Baseline Profile of UCs Barawal Bandi, Chukiatan & Bibiour of …ppr.org.pk/PDF/UCDistrictUpperDirReport070915MRIBJ… · · 2016-05-10ANF Anti-Narcotics Force ... PDO Project Development

Baseline Profile of UCs Barawal Bandi,

Chukiatan & Bibiour of District Upper Dir

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Empowerment Performance Result

Draft Baseline Profile of Selected UCs of District Upper Dir

Table of Contents

List of Exhibits ........................................................................................................................................... 1

Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................... 2

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5

1.1 Identification of UCs for Intervention ........................................................................................... 5

1.2 Data Collection Tools for Baseline Information ........................................................................... 7

1.3 Household Survey Strategy ......................................................................................................... 8

1.4 Challenges Faced in the Field ..................................................................................................... 8

2.0 Findings of Household Survey ....................................................................................................... 10

2.1 Demography .............................................................................................................................. 11

2.2 Household Socioeconomic Characteristics ............................................................................... 15

2.3 Housing Characteristics............................................................................................................. 20

2.4 Household Wealth Status .......................................................................................................... 22

2.5 Social Assistance and Extent of Community Mobilization ......................................................... 24

2.6 Media Habits .............................................................................................................................. 27

3.0 Community Profile ........................................................................................................................... 31

3.1 Tribes ......................................................................................................................................... 31

3.2 Conflicts ..................................................................................................................................... 31

3.3 IDPs ........................................................................................................................................... 32

3.4 Child Vaccination ....................................................................................................................... 32

3.5 Environmental Analysis ............................................................................................................. 32

3.6 Crime ......................................................................................................................................... 33

3.7 Gender ....................................................................................................................................... 33

3.8 Financial Institutions .................................................................................................................. 34

3.9 Community Problems and Priorities for Development .............................................................. 34

4.0 Community Institutions ................................................................................................................... 38

4.1 Community Institutions of the People ........................................................................................ 38

4.2 Community Institutions of the People ........................................................................................ 40

4.3 Other Community Institutions Working at the District Level in Upper Dir .................................. 43

Annexures ................................................................................................................................................. 45

Annexure 1: Households Poverty Score Ranges Summary .............................................................. 46

Annexure 2: Tools Used in Data Collection ....................................................................................... 47

Annexure 2A: Poverty Score Card Survey Questionnaire ............................................ 47

Annexure 2B: Media Profile Questionnaire .................................................................. 53

Annexure 2C: Focus Group Discussion Questionnaire ................................................ 54

Annexure 2D: UC Profile Questionnaire ....................................................................... 62

Annexure 2E: Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire .............................. 76

Annexure 2F: LSO/VO/CO Data Sheet ........................................................................ 81

Annexure 3: Field Team of District Upper Dir .................................................................................... 83


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List of Exhibits

Exhibit – 1 Multi-dimensional Poverty Estimates

Exhibit – 2 Household Distribution According to Poverty Score Cut-Offs (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.1.1 Household and Population of Selected UCs

Exhibit – 2.1.2 Demographic Indicators

Exhibit – 2.1.2a Demographic Indicators by Household Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.1.3 CNIC Status – Percentage of Population 18 years and above

Exhibit – 2.1.4 Household Residential Status and Migration

Exhibit – 2.1.5 Reasons for Migration – Percentage of Migrated Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6 Disability of Household Member– Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6a Disability of Household Member by Gender – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.6b Disability of Children (Under 5) – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.1.7 Child Immunization – Less Than Five Years (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.2.1 Occupation – Percentage of Population 15-64 Years

Exhibit – 2.2.2 Occupation of Head of Household – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2a Occupation of Head of Household by Gender – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2b Occupation of Head of Household by Poverty Status – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.2.2c Percentage Distribution of Unemployed Population by Completed Education Level

Exhibit – 2.2.3 Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage) (Population Who Ever Attended School)

Exhibit – 2.2.3a Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage) (Population Who Ever Attended School by Household Poverty Status)

Exhibit – 2.2.4 School Enrollments

Exhibit – 2.2.4a School Enrollments by Household Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.2.5 Reported Household Expenditure– Average Pakistan Rupees

Exhibit – 2.2.5a Reported Household Expenditure by Poverty Status– Average Pakistan Rupees

Exhibit – 2.2.6 Loans and Saving Habits – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.3.1 Housing Conditions - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.3.1a Housing Conditions By Poverty Status - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.4.1 Household Assets

Exhibit – 2.4.1a Household Assets by Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.5.1 Social Transfers (In Percentage)

Exhibit – 2.5.1a Social Transfers by Poverty Status

Exhibit – 2.5.2 Types of Social Assistance - Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.5.3 Households Who Benefited from Development Schemes – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.5.4 Households Who Reported Affiliation with Community Organization – Percentages

Exhibit – 2.5.5 Training of Household Member – Percentage of Households

Exhibit – 2.6.1 Media Habits – Listening to the Radio

Exhibit – 2.6.2 Media Habits – Watching TV

Exhibit – 2.6.3 Media Habits – Newspaper Reading

Exhibit – 2.6.4 Media Habits – Reading Magazine

Exhibit – 2.6.5 Media Habits – Computer, Internet and Mobile

Exhibit – 2.6.6 Media Habits – Household Perception Regarding Source of Information


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Acronyms

ABKT Association for Behavior and Knowledge Transformation

ADB Asian Development Bank

ANF Anti-Narcotics Force

BHU Basic Health Units

BISP Benazir Income Support Program

CIDA 1. Canadian International Development Agency

CNIC Computerized National Identity Card

COs Community Organization

DADO Dir Area Development Organization

DASP Disaster Assistant Support Program

DFID Department for International Development

DGDC Directorate General for Development Cooperation

DIL Development in Literacy

DTCE Devolution Trust for Community Empowerment

ESRA Education Sector Reforms Assistance

FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas

FGDs Focus Group Discussions

GoI Government of Italy

GPI Gender Parity Index

IDA International Development Association

IDPs Internally Displaced Persons

KK Khwendo Kor

KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

LJCP Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan

NATPOW National Trust for Population Welfare

NCCR National Center for Competence in Research

NCHD National Commission for Human Development

NED National Endowment for Democracy

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NOVIB Netherlands Organization for International Development Cooperation

PATA Provincially Administered Tribal Areas

PCSW Provincial Commission on the Status of Women

PDO Project Development Objectives


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PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund

PSC Poverty Score Card

RSP Rural Support Program

RWSSP Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Program

SAP-PK South Asia Partnership Pakistan

SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

SPO Strengthening Participatory Organization

SRSP Sarhad Rural Support Program

SWWS Support With Working Solutions

ToR Terms of Reference

ToT Training of the Trainers

TVO Trust for Voluntary Organizations

UCs Union Councils

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nation Development Program

UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VOs Village Organizations

WHO World Health Organization

WOs Women Organizations


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Foreword

Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) has received financing from the International Development Association (IDA) for undertaking the consulting services titled “Situation Analysis and Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan” in 14 targeted districts. The study has been awarded to AASA Consulting. The findings of this research will be utilized for a three year investment program in KP, FATA and Balochistan which would be financed by the Government of Italy (GoI) through the Directorate General for Development Cooperation (DGDC). The project is divided in two phases. The macro features of target districts were evaluated in Phase 1 and “District Situation Analysis” reports were submitted. In Phase-II, a baseline data of selected Union Councils (UCs) has been gathered through quantitative and qualitative surveys. This report provides detailed information of UCs regarding household demographics, poverty and wealth status, socioeconomic aspects, housing characteristics, media habits etc. This baseline survey information has been obtained through a Household Census using structured questionnaires and by conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with the communities. The last section on Community Institutions covers the social institutions at different tiers including Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Local Support Organizations (LSOs), Village Organizations (VOs) and Community Organizations (COs).


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1.0 Introduction PPAF which is the leading institution for community-driven development in Pakistan has received financing from the IDA for undertaking the consultancy services titled as “Situation Analysis and Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KP, FATA & Balochistan”. The findings of this contract research will be utilized for the three year investment programs “Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KP, FATA and Balochistan,” which will be financed by the GoI through the (DGDC). The specific objective of the planned three year investment program intends to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life indicators for poor communities in the identified UCs, which includes:

Strengthened community institutions leading to increased empowerment of local communities

Effective creation of livelihood opportunities for community groups (especially women and more marginalized segments)

Increased access to economic productivity and markets through infrastructure development

Increased access of local populations to basic social services (health and education) The proposed investment program aims at contributing to poverty reduction in the 14 selected districts in KP, FATA and Balochistan. According to the Terms of Reference (ToR), these areas are suffering from poverty, as well as from ongoing conflicts and are considered to be the most vulnerable areas of the country. The target districts for the planned interventions are:

Province/ Tribal Area District / Agency

KP Chitral Lower Dir

Swat Upper Dir

FATA Bajaur Agency

Balochistan

Awaran Lasbela Gwadar

Kech Panjgur Killa Abdullah

Pishin Killa Saifullah Zhob

1.1 Identification of UCs for Intervention The objective of the proposed intervention by PPAF is to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life for the people living in the identified or targeted UCs. According to the ToR of the project, three or two UCs will be selected for the investment intervention in each target district. The ToR also narrates that the specific intention of the project is to strengthen the community institutions leading to increased empowerment of local communities and effective creation of livelihood opportunities for community groups. The criterion which has been considered in the selection of UCs for the intervention includes level of deprivation, existence of COs, extent of community mobilization, logistics and proximities and PPAF priority levels.


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After a detailed discussion with PPAF and its Implementing Partners, based on the criteria identified three UCs of the Upper Dir district were selected for carrying out detailed survey at the UC level. Upper Dir, a district of KP is situated on the northern side of the province. The district is situated on Swat‟s eastern border, and Chitral‟s western border. It shares its southern border with Lower Dir district. The proposed UCs i.e. Bibiour, Chukiatan and Barawal Bandi are present on the southern border of the district. The boundaries of the UCs are connected with one another and are close to the district head quarter (Dir Urban). The western boundaries of Chukiatan are adjacent to Dir Urban i.e. the district head quarter. Bibiour is situated at the south of Chukiatan and Barawal Bandi is on the west of the former. The connection of the four districts forms a “U” shape on the map. Barawal Bandi and Bibiour share its boundary with the Lower Dir district.

Map – Upper Dir District

Sources: ACTED Pakistan, Rapid Need Assessment Project

Selected UCs for Project Intervention

District Tehsil UC

Upper Dir

Barawal Barawal Bandi

Upper Dir Chukiatan

Bibiour


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1.2 Data Collection Tools for Baseline Information

The main part of the consultancy assignment was to conduct detailed quantitative and qualitative surveys in the identified UCs for:

Ensuring availability of core quantitative and qualitative data on socio-economic indicators through which progress will be measured against Project Development Objectives (PDOs) and program impacts in the targeted UCs and villages.

Provide information that can be used later on as a baseline when a comparative analysis (control and treatment as well as differences in intervention combinations) will be undertaken so as to improve design and planning of future programs.

