Baseline Environmental Assessment · 1.2.2 The Port and nearby sensitive receptors 4 1.3 Project and alternatives description 5 1.3.1 Project description 5 1.3.2 Project alternatives

Baseline Environmental AssessmentPart 1 of Environmental Impact Assessment,

Palmeira Port, Cape Verde

MITM / ENAPOR

18 December 2007 Final Report 9R9364

A COMPANY OF

Document title Baseline Environmental Assessment Part 1 of Environmental Impact Assessment,

Palmeira Port, Cape Verde Document short title Baseline Environmental Assessment

Palmeira Port Status Final Report

Date 18 December 2007 Project name Expansion Port of Palmeira

Project number 9R9364 Client MITM / ENAPOR

Reference 9R9364.05.9502/FWIJ/Rott1

Hoofdweg 490

P.O. Box 8520

Rotterdam 3009 AM The Netherlands

+31 (0)10 286 54 32 Telephone 00 31 10 4562312 Fax

[email protected] E-mail www.royalhaskoning.com Internet

Arnhem 09122561 CoC

HASKONING NEDERLAND B.V.

ENVIRONMENT

Drafted by Franca Sprong, Renilde Becqué, Ederio Almada

Checked by Charles Haine

Date/initials check 18 December 2007 ………………….

Approved by Ruud J.P.M. Platenburg

Date/initials approval 18 December 2007 ………………….

Baseline Environmental Assessment - i - 9R9364.05.9502/FWIJ/Rott1 Final Report 18 December 2007

CONTENTS Page

1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project justification 1 1.2 Project area 2 1.2.1 Project area and existing situation 2 1.2.2 The Port and nearby sensitive receptors 4 1.3 Project and alternatives description 5 1.3.1 Project description 5 1.3.2 Project alternatives 6 1.4 Main construction and operational activities 8 1.4.1 Breakwater / Coastal revetment 8 1.4.2 Dredging & Reclamation 8 1.4.3 Quay Walls 9 1.4.4 Buildings and Structures 9 1.4.5 Paving, drainage and lighting 9

2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 10 2.1 Legal Framework 10 2.1.1 International Treaties and Conventions 10 2.1.2 National Legislation 10 2.1.3 World Bank Standards 12 2.1.4 National Policies and plans 13 2.2 Institutional framework 17 2.2.1 Institutional structure 17

3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION 18 3.1 Introduction 18 3.2 Physical Resources 18 3.2.1 Geology 18 3.2.2 Geomorphology 20 3.2.3 Soil quality 21 3.2.4 Meteorology and Air Quality 23 3.2.5 Coastal Dynamics, Erosion and Sedimentation 25 3.2.6 Landscape and topography 26 3.2.7 Groundwater 27 3.2.8 Surface and sea water 28 3.2.9 Noise 28 3.3 Ecology 28 3.3.1 Terrestrial Ecology 29 3.3.2 Marine Ecology 29 3.4 Socio-economic aspects 33

ANNEXES 1 Maps of Existing Situation and Future Lay-out option phase 1 and 2 2 Soil investigations report and results

Baseline Environmental Assessment 9R9364.05.9502/FWIJ/Rott1 Final Report - 1 - 18 December 2007

1 INTRODUCTION

ENAPOR (Empresa Nacional de Administração dos Portos, S.A.), a state enterprise, is in the process of expansion and modernisation of Palmeira Port, which will consist basically of expanding the quay, creating more berths for vessels, land reclamation, expansion of storage areas, construction of new buildings and demolition of old buildings and structures. In terms of Regulations Decree-laws no. 14/97 (1st July 1997) and no. 29/2006 and taking in account the EU Environmental Guidelines, it is necessary for the State Department of Environment to grant authorization for the Modernization and Expansion of Palmeira Port Project before it can proceed. The legislation requires that an environmental study is undertaken to provide the State Department of Environment with all the relevant facts to take a decision about: • Environmental authorisation for ENAPOR; • If authorised, the conditions under which the Modernization and Expansion of

Palmeira Port Project may proceed. The required environmental study is termed an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This EIA is undertaken in two stages. The first stage of EIA, the scoping stage, seeks to engage interested and affected parties, gather issues and project alternatives and determine which of these require further investigation. In the second stage of the EIA (the assessment stage) issues and project alternatives are investigated and assessed. This baseline report is part of the assessment stage. The baseline report seeks to present relevant information on island of Sal in general and the Port of Palmeira in specific in order to be able to assess the impacts of the planned activities in the next phase of the EIA. In this report a project justification, description of the port expansion and main construction activities, as well as the state of the natural and socio-economic environment in and in the vicinity of the project area is being described In the past months different alternatives for the expansion of the port have been developed, including different locations. As a result one of the alternatives for port expansion at the existing port was chosen by the client. In this document the baseline information relevant for the development of alternatives at the location of the existing port are described.

1.1 Project justification

Sal Island has great potential in terms of mass tourism, due to its year-round favourable climate, the existence of excellent beaches and warm sea water. These natural conditions cope with the existence of the Sal International Airport, the first international airport of Cape Verde, which has been and is essential for the development of many (planned) hotels and resorts. The progressive economic development of the island, mainly in the last fifteen years, stimulated by the modernisation of the international airport, has led to an increase in the transport of goods, passengers, and industrial activities. Due to this, Palmeira Port has been subject to strong growth in terms of economic activities, which it was not prepared for.


The Palmeira Port capacity to accommodate for current port demand and for foreseen growth is limited, for several reasons, which are tied to the following: • Palmeira port has seen a growth in traffic over the last 10 years and foresees

substantial growth in the near future, however current port facilities (including a single berth and a small land area ) are not adequate to cope with this growth;

• There is a need to reorganise the port zone with regard to the siting and zoning of the different types of warehouse areas, workshops, the container park, the administrative area and its support infrastructure;

• There is a need to adjust and increase the productivity of port equipment, optimising its use, in order to accommodate more vessels and with shorter waiting and (un)loading times.

There is also a need to link the port with its urban surroundings with regard to economics and urban planning, the logistic organisation and the location of activities which are complementary to the port facilities like industry, services (nautical tourism), commerce, etc. The plans for expansion of the port of Palmeira fit into the overall development strategy of Cape Verde. The overall development strategy is aiming at strengthening the main ports of Cape Verde as well as developing its tourist potential. International tourism has been identified as one of the main economic growth sectors of Cape Verde for the near future. Summarising, Sal Island is currently undergoing a process of strong economic growth, with likely positive consequences for its population in economic terms. To facilitate this process the island is dependent on the expansion and modernisation of the existing port and its facilities.

1.2 Project area

In this paragraph the contextual area of the port of Palmeira is being described, including the project area; the existing situation and state of the environment of its immediate surroundings; as well as nearby sensitive receptors; and the legal and policy framework that applies to the port expansion.

1.2.1 Project area and existing situation

Port area The Port of Palmeira, located at Sal Island, is the 3rd biggest port of the Cape Verde Port System; besides commercial activities associated with the transport of goods and passengers, it also comprises fishery activities and related industries and, without specific support facilities, some yachting and maritime-tourism activities. The Port of Palmeira is provided with a single berth, 120 m long and variable depths (5 m deep in the first 60 meters, 3 m deep in the next 30 meters and 2,5 m deep in the last 30 meters). It also has a single buoy mooring, linked to a submerged pipeline, used by the ships anchored offshore and which ensure the supply of fuel to Shell and Enacol, both having nearby fuel depots, connected to the port by a pipeline.


The Port of Palmeira essentially serves the entire Sal Island, with approximately 4.5 % of the Cape Verde population (20,000 inhabitants, 2006). The transport through the port, totalling approximately 130,000 ton in 2005, consists for roughly 75% of inter-island traffic. Unloading represents approximately 80% of the transport of goods through the port. There is hardly any export, only some transhipment of hydrocarbons that have arrived at Sal through the fuel buoy, and that leave the port through the pipeline at the quay. The traffic flow shows a strong dependency of the island on goods being supplied from other (national or overseas) locations. The yearly average of port calls is around 300. Within the port area, the ENAPOR administrative building can be found, as well as a warehouse used to store goods under customs, open storage areas for containers and also for cabotage cargo. Furthermore there is a small workshop and some other small storage buildings. The main gate to the port is guarded, and the port area is fenced off. The quay and jetties have limitations in terms of space, reflected in various efficiency and safety restrictions with regard to loading and unloading and the circulation of people at the port. Currently the transport of passengers conflicts with cargo operations, as they all take place at the same quay. Other problems are the lack of lighting at the jetty, as well as the long-term storage of empty containers in the port area. Project area The project area is located on the west coast of Sal Island in the Cape Verde archipelago. Palmeira is a port village with a population of around a 1100 inhabitants. Palmeira Port has developed to a port which is considered to be of strategic importance for the development of the Island of Sal. Apart from the port activities, Palmeira is one of three towns on the island, and with sufficient land available for future urban development. In spite of the existence of sources of air pollution caused by the circulation of vehicles, vessels, road traffic and by the power plant operations (ELECTRA) close to the port, the air quality in the Palmeira village (port area and urban area) is not significantly affected,


since the direction of the prevailing wind, from the Northeast, favours the dispersion of the pollutants in the direction of the sea. Navigation, loading and unloading, and ship repair in the port and its surrounding areas are susceptible of influencing the quality of the water and, consequently, of the sediments. The dominant terrestrial vegetation structure in the area is made up by a few common species and palm trees which are not very unique in ecological terms or from a commercial point of view. However with Sal having a semiarid climate, the total number of trees at the island is very low. Figure 1.1 Picturesque view of the bay from the village of Palmeira

The marine ecosystem around the project site is very interesting in terms of biodiversity but less important in terms of biomass, which means that there are a lot of species but at low quantities (and with low commercial interest). Solitary fish species such as demersal fish (fish species that live on or near the seabed) or in small shoals such as mackerel species and some types of seaweed (green and brown seaweeds) can be seen.

