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AnatomyStudy of the body

PhysiologyStudy of how the body functions

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONCells smallest unit of life

Tissues groups of cells with similar functions

Organs groups of tissues with similar functions

Systems group of organs with similar functions

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

What does a group of systems make?

A living organism or Human

QUESTION…..

What is the largest organ of the human body?

SKIN

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

The skinCovers the whole body as a continuous layerComplex combination of tissuesLargest organ of the body3000 square inches

One square inch 20 blood vessels 78 nerves 78 sensors for heat 13 sensors for cold 1300 nerve endings 19, 500, 000 cells ½ million cells dying and being replaced

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN Protection

Barrier against microbes, dirt, chemicals; shock absorber

Water balancePrevents loss of water and absorption

Temperature regulationBlood vessels near surface vasodilate (get bigger) and vasoconstrict (get

smaller)

Waste disposalExcretion of oil, water, Na+, Co2

Receptor organsSensations of touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure

Vitamin D productionUses UV rays from the sun to forma n initial molecule of Vit D….which then

matures in the liver

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

EpidermisOut layerComplete regeneration in 35 days

DermisTrue skinStrong, flexibleFramework of elastic connective tissue and blood vessels

fingerprints

Subcutaneous tissueInnermost layerFatty tissueConnects skin to underlying muscles

GLANDS OF THE SKIN

CeruminousEar wax

SudoriferousSweat glandsBasically odorless until it interacts with bacteria on the

skin….then….body odorSweating (perspiration) removes excess water from the body and

cools the body as the sweat evaporates

SebaceousOil glandsProduce sebum, an oil that keeps the skin and hair from becoming

dry and brittleWhen oil gland becomes plugged= pimples!

ACCESSORY ORGANS

NailsDead cells in the epidermis that are packed closely together

HairRoot + hair shaft

SKIN COLOR

PigmentsMelanin

Only pigment made in the skinYellow to reddish brown to blackRacial differences—kind and amount of melanin madeLocal accumulations—freckles, pigmented moles

CaroteneYellow to orangeObvious in palms and soles of feet

ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR

Erythema: REDCongestion of blood in vesselsBurnsEmbarrassmentFeverHypertensionInflammationAllergy

ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR

Pallor (blanching, pale) Emotional stressAnemiaLow blood pressure

ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR

JaundiceLiver disorderGallbladder disorderPresence of bile in the bloodDiseases involving the destruction of RBC’sWhat disease did we talk about that would cause jaundice?

Hep C

ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR

CyanosisInsufficient oxygen in tissuesWho might we see this in?

Patients with respiratory diseasesInfants Drowning victims

ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR

VitiligoLoss of pigment in certain areas

What celebrity said he suffered from this disease?

ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR

AlbinismAbsence of pigment

ABNORMAL SKIN COLOR

Bruises (contusion)Blood escapes the vessels and clots beneath the skin

HematomaHemopheliaAnemiaLeukemia

SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS

AcneOveractive secretion of sebaceous glandsTreatment

Thorough washingSteroid creamsUV light treatmentAvoidance of certain foodsChemical face peels Dermabrasion

SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS Eczema

Vesicles on reddened skin that burst and weep….then crusts

TreatmentAntihistaminesSteroidsWet dressingsStarch bathsTranquilizers

***stress can aggravate condition

SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS

UrticariaHives…..allergy or emotional stressTreatment

Steroidsantihistamines

SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS Impetigo

Erythema, vesicles with sticky yellow crustsInfection with staph or strepVERY contagiousTreatment

Remove crustsApply antibiotic ointment

SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Decubitus UlcersBed soresPressureDecreased circulation to a specific areaHigh occurrence in long term care facilities

HEALTH CAREERS RELATED TO THE SKIN

AllergistDermatologistPlastic surgeon

REVIEW

The most basic unit of life is

The cell

REVIEW

The skin is made of three layers….what are they?

EpidermisDermis

Subcutaneous tissue

REVIEW

How does the skin provide protection?

Barrier against microbes/bacteria

Shock absorber

REVIEW

What is the only pigment made in the skin?

Melanin

REVIEW

This is a collection of blood beneath the skin

bruise