(BASF) Basacid Dyes

Technical Information

EVP 002205 e, September 2006

supersedes EVP 002205 e, December 2005

Page 1 of 8

® = registered trademark of

BASF Aktiengesellschaft,

unless otherwise indicated Basacid®

dyes

anionic dyes, readily soluble/thinnable in water, for the color-ation of crop protection agents, fertilizers, industrial cleaners, antifreeze and wood preservatives, writing inks, ink-jet inks etc.

Range

Colour Index Nature part 1 part 2

Basacid® Black X34 liquid blend – – Basacid® Black X38 liquid – – – Basacid® Black X40 liquid azo/1:2 chromium complex Acid Black 194 – Basacid® Yellow 093 liquid quinoline Acid Yellow 3 47 005 Basacid® Yellow 099 liquid quinoline Acid Yellow 51 47 035 Basacid® Yellow 133 E azo Acid Yellow 23 19 140 Basacid® Orange 282 liquid azo Acid Orange 71 15 510 Basacid® Red 316 xanthene Acid Red 87 45 380 Basacid® Red 400 E azo Acid Red 18 16 255 Basacid® Red 495 liquid monoazo Reactive Red 24:1 – Basacid® Blue 762 liquid Cu phthalocyanine Direct Blue 199 – Basacid® Green 970 nitroso Acid Green 1 10 020 Physical form powder and liquid grades

Shelf life According to our experience, Basacid® powder dyes can be stored for at least 5 years from the date of delivery, provided they are kept dry and in their unopened original containers. Like most organic compounds, however, they are combustible, a point to be consid-ered for storage. According to our experience, the liquid dyes can be stored in unopened original containers for at least 2 years from the date of delivery.

1 different cation

EVP 002205 e, September 2006 Page 2 of 8 Basacid® dyes

Properties

Spectral transmittance The spectral transmittance of the dyes in double-distilled water was measured with a Zeiss DMC 26 spectrophotometer. The concentration of each dye was chosen so that a layer of solution 1 cm thick produced an absorptivity of 1 at the absorption maximum.

The following table shows the concentrations required to achieve this and the associated absorption maxima:

table 1 concentration at which 1 cm layer of solution produces an absorptivity of 1

absorption maximum

[mg/l] [nm]

Basacid® Black X34 liquid 96.9 580 Basacid® Black X38 liquid 104.2 568 Basacid® Black X40 liquid 182.1 571 Basacid® Yellow 093 liquid 65.1 419 Basacid® Yellow 099 liquid 57.7 449 Basacid® Yellow 133 E 22.7 427 Basacid® Orange 282 liquid 42.2 485 Basacid® Red 316 11.4 514 Basacid® Red 400 E 33.4 508 Basacid® Red 495 liquid 99.6 532 Basacid® Blue 762 liquid 108.5 610 Basacid® Green 970 104.2 717 pH value A 1 % aqueous solution of the Basacid® dye was prepared with

bidistilled water. 2 ml of a 10 % potassium chloride solution was added to 100 ml of this solution and the pH measured with a glass electrode. The pH of the liquid dyes was measured in the dyes as supplied.

Bulk volume/bulk density The figures quoted indicate the average volume occupied by a unit mass of dye and are expressed in l/kg for powder dyes and kg/l for liquid dyes.

Fastness to light The fastness to light was determined on paper dip dyeings. The dye concentration in the dye bath was 10 g/l. The exposed specimens were assessed on the eight-step blue wool scale where

1 = very poor 8 = outstanding Since light fastness depends on many factors, users of the dyes

must test it in the appropriate application medium. The values quoted in the table below are provided only as a guide to dye selection.


table 2 pH value bulk volume fastness to light

shade

Basacid® Black X34 liquid 6.7 1.1 1–2 Basacid® Black X38 liquid 7.1 1.1 1–2 Basacid® Black X40 liquid 6.5 1.1 5–6 Basacid® Yellow 093 liquid 6.3 1.1 4 Basacid® Yellow 099 liquid 8.6 1.1 1–2 Basacid® Yellow 133 E 6.2 2.0 6 Basacid® Orange 282 liquid 2.5 1.1 3 Basacid® Red 316 7.6 1.6 2 Basacid® Red 400 E 6.8 2.0 3 Basacid® Red 495 liquid 7.5 1.1 1–2 Basacid® Blue 762 liquid 8.2 1.1 5 Basacid® Green 970 8.5 1.6 4 Solubility of the powder dyes The Basacid® dyes are technical-grade products and may therefore

contain small amounts of impurities insoluble in water. Once the dye has been dissolved in water, these impurities can usually be easily removed by allowing the solutions to stand for some time and then decanting. Occasionally, for example in the case of vis-cous solutions, the impurities are best removed by filtering.