1.2.2 The Port and nearby sensitive receptors

The port should take into account its position within the community of Sal and particularly in relation to its immediate neighbours: 1. Palmeira. The town of Palmeira is located in close proximity to the Port (edge of

village at 200-300m from port) and the town’s master plan includes for further expansion in the direction of the Port. The planned development at the Port needs to be mindful of the need to minimise hindrance to the town’s population in particular in relation to environmental nuisances such as traffic (presence and movements), noise, lighting at night, dust and other forms of pollution. A system of ring roads is already planned to relieve the town centre from heavy commercial traffic and the Port should take these future developments into account in designing new plans.

2. Fishing industry. There is an artisanal fishing industry in and near the Port. Although the normal cargo flows do not interfere with the fishing ships, any Port expansion should take into account the position of the fishing industry within the port so to avoid potential conflicts.

3. ELECTRA power plant. The area north of the Port belongs to ELECTRA, which operates a new power and desalination plant. From the desalination plant, pipelines run south-west to the sea with inlets for clean seawater, and an outlet for brine


(residual water). One hectare of the ELECTRA plant area is recently acquired by the Port and has been allocated for port expansion.

4. Fuel buoy. The single buoy off-loading installation for hydrocarbons, in the bay, will have to be relocated because of the Port expansion. It is necessary to inform and liaise with the owners and users of this mooring buoy and the underwater pipeline system (Shell and Enacol) in adequate time of any planned relocations in order to obtain agreements and to avoid the delay of Port expansion works.

5. Murdeira Bay at 8 km south-west of the port, is the first “Marine Reserve” of Cape Verde, home to migrating humpback whales, various important turtle species and acting as a fish nursery for a wide variety of fish, including a few endemic species. This designation has been initiated by the project Natura 2000 and has been classified as a natural marine reserve by law decree 3/2003 (“o regime jurÍdico dos espaços naturais”).

The most sensitive receptors to be exposed to potential adverse environmental impacts as a result of the Port expansion are the Palmeira village, with roughly 1,100 inhabitants, and the Murdeira Bay. There are only a few houses having a direct line of sight at the port. The centre of the village is at circa 500 metres distance of the port.

1.3 Project and alternatives description

1.3.1 Project description

The Project has prepared different alternative options for the modernization and expansion of Palmeira Port, including expansion of the quay facilities, as well as the terminal facilities. A Master Plan has been prepared by specialist maritime engineers at Royal Haskoning. The main development stages have been phased in the following ways: • First phase (to be completed at the end of 2008): Consisting of an extension of the

existing quay, including a roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) berth, and with facilities to load and unload fuels and cement at the berth;

• Second phase (to be completed at the end of 2010): A new quay west of the existing port with an approximate length of 150 m, and including a second ro-ro ramp;

• Third phase (not included in the EIA): An extension of 100m of the quay, to take place in the future.

Furthermore, the first and second phases include: • Relocation of the administration (ENAPOR) office to a new building; • Construction of a passenger terminal building; • Construction of a cargo shed for international cargo (under customs); • Development of a Container Freight Station (CFS) for cargo (de)consolidation

operations; • Construction of a workshop for the maintenance of terminal equipment, creation of

parking area for equipment; • Re-planning of port access and roads, including the creation of a truck waiting area

at the port entrance; • Allocation of an area for trucks and cars, waiting to embark the ro-ro ships; • Demolition of obsolete structures and buildings.


1.3.2 Project alternatives

Haskoning has over the course of several months prepared up to eight alternative designs, in different rounds, for the enlargement of the port, including an alternative on the southern side of the Palmeira bay. These concepts covered maritime and land-side construction aspects, such as breakwaters, quays and reclamation of land, lay-out of port buildings and land-based infrastructure. The dredge-ability of the material in the Bay of Palmeira, the quality of the subsoil, depth of the bay, prevailing currents, required quantities and types of materials for the land reclamation structures, logistical and economic concerns have played an important role in deciding on the most suitable alternative. In addition all alternatives have been evaluated against environmental criteria by means of a multiple criteria analysis as well. The following alternatives have been considered in this report: • Alternative 0 – No project alternative • Alternative 1 – Development of a new quay in deeper water, and extension of the

existing quay; improvement of existing land-based port structures (maps are included in Annex 1)

Alternative 0 – No project alternative The actual situation will continue to exist.

Figure 1.2 Palmeira Port from above


Alternative 1 – North Alternative The preferred option for the marine structures is a alternative for which the existing quay will be extended and a new quay will be constructed. Landside expansion and improvements will make optimal use of existing infrastructure.

Figure 1-3 Aerial view of Palmeira Port

The new layout consists of three berths with a total quay length of 350 m and the following features: 1. Existing quay with a (reduced) length of 90 m; 2. An extension (additional 30 m) of the existing quay; 3. A new quay with ro-ro ramp with a length of 90 m, a width of 25 m, and a water

depth of 6 m, at the end of the existing quay; 4. New quay, with a length of 150 m, a width of 35 m, a water depth of 9.5 m, and with

a second ro-ro ramp. The expansion will be developed in two phases. • In the first phase, only the extension of the existing quay will be constructed, and

temporary facilities will be created for the ro-ro activities (Annex 1 Preliminary Design Phase). An access road to the quay extension will be created behind the existing quay. This access road will also provide access to the site during construction, and will reduce the hindrance to the ongoing port activities. The berth will not only be provided with a ro-ro ramp, but also with cement and fuel (un)loading facilities. The available water depth at the extension of the existing pier will be 6 m, approximately 1 m more than at the existing quay.

• In the second phase, the new quay West of the existing quay, and the landside facilities, and infrastructure on the Terminal will be developed. The new pier, mainly


intended for international cargo, would be constructed further out to sea and, more or less, parallel to the existing pier. The apron depth behind the new quay would be approximately 35m. This quay would be constructed in deeper water, not requiring any dredging (in rock). However, the cost of breakwater construction will be high. The new pier would be connected to the shore by means of a causeway, leading directly into the extended international container yard. The nautical access for the new pier would be suitable for larger ships (the planned designs are included in Annex 1).

1.4 Main construction and operational activities

1.4.1 Breakwater / Coastal revetment

The breakwater consists of a quarry run core, a rock filter and armour layers and concrete armour layers. From the largest quarry operator, BBS, it is understood that rock up to 3 tonnes is available in sufficient quantities. In the design of the breakwater and coastal revetments this value has been used as the upper limit. The largest applied rock sizes are in the order of magnitude of three tonnes (1.2 m3). It is estimated that about 400,000 m3 rock and 30,000 m3 sand is needed. In view of the existing quarries at Sal, and the foreseen expansion of the main quarry, the development of a new quarry for the Port construction only has not been foreseen. If existing quarries would not have provided suitable and sufficient rock quantities, a new quarry would have to be opened after consultation with the Municipality of Sal. A new quarry would require a separate Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Also the use of concrete units is foreseen. For the Palmeira Project, the use of Accropodes or similar would be proposed, as this type can be applied in a single layer, which saves a lot of (scarce) materials. These units can remain stable in a single layer, whereas other type of units require two layers of armour units and therefore also more construction materials. The construction of the breakwater for the second phase will take nearly 1 year approximately.

1.4.2 Dredging & Reclamation

Because of the rocky sub-soils, the layouts have been developed in such a way, that sufficient water depth is available in navigation channels and port basins, and no or very little dredging is required. It is expected that dredging of rock is not necessary and dredging of sandy / granular materials will be limited to some 15,000 m3 in the existing port. Dredging of granular materials will probably be carried out by clamp shell or backhoe on a floating pontoon or barge. Five sediment samples taken from the bay area near the port indicate the possibility of limited pollution below maximum allowable levels. Further sampling of the dredged material will have to identify any significant contamination. If the material is too polluted to be re-used, it shall need to be treated adequately, as required under international regulations for disposal, such as the London and OSPAR Conventions.


