Basic Chess Rules - Markushin.pdf

8/14/2019 Basic Chess Rules - Markushin.pdf

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Chess rules in 5 minutes

Written by Yury Markushin

Wednesday, 18 November 2009 00:17 - Last Updated Tuesday, 27 August 2013 21:04

The horizontal rows are called ranks. There are total of 8 ranks: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4rth, 5th, 6th, 7th

and 8th. The vertical columns are called files. There are 8 files on the chess board: A, B, C, D,

E, F, G and H. The straight line connecting two squares of the same color "corner to corner" iscalled diagonal.

At the beginning of the game one player has 16 white colored pieces; while the other one has

16 black pieces (see the diagram above). Here is a list of all chess pieces with their names and

symbols.

Moves of Chess Pieces

The player playing with white pieces starts the game. After the white moves, player playing

black has a right of move. It is not permitted to skip moves. If it is a player's turn he/she mustmake a move. It is not allowed to move a piece on a square, which is already occupied by the

piece of the same color. If the square is being occupied by a piece of opposite color (opponent's

piece), then placement of a piece in place of opponents piece is called "capture". The

opponents piece is being removed from the board and the opposite colored piece is being

placed on that square instead (as a part of the same move). The objective of the game is to

place the opponent's king under attack in such a way that there are no legal moves for

opponent. This is called checkmate. The player who checkmates opponent's king wins the

game. In a position when it is not possible to checkmate the king, the game is drawn.

Bishop

Bishop is a long range piece that can move anywhere along the diagonal on which it stands

(diagonally). Light squared bishop cannot ever get on the dark squared diagonal. Bishop is

worth 3 points (1 point ~ 1 pawn). Here is the example of light squared black bishop. In the

center it covers 14 squares. However, bishop's best placement is usually on the flank on open

diagonal: it cannot be easily attacked and it controls a lot of squares.

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Rook

A rook can move anywhere along the file on which it stands (horizontally). Rook generally

considered being stronger than bishop since it can control both light and dark squares. In the

center rook controls 16 squares. Rook is worth 5 points. The best position for rook is on the

open file

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Queen

Queen is the most powerful piece on the board. Queen can move to any square along rank, file

or diagonal on which it stands. You can think of a queen as a piece that combines powers ofboth: bishop and a rook.

The queen controls 29 (!!) squares of the chess board while placed in the center. Queen is

worth 9 points, or sometimes even 10 which approximately equals to 2 Rooks,

Rook+Bishop+Pawn or Bishop+Bishop+Knight.

Knight

Knight's moves are "L" shaped. Knight is a unique piece in a sense that it is the only piece inchess army that can "jump" over all other pieces. The diagram below shows that black knight

can get to h6, f6 or e7 by jumping over g7 or f7 pawn. The centralized knight is a lot stronger

than knight in the corner since it controls 8 squares in the center but only 3 while in the corner.

Knight is a short range piece, but is worth 3 points like a bishop.

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Pawn

The pawn is the weakest and the least valuable piece in a chess army. "Bad is a soldier that

doesn't dream to become a General" saying perfectly applied to a pawn. If a pawn gets to an

opposite end of the board it can be promoted to any chess piece, even the queen.

- Pawn can move to one square right in front of it if it's not being occupied by any other

piece.

- On its first move pawn can move as described above; OR it can move two squares ahead

if both of this squares are unoccupied by any other piece.

- The pawn may move to a square occupied by an opponent's piece, which is diagonally in

front of it capturing that piece.

- A pawn attacking a square crossed by an opponent's pawn which has advanced two

squares in one move from its original square may capture this opponent's pawn as though it

had been moved only one square. This capture is only legal on the move following this advance

and is called an en passant` capture.

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Take a look at the diagram below: if black pawn moves 2 squares to the black dot, white pawnmay diagonally capture this pawn only on the following move, but not 2 moves after. And ifwhite pawn captures the black pawn, it'll get to the x marked squarespecial moves.Simple Pawn Play

We looked at the "pawn" previously and know that even though it seems like a weakest piece

on the board it is definitely a very important one. First of all because it is the most common

piece on the board: there are total of 8 pawns for each side in the beginning (but only 2 bishops

or knights). Second, the pawn is the only piece that can become a queen or threaten apromotion (we'll talk about that below) Pawn is often is being compared with a solder in an

army. I like to think of pawns as landscape and a solder at the same time. Pawns are being

compared to landscape because they dictate the nature of the game. Pawns set the space for

piece maneuvers. For example, if position is closed the knight is favorable minor piece, if open -

bishop is better.

The general rule of thumb for pawns is: closer a pawn to a promotion square, stronger the pawn

is. There are some exceptions or extraordinary circumstances when this is not true (i.e. king

and pawn endgame draw), but generally it is the case.

Since pawns are considered to be least valuable on the board they can set up excellent forks:

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Black to moveIn this example white pawn is getting exchanged for a black knight, which is a good deal forwhite!

Black to movePromotion threat

In some cases pawn does not have to fork pieces to get exchanged. At the diagram above

white pawn threats a promotion to a queen on c8 with mate. Therefore black have to give upmaterial: take pawn with a bishop 1Bxc7 2.Bxc7.

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Simple Play with a Knight

Knight is the most unusual piece on the chess board. It is very distinct from all other pieces

because of its ability to "jump over" pieces. It makes the knight very strong piece. Knight is aslow piece. It is particularly good at the center of a board (opposite to fast bishops). Knights are

the best forking piece on the board. Here is the example of "Royal Fork" by the knight:

Black to move

White's knight captures black's queen for free and white wins the game easily.

On the diagram below knight placed in the perfect square in the center on e5. Notice that It can

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not be exchanged on the bishop or driven away by a pawn. From this central square the knight

exerts pressure on all critical squares on the board:

Black to move

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Documents

Basic Chess Rules - Markushin.pdf