Basic Computer Architecture and

Programming Languages

A typical computer

CPU(ALU + CU)Input Output

Memory

Keyboard

Mouse

Joystick

Stylus

Monitor

Printer

Projector

Primary, Secondary & fixed, portable

Hardware and Software

• Hardware– Whatever we see physically– Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner,

Stylus, Touch Screen, Joy Stick ( Reading in)– Output Devices – Monitor, LCD Projectors,

Printers ( sending out)– Printers: DOT MATRIX, Inkjet, LaserJet, Line

Printers (Lipi)– Memory: Primary and Secondary

Hardware Contd..

• Hardware– Primary Memory: RAM and ROM(WORM)

• Static and Dynamic RAM• PROM, EPROM, EEPROM/EAPOM

– Secondary Memory• Fixed and Movable• Magnetic tapes, hard disks, floppy disks, Compact

disks, Digital Versatile Disks, Flash Drives

Joysticks:

Scanners

Barcode reader

Monitors

Printers..

Tape Drives

Floppy Disks

Hard Disks

Hard Disks..

Flash Drives, CD and DVD

Software

• Software– Lines of code– System Software and Application Software– Open Source and Proprietary Software– Source License and Binary License– Languages

• Natural – Languages in which we speak• Artificial

– Artificial • Machine Level• Assembly Level• High Level

• Which Language to Learn?

Criticality of an Application

• Science – Solve a problem using computer

• Commercial – Payroll management

• OLTP – Ticketing Reservation Systems

• Process Control Applications – Boiler Pressure Control System

• Satellite Communication