1.4.3 Quay Walls

A concrete block wall is proposed for the quay wall, including boulders and fenders. Further a foundation bed needs to be realised.

1.4.4 Buildings and Structures

The following buildings are planned: • Office building; • Passenger building; • Warehouse; • Container freight station; • Workshop. As the Island consist mainly of a rocky underground no piling will be needed for construction of warehouses and other buildings.

1.4.5 Paving, drainage and lighting

For infrastructure, the following surfaces need paving, drainage and lighting: Full / MT container yard and quay pavement, ro-ro yard, roads, other parking, storage areas and the car park. The pavement will exist of concrete stones and tarmac. Underneath the pavement sand needs to be applied. It is expected that another 20.000 m3 of sand is required for pavement construction.


2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Legal Framework

2.1.1 International Treaties and Conventions

Cape Verde has ratified a range of international treaties and agreements related to, or affecting the environment, of which the most relevant to this EIA are briefly listed below. Table 2.1 International Conventions Ratified by Cape Verde

Legal Instrument Object Locality/ Conclusion Date

Signature/Approval Ratification

Convention On Biological Diversity Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992

National Assembly: Resolution n.º 73/IV/94, 20 October

29 March 1995

United Nations Convention

On Rights of the Sea National Assembly: Law n.º 17/II/87, 3 August

10 August 1987

Convention On Delimitation of access and exploration conditions to the fishing resources around the coasts of member states of the Subregional Fisheries

1993 National Assembly: Resolution n.º 38/V/96, 30 December

Convention On International commerce of wild fauna and flora species threatened with extinction

1963 Council of Ministers: Decree nº 1 /2005, 21 March

10 August 2005

MARPOL Convention On Prevention of pollution by ships and annex I tm V

1973 Decree n.º 7/96, 10 December

Convention On Conservation of Migratory Species belonging to wild fauna

Council of Ministers: Decree nº 13 /2005, 5 December

18 January 2006

2.1.2 National Legislation

Following the United Nations Conference of Rio, 1992, on Environment and Sustainable Development, Cape Verde, as well as several other African countries, adopted in 1993 its first legal environmental instrument that defines the Bases of Environmental Policies. This happened one year after consecration in the Constitution of the Republic of Cape Verde of the Right to Environment as a Basic Right. Since then the government of Cape Verde has taken various legislative and institutional measures to promote the conservation and sustainable use of the country’s environment.


One of them is the Regulation Decree-law no. 14/97 (1st July 1997) and the updated and expanded Decree-law no. 29/2006, which obliges developers to elaborate for certain activities an Environmental Impact Assessment, to be approved by the General Department of Environment. The planned activities within the port of Palmeira are subject to this legislation. The above mentioned Decree-Laws have been developed under the following framework laws: • fundamental law • the organic law • law on the environment These Laws are briefly being described below: The Fundamental Law1 prescribes as a fundamental task of the State “the protection of the natural resources and the environment”. The right to a clean, healthy and ecologically balanced environment is a fundamental right of all citizens, which requires the adoption of policies promoting the sustainable use of natural resources. With regard to international law the Constitution establishes that accepted or ratified international agreements constitute part of the Cape Verdean legal regime and prevail, after their entry into force, over all national legal acts except the Constitution. The Government Organic Law2 attributes to the Minister of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries competence to coordinate and implement the fisheries and marine resources policy. It also establishes that the Minister acts in cooperation with the Minister of Defence regarding the surveillance of the EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) and with the Minister of Foreign Affairs in negotiating management programs within specialised organisations in the water sector. The Framework Law on Environment3 based on the precautionary principle aims at optimizing and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources. Through its regulations a set of rules on surveillance was adopted classifying as environmental crimes (and therefore subject to imprisonment), and with the non-violation of these rules on inter alia water and air pollution, waste management, EIA and obstruction of inspection being enforced by authorised officers. Other relevant environmental legislation includes: • Decree n.º 31/ 2003 of 1 September that establishes the essential requirements to

be considered in the elimination of urban, industrial and other solid residues and their respective monitoring, aiming at the protection of the environment and public health.

• Decree-Law n.º 6/2003, of 31 March that establishes the legal regimen for licensing and exploration of quarries.

• Decree-Law n.º 2/2002, of 21 January that prohibits extraction and exploration of dune sands in beaches and interior waters, along the coastal areas and territorial seas.

1 Adopted in 25.09.1992, was amended in 1999, BO n.º 43, Série I from 23.11.1999. 2 Law Decree 30/2002 from 30.12.2002 (http://www.governo.cv/). 3 Law 86/IV/93 from 26.06.1993 regulated by Decree 14/97 from 01.06.1997, BO n.º 25, Série I.


• Decree-Law n.º 22/98, of 25 May that approves the minimum norms for elaboration and approval of construction projects and security conditions for functioning of night entertainment establishments.

Cape Verde has a legal framework that includes various laws and references to environmental aspects. It shows that the legislative powers are increasingly concerned with protecting the environment and maintaining the ecological balance. However: • the laws that have been passed over the last two decades are barely disseminated,

and therefore little known, neither by the general public nor by civil servants; • there is a lack of environmental quality standards that set national standards for e.g.

air and water quality, noise levels, soil contamination; • there is a lack of on the ground enforcement of rules and regulations; • environmental awareness among citizens is low, and therefore most citizens are not

very interested in the environmental laws in place or in their compliance.

2.1.3 World Bank Standards

As Environmental Legislation in Cape Verde is still very much under development, for various aspects no Cape Verdean Laws or Decrees exist. Therefore environmental quality standards and limits for air quality, water quality and noise as established by the World bank will be used to assess the existing situation and the significance of their environmental impacts as a result of the port expansion. For soil contamination, Dutch standards will be used.

Noise abatement measures should achieve either the levels given below or with a maximum increase in background levels of 3 decibels (measured on the A scale) [dB(A)]. Measurements are to be taken at noise receptors points located outside the project property boundary.

Maximum allowable noise levels (hourly measurements) at the location of a sensitive receptor, in dB(A) during the day (07:00–22:00) and during the night (22:00–07:00): • For residential, institutional and educational receptors: max. 55 dB(A) by day , and

max. 45 dB(A) by night • For industrial and commercial areas: max. 70 dB(A) by day; and max. 70 dB(A) by

night Ambient Air Emissions Limits at property boundary for general application (in micrograms per cubic meter): Pollutant Concentration Particulate matter (PM10) Annual mean 50 Maximum 24-hour average 70 Nitrogen oxides (NO2) Maximum 24-hour average 150 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Annual mean 50 Maximum 24-hour average 125


Discharged to Surface Waters (limits for Process Wastewater, Domestic Sewage, and Contaminated Storm-water), for General Application (milligrams per litre, except for pH, bacteria, and temperature) Table 2.2 Pollutant or Parameter Limits in water

pH 6–9 Mercury 0.01 BOD 50 Nickel 0.5 COD 250 Selenium 0.1 Oil and grease 10 Silver 0.5 TSS 50 Zinc 2.0 Metals Cyanide Free 0.1 Heavy metals, total 10 Cyanide Total 1.0 Arsenic 0.1 Ammonia 10 Cadmium 0.1 Fluoride 20 Chromium Hexavalent 0.1 Chlorine,

total residual

0.2

Chromium Total 0.5 Phenols 0.5 Copper 0.5 Phosphorus 2.0 Iron 3.5 Sulfide 1.0 Lead 0.1 Coliform bacteria < 400 MPN/100 ml Temperature increase < 3°Ca

Note: MPN, most probable number. The effluent should result in a temperature increase of no more than 3° C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing and dilution take place. Where the zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge. The soil quality at the location of the planned expansion will be evaluated using the Dutch standards, which are in line with the European guidelines on quality of the soil and sediment. The analysis and norms are included in the annex to this document.

2.1.4 National Policies and plans

PANA II Cape Verde has elaborated an extensive National Environmental Action Plan (2004-2014), PANA II which includes various intersectoral plans (PAIS), as well as 17 municipal environmental plans (PAMs) for its main municipalities, including the municipality of Sal. The PAMs are based on a 10 year horizon, and Environmental Technical Teams (ETMA) were established in the municipalities to implement and monitor the PAM. PANA II is a follow-up of the first National Environmental Action Plan (PANA I), which covered the 1994-2004 period. Subsequently, in 1995, the Executive Secretariat for the Environment (SEPA) was created as the agency responsible for environmental policy development. Although PANA I was never formally approved or disseminated, it triggered some awareness and concerns leading to various national plans featuring environmental concerns. In 2002, SEPA was closed down and in its place the General Directorate for the Environment, was created as one of the three directorates within the, now, Ministry of Environment and Agriculture.


