise its foreign

and its possible influence by completely

concealing the original dialogue.

It is also a much faster and a more

inexpensive process

It can be fifteen times more expensive than

subtitling due to its characteristics and alsotakes much longer to perform.

Subtitling uses a more formal language for

the audienceDubbing is more colloquial and hence,it

tends to be more "natural" and spontaneous

when compared to subtitles.


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POLITICS OF LANGUAGE

Politics of language is the way language

and linguistic differences between peoplesare dealt with in the political arena.


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Documents

Basic Concepts of Translation