Basic Anatomy & Basic Anatomy & PhysiologyPhysiology

BonesBones

Provide:Provide: ProtectionProtection

SupportSupport ShapeShape

Primary JointsPrimary Joints

HipHipKneeKneeShoulderShoulderElbowElbowWrist Wrist AnkleAnkle

HipHipFemurFemurAcetabulum Acetabulum LigamentsLigamentsLabrumLabrumMusclesMuscles

HipHip

KneeKnee FemurFemur Tibia/FibulaTibia/Fibula PatellaPatella Ligaments: Ligaments:

– MCL/LCL/PCL/ACLMCL/LCL/PCL/ACL MeniscusMeniscus

ShoulderShoulder

HumerusHumerusGlenoidGlenoidClavicalClavicalScapulaScapulaLigamentsLigamentsMusclesMusclesLabrumLabrum

ElbowElbow

Humerus Humerus RadiusRadiusUlnaUlnaLigamentsLigamentsMusclesMusclesUlnar NerveUlnar Nerve

WristWrist

RadiusRadiusUlnaUlnaCarpalsCarpalsMetacarpalsMetacarpalsMedian NerveMedian NerveCarpal TunnelCarpal TunnelLigamentsLigamentsMusclesMuscles

AnkleAnkle

TibiaTibia FibulaFibula Ligaments:Ligaments:

– ATFL, PTFL, CFLATFL, PTFL, CFL– DeltoidDeltoid

TalusTalus CalcaneusCalcaneus MusclesMuscles

LigamentsLigaments

Connect Bone to BoneConnect Bone to Bone

Provide StabilityProvide Stability

Will NOT heal after injuryWill NOT heal after injury

Injured Ligament = Injured Ligament = SprainSprain

Sprained Ankle:Sprained Ankle:#1: Ant. Talofibular Lig#1: Ant. Talofibular Lig

#2: Calcaneofibular Lig#2: Calcaneofibular Lig

#3: Post. Talofibular Lig#3: Post. Talofibular Lig

CartilageCartilageCovers the end of bonesCovers the end of bones

Also located in joints, nose, and Also located in joints, nose, and earsears

General Purpose:General Purpose:– Absorb shockAbsorb shock– Reduce frictionReduce friction– Increase joint Increase joint

stabilitystability

- Provide nutrition- Provide nutritionArticular Cartilage

MusclesMuscles

Injured Muscle = Injured Muscle = StrainStrain

Common Injury Locations:Common Injury Locations:– Rotator Cuff Rotator Cuff

SupraspinatusSupraspinatus

– QuadricepsQuadricepsRectus Femoris Rectus Femoris

– HamstringsHamstringsBicep FemorisBicep Femoris

– CalfCalfGastrocnemius & SoleusGastrocnemius & Soleus

Leg MusclesLeg Muscles

Biceps Femoris

Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Achilles Tendon

IT Band

Arm MusclesArm Muscles

Most Common Shoulder Injuries:Most Common Shoulder Injuries:– Rotator CuffRotator Cuff

Tendonitis, Tears, ImpingementTendonitis, Tears, Impingement

– Bicipital TendonitisBicipital Tendonitis

TendonsTendons Attach Muscle to BoneAttach Muscle to Bone

Tendons surrounded by sheath filled w/ Tendons surrounded by sheath filled w/ synovial fluid to decrease friction synovial fluid to decrease friction – TenosynovitisTenosynovitis

Injury to Tendon = Injury to Tendon = StrainStrain

Common Injury Locations:Common Injury Locations:– Achilles Achilles – BicepsBiceps– PatellarPatellar– Rotator CuffRotator Cuff

BursaBursa Small, fluid filled sacsSmall, fluid filled sacs Located between tissues to decrease Located between tissues to decrease

frictionfriction Common Injury:Common Injury: BursitisBursitis

Neurological SystemNeurological SystemControls:Controls:

– DigestionDigestion– SensationSensation– BreathingBreathing– HRHR– BPBP– Muscle ContractionMuscle Contraction– Many other functionsMany other functions

Digestive/ReproductiveDigestive/ReproductiveSystemsSystems

ULQULQ:: Stomach, Stomach, spleenspleen, L kidney, , L kidney, gut, ½ pancreasgut, ½ pancreas

URQURQ:: LiverLiver, gall bladder, R kidney, , gall bladder, R kidney, gut, ½ pancreasgut, ½ pancreas

LLQ:LLQ: Ureter, Ureter,

½ bladder, L ovary ½ bladder, L ovary LRQLRQ:: Ureter, Ureter,

½ bladder, ½ bladder, appendixappendix, ,

R ovaryR ovary

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System Path of Air:Path of Air:

– Nose/Mouth Nose/Mouth – Pharynx-Larynx-TracheaPharynx-Larynx-Trachea– BronchiBronchi– LungsLungs

Muscles of inspiration:Muscles of inspiration:– DiaphragmDiaphragm– IntercostalsIntercostals

Muscles of expiration:Muscles of expiration:– Abdominal muscles:Abdominal muscles:

Rectus abdominusRectus abdominus Internal/external obliquesInternal/external obliquesTransversus abdominusTransversus abdominus

Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

Heart Heart – 2 atria2 atria– 2 ventricles2 ventricles

Vascular StructuresVascular Structures– AortaAorta– Inferior/superior Inferior/superior

vena cavavena cava– Pulmonary arteries/veinsPulmonary arteries/veins