Basic Botany Part III - Reproductive Morphology

8/4/2019 Basic Botany Part III - Reproductive Morphology

1/37

Basic BotanyBasic Botany

Elsa SElsa Snchez,nchez,

Associate Professor ofAssociate Professor of

Horticultural SystemsHorticultural Systems

ManagementManagement


2/37

Reproductive MorphologyReproductive Morphology

Flowers, InflorescencesFlowers, Inflorescences

& Fruit& Fruit


3/37

http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/sci_ed/grade10/anatomy/flowers.htm

PistilPistil

StamenStamen


4/37

Principal Flower PartsPrincipal Flower Parts

Individual PartIndividual Part More than 1 PartMore than 1 Part

SepalSepal CalyxCalyx

PetalPetal CorollaCorolla

PerianthPerianth

StamenStamen AndroeciumAndroecium

CarpelCarpel GynoeciumGynoecium


5/37
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/fa06/fa06093.jpg


6/37


7/37


8/37

Plant TypesPlant Types

MonoeciousMonoeciouspistillatepistillate & staminate flowers& staminate flowers

on the same planton the same plant

DioeciousDioeciouspistillatepistillate & staminate flowers on& staminate flowers ondifferent plantsdifferent plants

PistillatePistillateflower with functional pistil, but notflower with functional pistil, but not

stamensstamens StaminateStaminateflower with functional stamens, butflower with functional stamens, but

not pistilnot pistil


9/37

Porter,

1967

Floral DiagramsFloral Diagrams

Shows flowerShows flowerss

various parts, numbervarious parts, number

of parts, fusion parts,of parts, fusion parts,

etc.etc.


10/37

Floral diagram ofFloral diagram of

ChenopodiumChenopodium

Porter,

1967

Porter,

1967


TradescantiaTradescantia


11/37


GentianaGentiana


PrimulaPrimula

Porter,

1967

Porter,

1967


12/37

Floral FormulasFloral Formulas

Numerical notation ofNumerical notation of

floral partsfloral parts

Ca/K = CalyxCa/K = Calyx

Co/C = CorollaCo/C = Corolla

A = AndroeciumA = Androecium

G = GynoeciumG = Gynoecium

Ca

5

= calyx of5 sepals

Co 4 = corollaof 4 petals

A 5 = 5 stamens

G5

= gynoecium of5 united

carpels, ovary

superior


13/37

CaCa00

CoCo00

AA 11--1010 GG 22--55

CaCa33--55

CoCo AA GG22--3300 55

44 44

AA

4 or 84 or 8

GG

44

CaCa CoCo

CaCa

33

CoCo AA

33 66

GG

33

or Gor G

33


14/37

Pollination

Transfer pollen from anther to stigma


15/37

InflorescencesInflorescences

Flower clustersFlower clusters


16/37

SpikeSpike

Flowers withoutFlowers without

pedicels arepedicels are

attached to mainattached to mainstemstem

It is elongated &It is elongated &flowers matureflowers mature

from bottomfrom bottomupwardsupwards

AcanthusAcanthusspp.spp.

Capon,1

990

Ca

pon,1990


17/37

SpadixSpadix

Type of spikeType of spikewith small flowerswith small flowers

crowded oncrowded on

central columncentral column

Enclosed by aEnclosed by alarge, modifiedlarge, modified

leaf =leaf = spathespathe

Example: calla lilyExample: calla lily

SpatheSpathe

SpadixSpadix

Porter,19

67


18/37


19/37

RacemeRaceme

Flowers attachedFlowers attached

to main stem byto main stem byshort pedicelsshort pedicels

Elongated &Elongated &flowers matureflowers mature

from bottomfrom bottom

upwardsupwards

Genista racemosaGenista racemosa

Sweet broomSweet broom

Ca

pon,1

990

Capon,1

990


20/37

PaniclePanicle

Flowers attachedFlowers attached

to main stem byto main stem bypedicelspedicels

Elongated &Elongated &flowers matureflowers mature

from bottom upfrom bottom up

Branched racemeBranched raceme Begoniaspp.