The PANA II general objective is to provide the country with a strategy that promotes a rational use of natural resources and a sustainable management of economic activities, including controlling environmental degradation. PANA II identifies as priority environmental problems in Cape Verde: • Water resources:

o the limited availability of water suitable for home consumption and economic development activities;

o the decrease in water quality, mainly near coastal areas due to the infiltration of sea water;

o the decreasing ground- and surface water levels o the increase in sea water and coastal zone pollution due to dumping of

solid waste, effluents and used oils in national waters, and due to direct discharge of urban waste water

• Biodiversity (loss of marine and terrestrial biodiversity, due to): o the increase in endangered or already extinct wildlife species; o the decrease in vegetated and forested areas and in the diversity of the

vegetation; o the increase in fishery activities, in relation to high variety but limited

quantity of (commercial) fish per species; • Soil quality and land use:

o soil degradation and contamination in as well rural as urban areas; o lack of adequate spatial planning and land use leads to haphazard urban

development and high demand for agricultural lands; o landscape degradation due to e.g. uncontrolled extraction of inert

materials; • Sanitation and waste (water):

o poorly developed basic sanitation infrastructure that considerably affects public health and tourist development;

o pollution of water and soils from direct discharge of waste water; o accumulation and dispersal of solid waste, due to lacking or insufficient

waste disposal and treatment facilities; PANA II incorporates the development orientations adopted at the International Meeting on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002. By means of a transversal, participatory and decentralised process, involving public and private sectors, municipalities, NGOs and other civil society groups, four priority intervention areas were identified: • Sustainable management of water resources: • Basic sanitation, • Biodiversity and • Spatial planning. In addition, several implementation instruments were outlined of which environmental education and awareness, institutional development (including an environmental information system) and environmental legislation, regulation and law enforcement were highlighted, next to programs and projects on e.g. research and monitoring, and (eco)tourism. The adaptation and implementation of the institutional and legal framework is the main priority for the next few years as these two aspects are essential to respond


to environmental problems and, above all, stimulate and guarantee the intersectoral and transversal approach to program and project implementation. Intersectoral Environmental Plans (PAIS) As part of PANA II, 9 Intersectoral Environmental Plans (PAIS) were prepared. The PAIS plans deal with the following environmental themes: • Environment and sustainable management of water resources; • Environment and public health; • Environment and biodiversity; • Environment and land use planning, land use, ports and infrastructure; • Environment and education, training, information and awareness raising; • Environment and Tourism Development; • Environment and Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock keeping; • Environment and Fisheries; • Environment and Industry, Energy and Trade. In addition to these PAIS, seven thematic base studies were carried out: • Impact of the extraction of inert materials in Cape Verde; • Alternative construction methods to reduce the extraction of sand in civil

construction and public works; • Fishery resources management plan; • Solid waste management plan; • Environmental Quality Monitoring System; • Impact of PANA II on gender and poverty; • Legislation, regulation and law enforcement tools for the environmental sector. The results of these studies contributed to the intersectoral and municipal environmental plans and their conclusions and recommendations are integrated in the PANA II main text (Volume I). Municipal Environmental Plan (PAM) of Sal As part of PANA II, municipal environmental plans were elaborated for 17 municipalities in Cape Verde, including Sal. Environmental Technical Teams (ETMA) were thereafter installed in the municipalities in order to implement and monitor the PAM. In Sal the ETMA consists of 2 experts. The PAM for Sal has a 10 year horizon (2004-2014). It seeks e.g. to promote sustainable tourism; raise environmental awareness; improve waste collection and treatment (solid waste and used oils), as well as sanitation; conserve the marine and terrestrial ecology and make use of it in sustainable manner; promote and initiate the use of renewable energy; Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is a (in origin) European network of protected areas. Natura 2000 in Cape Verde protects important natural habitats of flora and fauna, and focuses especially on the protection of turtle habitats. The Cabo Verde Project Natura 2000 (for the islands of Sal, Boavista and Maio) was funded by the European Union from 1999 to March 2001.It planned for (the management of) the natural territory and natural resources in Cabo Verde. The project was in essence dedicated to environmental conservation, developing a strategy for


conservation and the sustained utilization of the existing biodiversity on the islands’ coastlines and a plan of action and integrated development of the islands of Sal, Boavista and Maio. In addition, Natura 2000 characterized and categorized the islands’ coastlines and developed projects to protect green lobster, marine turtles and environment vigilance. With the help of the Natura 2000 project and the WWF, the government identified and declared a total of 47 protected areas throughout the country, including a marine reserve in Sal (Murdeira Bay) and various Natural Reserves and Protected Areas on Sal island as well. The protected areas system includes a classification system ranging from fully protected integral reserves to multiple use zones, and plans to identify protected species. One of the protected areas, and the first marine reserve of Cape Verde, is the Murdeira Bay on the west coast, located 8 km south of Palmeira Port. In addition, Natura 2000, is nowadays a nature conservation NGO working on various islands, in order to protect its ecology, especially focusing on turtles.

Figure 2.1 Protected Areas on Sal Island (from Natura 2000)


2.2 Institutional framework

2.2.1 Institutional structure

The development, implementation, coordination and enforcement of environmental legislation is the task and responsibility of the General Directorate for the Environment (DGA), which forms part of the Ministry of Environment and Agriculture in the capital of Praia. The Ministry of Rural Development and Fisheries, General Directorate of Fisheries is responsible for the fisheries sector in Cape Verde The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, Directorate for Marinas and Ports is responsible for ports in Cape Verde. Daily management of the ports lies with the port authorities ENAPOR, with headquarters in Mindelo and a local office at Palmeira port. The Municipality of Sal is responsible for environmental management on the island. The Technical Environmental team (ETMA) of Sal is responsible for implementation and monitoring of the Municipal Plan 2004-2010 (PAM) of Sal.


3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION

3.1 Introduction

The characterization of the reference situation will be described by considering the current situation in the project area and on the island of Sal. The information has mainly been derived from existing literature sources, consultation with various stakeholders and limited field work for determining the soil condition and soil contamination on land and water. The study area comprises the area, where the construction and operational activities of the port will take place, and their surroundings. The latter varies as a function of the influence area regarding the impacts of the item being assessed. The following items have been considered for the baseline description: • Geology • Geological resources • Geomorphology • Soil quality • Meteorology and Air Quality • Coastal Erosion and Sedimentation • Landscape and topography • Surface water • Groundwater • Seawater • Noise • Terrestrial Ecology • Marine Ecology • Socio-economic environment

3.2 Physical Resources

3.2.1 Geology

The Cape Verde Archipelago, totalling 4033km2, lies some 460km WNW from Dakar, West Africa. Topography, relief and geomorphologic development enable the islands to be placed into two major groups, indicative of their respective ages which are the ‘young’ western islands Santo Antão, São Vicente, Santa Luzia, São Nicolau, Brava, Fogo and Santiago, characterised by more recent or still present volcanic activities and the older group of eastern islands (Sal, Boavista and Maio), where barely any signs of volcanic activities remain. The Cape Verde Islands are volcanic in origin, consisting of basaltic rocks and features associated with them. Some of the islands, such as Sal, Maio and Boa Vista, have had no volcanic activity for a long time, and erosion has levelled down the original relief. These islands are therefore relatively flat, with summits approaching 300–400 m. The mainly flat landscape of Sal also gave it its first name “Lhana” (plain). The name was later changed to Sal, when its inhabitants started harvesting sea salt.


Sal is an island of limited dimensions, 30 km long and 12 km wide, positioned in the north-south direction, dominated by flat or slightly hilly areas. Its surface area is around 216 km2, which represents around 5.5% of the total national territory. It has a coastline of approximately 50 km, at an elevation of 0 to 20 m above sea level. In the interior of the island there are a few more substantial elevations, formed by in the northern part of the island the hills of Monte Grande (with 406 meters), Rocha Salina (with 299 meters), Morro Oeste (with 263 meters), Cagarral (with 173 meters), and in the central-west part the hill of Morro Leão, with 166 metres. Most authors accept, on the basis of geomorphic interpretation, that the island of Sal belongs to the older group of islands (Sal, Boavista and Maio) of Cape Verde Archipelago. The few available geo-chronological information indicates that the oldest rocks on the Sal Island are sedimentary and belong to the Cenozoic type.

Figure 3.1 Main geological formations at Sal island

The main geological formations in the (vicinity of the) project area of Palmeira Port consist of the following structures: • Ancient Eruptive Centre – Predominance of dense and complex philonian and

volcanic crevices of basaltic rocks, present in large quantities near the coastline over a length of 3.5km, extending as well inland from Palmeira Bay and Joaquim Petinha Bay up till the Airport. On the coastline these are present between Ponta de Fontona and Joaquim Petinha Bay; Predominance of granular gabbroid, which appears near


Palmeira Bay on the coastline between Ribeira de Letem Estuary and Pambaiã; and ring-shaped sub-volcanic structures – between Letem and Ribeira Fontona.