The solubility of the dyes in water was determined by boiling for a brief period and filtering the hot solution. The solubility values rep-resent the maximum dye concentration at which no dye crystallizes out after 24 hours’ storage at room temperature.

The solubility of the powder dyes in various organic solvents was determined as follows:

Small amounts of dye are gradually added to the solvent at room temperature (22–25 °C [72–77 °F]). After each addition, the mixture is shaken to dissolve the dye. The procedure is continued until a significant amount of dye remains undissolved. Any insoluble salts, extenders and the like are disregarded.

The solubility figures represent the amount of dye in g/l that almost completely dissolves in the solvent concerned.

If dye solutions are to remain stable over long periods, the con-centration should be lower than that given in the table.

Basonyl® dyes and Neozapon® dyes are more readily soluble in

organic solvents. For further details, please refer to the relevant Technical Information bulletins.


table 3

wat

er

etha

nol 9

9.5

%

etha

nol 8

0 %

ethy

lene

gly

col

die

thyl

ene

glyc

ol

glyc

erin

pro

pyl

ene

glyc

ol

ethy

l dig

lyco

l

met

hyl d

igly

col

Basacid® Yellow 133 E 150 0.5 300 300 200 100 n.d. n.d. n.d. Basacid® Red 316 400 30 30 > 500 > 500 > 500 > 500 40 120 Basacid® Red 400 E 350 n.d. 2 300 300 100 40 n.d. n.d. Basacid® Green 970 20 1 2 30 100 100 70 2 30 Miscibility of the liquid dyes The liquid dyes were diluted to 10 g/l or 100 g/l with the relevant

solvents. The storage stability, and in particular any sediment formed, was evaluated after seven days.

table 4

[g/l]

wat

er

etha

nol 9

9.5

%

etha

nol 8

0 %

ethy

lene

gly

col

die

thyl

ene

glyc

ol

glyc

erin

pro

pyl

ene

glyc

ol

ethy

l dig

lyco

l

met

hyl d

igly

col

Basacid® Black X34 liquid 10 100 Basacid® Black X38 liquid 10 100 Basacid® Black X40 liquid 10 100 Basacid® Yellow 093 liquid 10 100 Basacid® Yellow 099 liquid 10 100 Basacid® Orange 282 liquid 10 100 Basacid® Red 495 liquid 10 100 Basacid® Blue 762 liquid 10 100

= perfect solution = trace of sediment = appreciable sediment

The dye was tested in the following media (dye concentration in each case 1 g/l):

acetic acid 1 % sulfuric acid 1 % hydrochloric acid 30 % phosphoric acid 85 % sodium hydroxide 1 % sodium carbonate 1 %

Resistance to acids and alkalis

ammonia 1 %


After three days the solutions were compared with corresponding solutions of the dyes in distilled water.

table 5

acet

ic a

cid

1

%

sulfu

ric a

cid

1

%

hyd

roch

loric

ac

id 3

0 %

pho

spho

ric

acid

85

%

sod

ium

hy

dro

xid

e 1

%

sod

ium

ca

rbon

ate

1 %

amm

onia

1 %

Basacid® Black X34 liquid Basacid® Black X38 liquid Basacid® Black X40 liquid Basacid® Yellow 093 liquid Basacid® Yellow 099 liquid Basacid® Yellow 133 E Basacid® Orange 282 liquid Basacid® Red 316 Basacid® Red 400 E Basacid® Red 495 liquid Basacid® Blue 762 liquid Basacid® Green 970

= no change = slight change = pronounced change

pH stability 0.1 % aqueous solutions of all Basacid® dyes were prepared in

distilled water. These solutions were thinned with buffer solutions to 20 ppm concentrations for the Basacid® powder dyes and 40 ppm concentrations for the Basacid® liquid dyes and the pH adjusted. After 5 days of storage at room temperatures, the solu-tions were compared with corresponding purely aqueous solutions to determine the pH ranges in which the shade remains stable.

table 6 pH 1 pH 2–4 pH 5–8 pH 9–11 pH ≥ 12


= The dye solution remains unchanged. = The dye solution changed somewhat.