Capon, 1990


21/37


22/37

HeadHead

Dense cluster ofDense cluster ofsessile flowerssessile flowers

Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuus

SunflowerSunflower

Capon,

1990

Capon,

1990


23/37

CorymbCorymb

FlatFlat--topped inflorescence;topped inflorescence;

pedicels of unequalpedicels of unequal

length arising at differentlength arising at different

points on stempoints on stem

Usually bloom fromUsually bloom from

outside to insideoutside to inside

Compound corymbCompound corymb

Example: SedumExample: Sedum JonesandLuchsinger

,1986


24/37

CymeCyme

InflorescenceInflorescence

with oldestwith oldest

flower in centerflower in centerMartin,1920


25/37

FruitFruit

Mature or ripenedMature or ripened

ovary;ovary;Ripened ovary wall =Ripened ovary wall =pericarppericarp


26/37

FleshyFleshyfruits at maturityfruits at maturity

BerryBerry = pulpy or fleshy= pulpy or fleshy pericarppericarp, usually, usually

many seedsmany seeds

Examples: tomato, banana & grapeExamples: tomato, banana & grape

SimpsonandOgorzaly,1995


27/37

Coconut

Simpson&Ogorzaly,

1995

DrupeDrupe = fleshy fruit with= fleshy fruit with pericarppericarp

distinguishable as 3 layersdistinguishable as 3 layersExocarpExocarpouter layer orouter layer or skinskin or rind of a fruitor rind of a fruit

MesocarpMesocarpmiddle layermiddle layer

EndocarpEndocarpinner stoneinner stone--like layerlike layer


28/37

Simp

sonandOgorzaly,

1995

HesperidiumHesperidium ==

type of berry withtype of berry with

leathery rind & oilleathery rind & oilglands;glands; carpelscarpels areare

easily separated aseasily separated as

segmentssegments

PomePome = mature= mature

inferior ovaryinferior ovary

surrounded bysurrounded byaccessory tissueaccessory tissue

PepoPepo = type of= type of

berry that with aberry that with a

leathery rind;leathery rind;restricted torestricted to

CucurbitaceaeCucurbitaceae


29/37

Dry, IndehiscentDry, Indehiscentfruitsfruits

AcheneAchene = single= single--seeded dry fruit with seedseeded dry fruit with seed

free fromfree from pericarppericarp

SimpsonandOgorzaly,

199

5

SimpsonandOgorzaly,

199

5

Dowden

Dowden,1

994

,1994

SamaraSamarawinged achenewinged achene AcheneAchenesunflowersunflower seedseed


30/37

CaryopsisCaryopsis ==

corn, wheat, rye,corn, wheat, rye,barley & sorghumbarley & sorghum

Jonesa

ndLuchsinger,

1986

Jonesa

ndLuchsinger,

1986

AA nutnut can becan be

identified by itsidentified by itshardhard exocarpexocarp


31/37

AA folliclefollicle opens onopens on

one side onlyone side only

Examples: milkweed,Examples: milkweed,

DelphiniumDelphinium, peonies,, peonies,

columbine &columbine & spireaspirea

LupineLupine

Wilson and Loomis, 1967Wilson and Loomis, 1967

LegumeLegume = opens= opens

longitudinally alonglongitudinally alongtwo sidestwo sides

LomentLoment ==

legume thatlegume that

hashasconstrictionsconstrictions

betweenbetween

seedsseeds


32/37

Aggregate FruitAggregate Fruit

From one flower withFrom one flower withmany simple pistilsmany simple pistils

Multiple FruitMultiple Fruit

From many flowersFrom many flowers

MulberryMulberry

RaspberryRaspberry


33/37

Seeds

RadicleRadicle

PlumulePlumule

http://www.umass.edu/umext/mac/Images/beanseed%20small.jpghttp://www.umass.edu/umext/mac/Images/beanseed%20small.jpg

CotyledonCotyledon

Seed coatSeed coat


34/37

Plant HabitPlant Habit


35/37

Plant HabitPlant Habit

Herb / herbaceousHerb / herbaceous:: little or no abovelittle or no above--groundground

woody tissuewoody tissue

Shrub:Shrub: woody perennial; multiwoody perennial; multi--stemmedstemmed

Tree:Tree: woody perennial; main trunkwoody perennial; main trunk

Succulent:Succulent: thick, soft watery leaves &/orthick, soft watery leaves &/orstemsstems

Vine:Vine: trails on ground or climbs; woody ortrails on ground or climbs; woody orherbaceousherbaceous


36/37

Herbs:Herbs:

chives, begoniachives, begonia

Succulent:Succulent:

jade plantjade plant

Vine:Vine:

grape, moonflower,grape, moonflower,

morning glory,morning glory,climbing rosesclimbing roses


37/37

Sh b li d ibSh b li d ib T il bi hT il bi h

Documents

Basic Botany Part III - Reproductive Morphology