Basic and Recommended Vaccination in Indonesia

8/2/2019 Basic and Recommended Vaccination in Indonesia

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BASIC AND RECOMMENDED

VACCINATION IN INDONESIA


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VACCINATION

BASIC RECOMMENDED

BCG

ADULTSCHILDREN

VARICELA

DTP

POLIOHEPATITIS B

MMR HEPATITIS A

MENINGOCOCCALPNEUMOCOCCAL

INFLUENZATETANUS

HEPATITIS B

GERMAN MEASLES

TRAVELLERS

TYPHOID FEVER

JAPANESE

ENCEPHALITIS

YELLOW FEVER


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VACCINATION

Passive immunization occurs when preformed

antibodies are passed to a recipient.

It is a process of stimulating protective

adaptive immune system against microbes by

exposure to non pathogenic forms or

components of the microbes


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HOW VACCINE WORK?

Vaccinesinduce a primary adative immune

response in the hostestablishing immunological

memory

host re-exposed, a secondaryresponse develops

Antibodies elicited by vaccines Ina number of ways:

1) antibodies can preventmicroorganisms binding to

receptor on cells

2) antibodies activate complimentand opsonize pathogens for

phagocytosis

3) antibodies can neutralizeexotoxins produced by pathogens

vaccines aim to produce memoryB cell and Th2 cells, which

together produce high-titerantibody on exposure to the

pathogens or its toxin


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TYPES OF VACCINATION

KILLEDVACCINE

preparations of thenormal infectious,pathogenic virus

that has beenrendered non-

pathogenic

influenza vaccine,pertussis

ATTENUATEDVACCINE

live virus particles

that grow in thevaccine recipientbut do not cause

disease because thevaccine has beenaltered to a non-pathogenic form

polio, BCG andMMR

SUB-UNITVACCINE

purifiedcomponents of the

virus such as surface

antigens

DNAVACCINE

usually harmlessviruses into which a

gene for aprotective antigenhas been spliced.

The protective

antigen is thenmade in the vaccinerecipient to elicit an

immune system.


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BASIC VACCINATION

Indonesia Expanded Program on Immunization forchildren (EPI)

Childhood immunization including immunity by

applying a vaccine almost guarantees protection frommany major diseases.

Childhood vaccination prevents 2 millions deaths peryear worldwide and is widely considered to be

overwhelmingly good by the scientific community Depends on disease pattern of Indonesia and funds

that allocated by government to health sector


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BCG

WHO 2004, incident rate of TBC in 2002 is 555 000 cases (256 cases/100 000

citizens) and 46% of them are new cases.

Indonesia is the third country with high TBC cases after India and China.

Every year, in Indonesia the number of new TB cases is increasing about million

and approximately 140 000 patients died because of TBC.

Prevalence of TBC in Indonesia is very high compulsory to vaccinate childrenwith BCG vaccination to prevent spreading of TBC among them.

Vaccines Protection to Contents AgeNormal

reaction

Side effects

BCG TBCAttenuated

vaccines

0-

3monthsScar

Lymphadenitis

Osteomyelitis

Systemic


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POLIO

Polio virus very dangerous because it can cause paralysis even death tochildren

Very contagious, always infects children under five years old especially with poor

hygiene and immunization programs.

Indonesia is the 16th country which is re-infected with polio.

It is very important to have polio vaccination among childhood to prevent

Indonesia from becoming the virus exporter to other countries especially East

Asia

Vaccines Protection to Contents Age Normal reaction Side effects

Polio poliomyelitisAttenuated

vaccinesNeonates None Diarrhea


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DTP

Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough) vaccination are

important because complication of these disease can cause death.

Children fatality rate is high before this vaccination is given to people


DTP

Diphtheria

Tetanus

Pertussis

Toxoid

Toxoid

Killed vaccines

6 weeksFever in

24 hours

Encephalopathy

seizure


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HEPATITIS B

Epidemiogically Indonesia is among the medium to high prevalence of hepatitis B

in the world.