• Ponta do Altar-Baleia Centre – Formations of undifferentiated subaerial basaltic and olivine mantles, which can be found between the town of Palmeira and the Laje de Tatáboa. Along the coastal area it appears between Palmeira Bay and Fiura Bay.

• Quaternary sedimentary rocks – geological formations made up by: o Fossil bearing calcarenite and marine limestone, locally with conglomeratic

beds which occupy most of the coastal area at Palmeira Bay ; o Sedimentary deposits; o Alluvium; o Beach gravel, conglomeratic beach gravel and gravel seam; and o Beach sand.

3.2.2 Geomorphology

According to Torres et al (2002) and Hidroprojecto (2004), primitive relief forms of Sal Island are the result of successive episodes of volcanic eruption, which have now almost totally been levelled through erosion. The degree of topographical variation is mainly related to the age of the islands and the presence of volcanoes. The major rocks are basalt and limestone, and there are deposits of salt and kaolin. Following these authors, the topography of Sal can be divided by the delineations of three principal geomorphologic regions: • Northern region, which includes a triangular area east from Palmeira Village, with

Pedra-Lume and Baía da Parda; this track has a drainage density of between 10 and 20 meters on a flat, or slightly undulating surface. These are coinciding with the erosion drainage deposits, which are more continuous and extended towards the interior of the island; the drainage deposits have filled up and have been levelled by older abrasion surfaces, which repeat the previous morphological characteristics and extend into the exterior, up to the coastline; on this northern plane some elliptically-shaped formations have been heavily eroded, now generally concave and they are all that remains from volcanic edifices

• The Central region, which is wider in its northern half and more narrow to the south, up to the Algodoeiro-Morrinho Branco parallel; this surface differs from the one previously described, and has a height of between 20 and 40 meters above the sea level, with a dendritic drainage pattern and has essentially developed upon the volcanic substrata of the Old Volcanic Complex and the Principal Eruptive Formation.

• The Southern region of the Sal Island coincides with the windswept sandy covering and marine deposits of the beach of the Santa Maria region. The northern edge of this area functions as a sink for the waterways that flow into it from the northwest and the rest of the area.

The Palmeira Port is located in the central region, on the west coast, east of the Joaquim Machado inlet. This inlet leads to a rock area that stretches east to the estuary of the Ribeira da Palmeira (Palmeira creek). Here a stretch of sand continues on to the southeast and then on to the south for about 500 meters. On the northern part of the beach there is mostly a sand covering and in the southern part there is a mixture of coarser elements, with some rocks crop eventually developing into a rocky coastline further to the south, as far as Ponta da Fontona, which is an erosion platform with marine abrasion areas and corrosion formations.


3.2.3 Soil quality

At the Port of Palmeira and its planned extensions, an Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) has been carried out in April 2007 for the purpose of this EIA. The objectives of the ESA are to establish a baseline for soil and sediment quality at the site, and to assess whether or not former activities in the area have led to an impact on the soil or sediment quality in the area. In order to assess the quality of top- and sub soils, a soil investigation was carried out. Samples were taken at different locations as described in the report included in Annex 2. During the investigation 5 composite samples and 6 individual soil samples were submitted for analysis on a standard NEN-suite, which comprises the following parameters: • Metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, nickel and zinc; • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 16 sub-parameters (EPA); • Mineral Oil (carbon bands C10-C40). 5 sediment samples were selected for analyses on the following parameters: • Metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, nickel and zinc; • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 16 sub-parameters (EPA); • EOX (Extractable Organic Halogens); • OCB / PCB; • Particle size. The findings and visual observations made during drilling activities are the following: • In boreholes 03 and 03A contamination with oil (probably gas-oil) was observed, in

borehole 03 the contamination was visually delineated in vertical direction; • In boreholes 6 to10 a moderate oil/water reaction was observed, indicating the

presence of TPH, probably gasoline; • In sediment sample S02 chips of paint (from painting activities on board the vessels

docked at the jetty) were present; • Sediment sample S04 was taken from an area near the jetty which appears to be

visually contaminated. It was reported by the diver (assisting the ESA for off-shore sediment samples in Palmeira Bay) that there are several of these areas near the jetty, however there is no continuous section that appears to be contaminated.

The area under investigation mainly consists of weathered rock. Some sandy areas were encountered, but often rock was situated underneath these sandy layers. Most drillings had to be ceased as a result of this. The bay / port area has no actual sediment but consists of sandy areas with pebbles and some rocks. The sand found present on the east side of the jetty is moderately coarse. Sand closer to the shore (beach on east side of the bay) is less coarse than the sand encountered near the jetty and appears to be typical for the area. Closer to the port entrance the sandy areas become scarce and mainly rock is observed. The area west of the jetty (outside the port) consists mainly of rocks. As mentioned, in boreholes 03 and 03A contamination with oil (probably gas-oil) was observed, and in borehole 03 the contamination was visually delineated in vertical direction.


The analytical results confirm that the contamination is delineated in vertical direction; the concentration detected in sample 03 (60-100) is significantly lower than the surface sample of 03A (0-50) which shows a concentration of 6400 mg/kg dw. The concentration does not exceed the Dutch Intervention value, however as this concentration is mainly caused by carbon bands C12-C22 (4600 mg/kg dw) the contamination is mobile and could potentially impact a larger area. It is recommended to remove the top soil layer from the area and land-farm the contaminated soil on site. In boreholes 6 to10 a moderate oil/water reaction was observed, indicating the presence of TPH, probably gasoline. Analytical results indicate the presence of mineral oil (sample MM1). The concentrations detected do not exceed the Dutch Intervention value.

Figure 3.2 Port of Palmeira and soil sampling locations

Nickel concentrations were found to be exceeding the Dutch Intervention value (which value is internationally widely used) in samples taken from the port area. Concentrations are ranging from 74 to 200 microgram per kilogram dry weight (mg/kg dw). Given the fact that all concentrations detected are relatively high, and the compound was also detected in an undeveloped area indicate that the elevated nickel concentrations are related to increased background values for this compound. The concentrations cannot be related to any of the ports’ activities in the area.


The investigation has not shown any contamination with an immediate hazard. Some contamination at levels below the Dutch maximum limit has been found. It is recommended that during future construction activities this pollution is removed and transported to a landfill.

3.2.4 Meteorology and Air Quality

Climate characteristics The climate is arid with a very short rainy period. The location of the island on the North-eastern side of the archipelago and characterised by flat areas with only a few elevations, of less than 500 meters on the fringes of the island, has contributed to this very dry climate. The precipitation data show an annual average less than 80 mm, mainly in the months of August and September. There are few watercourses that run all year, and even these do often not reach their destination during the dry season. Dry watercourses fill up for several days during the short, intense rainy season. Rains tend to occur as torrential storms, causing severe soil erosion and great damage to agriculture. Groundwater is the primary source of domestic water supply. Some groundwater sources however are sulphurous; others are slightly salty due to the low water tables. The mean temperature of the island is around 25 Celsius. Information on monthly temperatures, recorded year round at Sal and provided by the National Meteorological Institute, demonstrates that average temperatures are broadly consistent, ranging between 22ºC and 28ºC. Analysis of the average minimum temperatures indicates lows of 17ºC recorded from January to March in Sal. During the month of July the average high for the island of Sal can rise to 35ºC. Average temperatures at Sal and at 2 other islands, Sao Vicente and Santiago, are shown in the table below.

Figure 3.3 Average monthly temperatures at Sal, S. Vicente and Santiago (Source: Instituto Nacional de Meterologia)

Average monthly precipitation recorded at Sal Island highlight that whilst very little (if any) rainfall is seen between January and June, the summer months witness the greatest precipitation levels (although the total quantity remains very modest).


Figure 3.4 Average monthly precipitation at Sal, S. Vicente and Santiago (Source: Instituto Nacional de Meterologia)

Data recorded at Sal show that humidity levels across the islands range between 62 and 75. The average humidity year round is shown in the table below.

Figure 3.5 Average monthly humidity at Sal, S. Vicente and Santiago (Source: Instituto Nacional de Meterologia)

The offshore wind climate can be characterised as a windy ocean climate. Most of the time, the wind speed reaches values of 3 to 4 Beaufort (approximately 3.4 to 8 meter per second). Only a few times per year the wind reaches higher values. The once in a hundred year values for wind speed are 7 Beaufort (56 km/h). This relative low wind speed indicates the absence of severe storms. Furthermore 87% of the time winds blow from north easterly directions. Only 8% of the time winds from the northern direction are present. With the presence of such a prevailing wind direction it is concluded that for the Palmeira area only north easterly winds need to be considered.