The quantitative data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to the head of the household in the identified UCs, while for the qualitative assessment of the current status of the community; interviews with knowledgeable representatives of the UC were carried out besides FGDs. The standard World Bank and Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) Poverty Score Card (PSC) questionnaire was administered in the household survey and thus, the assessment of the household poverty status is based on the components and standard formulae used in PSC survey for BISP. Some additional information was also gathered by adding questions, such as household income and expenditure, social assistance, polio vaccination and participation in COs in the household questionnaire. The perceptions of UC representatives regarding Impact of Conflict on Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and Host Communities, Community Conflict Resolution, Assessment of the Local Economy and Livelihood Opportunities as well as perceptions regarding vaccination were obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire. Three or four senior knowledgeable representatives of the UC with diverse expertise were requested to share their ideas with respect to the aforementioned issues. From each selected UC one or two FGDs were administered to compile participants‟ views on:

Community mobilization

Impact of IDPs on the local economy and on the host community

Attitude and perceptions of the community on vaccination / polio

Needs analysis and categorization – priority areas of investment

Perception regarding interventions by NGOs

Environmental issues Further, community institutions in selected areas were also assessed through a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire which was administered to the relevant personnel of the community institutions.


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1.3 Household Survey Strategy The salient feature of the strategy followed in the household survey includes:

An adequate amount of field staff (Field Supervisor and Enumerators) was hired with the appropriate qualifications and experience. It was ensured that all survey team members have valid Computerized National Identity Cards (CNICs).

The Training of the Trainers (ToT) was arranged by AASA Consulting in Quetta and Islamabad. During this 2 day training session, the Master Trainers (i.e. District Team Leaders) were given detailed trainings on how to train the field staff for the purpose of conducting the data collection surveys throughout the province smoothly.

The Enumerators, Field Supervisors and Field Editors were given trainings, consisting of a pre-trial survey training session and a post-trial survey training session by the Master Trainers.

Detailed logistic plans and field procedures for each district were developed for management of the flow of goods, information and other resources, including people that are involved in the process of gathering information.

For each selected UC, detailed profiles were created with the areas marked in blocks for the household census along with UC maps to assist field teams. The District Team Leaders along with Field Supervisors were responsible for this task. An attempt to hire local Field Supervisors was made to ensure that they are able to provide the most information for their respective UC.

After negotiating with community leaders and community mobilization teams, data collection began in the designated UCs. Every effort was made to ensure that no household was excluded from the enumeration.

An interview with head of the household was preferred. However, in case of non-availability of the head, any adult (18 years and above) or knowledgeable household member was selected as a respondent.

After completing the interview, the household unit was marked by the interviewer with a serial number, date and team code for back checking and verification.

Monitoring teams and District Supervisors were responsible for checking the quality of the submitted forms and to take any appropriate action for the inconsistencies and irregularities.

The following tools were designed and shared with the PPAF team before finalizing and starting field surveys; Household PSC Questionnaires, Questionnaires for Media Habits, Check Lists for FGDs, UC profile questionnaires and Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire.

1.4 Challenges Faced in the Field Some of the key challenges faced by our field teams during the data collection phase are shared in this section. The survey was designed to achieve carpet coverage of the targeted UCs and efforts were made to administer the survey to ensure 100 percent coverage. As in any field work there have been exceptions, refusals and household members not being available and so on. The following are some of the hurdles the field team faced:


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Cross Border Taliban Intervention (Afghanistan): Unlike other districts Upper Dir did not face the brunt of military operation directly but the key issue of disturbance in the area was cross border interventions from Afghanistan‟s Taliban. The local community actively countered these insurgencies in Upper Dir district. As a resultant the environment in the district as whole was tensed and field teams faced difficulty in gaining consents of the local community for participation in the survey. Law Enforcement Agencies: The mobility of the field teams was hampered significantly due to strong vigilance of the security agencies in the area. After the military operation, the security agencies were stringently monitoring the activities related to social mobilization as they do not want the miscreants to infiltrate the district again. Closed Houses: There were some houses that were found locked by the field teams due to seasonal or permanent migration. The people of these houses had migrated to other places for different reasons (e.g. for employment, visiting relatives etc.) and had not returned to their homes during the time of the survey. The field teams were instructed to visit the house at least three times before leaving the area to ensure maximum coverage. Non-Cooperation of Households / Non Participation: There were some households that denied participating in the field survey. These households were then visited by the field supervisor in a bid to convince them to give their household information. The field visit turned out to be fruitful in some cases however; those households that still denied participation were left during the survey. Possession of CNIC and its Reporting: Lastly, the lack of data on the CNIC numbers is again due to the shattered confidence of the people living in the targeted UCs. This mistrust has been created due to militant insurgencies in these areas as people do not trust the people who visit their households for the purpose of data collection and doubt their intentions. Another challenge faced in the field was possession of CNICs, many were missing because CNICs were taken by the land owners, lenders, shopkeepers and political leaders for their own vested interests.


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2.0 Findings of Household Survey

Poverty Score Card in Pakistan

The PSC for Pakistan adopted by BISP has been developed by the World Bank as a tool to measure change in poverty in an effective way and to support the management of development program that focus on alleviating poverty. The PSC uses Proxy Means Testing (PMT), which are based on proxies of income such as family characteristics, ownership of assets and housing features. The scorecard recommended by BISP uses 12 inexpensive-to-collect indicators which are highly related to poverty and changes in poverty. Statistically optimal weights, assigned to the indicators or components improve the predictive power of household poverty status. The relevant empirical literature suggests that PSC methodology is comparatively better for identifying underprivileged household as opposed to national surveys of household income and expenditure. This is particularly true in a developing country such as Pakistan, where it is difficult to collect accurate income and expenditure data and to determine the value of the household wealth. Thus the inability to assess household income or expenditure correctly makes the comparison invalid and inappropriate between poverty determined by PSC and poverty estimated through household income or expenditure data1. To determine household poverty status in the selected UCs, the exact methodology regarding components, weights and cut-off points, adopted by BISP for estimating household poverty status is applied. Moreover, in order to target particular groups for specific intervention, it is important to decide cut-off points for the analysis of poverty in terms of severity and vulnerability. This study uses PPAF recommended following Cut-offs for the determination of household poverty status.

Poverty Score Household Poverty Status

0-11 Extremely Poor

12-18 Chronically Poor

19-23 Transitory Poor

24-100 Non-Poor

Findings This section summarizes main findings of household census which was carried out in the selected UCs of the district. The description starts with the estimates of household status in terms of multidimensional poverty as measured by the PSC methodology which is followed by the information regarding the nature of household demography, household socioeconomic and housing characteristics, household wealth status, social assistance, extent of community mobilization and household media habits. According to Exhibit 1, about 59, 73 and 65 percent of households in Barawal Bandi, Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs respectively, are estimated poor following the BISP PSC methodology. Accordingly, the poor population in these UCs is estimated at 66, 82 and 74 percent.

1 The major objective of the household survey for this study was to collect information regarding the components of

Poverty Score Card (PSC), while a simple one-line question was also asked about household monthly income and expenditure. However, the income and expenditure data provides a crude and rough picture of household economic status and not suitable for determining household poverty status or for comparison with the PSC results.


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Exhibit – 1 Multi-dimensional Poverty Estimates

UC Percentage of Poor

Households [0-23 Poverty Score]

Poor Population

Percentages Numbers

Barawal Bandi 58.59 66.14 10952

Chukiatan 73.35 81.86 18141

Bibiour 64.96 73.55 16164

Source: Household Survey

The distribution of households according to various cut-offs are furnished in Exhibit 2. The exhibit reveals that majority of households are either „Extremely Poor‟ or „Chronically Poor‟ according to the PPAF poverty cut-offs categories.


Poverty rates are significantly high in all of the UCs. Barawal Bandi has relatively lesser poor households but even in this UC, a mere 42 percent of the households lie in the non-poor category. In the other two UCs, the percentage of non-poor households is even lesser. A major reason for higher percentage of poor households in all of the proposed UCs is that the Upper Dir district in general is underdeveloped.

2.1 Demography The estimated population of each UC is displayed in Exhibit 2.1.1, while important demographic indicators of UCs are furnished in Exhibit 2.1.2. The average family size is estimated around 8 with the exception of Bibiour UC where the family size is estimated at 7 members per house. The dependency ratio in Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs is greater than 100 due to lower share of the labor force (15-64 years), while in Barawal Bandi the dependency ratio is estimated at 99 percent. The sex ratio is in favor of males in all UCs. For each 100 women there are about 117 males in the selected UCs of the district. The proportion of less than five children varies from 17 to 20 percent in the selected UCs.

18 25

16

41 28 31

15 27

20 28

17

35

0

20

40

60

80

100

Extremely Poor Chronically Poor Transitory Poor Non-Poor

Exhibit – 2 Household Distribution According to Poverty Score Cut-Offs

(In Percentage)

Barawal Bandi Chukiatan Bibiour


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Exhibit – 2.1.1 Household and Population of Selected UCs

District Tehsil UC Households Population

Total Male Female

Upper Dir

Barawal Barawal Bandi 2125 16560 8928 7632

Upper Dir Chukiatan 2829 22160 11937 10223

Upper Dir Bibiour 3125 21977 11789 10188


Exhibit – 2.1.2 Demographic Indicators

UC

Family Size [Average]

Sex Ratio [%]

Dependency Ratio [%]

Proportion of Children

[%]

Population 15-64 [%]

Barawal Bandi 8 117 99 17 51

Chukiatan 8 117 116 20 47

Bibiour 7 116 107 17 49


An attempt is also made to disaggregate demographic indicators according to the household poverty status. According to the Exhibit 2.1.2a which displays this disaggregated information; poor households have relatively large family sizes and higher dependency ratios. This is not surprising because these indicators are used in estimating household multidimensional poverty. However, a lower sex ratio in favor of males in poor households is estimated.

Exhibit – 2.1.2a Demographic Indicators By Household Poverty Status

UC Family

Size [Average]

Sex Ratio [%]

Dependency Ratio [%]

Proportion of Children

[%]

Population 15-64 [%]

Barawal Bandi Non-Poor 6 128 70 14 60

Poor 9 112 118 18 47

Chukiatan Non-Poor 5 129 74 18 59

Poor 9 114 128 20 44

Bibiour Non-Poor 5 120 71 15 61

Poor 8 114 124 17 45


The CNIC status of adult (18 years and above) household members is depicted in Exhibit 2.1.3. About 82 percent of the adult population confirmed having a CNIC in Chukiatan UC, while 65 and 69 percent reported CNIC possession in Barawal Bandi and Bibiour UCs, respectively. The exhibit also reveals that about 13 to 18 percent of female and 5 to 18 percent of male household members do not possess a CNIC. No perceptible variations are observed in households with different poverty statuses. A significantly lower percentage of people reported the ownership of a CNIC. There are two reasons for this unsatisfactory finding. Firstly, there is in general a lack of understanding and awareness in this area regarding the importance of having a CNIC. Secondly, Upper Dir has


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also faced the brunt of militant insurgency due to which people are wary of disclosing information regarding their CNICs.

Exhibit – 2.1.3 CNIC Status – Percentage of Population 18 years and above

UC Have A CNIC CNIC Number Not Provided

Do Not Have A CNIC

Male Female

Barawal Bandi 65.20 5.10 17.52 17.29

Chukiatan 82.24 12.63 5.05 12.71

Bibiour 68.98 3.24 13.44 17.59


Information regarding household residential status is collated in Exhibit 2.1.4. According to the exhibit, the majority (95 to 99 percent) of households reported residing in the area for more than 15 years, while an insignificant (1 to 5) percentage of the population migrated during the last 15 years from other areas of KP province.