Hepatitis B has a lot of complication, Infection of hepatitis B virus is the world

health problems.

Approximately 350 millions people in the world are the carrier of the virus and

78% among them are Asians.

With the vaccination to children the number of carriers can be decrease

Vaccines Protection to Contents AgeNormal

reactionSide effects

Hepatitis B Hepatitis B


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GERMAN MEASLES

Indonesia: German measles immunization program has been started since 1984

by giving one dosage of vaccine for 9 months old babies.

This vaccination is given because German measles can spread easily via airborne

Vaccination stop the transmission and spreading of this virus


German

measlesMorbilli Attenuated virus

>6-9

months

Fever

Light rashencephalopathy


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RECOMMENDED VACCINATION

Adults recommended vaccinationless

concern compare to children immunization

even there are lots of disease and death that

can be prevent by vaccination.

2003, Perhimpunan Dokter Speasialis Penyakit

Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI) has created a

consensus Immunization for Adultsadultswill concern the benefits of immunization.


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RECEMMENDED

VACCINATION

TETANUS

Every adult got fullvaccination of 3 primer

dosage from diphtheriaand toxoid tetanus. If

they have not been

vaccine yet, so primer

dosage of tetanus

vaccination will be

given with booster

vaccination every 10

years

MEASLES, MUMPS AND

RUBELLA (MMR)Adults who are born

before 1957 get nature

immunization. For

adults who born after

1957 has to take 1

dosage of MMR

vaccine. High risk adultshave to take 2 dosage

of vaccination

INFLUENZA

Influenza vaccination is

been given every year

to adults who is abovefifties, chronic lungs

disease, old folks home

residents, metabolic

disease, medical

workers, kidney failure

and so on. This vaccine

is highly recommendedto adults who want to

go for Hajj where the

exposure to influenza is

very high

PNEUMOCOCCAL

This vaccination is given

to adult who haschronic disease (heart

failure, kidney failure,

diabetes mellitus, and

alcoholic).


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RECOMMENDED

VACCINATIONHEPATITIS A

This vaccination is

given to adult who ishigh risk to the

exposure to the viruse.g. caterer, and who

wants the vaccinatione.g. drugs abuser,

homosexual person,

liver disease. Personwho always travels is

highly recommended

to take this vaccination

HEPATITIS B

Aim of this vaccination

is want to prevent the

spreading of the virus.

Besides it also want to

decrease the number

of hepatitis B carrier in

the world. High risk

group to this virus aremedical workers,

blood transfusion, HIV

patients and so on

MENINGOCOCCAL

It is compulsory toadults who want to go

for Hajj. It is also

recommended to adultwho is asplenic either

anatomic or functional

VARISELA

It is recommended to

medical workers,immunocompromised

person, schools,military and travelers.

It has 2 dosages ofvaccination


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TRAVELLERS

TYPHOID FEVER

It is recommended to food

caterer or the one who sellfoods. Besides it also

recommended to travelers whotravel to endemic place oftyphoid fever. It has to re-vaccination every 3 years.

YELLOW FEVER

WHO has make this vaccinationas a must to travelers who

travels to endemic place in Asia

and stay more than 30 days orlive there especially in ruralarea. Booster vaccination is

every 10 years.JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS

WHO has make this vaccination

as a must to travelers whotravels to endemic place in Asia

and stay more than 30 days orlive there especially in ruralarea. Booster vaccination is

every 10 years.


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CONCLUSION

high prevalence and high risk of contagious diseases inIndonesia children and adults are highly recommended to

go for vaccination

For children they have to receive basic vaccination via

Expended Program on Vaccination. This program tries to makeIndonesia free from contagious diseases and almost

guarantees protection from many major diseases. As a result

children in Indonesia can growth well besides have a better

future.

For adults they are recommended to go for recommended

vaccination as a health promotion to get a better living. As we

know nowadays adults recommended vaccination can prevent

lots of disease and death

Documents

Basic and Recommended Vaccination in Indonesia