Figure 3.6 Wind direction and maximum wind speed recorded at Sal Island. (Source: Institute Nacional de Meterologia e Geofísica)

Air Quality The main sources of atmospheric pollutants identified in the area are a result from the movements of ships in the port; road traffic to and from the port as well at its premises, and the electric power plant (ELECTRA) close to the port area. Activities involving manoeuvring of small and medium sized vessels and large tonnage ships, and intense circulation of light and heavy vehicles in the port and surrounding emit pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and volatile compounds. The ELECTRA power plant emits the same type of pollutants resulting from the burning of fuel. Given the topography of Sal, which is mainly flat with little vegetation and large open spaces of argyle and sand, combined with a strong wind factor, these factors can significantly affect local air quality. However at present air quality in the Palmeira port zone and Palmeira village is not affected critically by the existing sources of pollution. This is mainly due to the relatively low traffic volume and to the prevailing wind direction, from the Northeast blowing seawards, which favours the dispersion of the pollutants to the southwest in the direction of the bay, keeping it away from Palmeira port and village. Palmeira village can experience some hindrance from dust, as the wind sometimes carries sand from the flat desert-like interior of Sal. In addition in the months of December to March part of the Cape Verde islands, including Sal, frequently experience the phenomena of ‘bruma seca’, dust-loaded skies, as sand is being carried from the Sahara desert to Cape Verde. The ‘bruma seca’ can severely affect visibility.

3.2.5 Coastal Dynamics, Erosion and Sedimentation

The volcanic coasts of the Cape Verdian Isles are fully exposed to ocean waves. Waves from different origin, caused by nearby storms or faraway tropical storms, all reach the Cape Verdian isles and break down on the rocky coasts. Special attention is to be paid to swell conditions from the Atlantic Ocean. These swell waves are either initiated by hurricanes at the American coast or by typical depression related storms on the North Atlantic Ocean. Swell waves are known to be able to bend around islands due to refraction. Likewise they can cause substantial nuisance within harbours due to the fact that breakwaters hardly reduce the wave energy of these long waves. The wave pattern in the ocean in the region around Cape Verde is mainly from the north and north-eastern direction (over 80% of the year). The wave movements are generally


weak to moderate, and can be very calm between August and October. Very few waves come from the south, east and south-eastern direction. The predominant height of the waves is less than 2 m. Swell takes precedence over waves in terms of its effect on coastal processes and a period of 9-13 seconds can be considered as typical. The western coast of Sal island, on which Palmeira port is located, is well-sheltered from rough waves from the north and east (as well as south). Wave conditions in harbors and ports are determined by the nearshore wave conditions and their interaction with port-structures and -bathymetry. Processes like refraction, diffraction, shoaling and partial reflection play a key role in wave propagation into the harbor. To study these processes and to determine the wave agitation at Palmeira Port the Boussinesq Wave module is used. It can be concluded from the study carried out that wave conditions at the planned quay are quite mild during the whole year. E.g. for every sector a wave height of 0.5 meter at the quay is expected to occur in less than 0.1% of the year. The north – south current along the western coast of Sal, runs near shore. Sedimentation in the port, located in the bay of Palmeira, however is currently very limited. With regard to its coastal zone, Sal is very diversified. Its coast exists of white sandy beaches, zones with dunes, and small valleys with small streams which turn into wadi’s during the dry season. Near Palmeira Bay the coast mainly exists of (basalt) rock and rock outcrops, with some sheltered sandy areas. Figure 3.7 View to the north from Palmeira port

3.2.6 Landscape and topography

Sal has a flat and very arid landscape that is largely devoid of vegetation cover. The low topography, characterised by dunes, beaches and salines, is broken in the north by the isolated peaks of a few highly eroded volcanic remnants: Monte Grande (407 m) in the northeast, Monte Rocha da Salina (299 m) also in the northeast, and Morro Leste (263 m) in the northwest. The southern end of the island is of extremely low elevation. Immediately offshore from the mainland are a few small rocky islets, including Ilhéu Rabo de Junco (off the central west coast), Ilhéu da Fragata (off the southeast coast) and the rocky outcrops of the Ilhéus do Chano (off the central east coast).


Palmeira Port has developed initially from a small fishing port. However due to: • the installation of fuel tanks for fuelling airplanes, • the transfer of the administrative capital from the village of Santa Maria to

Espargos, which is the largest village on the island and located near the airport and at a few kilometres of Palmeira, and

• lately the increase of tourism and the subsequently rapid population increase, the port has experienced substantial growth in terms of cargo and passengers, and has increased its facilities in order to cope with the actual situation. The port area and its surroundings are composed by: • the urban area of Palmeira village; • the area of port activity, including the Palmeira bay; • the Shell and Enacol fuel storage tanks; • the cold storage building near the entrance, in use by a private company • the electricity power plant by ‘ELECTRA’; and • unoccupied / uninhabited land, in the nearby interior and along the coastline of the

bay. Palmeira village has architectural characteristics that are typical of Cape Verde’s coastal areas, with narrow roads and low houses, most of them having patios to the front and a garden. In the decade of the ‘80s and ‘90s, the expansion of activities at Palmeira Port has led to the establishment of different services such as Customs, a local office of the port authorities ENAPOR, Municipal Services, a delegation of the Maritime and Port service, and an increase in shops, restaurants and bars.

3.2.7 Groundwater

To the north and east of Palmeira, there are volcanic lava formations with high permeability. To the south the underground consists of a basalt plateau, which has limited permeability. The intermediate alluvial rocks provide the main water-bearing system of the island. In the Palmeira port area and surroundings, although geological conditions are quite favourable for the storage of underground water, the desert nature of the island with an average annual precipitation of less than 80mm does not allow for annual refilling of these water resources by means of rain water in a manner that would make their permanent use viable. The only existing natural well on the island is located in Ribeira da Fragata, which is situated near Santa Maria Village. The quality of the ground water, stored in water-carrying basalt rocks and alluvial intermediate layers contains, as occurs on the other islands, a low to average quantity of minerals. Next to the coast however the levels of minerals and chlorides levels are very high. The water supply to the population is mainly warranted trough salt water desalination. There are five desalinations units on the island, three of them using a vapour compression system (MVC) and the other two using the reverse osmosis system (RO). The total estimated current water production is around 2,300 m3 per day. The daily production is related to the actual need on the island, nevertheless the maximum


installed capacity is around 3,500 m3 per day. This will have to increase in the future to follow the needs of the growing tourism industry.

3.2.8 Surface and sea water

Due to the arid nature of the island, the island barely has any terrestrial surface water. With regard to seawater, Generally in terms of temperature and salinity, two seasons can be defined in Cape Verde: • a cold and dry season, from December to June with an average sea surface

temperature (SST) between 21 - 22 oC and a salinity of 36-26,5 pro mille, and • a warm and wet season, from July to November, where the SST oscillates between

26 - 27 oC (Almada, 1993) and a salinity of 35-36 pro mille. As the average annual precipitation and runoff are too low in order to influence the coastal seawater, the characteristics of the seawater in the coast and off-shore areas near Sal are expected to be comparable to the data provided above.

3.2.9 Noise

In the Palmeira Port and surroundings the most sensitive areas are the residential areas of Palmeira village, including its commercial services and amenities (shops, bar/restaurants) of the village as well as the primary school ‘ZECA RAMOS’. Currently, the main sources of noise in the project area and its surroundings are: • movement of vessels and vehicles, including cargo trucks and equipment being

used for port operations; • engines of manoeuvring vessels, • loading and unloading of vessels shipping cargo, containers or fish products; • the Electra power plant.

According to the General Directorate of the Environment (DGA), no regular noise measurements are being performed in the port area.

3.3 Ecology

The process of use and transformation of natural resources of Sal Island has brought in many cases, an unsustainable impact on the natural environment and its ecological systems, damaging its capacity for adequately supporting further human development.

Small islands like Sal, uninhabited 200-300 years ago, have innate fragile ecological systems with low resistance to alien species, including man. Its small size makes it vulnerable to large-scale changes arising from economic and social change, not so readily evident in larger land-masses. Water storage, contamination from human, animal, domestic and industrial waste and coastal erosion, arising directly from human population increases, put special pressure on these fragile ecologies.


3.3.1 Terrestrial Ecology

Despite the extreme aridness of Sal, the sporadic precipitation and torrential nature of its rainfall, some dominant vegetation structures can be identified near the Palmeira port area, such as palm trees, Phoenix sp., some acacia species Prosopis, juliflora and Arttiplex sp., and a few other common species. Figure 3.8 Vegetation near Palmeira port

With regard to terrestrial fauna, there is little diversity. Nevertheless a few species of reptiles such as the endemic Cape verdean leaf-toed gecko (Hemidactylis boavistensis) and Mabuya spinalis salensis, a endemic Cape Verdean skink species, exist on the island. Due to the fragmented nature of the archipelago, the small size of the islands and unsustainable uses in the past and partly continuing today, part of Cape Verde’s many endemic animal species are under threat including an increasing number of reptiles. It is possible to note the presence of sea birds near and at Sal, especially the Cape Verde sheatwater (Calonectrris edwardsii), and on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Various land bird species, including two endemic species - the Cape Verde sparrow (Passer iagoensis) and Cape Verde swift (Apus alexandri) - are widely distributed on the Cape Verde islands.