Exhibit – 2.1.4 Household Residential Status and Migration

UC

Households Reported Residing in the Area for

more than 15 Years [%]

Households Migrated During

Last 15 Years [%]

Migrated From

KP [%]

Other Provinces

[%]

Barawal Bandi 98.6 1.4 1.4 0.0

Chukiatan 95.0 5.0 5.0 0.0

Bibiour 97.0 3.0 3.0 0.0


During the survey, the reasons for migration were also probed and some of the major reasons that caused people from other areas to migrate in the targeted UCs are presented in Exhibit 2.1.5. Searching for jobs, education, bad governance and migration of relatives (bradri) are the major reasons narrated by the migrant households.

Exhibit – 2.1.5 Reasons for Migration – Percentage of Migrated Households

UC Jobs Education Food

Security

Bad Governance and Law and Order

Family Disputes

Relatives Migrated

National Disasters

Barawal 46.4 14.3 0.0 10.7 7.1 14.3 7.1

Chukiatan 14.3 19.0 1.9 6.7 7.6 27.6 24.8

Bibiour 29.9 11.9 1.5 10.4 3.0 43.3 7.5


According to Exhibit 2.1.6, about 3 percent of households reported disability of household members in the selected UCs. The exhibit also provides the type of disabilities. Major disabilities include leg problems, abnormalities and blindness.


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Exhibit – 2.1.6 Disability of Household Member– Percentage of Households

UC No Disability Type of Disabilities

Deaf Dumb Abnormal Blind Leg Hand

Barawal Bandi 96.90 0.13 0.14 0.52 0.40 1.58 0.32

Chukiatan 97.20 0.16 0.21 0.42 0.24 1.40 0.37

Bibiour 96.92 0.16 0.17 0.64 0.46 1.20 0.45


Household member‟s disability, disaggregated by gender is furnished in the Exhibit 2.1.6a, while disability statistics of children of less than 5 years are produced in the Exhibit 2.1.6b. In general, disabilities in the male population are relatively higher than the female population, while relatively fewer incidences of disabilities are reported in children of less than five age cohort. Disability related to leg and hand are relatively higher in men as compared to women; as males are in the public sphere and are more prone to accidents and mishaps. Moreover, no noticeable differences are noted in terms of disability across poor and non-poor households (not shown here).

Exhibit – 2.1.6a Disability of Household Member by Gender – Percentage of Households

UC No

Disability

Type of Disabilities


Barawal Bandi Male 96.77 0.18 0.21 0.45 0.41 1.60 0.37

Female 97.05 0.08 0.07 0.60 0.38 1.56 0.26

Chukiatan Male 96.83 0.19 0.26 0.48 0.28 1.54 0.42

Female 97.63 0.12 0.15 0.35 0.20 1.24 0.31

Bibiour Male 96.61 0.15 0.23 0.63 0.42 1.47 0.50

Female 97.29 0.18 0.10 0.66 0.50 0.88 0.39


Exhibit – 2.1.6b Disability of Children (Under 5) – Percentage of Households

UC No Disability Type of Disabilities


Barawal Bandi 98.99 0.03 0.03 0.24 0.10 0.45 0.14

Chukiatan 98.48 0.04 0.22 0.16 0.09 0.74 0.27

Bibiour 97.97 0.16 0.16 0.45 0.40 0.51 0.35


The coverage of polio vaccination and immunization against other vaccines are collated in Exhibit 2.1.7. Although the coverage of immunization pertaining to polio and other vaccines is close to 100 percent but it still requires improvement.


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2.2 Household Socioeconomic Characteristics

To represent households‟ socioeconomic status, information regarding occupation, education, adult literacy, household expenditure is tabulated in this subsection.

Occupation

The occupational nature of the labor force and the head of households are assembled in Exhibit 2.2.1 and 2.2.2, respectively. Both exhibits clearly reveal that the major occupation in the area is wage employment (mostly non-agriculture). Government employment and self-employment are also important occupational categories in the selected UCs. Both exhibits also show the extent of unemployment. About 10 to 16 percent of head of households asserted that they are currently searching for jobs, while the percentage of unemployed persons in the age cohort 15-64 years is quite high in the area. About 16, 26 and 30 percent of household adult members are searching for jobs in Barawal Bandi¸ Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs respectively. Only 4-6 percent of the workforce in Upper Dir are working as salaried employees whereas, the rest are either looking for a job or are working as daily wage earners. Underdevelopment, illiteracy and lack of law and order, all contribute towards the dismal state of employment in the targeted UCs.

Exhibit – 2.2.1 Occupation – Percentage of Population 15-64 Years

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self

Employed Agriculture

Wage Employee

Looking for a Job

Barawal Bandi

3.45 0.80 14.40 5.24 60.17 15.94

Chukiatan 4.13 1.95 4.66 3.43 59.53 26.31

Bibiour 4.37 1.71 1.73 4.24 58.17 29.78


Exhibit – 2.2.2 Occupation of Head of Household – Percentages

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for a Job

Barawal Bandi 4.71 0.62 19.64 9.29 52.66 13.07

Chukiatan 3.68 2.11 5.79 5.99 72.07 10.37

Bibiour 4.29 1.49 2.51 7.53 68.62 15.56


99 99 99 99 99 99

40

60

80

100

Barawal Chukiatan Bibiour

Exhibit – 2.1.7 Child Immunization – Less Than Five Years

(In Percentage)

All Infants Get All Vaccines All Infants Get Polio Vaccines


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Occupations reported by the head of households are further tabulated with respect to gender and household poverty status. Exhibits 2.2.2a and 2.2.2b furnish this information. It is not surprising that the incidence of female headship is very low (less than 0.5 percent) and insignificant in these archaic areas. The relevant exhibit clearly reveals that the majority of female heads reported working in the wage-employment sector followed by the government employment category. Technical and vocational trainings may further improve upon these statistics as the targeted UCs are run by traditional beliefs due to which, women feel safer working at home.

Exhibit – 2.2.2a Occupation of Head of Household By Gender – Percentages

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for a Job

Barawal Bandi

Male 4.46 0.62 19.52 9.29 52.42 13.01

Female 0.25 0.0 0.12 0.0 0.25 0.06

Chukiatan Male 3.64 2.11 5.79 5.99 71.60 10.33

Female 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.47 0.04

Bibiour Male 4.29 1.49 2.36 7.49 68.25 15.42

Female 0.0 0.0 0.15 0.04 0.36 0.15


In contrast, significant differences are observed in the choice of occupation across poor versus non-poor households. Generally, wage employment proportions are higher in poor households while the proportions of government and self-employment occupations are comparatively lower than non-poor households. As expected, the percentages of unemployed heads are generally higher in poor households.

Exhibit – 2.2.2b Occupation of Head of Household By Poverty Status – Percentages

UC Government

Employee Private

Employee Self


Wage Employee

Looking for a Job

Barawal Bandi

Non-Poor

7.10 0.71 33.66 9.38 39.77 9.38

Poor 2.86 0.55 8.79 9.23 62.64 15.93

Chukiatan

Non-Poor

6.46 1.91 10.87 9.25 64.61 6.90

Poor 2.67 2.19 3.95 4.80 74.77 11.63

Bibiour

Non-Poor

7.38 2.32 3.27 7.48 63.86 15.70

Poor 2.67 1.05 2.11 7.55 71.13 15.49


Exhibit 2.2.2c presents data on people who are currently looking for a job. It presents disaggregated data based on the age group of the respondents. Unfortunately, the percentage of uneducated and unemployed people is not significantly different from the percentage of the educated and unemployed people. Moreover, in some age groups, the percentage of educated people who are looking for a job is higher than the percentage of uneducated and unemployed labor. Initiatives related to income generating activities are a dire need for the people of UCs.


17

Exhibit – 2.2.2c Percentage Distribution of Unemployed Population by Completed Education Level

UC Age Illiterate

Primary Or

Below Primary

Above Primary

But Below Matric

Intermediate Above

Intermediate

Barawal Bandi

15-25 Years 46.26 14.29 26.53 6.46 6.46

26-49 Years 57.89 6.84 22.63 4.74 7.89

50-64 Years 94.68 2.13 3.19 0.0 0.0

Chukiatan

15-25 Years 44.62 17.98 27.56 4.2 5.64

26-49 Years 57.91 14.41 21.19 2.54 3.95

50-64 Years 95.12 1.22 3.66 0.0 0.0

Bibiour

15-25 Years 45.24 13.41 30.83 5.89 4.64

26-49 Years 44.6 12.47 28.54 6.71 7.67

50-64 Years 91.16 3.4 4.08 0.68 0.68

Education & Adult Literacy

The direct literacy (reading or writing in any language) question was not asked in the survey however, the educational status of each member is recorded. Therefore, the literacy variable is defined here as those who ever attended school as literate persons. Exhibit 2.2.3 reports the literacy status in the targeted UCs. About 32, 37 and 39 percent of the literacy rate is estimated in Barawal Bandi¸ Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs, respectively. As expected, the female literacy rate is significantly lower (almost one-third) as compared with male literacy. Female literacy rates in the selected UCs are observed in the range of 14 to 20 percent in contrast to male literacy rates of 47 to 55 percent. The reason behind this disparity is because due to traditional societal views, men are seen as the future bread winners of the family and therefore, parents feel like if they invest in their sons they will be able to reap benefits from them as they are likely to cover for their expenditures in the future. This is why they choose to educate their sons over their daughters. On the other hand, women are married off and most likely are confined to the home; therefore, girls‟ education is not considered important.


As the level of education is a constituent of the PSC and used in the estimation of household poverty status, significant differences in the adult literacy rates are expected in poor versus non-poor households. According to Exhibit 2.2.3a which reports literacy rates disaggregated by

32 47

14

37 52

19

39 54

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Overall Male Female

Percentage of Population Who Ever Attended School

Exhibit – 2.2.3 Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage)

(Population Who Ever Attended School)



18

household poverty status, literacy rates in poor households are about 10 to 15 percentage points lower than the non-poor households.

Exhibit – 2.2.3a Adult Literacy – 15 Years Plus (In Percentage)

(Population Who Ever Attended School By Household Poverty Status)


Exhibit 2.2.4 disseminates the status of school enrollment in the 5-14 age cohorts, while Exhibit 2.2.4a provides this information disaggregated by the household poverty status. Overall, about 55-56 percent of children in Barawal Bandi and Chukiatan UCs are enrolled in schools, while in Bibiour UC enrollment rate is comparatively high (67 percent). Girls enrollments are quite low (10 to 25 percent) as compared with boys. Again, as this information is used in the estimation of the household poverty status, differences in childrens‟ enrollment is expected. The incidence of childrens‟ enrollment is about 8 to 18 percent lower in poor households as compared to non-poor households.

A summary measure called the Gender Parity Index (GPI) is commonly used to assess gender differences. It is the value of an indicator for girls divided by that for boys. A value of less than one indicates differences in favor of boys whereas, a value near one indicates that parity has been more or less achieved. Exhibit 2.2.4 and Exhibit 2.2.4a also documents the prevalence in gender disparities in school enrolment for the children in primary and secondary age groups. Comparatively, lower gender disparity is observed in primary age cohorts. The coefficient of GPI is around 0.6 to 0.7 which indicates gender equity. However, the GPI magnitude for secondary age cohort ranges from 0.45 to 0.56. Slightly different results are estimated for the GPI disaggregated by the household poverty status. In general, gender disparity is lower in non-poor households. The literacy rates in all of the targeted UCs are comparatively lower than its surrounding districts. Girls‟ enrollment in schools is significantly lower than boys and requires improvement. As expected the income status of the household is positively correlated with the percentage of childrens‟ enrollment in schools.

