Basic BotanyPart 2

REVIEW

Transpiration

• Loss of water (as vapor) from a plant

• Water evaporates into air spaces within the leaf

• Vapor diffuses out of the leaf through structures called stomata

Path of water through the plant

Functions of Transpiration

1. Moves minerals up the stem

2. Maintains cell turgidity

3. Cools plant

Regulating Factors

1. Opening and closing of stomata.

2. Amount of soil water

3. Air temperature

4. Light

5. Humidity

6. Wind

FLOWERS

• Functions

– Sexual Reproduction

– Fruit and Seed Production

Flower Parts

Flower Types

Imperfect Flowers

• Monoecious

• Dioecious

Pollination

Types of Fruit

• Simple

• Aggregate

• Multiple

Plant PhysiologyInternal Plant Structures

A. Xylem

B. Phloem

Root Organization

1. Meristematic Tissues

2. Mature Tissues

Meristematic Tissues in Stems

Stem OrganizationMonocot

Stem OrganizationHerbaceous Dicots

Stem OrganizationWoody Dicot

Leaf Organization

Plant Processes

1. Transpiration

2. Photosynthesis

3. Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

• Conversion of light energy into stable chemical energy (sugar).

• Plant converts sugars into long-term storage products including starches, oils, and proteins.

Factors Regulating Photosynthesis

1. Concentration of carbon dioxide in plant.

2. Availability of water.

3. Temperature.

Cellular Respiration

• Breakdown of “foods” to release useable energy.

• Uses energy for growth and reproduction.

ComparisonPhotosynthesis to Respiration

Control of Plant GrowthExternal (Environmental)

• Water

• Temperature

• Light