3.3.2 Marine Ecology

The insular nature of the Cape Verdean archipelago fragments the territory and this together with the limited size of the islands, the only weak influence of the upwelling process reducing the carrying capacity of the coastal waters explain for the low marine population densities, resulting in small quantities of each particular species. However, the marine biodiversity is very rich in terms of the number of different species, although most of them have low commercial interest. An important feature of Sal Island is that it has a high concentration of endemic species mainly among the invertebrates.

The dock zone of Palmeira Bay and its slopes, where a reef lays that in places reaches up to 4 meters, offers good conditions and provides shelter for a diversity of animal life, which including Whiting, Red mullet and some breams. The presence of some species of sponges is well noted, as well as seaweeds and some corals next to the rocks. Also, below the fuel pipeline that crosses the above mentioned reef there is a reasonable amount of different fish species. The main species to be found in the water near Sal and in or near Palmeira Bay are being described below.

Although the primary productivity is low (Hidroprojecto, 1999), the coasts of Sal Island, including the Palmeira Bay, are dominated by green algae (Clorophita) and some red algae (Rhodophyta) and brown algae (Dyctiota).


Figure 3.9 Alga species near Sal

The small invertebrates including Sponges, Marine Worms, filtering bivalves and small gastropods, which are present in the inter-tidal areas of the Palmeira Bay.

Among the large marine invertebrates we find some coral species, a variety of molluscs (cephalopods, gastropods, bivalves) and crustaceans (shrimps, crabs, barnacles and lobsters).

A wide range of coral species such as hydrocorals(Millepora spp.), octocorals (gorgonians), rocky corals (the Esclaracteinidae) and some black corals are presents around the Sal Island and of course in the Palmeira Bay.

Figure 3.10 Coral species near Sal

It should be pointed out that corals are very sensitive to disturbances in the environment, to chemical pollution, to increased sediment concentration, and to harp climatic changes.

Cephalopods species which mostly are present in the Palmeira Bay are cuttlefish, coastal squid (Dosidicus Gigas, Todarodes sagittatis) and octopuses (Octopus vulgaris).


In Cape Verde and particularly in Sal Island an in the Palmeira Bay, there is a considerable variety of bivalves and gastropods. The index of endemism is high among these groups of species.

Strombus latus, known by the common name ‘búzio cabra’ is the most abundant gastropod species near Sal Island and in Palmeira Bay. Many species are captured for scientific and aesthetic purposes, including the gastropod Strombus latus. Bivalves and gastropods are very sensitive to chemical pollution due to the heavy metals, salts, anti-fouling compounds, and other.

Figure 3.11 Strombus Latus

The crustaceans are present through species of crabs, shrimps and lobsters. Among these groups, lobsters are well represented by the Palirunidae family made up by Palinurus Charlestony (pink lobster – endemic specie), Panulirus regius (green lobter), Panulirus echinatus (brown lobster), Panulirus argus and the Scyllaridae family made up by the species Scyllarides latus (carrasco). The presence of these species is however very scarce in the Palmeira Bay and even around the Sal Island.

Figure 3.12 Lobster Species in Cape Verde

The coastal platform of Sal island embeds a great diversity of demersal and various pelagic species. The principal schools of fish are concentrated along the coastal margin, Santa Maria, Palmeira, and Pedra de Lume.


Different fish species with different behavior can be seen in the Palmeira Bay and around Sal Island. Among the fish species that can be seen are pelagic fish species – Tunnus albacares, Katsuwonus pelamis and Euthynus alleteratus, fish in schools like Scads Mackerels (Decapterus macarellus), Round Mackerels (Decapterus punctatus) and Selar crumenophtalmus, and demersal fish such as Scarus hefleri, Sparisoma rbripinne, Diplodus sargus lineatus, Lithognatus mormusrus, Diplodus fasciatus, Pseudopeneus prayensis, Acanthurus monroviae, Cephalopholis taeniops, etc. The fish species Sargo branco (Diplodus sargus lineatus), Sarde-de-areia (Lithognatus mormurus), Sargo preto (Diplodus fasciatus), Salmonete (Pseudupeneus prayensis), Papagaio (Parapristipoma humile) and others, are caught frequently by Palmeira fishermen. Marine Turtles and cetaceans are frequently seen in the waters of Sal Island. Among the turtles, the green turtle (Chaelonia mydas) frequently comes to breed on the beaches of the Sal Island from June to November. Up to 20 species of cetaceans have been recorded in the waters of Sal Island. Of note are humpbacks whales, blue whales, sperm whales, orcas and a large variety of dolphins. The marine reserve Murdeira Bay, located 8 km south of Palmeira bay, forms an important breeding ground for various species of fish, turtles and whales, especially during the June to November period. In the last years an overexploitation of some marine resources, namely lobsters and some demersals and pelagics has been registered in fisheries research studies (2000-2005) executed by the National Institute for Fisheries Development. On the local level (coastal and marine areas of the Palmeira Bay) the ecological systems have been altered by development of several economic activities such as, shipping, fishing, marine recreational amenities, urban activities, and, consequently, the existing biological communities reflect the direct and indirect effects of these alterations.


3.4 Socio-economic aspects

General overview for Cape Verde Cape Verde is in a very vulnerable position due to its geographical isolation and the periodic droughts that have affected the country continuously since the 1970s. It depends on Official Development Aid and remittances by emigrants, which account for 20% and 14 % of the GDP, respectively. The main feature of the Cape Verdean economy, as opposed to most other African countries, is the predominance of the tertiary sector, which accounted for 65% of the GDP (1998) and employs 66% of the labor force. This disparity is due to the very limited scope for the primary and secondary sectors (accounting for 14% and 11.8% of the GDP in 2000, respectively). Poverty affects 30% of the population i.e. around 130,000 persons, 14% of which can be classified as very poor. Poverty is rampant mostly in the rural areas, but due to the increasing rural exodus, poverty is fast progressing into urban zones where 53% of the population resides. Economic development is primarily hampered by a combination of economic factors. Cape Verde does not have a lot of natural resources to export. The high transportation costs (air and sea), and the high cost of production factors (water, electricity) create individual challenges for Cape Verde to grow as an industrial base for small manufacturing companies. In addition there is a lack of qualified managerial staff for Cape Verde companies in order to grow. Successive Governments have invested strongly in education and Cape Verde has as a result a high number of university-graduates available for all economic sectors at all the islands. Illiteracy is at a low level (around 25%). However the educational programs do not answer to all the demands of the labor market. This is one of the reasons why unemployment is high (30%). Inflation has been decreasing and the Cape Verde government is working to keep it under control. Official current statistics put inflation at under 1.2%. The local currency is the Escudo or CVE ($US 1 = CVE 84). Socio-economic profile of Sal The population of Sal is around 15,000 thousand according to the year 2000 Census, however the population is expected to have increased since then. As Sal is a very arid island, agriculture is almost impossible on the island, considering the low availability of surface or ground water. Sal Island has one town and two large villages. The administrative center is in the town of Espargos, Santa Maria is the main tourist village and Palmeira is a port and fishing village. Life on the island revolves around the international airport “Amilcar Cabral”, tourism, port and fisheries services. Sal Island is one of the 3-4 islands in Cape Verde considered by the government to have strategic importance for tourism development. Currently, Sal is already a major center for tourism in Cape Verde.


It has the country’s biggest international airport, good roads, many hotels including a couple of 4-5 stars hotels and restaurants of international standard. In total, Sal hosts about 3000 hotel rooms. The expansion of the Services Sector in Sal in the final decades of 20th centuries, led to a fast economic development of the island, which also led to an unprecedented increase of the local population through immigration, especially migrants from other Islands, causing the population to double in just over ten years. Although the unemployment rate at Sal is lower than the national average, it is notable (7% - Census 2000) and mainly affects the female population. Sal Island has become specialized in the tourist sector, due to its natural characteristics. It is also well known for its diverse forms of music such as Morna (Cape Verdian Fado) and a wide variety of dances. They reflect the diversity of the Cape Verdian residents. Socio-economic profile of Palmeira port area In this context the expansion of the Palmeira port is part of the demographic and economic growth of the Sal Island. Palmeira village has a population of around 1100 inhabitants, well connected to the 2 other urban areas at Sal. Palmeira village has been expanding during the last ten years, as a result of the increase in port activities, which denotes the signs of the economic development of the island. The village of Palmeira has turned into an industrial centre at Sal,, due to the increase in number of vessels calling at Palmeira port, the warehouse and distribution facilities, the proximity of 2 main fuel tank yards and the presence of a electric power plant and desalination plant, both serving the entire island.