Exhibit – 2.2.4 School Enrollments

UC

Percentage of 5-14 Years Population Who are Currently Enrolled

Gender Parity Index

Overall Boys Girls 5-9 Years 10-14 Years

Barawal Bandi 56.2 67.1 42.9 0.61 0.45

Chukiatan 55.2 65.7 42.6 0.63 0.47

Bibiour 66.5 75.3 56.2 0.74 0.56


40 56

19 27 40

12

020406080

100

Barawal Bandi

Non-Poor Poor

48 64

28 34 48

17

020406080

100

Chukiatan

Non-Poor Poor

45 62

24 36

51

18

020406080

100

Bibiour

Non-Poor Poor


19

Exhibit – 2.2.4a School Enrollments by Household Poverty Status

UC

Percentage of 5-14 Years Population Who are Currently Enrolled

Gender Parity Index

Overall Boys Girls 5-9 Years 10-14 Years

Barawal Bandi Non-Poor 69.3 75.5 60.6 0.69 0.50

Poor 51.3 63.7 37.0 0.58 0.44

Chukiatan Non-Poor 68.4 77.2 56.6 0.60 0.51

Poor 53.3 64.0 40.7 0.64 0.46

Bibiour Non-Poor 73.1 79.8 65.0 0.81 0.56

Poor 65.0 74.3 54.4 0.73 0.57


Although the major objective of the household survey was to collect information regarding the components of the PSC, a simple one-line question was also asked about the household monthly income and expenditure. Thus, Exhibit 2.2.5 which reports average expenditure portrays a crude and rough picture of household economic status. On average, per capita monthly expenditures are estimated in the range of Pakistan Rupees 2500-4600. However, it is noted that significant differences exist in poor and non-poor households in terms of per capita expenditure (Exhibit 2.2.5a).

Household Expenditure


Exhibit – 2.2.5a Reported Household Expenditure By Poverty Status– Average Pakistan Rupees

UC Monthly Expenditure

Total Per Capita

Barawal Bandi Non-Poor 32852 5431

Poor 32546 3980

Chukiatan Non-Poor 18460 3764

Poor 16963 2034

Bibiour Non-Poor 20499 4531

Poor 23026 3065


32673

17359 22145

4579 2492 3576

0

10000

20000

30000

40000


Exhibit – 2.2.5 Reported Household Expenditure– Average Pakistan Rupees

Monthly Expenditure Total Monthly Expenditure Per Capita


20

Household loans and saving habits are recorded in Exhibit 2.2.6. The exhibit clearly reveals insignificant incidence of obtaining loans from NGOs or any microfinance institution barring Chukiatan UC. About 10 percent of households obtained a loan in Chukiatan UC. Moreover, occasional forced savings and regular savings are also observed in this UC. Due to insignificant differences with respect to the household poverty status, the disaggregated loan and saving phenomenon is not tabulated here.

Exhibit – 2.2.6 Loans and Saving Habits – Percentage of Households

UC Loans Obtained Saving Reported

Did not Obtain Loans Reported Occasional Regular

Barawal Bandi 100.0 0.0 4.1 0.1

Chukiatan 90.4 9.6 11.0 9.0

Bibiour 99.4 0.6 1.6 1.1


2.3 Housing Characteristics Various features of house structures, housing services and housing conditions in the targeted UCs are put together in Exhibit 2.3.1, while the pertinent disaggregated information according to the household poverty status is furnished in Exhibit 2.3.1a. Ownership of households varies from 57 percent (Bibiour UC) to 91 percent (Chukiatan UC). Separate housing units and combined housing units both exist in the selected UCs of district. In general, proportions of poor households who reported house ownership are comparatively low in all the selected UCs. The structure of more than 70 percent of households in the selected UCs is „Kacha‟ whereas, the percentage of ‘Pucca’ house structures varies from 4 to 15 percent. As expected, proportions of „Kacha‟ house structures in poor households are relatively higher than the non-poor households. About 43, 55 and 66 percent of households in Barawal Bandi¸ Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs respectively, do not have toilet in their houses. In contrast, 18 to 29 percent of households confirmed the flush system toilet. The box system toilet is also reported by about 15 to 28 percent of households. In terms of poverty status, about 57, 63 and 74 percent of poor households do not have toilet in their house in Barawal Bandi¸ Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs, respectively. In many areas of the country, a lot of work has been done in order to improve the status of sanitation. However, a percentage of households that have a toilet in them is low in the targeted UCs, therefore focus is required in this regard. The status of water connections in the targeted UCs show a better picture than the other surveyed areas. A significant percentage of households have water connections in their houses. Other than this, Karez and Rivers/Ponds are the major sources of drinking water in Barawal Bandi and Bibiour UCs, while the government connection (inside or outside) is reported by the majority of households in Chukiatan UC. Water is also fetched from the wells by about 6 to 11 percent of households. The pattern for sources of water is however, slightly different in poor households.


21

Exhibit – 2.3.1 Housing Conditions - Percentage of Households

UCs

Barawal Bandi

Chukiatan Bibiour

Number of Households 2125 2829 3125

Ownership of Housing Unit 88.1 91.3 56.7

Number of Rooms Average 3 2 2

Sharing Condition of Housing Unit

Separate House 49.8 38.2 27.8

Combined House 37.0 41.7 43.2

Others 13.2 20.1 28.9

Condition of Housing Unit

Pucca 15.1 4.0 4.1

Kacha 71.6 87.6 74.1

Kacha-Pucca 11.8 6.4 8.5

Others 1.6 2.1 13.3

Condition of Toilets

Flash System Toilet 28.6 25.5 18.3

Box System Toilet 28.0 19.0 15.1

No Toilet in House 42.9 55.2 66.3

Others 0.6 0.3 0.4

Sources of Water

Government Connection 23.4 26.5 13.8

Well 7.3 11.2 5.9

River/Pond etc. 49.4 13.9 21.7

Hand Pump 0.1 0.3 0.1

Connection Outside House

2.8 28.0 21.9

Motor Pump 0.4 1.7 2.0

Karez 11.7 9.7 34.8

Others 5.6 10.4 0.0



22

Exhibit – 2.3.1a Housing Conditions By Poverty Status - Percentage of Households

UCs

Barawal Bandi

Chukiatan Bibiour

Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor

Number of Households 880 1245 754 2075 1095 2030

Ownership of Housing Unit 91.7 85.5 93.4 90.6 60.3 54.8

Number of Rooms Average 3 2 2 2 2 2

Sharing Condition of Housing Unit

Separate House 48.0 51.2 31.8 40.5 25.7 29.0

Combined House 41.4 33.9 48.7 39.2 46.8 41.3

Others 10.7 14.9 19.5 20.3 27.6 29.7

Condition of Housing Unit

Pucca 23.5 9.1 8.2 2.4 7.0 2.5

Kacha 61.9 78.4 77.7 91.2 70.1 76.2

Kacha-Pucca 14.0 10.3 11.4 4.6 12.1 6.6

Others 0.6 2.2 2.7 1.8 10.7 14.7

Condition of Toilets

Flash System Toilet 45.6 16.6 41.2 19.7 28.8 12.6

Box System Toilet 31.1 25.7 24.9 16.8 17.8 13.6

No Toilet in House 23.0 56.9 33.6 63.1 53.0 73.5

Others 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3

Sources of Water

Government Connection 37.7 13.3 44.4 20.0 12.7 14.4

Well 7.2 7.4 13.1 10.6 7.4 5.1

River/Pond etc. 40.7 55.5 9.8 15.4 22.7 21.1

Hand Pump 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0

Connection Outside House

3.6 2.2 18.8 31.3 18.4 23.7

Motor Pump 0.3 0.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2

Karez 6.1 15.6 7.8 10.4 37.1 33.6

Others 5.0 6.0 6.8 11.8 0.0 0.0


2.4 Household Wealth Status The household wealth in the selected UCs is represented through the ownership of households‟ durable assets, agriculture land and livestock. Exhibit 2.4.1 furnishes the extent of ownership of these assets, while Exhibit 2.4.1a furnishes the disaggregated information according to the household poverty status. The exhibit clearly reveals that very few households reported the ownership of durable assets. Very few households reported the ownership of TVs, cooking stoves and washing machines. Household disaggregation with respect to poverty status further confirms the lower incidence of asset ownership in poor households.


23

About 15 to 29 percent of households reported ownership of agricultural land. It is not surprising; the ownership of agricultural land in poor households is significantly lower as compared to non-poor households. The average ownership of land ranges in between 0.5 to 1 acres. Among the livestock, cows, hens and goats are the major categories which are reported by households in the selected UCs. About 27 to 50 percent of households reported the ownership of cows in the selected UCs of the district. Slight differences are observed across households with different poverty status.

Exhibit – 2.4.1 Household Assets

UCs


Number of Households 2125 2829 3125

Durable Assets Ownership [Percentage of Households]

Refrigerator 7.9 0.7 2.5

Cooking Range 0.5 0.1 0.1

Geyser 0.1 0.1 0.2

Freezer 0.3 0.3 0.4

Television 5.8 1.5 6.3

Motor Bike 0.1 0.0 0.2

Microwave 0.2 0.0 0.1

Heater 1.6 1.3 3.9

Cooking Stove 8.3 3.4 16.7

Car 2.4 0.7 1.6

AC 0.1 0.0 0.7

Tractor 0.2 0.0 0.3

Washing Machine 10.5 4.4 12.8

Air Cooler 0.3 0.1 0.5

Percentage of Households That Have Agricultural Land

29.2 25.6 15.4

Average Acres of Land Owned 0.56 1.77 0.92

Livestock Ownership Reported [Percentage of Households]

Bulls 4.1 1.0 3.4

Buffalos 1.0 0.8 0.9

Sheep 4.0 2.2 11.7

Cows 49.6 28.6 27.3

Goats 51.8 48.6 54.4

Hens 55.0 52.2 48.6



24

Exhibit 2.4.1a clearly suggests that the ownership of durable assets is dictated by the non-poor households; however, there is less variation in the ownership of livestock among poor and non-poor households.

Exhibit – 2.4.1a Household Assets By Poverty Status

UCs


Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor Non Poor

Poor

Number of Households 880 1245 754 2075 1095 2030

Durable Assets Ownership [Percentage of Households]

Refrigerator 13.9 3.7 2.4 0.1 5.8 0.7

Cooking Range 1.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0

Geyser 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0

Freezer 0.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.8 0.1

Television 10.9 2.2 4.6 0.4 13.9 2.3

Motor Bike 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0

Microwave 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0

Heater 3.9 0.0 4.6 0.1 10.1 0.6

Cooking Stove 12.5 5.4 8.5 1.6 30.9 9.1

Car 5.7 0.0 2.5 0.0 4.6 0.0

AC 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.1

Tractor 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0

Washing Machine 18.6 4.8 9.2 2.7 24.6 6.5

Air Cooler 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.4 0.0

Percentage of Households That Have Agricultural Land

31.0 27.9 37.4 21.3 20.6 12.6

Average Acres of Land Owned 0.69 0.45 2.22 1.48 1.09 0.77

Livestock Ownership Reported [Percentage of Households]

Bulls 4.8 3.7 0.9 1.0 4.8 2.6

Buffalos 1.8 .5 1.1 0.8 1.5 0.6

Sheep 4.1 3.9 2.4 2.1 17.5 8.6

Cows 55.0 45.9 38.6 25.0 25.9 28.0

Goats 54.3 50.0 56.4 45.7 55.0 54.1

Hens 62.3 49.8 57.4 50.3 48.4 48.7


2.5 Social Assistance and Extent of Community Mobilization During the household survey, incidence of social transfers, types of social assistance and household members‟ affiliation with the COs were probed. This section summarizes the main findings.