The resistance to the following reducing agents was determined:

3% solution of sodium hydrogen sulfite made slightly acidic with 0.5 % acetic acid 5 % solution of sodium dithionite made slightly alkaline with 0.5 % sodium hydroxide solution

Resistance to reducing agents

In all cases, the dye concentration was 1 g/l. The solutions were compared after 24 hours with solutions of the same dye concen-tration in distilled water.

Resistance to oxidizing agents The dyes were tested in 20 % solutions of hydrogen peroxide. The concentrations were 1 g/l. After 3 days, a corresponding solution in distilled water was used for comparison.

reducing agent oxidizing agent table 7 sodium hydrogen sulfite 3%, acidified with acetic acid 24 hours

sodium dithionite 5%, alkaline 24 hours

hydrogen peroxide 20 % 3 days


= no change = slight change = pronounced change = decolorized

Application

Industrial cleaners Basacid® dyes can be used for coloring liquid cleaners. Since there can be large differences in the composition and properties of cleaners (e. g., pH), the dye for a particular product must be select-ed on the basis of the resistance tables above. In each case the suitability of the dye must be specifically tested.

The amount of Basacid® dye added is usually 0.01–0.1 %, de-pending on the desired depth of shade.

Basacid® dyes are suitable for the partial coloration of dishwasher tablets. If the dyes are to be used in cleaners in tablet form that come into contact with textiles, they should first be tested to en-sure that they do not stain the textiles.


Fertilizers Fertilizers are often dyed for identification purposes. Suitable Basacid® dyes for this purpose can be selected on the basis of the resistance tables above. Depending on the depth of shade desired, the application rate is 40–80 g/l fertilizer concentrate.

Antifreezes Antifreezes generally contain alcohols (glycols) and corrosion in-hibitors. The dye concentration ranges from 10 to 100 g/l. It is ad-visable to prepare concentrated stock solutions, heating them to dissolve the dyes. The stock solutions are filtered and then added to the antifreeze. The compatibility of the dye with the corrosion inhibitor in the antifreeze must be specifically tested.

Wood preservatives Fluoride and difluoride wood preservatives are colored in order to distinguish treated wood from untreated. Suitable dyes may be selected on the basis of the resistance data above.

Crop protection agents Insecticides, fungicides and herbicides are frequently dyed for identification and warning purposes. The Basacid® dyes can be recommended for this application, but processors must carry out prior compatibility tests.

Inks All Basacid® powder dyes that are sufficiently soluble in water are suitable for water-based inks for fiber-tip pens, fine-liner pens and ink rollers. It is a big advantage to use Basacid® liquid dyes, be-cause they have a very low salt content, and their non-dusting form allows clean handling. Basacid® Orange 282 liquid, which contains acid and can cause corrosion, should not be used in inks. In gen-eral, the effect of dyes on writing instruments that are liable to corrode should first be tested. Dyes should also be tested to de-termine whether they wash out of textiles.

In some countries, fiber-tip pens are subject to toy regulations and standards. For instance, European Standard 71 imposes restric-tions on the heavy-metal content of finished pens. Further informa-tion on this subject is available on request.

Ink-jet inks For water-based ink-jet inks, we recommend Basacid® Yellow 099 liquid, Basacid® Red 495 liquid, Basacid® Blue 762 liquid and the Basacid® Black grades.

Of the black grades, Basacid® Black X38 liquid is faster to water than Basacid® Black X34 liquid.

Basacid® Black X40 liquid deserves special mention, because it is very lightfast and, under certain conditions, also very fast to water.

Basacid® dyes can also be used for a number of other applications. Wherever it is necessary to color aqueous systems, the use of Basacid® dyes should be considered.


20060907_evp002205_e_s_ti_basacid_range.doc / EVP 002205-0609 D

BASF Aktiengesellschaft

Performance Chemicals for

Coatings, Plastics and Specialties

67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany

www.basf.com/pigments

www.basf.com/resins

www.basf.com/lightstabilizers

Safety

When handling these products, advice and information given in the safety data sheet must be complied with. Further, protective and workplace hygiene measures adequate for handling chemicals must be observed.

Note

The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of the many factors that may affect processing and application of our product, these data do not relieve processors from carrying out their own investigations and tests; neither do these data imply any guarantee of certain proper-ties, nor the suitability of the product for a specific purpose. Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights, etc. given herein may change without prior information and do not constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product. It is the responsibility of the recipient of our products to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed.

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(BASF) Basacid Dyes