25

According to Exhibit 2.5.1, about 6 to 20 percent of households are receiving social assistance in the selected UCs. Most of these households reported the use of the BISP financial assistance, while very few confirmed having the benefits of health support and employment programs of BISP (Exhibit 2.5.2). Less than one percent of households are getting Zakat or Ushr from private sources in Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs, this percentage is quite high (7 percent) in Barawal Bandi UC. Interestingly, the incidence of social assistance is quite high in Barawal Bandi UC where the estimated poverty is the lowest as compared to the other two UCs. Perhaps due to efficient targeting, the proportions of poor recipients are higher than recipients of non-poor households in all UCs (Exhibit 2.5.1a). Exhibit 2.5.1 also reveals that about 1 to 6 percent of households are getting benefits from various PPAF programs. The major beneficiaries of the initiatives taken by PPAF are the poor households of Chukiatan.

Exhibit – 2.5.1a Social Transfers By Poverty Status

UC Households Receiving

Social Assistance Households who Benefitted

from PPAF Programs

Barawal Bandi Non-Poor 6.1 0.2

Poor 14.3 0.3

Chukiatan Non-Poor 1.8 1.5

Poor 4.5 4.8

Bibiour Non-Poor 1.5 0.3

Poor 4.0 1.5


Exhibit – 2.5.2 Types of Social Assistance - Percentage of Households

UC BISP Support Programs

Zakat /Ushr

Financial Health Employment Education

Barawal Bandi 11.4 2.6 1.5 0.0 6.6

Chukiatan 3.9 .1 1.3 0.3 0.7

Bibiour 4.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3


20

6 6

1

6

2

0

5

10

15

20

25


Exhibit – 2.5.1 Social Transfers (In Percentage)

Receiving Social Assistance Benefitted from PPAF Programs


26

A general question regarding the various development schemes in the area was also included in the household questionnaire. Exhibit 2.5.3 furnishes the percentage of households who confirmed to getting benefits from specific development schemes. Although the majority of households denied having benefits from any development schemes in the selected UCs, water supply and construction of paved road are somewhat visible.

Exhibit – 2.5.3 Households Who Benefited from Development Schemes – Percentages

UC Water Supply

Paved Roads

Paved Streets

Sewerage System

Bridges No

Schemes

Barawal Bandi 8.6 8.4 1.4 0.2 1.6 76.9

Chukiatan 4.9 8.0 6.7 0.2 11.9 63.1

Bibiour 8.6 8.5 10.8 0.5 16.4 56.6


Very few households reported the membership of COs in the selected UCs (Exhibit 2.5.4), especially in Barawal Bandi and Bibiour UCs. However, 11 and 6 percent of male and female members in Chukiatan UC confirmed the membership of COs. About 1 to 16 percent of households confirmed the participation of members (both male and female) in community management training (Exhibit 2.5.5). Participation in technical or professional training programs is also verified by about 1 percent of households.

Exhibit – 2.5.4 Households Who Reported Affiliation with Community Organization - Percentages

UC Male As Female As

Member Manager President Member Manager President

Barawal Bandi 0.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Chukiatan 10.71 0.88 0.32 6.26 0.67 0.18

Bibiour 1.41 0.19 0.10 1.02 0.16 0.06


Exhibit – 2.5.5 Training of Household Member – Percentage of Households

UC

Members Acquired Community Management Training

Members Acquired Professional /Technical

Training Male Female

Barawal Bandi 0.42 0.56 0.99

Chukiatan 6.04 5.59 0.92

Bibiour 16.13 16.16 1.22



27

2.6 Media Habits A separate module regarding the media habits of the population was administered to the selected households in the targeted UCs. Routines and practices regarding listening to the radio, watching TV, reading newspapers and magazines and using the computer, the internet and mobile phones was asked. This information is summarized in Exhibits 2.6.1 through 2.6.4. The majority of households (about 81, 75 and 12 percent in Barawal Bandi, Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs, respectively) listens to the radio for two hours daily during the evening and night preferably. Favorite channels in the selected UCs include Radio Pakistan, Deo Radio, Voice of America Urdu Service, FM 100, FM 88 and Aap Ki Dunya (Exhibit 2.6.1).

Exhibit – 2.6.1

Media Habits – Listening to the Radio

UC


Percentage of Household Who Listen Radio 81.25 74.49 63.11

Radio Channels *

FM 88 4.69 7.14 0.97

BBC 6.25 25.51 19.42

Deo Radio 14.06 64.29 4.85

Voice of America 0.0 16.33 33.01

Radio Pakistan 9.38 11.22 3.88

FM Rokhan 7.03 2.04 1.94

FM 106.2 4.69 9.18 22.33

Aap Ki Dunya 13.28 4.08 0.97

FM 96 4.69 0.0 0.0

FM 101 3.13 1.02 18.45

FM 92 7.03 1.02 5.83

FM 97 Chitral 7.81 0.0 0.0

FM 100 11.72 0.0 0.97

FM 99 8.59 0.0 3.88

FM 108.5 10.16 0.0 0.0

FM 102 5.47 0.0 0.0

Monthly Frequency of Listening to the Radio 15 25 30

Average Daily Hours – Listening to the Radio 2 2 2

Listening Time

Night 19.53 11.22 47.57

Evening 44.53 41.84 4.85

Morning 0.0 3.06 2.91

Afternoon 0.78 1.02 4.85

Morning/Evening 11.72 12.24 0.0

Morning/Night 1.56 5.10 1.94

* Multiple Response Variables


28

Exhibit 2.6.2 reveals information regarding watching TV in the selected UCs. About 91, 19 and 50 percent of households watch TV for almost 3-5 hours in the evening and night in Barawal Bandi, Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs, respectively. The favorite TV channels are GEO, PTV, ARY, Sports and Khyber News.

Exhibit – 2.6.2 Media Habits – Watching TV

UC


Percentage of Households That Watch TV 91.41 19.39 49.51

TV Channels *

GEO 56.25 3.06 30.10

PTV 23.44 18.37 10.68

ARY 46.88 3.06 12.62

Sports 58.59 2.04 11.65

AVT-Khyber 5.47 0.0 0.0

Khyber News 18.75 5.10 16.50

BBC 0.0 0.0 2.91

Express 0.78 0.0 0.0

Samaa 11.72 0.0 6.80

PTV Home 3.13 0.0 0.0

Star 11.72 0.0 1.94

Dawn News 10.16 0.0 0.97

Aaj 2.34 0.0 0.0

GEO Tez 0.0 0.0 1.94

Monthly Frequency of Watching TV 15 15 30

Average Daily Hours – Watching TV 3 1 5

Time for Watching TV

Night 49.22 2.04 37.86

Evening 22.66 9.18 2.91

Morning 3.91 0.0 5.83

Afternoon 0.78 5.10 0.97

Morning/Evening 10.94 2.04 0.0

Morning/Night 2.34 0.0 0.0

Evening/Night 0.78 0.0 0.97


Newspapers are read in more than 80 percent of households in the selected UCs of the district. Favorite Urdu newspapers include Mashriq, Aaj and Khabren; while Dawn is the favorite in English newspapers (Exhibit 2.6.3). Moreover, a magazine reading habit is observed noticeably in Barawal Bandi and Bibiour UCs (Exhibit 2.6.4).


29

Exhibit – 2.6.3 Media Habits – Newspaper Reading

UC


Percentage of Household Who Read Newspapers

28.23 33.31 35.25

Language*

Urdu 96.88 83.67 93.20

English 14.84 0.0 3.88

Khora 3.91 0.0 0.97

Newspaper *

Mashriq 74.22 70.41 68.93

Aaj 45.31 65.31 69.90

Express 7.03 12.24 32.04

Khabren 22.66 0.0 2.91

Nai Baat 4.69 25.51 2.91

Dawn 7.81 0.0 7.77

Jang 6.25 1.02 1.94

Aain 0.0 0.0 14.56


Exhibit – 2.6.4

Media Habits – Reading Magazine

UC


Percentage of Household Who Read Magazines 14.56 18.87 21.11

Language*

Urdu 80.47 13.27 43.69

English 7.81 0.0 0.0

Pushto 3.13 0.0 0.0

Magazines*

Mashriq 28.91 5.10 28.16

Sunday Magazine 15.63 0.0 3.88

Akhbar-e-Jehan 16.41 5.10 2.91

Khel 0.0 1.02 0.0

Sachi Kahanian 0.78 0.0 1.94

Roomanvi 7.81 0.0 1.94

Aaj 14.84 0.0 1.94

The News 9.38 0.0 2.91

Phool Magazine 7.03 0.0 0.0

Bazm e Shaheen 3.91 0.0 0.97



30

According to Exhibit 2.6.5, about 67, 9 and 21 percent of households use computers in Barawal Bandi, Chukiatan and Bibiour UCs, respectively. The corresponding percentages for using the internet are 62, 9 and 18 percent. The incidence of using mobile phones is almost universal; more than 92 percent of households reported the use of mobile phones. Similarly, more than 90 percent of mobile phone users engage in conversation through text messaging.

Exhibit – 2.6.5 Media Habits – Computer, Internet and Mobile

UC


Percentage of Households That Use Computers 67.19 9.18 21.36

Percentage of Household That Use The Internet 62.50 9.18 18.45

Average Daily Hours - Internet 3 1 2

Percentage of Household That Use Mobile Phones

96.09 92.86 98.06

Percentage of Household That Use Mobile Phones for Text Messaging

88.28 90.82 97.09

Exhibit 2.6.6 reports households‟ perception regarding the most reliable sources of information. Newspapers and TV are perceived as most reliable sources of information in the selected UCs of the district. However, the most popular source of getting information is community meetings and community theaters.

Exhibit – 2.6.6 Media Habits – Household Perception Regarding Source of Information

UC


Reliable Sources:

Radio 2.34 25.51 13.59

Newspapers 39.06 51.02 65.05

TV 31.25 10.20 5.83

Friends 0.78 2.04 1.94

Relatives 0.0 1.02 4.85

Religious Leaders 0.78 1.02 7.77

Teachers 13.28 0.0 0.97

Popular Sources:

Community Meetings 14.84 96.94 94.12

Musical Theater 28.91 0.0 1.68

Community Theater 56.25 1.02 4.20


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3.0 Community Profile Most of the work force in the three UCs belongs to the agricultural sector. Some are engaged in the trade and transport sector while most of the remaining are daily wagers. Mixed views are present in the target UCs pertaining to the growth and development of the area in the last five years. While people in Barawal Bandi and Chukiatan felt no change has occurred in the last five years, people in Bibiour reported positive developments. The positive developments were mainly accredited to the good law and order situation where access to justice was provided to all citizens. Other than this, startup of some new development projects, low inflation rates and decent coverage of social institutions in Bibiour were also cited as developments that instigated positivity in the area. The other two UCs, on the other hand, blamed natural calamities such as floods, damages caused by terrorism and lack of education and health facilities as the prime reasons for thwarted growth in the past five years. Other than these, wastage of crops due to pesticides, decrease in prices of agricultural produce sold and less than satisfactory state of public services such as schools, hospitals and water were some of the other problems that caused distress in the lives of the people living in these UCs. In order to stay afloat people used a wide range of techniques. Some increased their savings, some sold their livestock, some started a different business, some started working as daily wagers other than on farming lands while some relied on support from social institutions. Those few who believed that conditions have indeed improved over the years were of the belief that road networks and water channels have improved. New development projects have kick started and as a result of this, new employment opportunities have been created. However, it was reported that the lack of education, increasing population and depleting resources is making the job market tougher each passing year.

3.1 Tribes KP is rich in its tribal culture where the history of some of its tribes dates back centuries.

Union Council Major Tribes Most Powerful

Barawal Bandi Akhun Khel, Bahadur Shah Khel, Mashwani, Salazai, Sawati, Shawani, Tajik and Wirdat

Tajik, Bahadur Shah Khel and Mashwani

Bibiour Akhun Khel, Katni , Khanan, Murhat, , Painda Khel, Sayadan, Sultan Khel, and Wirdak

Akhun Khel, Painda Khel and Wirdak

Chukiatan Akhun Khel, Gujar, Katni, Malizai, Paind Khel, Swati, Wirdak and Yousufzai

Swati, Gujar and Wirdak

3.2 Conflicts Unfortunately, many of these areas are embedded in conflict and cannot seem to get away from it. Conflict infiltrates every aspect of these particular localities, whether it is political conflict or personal conflict. Contention over wealth, property, theft, children, marrying someone out of choice, business and domestic disputes seem to be conflicts that affect every individual in these communities. These are institutions that create conflict and have a domino effect on all the others. One of the major reasons cited for conflict among these communities was land and

To gauge the existing state of affairs in the

proposed districts, two methods were used. In

the first place, FGDs were conducted with the local

residents of each UC and, secondly, information was extracted from the Union

Council (UC) Profile Questionnaires that was conducted with people

residing in the proposed UC who were deemed as

informative and knowledgeable about the

social climate of their area.


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its ownership. People often seize each other‟s land and claim it as their own, due to lack of accountability and proper title deeds, there is no way of knowing who the real owner of the property is and hence, disputes happen. Domestic disagreements that range from inheritance to arguments between husbands and wives to sports, sometimes these are arguments are resolved within the involved parties; however, often they are not. While some of these issues may seem petty, these conflicts have an undercurrent tension because people are from different tribes. Issues that are minor often become an issue that the whole tribe has to deal with. Bigger issues like marrying someone of your own choice are personal and cultural, these often tear families apart. For some girls, this road leads down a dangerous path because the outcome of wanting to marry someone of your own choice is honor killing. Conflict Resolution: Most conflicts and disagreements in all of the targeted UCs are resolved through informal justice systems such as jirgas. These systems are comprised of tribal elders and leaders who are the main decision makers. There is no form of formal justice system within the area even if there are, they are not implemented. Informal justice systems often create further conflict within the community; however, because they are the only form of legal system available to the community, they are heavily used. Jirgas are deemed preferable by most people in poor areas as it provides quick and low cost justice. Elders of the tribe are usually involved for solving disputes that are of a less disturbing nature, however, for disputes that are of severe nature such as deciphering the rightful owner of a particular asset, a local jirga is preferred. If none of the aforementioned proves to be effective, as a last resort, legal channels are pursued and the matter is finally taken into police stations and courts.

3.3 IDPs Given the security tension prevailing, many people are forced to leave their homes due to instability or lack of resources necessary for a livelihood. The district has also faced migration of people from other areas due to natural calamities. These Internally displaced persons have no choice but to spread around in the nearby areas for the sole purpose of survival. The indigenous residents of Upper Dir however find these people helpful in terms of employment. They get to work with new people and most of them, coming from Afghan areas, bring their culture which adds diversity which they believe enriches their culture. Chukiatan and Barawal Bandi reported the presence of IDPs. People said that Upper Dir does not mind playing host to people in trouble implying that the area and its people are hospitable. However, an increase in disputes and crimes has been reported due to the extensive migration of people into the area. Moreover, the environment is also becoming more polluted due to the influx of people.

3.4 Child Vaccination Concerns regarding vaccinating children against polio or immunizing them against other diseases in these UCs are minimal. According to the primary data collected, children are both vaccinated and immunized properly against polio and other deadly viruses in general. However, in some areas issues like lack of education, negative propaganda against vaccinations and immunizations, lack of hospital employees, poor transportation services and family issues, the immunization process is stymied.

3.5 Environmental Analysis All of the targeted UCs faced the brunt of various natural calamities in the past 10 years. These natural disasters wiped out crops and brought an end to a lot of people‟s livelihoods. Upper Dir faces many environmental challenges such as floods, rain and storms. Disinterest from the government over environmental issues compounds upon the problem as there are no safety nets available or protocols in place to not only protect the people but also their crops.


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Almost 20, 30 and 40 percent of the land in Chukiatan, Barawal Bandi and Bibiour, respectively, is covered in forest area. Unfortunately, the forest covered area is decreasing over time and adequate measures are not being taken in order to curb this issue. People are extensively cutting trees to earn their livelihoods and fulfill their energy requirements. The absence of a supply of natural gas in a lot of areas adds to this problem as wood becomes a substitute of natural gas. Also, more houses are built every year due to the increase in population. Poverty and unemployment adds to the problem as those facing financial constraints use wood as a measure of earning their livelihood. Deforestation ultimately results into a higher number of landslides. Continuous droughts in the area are also causing damage to the forest areas. There are also many infrastructural issues such as stagnant water on the roads or barriers placed on roads. Proper infrastructure for water and sanitation is not present in this UC. Proper drainage systems are hardly found anywhere. Waste gets flooded away in the streams (nadi/nalas) and sometimes, people have to clean the waste themselves. These cause great inconveniences within the community as stagnant water can lead to many water-borne diseases. They also litter and dump rubbish in the open fields themselves, as a proper system at the grass root level is missing.

3.6 Crime Apart from Chukiatan, a majority of the people from the other two UCs reported a decrease in the crime rate over the years. An improved measure of policing was the major factor accredited to this positive development. It was reported that the police has been fairly active over the past few years and have been treating people nicely. Moreover, it was cited that the police do not accept bribery in these areas, due to which people have learned to adhere to the laws. The law and order situation in Chukiatan is quite similar to the other areas of the country. Lack of education, unemployment, poverty, an individualistic approach and poor performance of law enforcement agencies has further increased the crime rates in the last 10 years. Theft, dacoity, murder, payment of protected money and illegal seizure of wealth and assets are some of the crimes that are rampant in these UCs.

3.7 Gender

Societal norms in these UCs and Upper Dir district in general is very traditional and conservative, holding strong to the popular value system deriving its basic principles from religion. The concepts of shame, honor, hospitality, gender segregation and Purdah are predominant within local communities. Traditional division of labor is obvious; women generally manage domestic life whereas the male members of the family are responsible for earning a living and representing the family at the communal level. Mobility of women stands as another important hurdle as it continues to stall gender equality and women‟s empowerment. Apart from facing difficulties in going to schools and colleges they are not even allowed to visit police stations and jirgas. Permission from the male members of the household, especially from the husband, is an absolute necessity for women to go out of their houses and visit places. Farming is usually carried out by men, where women assist them. The women‟s work is limited to crop sowing and harvesting but they are still responsible for managing the upkeep of their households and are expected to take care of the children. Women‟s role in crop and livestock management is often ignored and overlooked. Women of Upper Dir and its selected UCs are as vulnerable as of any other district in KP and face societal norms and pressures.


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3.8 Financial Institutions The following financial institutions are present in the target UCs of the district.

Barawal Bandi Habib Bank Limited

Bibiour United Bank Limited

Chukiatan No Banks

3.9 Community Problems and Priorities for Development A number of community issues enfold the socio-economic environment of Barawal Bandi, Bibiour and Chukiatan. Based on the FGDs conducted in these UCs, the community identified a number of problems prevalent and areas which require immediate attention. 3.9.1 A Snapshot of Community Issues and

Development Needs The issues that the communities are facing and its possible solutions at each UC were obtained from the FGDs and are mentioned in the table below.

UC Community Issues Community Needs

Barawal Bandi

Men: Unemployment, safe water, sanitation, improper road networks, education and health.

Women: Financial constraints, lack of skills, education and health.

Boys: Lack of technical and vocational centers, education and health. Moreover, inadequate opportunities to participate in extra-curricular activities were cited as another problem of young boys.

Girls: Lack of education and health, backward customs and traditions of the tribes.

Building schools and colleges, especially for girls.

Building BHUs and hospitals.

Infrastructural development, especially new building new roads.

Facilitating agricultural activities.

Providing opportunities for business to run smoothly.

Bibiour

Men: Unemployment, safe water, sanitation, improper road networks, education and health.

Women: Financial constraints, lack of skills, education and health.

Boys: Lack of technical and vocational centers, education, health and inadequate opportunities to participate in extra-curricular activities

Girls: Lack of education, health and backward customs and traditions of the tribes.

Access to basic facilities such as water requires amelioration.

More opportunities should be provided to the boys and girls of the area in the field of education.

More opportunities should be provided to the young boys and girls to participate in extra-curricular activities.


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UC Community Issues Community Needs

Chukiatan

Men: Education and health of themselves and their children, especially their daughters

Boys: lack of educational institutes and playgrounds.

Women: lack of technical and vocational centers, middle schools, high schools and Basic Health Units (BHUs).

Girls: lack of technical and vocational centers, middle schools, high schools and BHUs.

Proper channels for safe drinking water should be established.

More middle schools and high schools are required for both boys and girls.

BHUs, playgrounds and graveyards are scarce in the district and require scaling up.

Measures should be taken to conserve local resources that are depleting over time.

3.9.2 Details of Community Issues and Development Needs Based on the FGDs conducted in these UCs, there are several areas that require immediate attention. Mentioned below are some of the key areas that people believe the government and social institutions should focus on. A number of community issues enfold the socio-economic environment of Barawal Bandi, Bibiour and Chukiatan. The community needs and priorities for development in each of the proposed UC are mentioned below. Community Issues: Scarcity of Safe, Drinking Water: One of the infrastructural issues pertains to the access of safe, drinking water. Although the percentage of water connections in the targeted UCs is higher as compared to other surveyed areas but still a lot of people are forced to utilize dirty and unsafe water that leads to diseases and viruses. Lack of safe drinking water is not only an infrastructural issue but also a health issue. Water borne diseases like malaria and dengue are caused by unsafe drinking water. This also bleeds into the issue of hygiene; many of the health related issues that people face within these communities can be eradicated through better hygienic practices as well as access to safe, clean drinking water. Lack of Access to Education: One of the other major issues is the lack of education that affects the overall personality of the people and also limits their income earning opportunities. Often, there are schools present within the area and children are unable to reach there due to familial barriers or security barriers. Many parents will only send their daughters to an all-girls school as they deem it to be safer. However, it could also mean that there aren‟t any schools present at all within the area. A lot of people in the selected UCs are uneducated and do not possess any skill. This is a major impediment for them towards earning a decent livelihood. Without education or skill, people will not be able to gain employment and will therefore, remain in poverty. Insufficient Availability of Health Facilities and Services: Unsatisfactory state of medical facilities, which include BHUs, clinics and dispensaries, is another major cause of concern for the people. A lot of these facilities are often not nearby and people have to travel long distances to avail medical treatment. There is a lack of female staff in these facilities, which puts women of these backward areas into an awkward situation. Missing Road Networks: Other infrastructural developments that are missing are road networks. A lot of road in Barawal Bandi and Bibiour require repair work. The lack of road networks and its unsatisfactory state causes isolation from urban markets, individuals‟ inability to get their produce to the markets as well as general mobility. Bad roads also hinder the arrival of aid in times of need and this further devastates the community.


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Gender Issues: As in most tribal belts of the country, women‟s mobility is a serious issue in the targeted UCs of Upper Dir as well. Women are also burdened with unnecessary restrictions, some of which are imposed by the society whereas; some are imposed by the family itself. Women face the problem of being left out on all key decisions made within the family and the society. They also face serious financial constraints as they lack education and do not have a proper understanding of their rights, resultantly; they hardly inherit their due share. Women are hardly allowed to work, which limits their income earning opportunities and keep them financially deprived. The few women that work also have to hand over some part or the whole amount of their earnings to their husbands. Shortage of Business Opportunities: The backwards society, lack of development initiatives, illiteracy and political instability affect business opportunities. Business investments within Barawal Bandi and Chukiatan are nonexistent whereas some areas do not even have the presence of a commercial bank. Microfinance institutions are also limited which affects the poor people significantly. Lack of Recreational Activities: Children in all selected UCs of Barawal Bandi and Chukiatan complained that they do not have the opportunity to do anything other than their usual routine, which is hardly in line with what children of urban areas do. Some of them do not go to schools, a lot of them work with their families on the fields and a lot of them independently work in local hotels and restaurants. Children are in dire need of mental relaxation for which they do not see any outlet. Engaging in extracurricular activities is important for personal growth as well as health. Shortfall of Technical and Vocational Training Centers: Another issue is an insufficient supply of technical and vocational centers within Chukiatan; these centers will disseminate skills that will help people find or gain employment. Community Needs: Construction of Infrastructure: Infrastructural development seems to be high on the list as construction of schools and colleges as well as health facilities are dire needs that have to be met. Among the health facilities people reiterated the need for developing new clinics, dispensaries and clinics and at the same time hone the existing ones. Also, female staff should be trained and deployed at these facilities to attend female patients. Most of the existing health facilities lack quality and are using outdated apparatus. Also, trainings are required for the staff of these medical facilities as the existing staff lacks quality. The selected UCs also requires construction of new schools for both boys and girls. There is a particular need for building girls‟ schools and colleges so that parents feel secure in sending their children to school. Training of teachers is required to enhance the quality of the existing schools. At the grass root level construction of water connections is also needed. Play grounds should be constructed for young children and sporting activities should be organized in them. Also, extracurricular activities should be arranged in the schools to make education more enjoyable. Dissemination of Technical and Vocational Trainings: Technical and vocational trainings should be provided to the community members to increase their income earning opportunities.


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This is a way for people to immerse themselves into productive work that will benefit them greatly throughout their life. Alongside construction of these centers, there also needs to be availability of competent trainers who can best pass down information to people. Implementation of Awareness Raising Campaigns: Awareness raising campaigns are also a requirement that needs to be met, particularly for women‟s rights. However, the best way to tackle this will be through education and socialization of individuals. Awareness campaigns about health and sanitation are also vital. Investment of Microfinance Institutions: Microfinance should be provided to people on minimal or no interest at all, particularly in Barawal Bandi. This will help them in getting out of their poverty cycle and at the same time it may help them in establishing small businesses.


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4.0 Community Institutions During the survey it was observed that the community institutions present at the grass root level are either following a three tier structure or a two tier structure. Since PPAF was the architect of LSOs hence, in UCs where PPAF has interventions, a three tier structure is present. This structure involves LSOs, COs and VOs working under the Development Institute/ Partner Organizations (POs). However, in other areas two tier structure is found in which LSOs are not present and development institute are directly dealing with the VOs and COs.

4.1 Community Institutions of the People People hold mixed views when it comes to the performance of the social sector. Some of the people are not satisfied with the performance of local development institutes whereas; there are some who are pleased with their performance. They believe that only a few development institutes have been working efficiently. The following development Institutes are working in the three targets UCs of Upper Dir. It seems that for the most part, people were not satisfied by the performance of the NGOs. People feel that such institutions only benefit those who have influence or those who have money, ignoring the majority of people. Following is a list of the development institutes within the three target UCs:

UC Development Institute

Barawal Bandi SRSP Acted

Bibiour SRSP ABKT Sungi NCHD

Chukiatan SRSP ABKT DADO SEEDS

Details of the community institutions present in Upper Dir are mentioned below: National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) NCHD was established by the Government of Pakistan in 2002 with the purpose to promote and expand human development efforts in the country. For the last 13 years NCHD has made continuous efforts to promote literacy in 134 districts of Pakistan. The organization has a network of almost 100 Human Development Support Units across the country. The list of partners of NCHD is enormous and contains donors belonging to a wide range of sectors. From the United Nations (UN) Agencies to commercial banks to telecommunication companies to oil companies there is a whole gamut of private and public owned companies that support NCHD. Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP) The foundation of SRSP was laid back in 1989. It was set up as a non-profit organization to cater to the needs of KP (then named Sarhad) and FATA. It is an intermediary organization which connects the donors with the communities working at the grass root level. SRSP follows the Rural Support Program (RSP) approach to improve the livelihoods of the people. Over the years, SRSP has been funded by the government, international NGOs and donor agencies. Some of the notable donors include PPAF, Department for International Development (DFID), Netherlands Organization for International Development Cooperation (NOVIB), Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Program (RWSSP), Education Sector Reforms Assistance (ESRA) and the UN agencies. The major service sectors of SRSP are institutional development, livelihoods and development of linkages, within which programs initiated by SRSP include social mobilization and local governance,


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community enabling infrastructure, humanitarian program, financial services, human resource development and vocational trainings, gender development and value chain and enterprise development. Association for Behavior and Knowledge Transformation (ABKT) ABKT is a not for profit organization that works at the provincial level in KP, FATA and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA). It has its head office in Islamabad while it has 4 field offices in Malakand, Swat, Lower Dir and Upper Dir. The organization has been involved in activities pertaining to poverty alleviation, social and behavioral transformation, peace and harmony, human rights assurance, environmental conservation, emergency relief work, disaster risk management and human and institutional development with a special emphasis on women and marginalized communities. ABKT prefers to use the participatory approach as its mode of operation. Over the years it has partnered with social workers, local leaders and national and international organizations to initiate and complete its activities. Some of ABKT‟s major donors include UNDP, British High Commission, Provincial Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), World Health Organization (WHO), BISP, Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan (LJCP) and The Fund for Global Human Rights. Dir Area Development Organization (DADO) DADO was established back in 1998. It is a local not for profit organization that works on the district level in Upper Dir. The organization has around 3 offices, 25 paid workers and 10 social workers. With the help of its 70 VOs and 50 Women Organizations (WOs) it has catered more than 0.8 million people in the last 17 years. This organization works with poor and ultra-poor women, men and children. Education, health, poverty, human rights, women rights, rural development and environment are some of the sectors that DADO works in. Other than these it also aids in providing vocational skills. Over the years, DADO has been funded by the local government, provincial government, World Bank, USAID, AUSAID, DFID, UNDP, Anti-Narcotics Force (ANF), National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Trust for Voluntary Organizations (TVO), South Asia Partnership Pakistan (SAP-PK) and Strengthening Participatory Organization (SPO). The organization uses both social mobilization and direct intervention as modus operandi. Sungi Development Foundation Sungi Development Organization was established in 1989 as a NGO. The organization is mainly involved in doing advocacy for the poor and marginalized communities. The organization in its rich history has advocated for; human rights (women, children and minorities); transparency and accountability of institutions; improving service delivery at local level; sustainable agriculture and food security; promoting community based disaster risk reduction; and displacements. Sungi was able to do the aforementioned due the many well reputed donors of it, which include PPAF, UKAID, OXFAM, Norwegian Church Aid, Sight Savers and Trust for Democratic Education and Accountability. ACTED ACTED (Act for change) is an International NGO that was established in 1993 and is currently operating in 35 countries. ACTED focuses on a variety of social areas that include emergency relief, food security, health promotion, education and training, economic development, microfinance, advocacy, institutional support, regional dialogue and cultural promotion. In Pakistan ACTED mainly focuses on its emergency relief programs for the millions of IDPs that had to vacate their native areas due to natural calamities or military operation. Its partners in 2013 included, Concern Worldwide, Concern Rapid Fund (CRF), Development Alternatives Inc.


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(DAI). DFID, Europe Aid, European Commission Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO), International Organization for Migration (IOM), Japanese Embassy, Office of foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), World Food Programme (WFP). Social Efforts for Education and Development (SEED) Social Efforts for Education and Development (SEED) is a Peshawar based not-for-profit organization that was established in 2004. The key thematic areas of SEED include education, health and hygiene, livelihood development, disaster management, skill development, advocacy and awareness raising and rights protection. Poor, women and disabled are the major beneficiaries of this organization. SEED is mainly funded by USAID, AHAN, UNHCR, Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe and UNICEF.

4.2 Community Institutions of the People

This section presents the details of the community institutions that were surveyed in each of the proposed UC separately.

4.2.1 Chukiatan LSO Chukiatan Enterprise Development Organization (CEDO) is the LSO that works in Chukiatan. It was established in 2011 by SRSP. The LSO has a total of 11 VOs and 84 COs that work under its umbrella. Out of these, 3 are female VOs and 30 are WOs. CEDO has so far worked in sectors related to health, education, livelihoods, agriculture and infrastructure for which it has collaborated with SRSP, Disaster Assistance Support Program (DASP) and DTCE.

Name Year of

Establishment VOs COs WOs Previous Work Donors / Partners

CEDO 2011 11 84 33

Health, Education,

Livelihoods, Agriculture

& Infrastructure

SRSP

VOs Most of the VOs that were surveyed during this project were based in small towns and, therefore, have smaller number of sub-organizations. All of the surveyed VOs were formed during 2010 by SRSP and have an average work experience of 5 years. Their projects have been funded by SRSP and DTCE for projects pertaining welfare work, education and infrastructure development.

# Name of VO Formed In COs WOs Previous Work

1 Jablook 2010 12 1 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

2 Chukiatan 2010 8 1 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

3 Falahi Tanzeem

Ghundakay 2010 5 1 Welfare Activities, Education , Infrastructure

4 Kotkay 2010 6 1 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

5 Bandi Khwer

Organization 2010 5 1 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure


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COs On average the COs surveyed for this project were built 5 years ago. Each CO is comprised of 22 members on average. All of the surveyed COs were formed by SRSP. During the survey, the COs reported having worked in infrastructure development, education and welfare activities. The surveyed COs reported having worked with SRSP and DTCE.

# Name of CO Formed In Members Previous Work

1 Mehranabad Nawoo 2010 24 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

2 Zaman Colony 2009 23 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

3 Khandokass 2010 20 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

4 Kochkal Bala 2010 20 Welfare Activities

5 Girgat Payen 2010 20 Welfare Activities

6 Bandikhwer Payen 2010 22 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

7 Bandikhwr Bala 2010 22 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure.

8 Girgat Kandaw 2010 24 Welfare Activities

9 Ghundakay 2010 23 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

10 Dherai Jablook 2010 26 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

11 Kotkai Payen 2010 24 Welfare Activities

12 Gulibagh 2010 22 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructures

13 Tajak Abad 2010 21 Welfare Activities

14 Tangai Payen 2010 22 Welfare Activities

4.2.2 Barawal Bandi LSO LSO is not present in the UC at the moment, however, it was reported by the members of the COs and VOs that the process of forming the LSO is underway and it will be formed soon. VOs All of the surveyed VOs were formed in or after 2010 by the people of the village themselves. On average, the surveyed VOs have 26 COs and a working experience of two and a half years. The surveyed VOs in Barawal Bandi have been so far funded by SRSP, DTCE and Khwendo Kor (KK). The VOs have so far worked in sectors related to social welfare, education and infrastructure development. The details of the VOs are mentioned below in the table:

# Name of VO Formed In Formed By COs Previous Work

1 Barawal Welfare

Organization 2013 Village People 8

Social Welfare, Education

& infrastructures

2 Falahi Tanzeem Zoor Mandi

2015 Village People 4 Social Welfare

3 Kher Khegara Falahi Tanzeem

2010 DTCE 5 Social Welfare, Education

& infrastructure

4 Falahi Tanzeem Barawal 2010 DTCE 4 Social Welfare

5 Falahi Tanzeem Nawra 2015 KK 5 Social Welfare


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COs COs in Barawal Bandi have an average experience of 2 years. Each CO is comprised of 20 members on average. All of the surveyed COs were formed by SRSP by mobilizing the people of the community. During the survey, the COs reported having worked in infrastructure development education and social welfare. They also said that so far they have only worked with their partner organization i.e. SRSP.


1 Shahi Bagh Welfare Organization 2013 24 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

2 Ghurejo Welfare Organization 2013 20 Social Welfare & Education

3 Falahi Tanzeem Satara 2013 20 Social Welfare

4 Falahi Tanzem Medan Khwar 2013 20 Social Welfare

5 Falahi Tanzeem Gull Dhery 2013 20 Social Welfare

6 Falahi Tanzeem Bala Bandi 2013 20 Social Welfare

7 Falahi Tanzeem Baba Sahib

Cham 2013 20

Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

8 Falahi Tanzeem Puli Baba 2013 20 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

9 Flahi tanzeem Tekar Kot 2013 20 Social Welfare

10 Flahi tanzeem Marano 2013 20 Social Welfare

4.2.3 Bibiour

The community institutions in Bibiour follow a two tier structure in which the LSO is missing and COs and VOs directly work with the development institutes.

VOs

The people of the villages with the help of SRSP developed VOs in Bibiour. On average, each surveyed VO comprises of 3-4 COs. The surveyed VOs have almost 5 years of experience during which they have worked in sectors that include; education, social welfare and infrastructure development. Important information regarding the VOs is mentioned below:

# Name of VO Formed In COs Previous Work

1 Jumat Cham 2010 4 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

2 Feroz Khan Cham 2010 4 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

3 Feroz Khan Cham Khwendo

Kor 2010 3 Welfare Activities, Education & Infrastructure

4 Khanabad Welfare 2015 3 Water Supply & Education

COs The CO comprises of 20 members and has 4 and half years of experience on average. All of the COs were formed by SRSP. During the survey, the COs reported having worked in


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infrastructure development education and social welfare. The COs have only worked with their partner organization (SRSP) so far.


1 Sahara Falahi Tanzeem 2010 20 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

2 Awami Falahi Tanzeem Jumat Cham Bala

2010 20 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

3 Sayale Falahi Tanzeem 2010 20 Social Welfare

4 Alkher Falahi Tanzem 2010 22 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructures.

5 Saya traqyati&Falahi Tanzeem 2010 20 Social Welfare

6 Islahi Traqyati Tanzeem Bedar Bala 2010 20 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

7 Traqyati Tanzeem Bedar Payen 2010 20 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

8 Wafa Falahi Tanzeem 2010 20 Social Welfare, Education &

Infrastructure

9 Flahi tanzeem Cham Seel Kass 2010 20 Social Welfare

10 Ranzra Falahi Tanzeem 2010 20 Welfare Activities

11 Dehi Tanzeem Feroz Khan Cham 2012 20 Welfare Activities, Education &

Infrastructure

12 Sahara Tanzeem Ferozkhan Cham Bala

2012 20 Welfare Activities, Education &

Infrastructure

13 Zanana Tanzeem Jumat Cham 2012 20 Welfare Activities, Education &

Infrastructure

Summary of Community Institutions The community institutions are present in all of the proposed UCs and have ample experience in social welfare, infrastructural development, health, education, livelihood and agriculture related activities.

4.3 Other Community Institutions Working at the District Level in Upper Dir Support with Working Solutions (SWWS) SWWS was established in 1992 as a not for profit organization. Over the years, in its numerous projects, the organization has partnered with the government, PPAF, DFID, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), AUSAID, OXFAM, UN Agencies, National Trust for Population Welfare (NATPOW) and USAID. It has been intensively involved in projects related to rural development, water and sanitation, health, education and emergency relief. Initially the organization was set up to cater to one district only but over the years it has grown tremendously and is now working in FATA and 14 districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and KP which includes Upper Dir. The key thematic areas in which the organization works includes credit and enterprise development, rehabilitation and assistance of vulnerable people, education, health, disabled people, human and institutional development.

Spin Ghar Local Support Organization Although formally registered in 2005, Spin Ghar Local Support Organization has been working in Upper Dir since 1998. It is a local NGO that functions at UC level in Upper Dir. All of its workers work on a voluntary basis and are social workers. Over the years it has benefited


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around 22,000 people with the help of its 11 VOs and 12 COs. This organization works with ultra-poor men, women and handicapped people. Spin Ghar Local Support Organization has so far worked in education, health, poverty, women rights, human rights, microfinance, rural development, environment and human resource development sector. It has also aided people in attaining technical and vocational trainings. The major donors of this organization include the local government, provincial government, Asian Development Bank (ADB), USAID and UNICEF. This organization only works by mobilizing the community. Olsi Khaigrah Organization Olsi Khaigrah organization has been working in Upper Dir since July 2008. It is a local organization that works at the district level. With the help of its one office, 40 social workers, 12 VOs and 6 WOs it has a total of 15,000 beneficiaries. The organization mainly aids poor men and women. It has also worked with handicapped people in the past. Education, health, poverty, women rights, human rights microfinance, rural development, environment and vocation trainings are the sectors in which Olsi Khaigrah Organization works in. Among its major donors are the federal government, provincial government, local government, SRSP, DASP, ABKT and Devolution Trust for Community Empowerment (DTCE). This organization has used both community mobilization and direct intervention as mode of operation. Khwendo Kor (KK) Khwendo Kor which means “sister‟s home” in the Pashto language was established in 1993 as a NGO to address women‟s issues in the most conservative areas of KP including Lower Dir. Since its inception it has taken many steps in the field of education, health, civil rights and economic empowerment to liberate women from their woes. KK worked on “Support to Government Schools” which was funded by PPAF in the Upper Dir district from 2012 till 2014 to strengthen the quality of government schools in the district. Some of the major donors of KK include National Endowment for Democracy (NED), Save the Children, JA Clark, PPAF, Development in Literacy (DIL) and UNICEF.


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Annexures


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Annexure 1: Households Poverty Score Ranges Summary

District/ Agency

Tehsil Union Council/

Sections

HHs with Score Range Summary HHs with Score Range Summary in

Percentage (%)

Total % Poor Non Poor Total HH

Poor Non Poor

0-11 12-18 19-23 Total 24-100 0-11 12-18 19-23 Total 24-100

Upper Dir

Barawal Barawal Bandi 379 523 343 1,245 880 2,125 18 25 16 59 41 100

Chukiatan 787 873 415 2,075 754 2,829 28 31 15 73 27 100

Upper Dir Bibiour 627 886 517 2,030 1,095 3,125 20 28 17 65 35 100

Chitral Drosh

Drodh 2 58 196 242 496 3,432 3,928 1 5 6 13 87 100

Drosh 1 11 71 152 234 2,582 2,816 0 3 5 8 92 100

Chitral Ayun 77 188 220 485 1,595 2,080 4 9 11 23 77 100

Swat Kabal

Koz Abakhel Kabal 157 633 759 1,549 2,143 3,692 4 17 21 42 58 100

Hazara 109 417 494 1,020 1,809 2,829 4 15 17 36 64 100

Bara Abakhel Kabal 88 525 675 1,288 2,486 3,774 2 14 18 34 66 100

Lower Dir

Manda Khazana 360 913 628 1,901 1,796 3,697 10 25 17 51 49 100

Balambat Balambat 156 514 531 1,201 1,937 3,138 5 16 17 38 62 100

Koto 114 407 398 919 1,981 2,900 4 14 14 32 68 100

Bajaur Agency

Khar

Alizai 231 598 505 1,334 1,102 2,436 9 25 21 55 45 100

Khar 92 300 463 855 1,817 2,672 3 11 17 32 68 100

Pachagan 69 249 326 644 1,624 2,268 3 11 14 28 72 100

3,315 7,293 6,668 17,276 27,033 44,309


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Annexure 2: Tools Used in Data Collection Annexure 2A: Poverty Score Card Survey Questionnaire


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Annexure 2B: Media Profile Questionnaire


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Annexure 2C: Focus Group Discussion Questionnaire


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Annexure 2D: UC Profile Questionnaire


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Annexure 2E: Community Institutions Assessment Questionnaire


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Annexure 2F: LSO/VO/CO Data Sheet


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Annexure 3: Field Team of District Upper Dir

# Name of Staff # Name of Staff

1 Omara Khan 18 S. Tazeem Hussain

2 Rahman Shah 19 Fazal Wahid

3 Rahmat Karim 20 S. Fayaz ullah Shaheen

4 S. Fahim Jan 21 M. Shahzad

5 Sayed Kifayat 22 Faqir Rahman

6 Aurang zeb 23 Muhammad Ishaq

7 Shahzamin 24 Shah islam

8 Shamsher Khan 25 Liaqat Zada

9 Nizamullah 26 Zahir Shah

10 Jamiullah 27 Zarawar Khan

11 Akhtar Shahid 28 Adnan Khan

12 Imranullah 29 Abid Ayub

13 Bahadur Said 30 Shakeel Zada

14 Amjad Khan 31 Khan Badshah

15 Haroon Kareem 32 Naveed iqbal

16 Faraz zaib 33 Imad ud din

17 Mujeebur Rehman 34 Farman ullah

Documents

Baseline Profile of UCs Barawal Bandi, Chukiatan & Bibiour of …ppr.org.pk/PDF/UCDistrictUpperDirReport070915MRIBJ… · · 2016-05-10ANF Anti-Narcotics Force ... PDO Project Development