Baseline Environmental Assessment 9R9364.05.9502/FWIJ/Rott1 Final Report 18 December 2007

A COMPANY OF

Annex 1 Maps of Existing Situation and Future Lay-out option phase 1 and 2





Annex 2 Soil Investigations Report and Results

Environmental Site AssessmentPalmeira Port

23 May 2007 Final 9R9364.21

A COMPANY OF

Document title Environmental Site Assessment

Document short title ESA Palmeira Port Status Final

Date 23 May 2007 Project name Palmeira Port Modernisation and Expansion

Project number 9R9364.21 Author(s) Jacco Goedegebuur

Client MITM / ENAPOR Reference 9R9364.04.9451/JGBR/Rott1

Hoofdweg 490

P.O. Box 8520

Rotterdam 3009 AM The Netherlands

+31 (0)10 286 54 32 Telephone Fax

[email protected] E-mail www.royalhaskoning.com Internet

Arnhem 09122561 CoC

HASKONING NEDERLAND B.V.

ENVIRONMENT

- i - 23 May 2007

CONTENTS Page

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK 2 2.1 Objectives 2 2.2 Scope of work 2

3 SITE CHARACTERISTICS 3 3.1 Site surroundings 3 3.2 Site description 3 3.3 Site history 3 3.4 Previous investigations 4

4 SITE WORKS 5 4.1 Investigation hypothesis and strategy 5 4.2 Kick off meeting and Site reconnaissance 5 4.3 Drilling and sampling 8 4.4 Chemical analyses 9

5 RESULTS 11 5.1 Soil and groundwater regulations 11 5.2 Field observations 11 5.3 Soil conditions 11 5.4 Chemical analyses 12

6 INTERPRETATION 13

7 CONCLUSIONS 14

- 1 - 23 May 2007

1 INTRODUCTION

This document describes the Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) carried out as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) performed for the port extension in Porto do Palmeira, Isle of Sal, Cape Verde. The ESA is performed on request of the Division Maritime of Royal Haskoning and is carried out by the Division Environment of Royal Haskoning. The ESA was carried out according to the Royal Haskoning proposal drafted d.d. 1 march 2007 (Annex 1). This report presents the project approach, findings and evaluation of the ESA carried out by Royal Haskoning from April 10 to April 12 2007.

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2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF WORK

2.1 Objectives

The objectives of the ESA are to establish a baseline for soil and sediment quality at the site to be developed, and to assess whether or not former activities in the area have led to an impact on the soil or sediment quality in the area.

2.2 Scope of work

The approach for the ESA is based on the Dutch Standard NEN 5740: ‘Investigation strategy for exploratory survey’, which is considered suitable for this type of investigation and allows for a site-specific approach. The investigation comprised of the following activities:

1. Historic survey: desk study and document review; 2. Site reconnaissance and interviews with site staff; 3. Final definition of investigation strategy; 4. Fieldwork: drilling, sampling and field measurements; 5. Chemical analyses of soil and sediment samples; 6. Reporting and consulting.

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3 SITE CHARACTERISTICS

3.1 Site surroundings

Porto do Pameira is situated in a bay area known as Baia da Palmeira on the Isle of Sal, Cape Verde. Towards its east side the port area of “Porto do Palmeira” is surrounded by a small fishing harbour. In this area several fishing vessels are anchored and an area for loading and unloading the vessels is present. Also a small shipyard is present in this area. A residential area is located more towards the east and north of the port a residential area is situated. Two oil depots (Shell and ENACOL) are located on the east shore of the bay. In northern direction the port area is bordered by a power plant (now partly owned by ENAPOR) and an undeveloped area (partly owned by ENAPOR). A cement storage facility is located towards the north east of the port area. On the south side of the bay an undeveloped area is present. This area is included in the assessment as it potentially will be used for extension of the port.

3.2 Site description

The port area consists of the following:

• Container terminal; • Maintenance area; • Office block; • Loading and storage area; • Jetty.

Part of the undeveloped area and former power plant are also part of the ENAPOR premises, however are not in operation yet. No oil or waste is stored within the ENAPOR premises. Re-fueling of vessels does occur at the jetty, but is arranged for by Shell and ENACOL. Waste from the vessels is collected and removed by contractors.

3.3 Site history

Prior to development of the port area in 1985 and 1986 the area consisted of reef, rock formations (volcanic) and beach areas. The area was used by local fishermen; no industrial activities commenced prior to the development of the area.

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Development of the port included the installation of a jetty. The jetty is founded with concrete blocks and lies in line with the natural direction of the rocky shore.

3.4 Previous investigations

Sediment samples have previously been taken from the port area. Results of those samples showed no impact of activities in the port area. It is not known if any other site investigations were performed on site.

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4 SITE WORKS

4.1 Investigation hypothesis and strategy

Prior to starting the fieldwork activities an investigation hypothesis was defined. It was assumed that the site is unsuspected for soil contamination caused by activities previously performed at the site. However, attention was given to the following areas:

• Former power plant (north of ENAPOR premises); • Maintenance area (east part of the container terminal).

A site reconnaissance was carried out on Wednesday 11 April 2007 by Royal Haskoning in order to validate this hypothesis and to create the final investigation strategy. Details on the site inspection are presented in paragraph 4.2. The Dutch Standard NEN 5740 ‘Investigation strategy for exploratory survey’ for unsuspicious sites was used as a guideline for the drilling and sampling plan. Based on the fact that a large part of the site is covered with buildings, borehole locations were equally spread out over the remainder of the site. Given the subsurface conditions in the area (weathered rock) it was expected that manual drilling would be difficult and therefore the sample depth limited. Based on anecdotal information gathered through interviews with local staff it appeared that groundwater abstraction wells are present in the vicinity of the port area. The groundwater level is said to be around 1 mbgl. The port area itself is based on reef and rock and therefore has no shallow groundwater. It is said that groundwater in the port area is below 10 mbgl. Given the depth of the groundwater (deeper than 5 meters below ground level in the area of investigation) no groundwater monitoring wells were planned.

4.2 Kick off meeting and Site reconnaissance

On Wednesday 11/4/07 a kick off meeting was held with Mr Daniel Delgado (Manager Operations ENAPOR) in which the scope of works was discussed and the contractors introduced. During this meeting preliminary information was gathered through interviews with ENAPOR and the local contractors. The contractors are often contracted by ENAPOR and are familiar with the port area as they have been working and living in the area for many years. One of the contractors is a diver and is contracted by Shell and ENACOL for inspection of the underwater pipeline which connects the oil depots to an off shore unloading buoy.

- 6 - 23 May 2007

Following the kick off meeting and prior to conducting the fieldwork activities a site walkover was commenced in order to identify potential sources for contamination and finalize the investigation strategy. The following persons attended the site walkover on 11 April 2007:

• Mr. Daniel Gomes Manager Operations ENAPOR; • Mr. Silvestre Barros dos Santos Local contractor; • Mr. Francisco Dinis Local contractor; • Mr. Joaquim Almeida dos Reis Local contractor / diver; • Mr. Jacco Goedegebuur Environmental Engineer Royal

Haskoning. The observations made during the site reconnaissance are presented in the section below: Undeveloped area An undeveloped area north of the ENAPOR premises was visited. The area is currently owned by ENAPOR but is not in use for port operations yet. Water outlets from the power plant are located on the rocky outcrops of the area. Cooling water coming from the power plant is discharged into the sea. Several piles of scrap and waste were observed present in the area. The material mainly consists of wood, metal and plastic. No visual evidence for contamination was observed, nor where any objects with a potential for impact of soil and or groundwater. Power plant Part of the older power plant area is currently owned by ENAPOR. Facilities and installations are currently dismantled although no dismantling activities were taking place during the site visit. The area was formerly used as generator area. During the site reconnaissance the following areas of attention where identified:

• General condition of unpaved floor; stains were observed on most of the floor. The stains indicate spills previously had taken place;

• Shed for drum storage: The shed is open on all sides, fenced off with wire netting. Several drums are scattered on the floor, stains are present, indicating spills had taken place;

• Asbestos piping: asbestos pipe material is stored on the east side of the shed; • Foundations of above ground storage tanks are present on the east side of the

main installations; stains are observed in this area; • In the same area a gasoline pump installation is present. ENAPOR indicated the

installation is currently not in operation; • Main installation area: visual evidence of contamination with oil products, stains

and pools containing product are present next to the buildings’ foundation; • The building houses the generators, stains were observed present underneath

the generators. The remaining part of the power plant is relatively new. The plant is situated on the north side of the ENAPOR premises and blocks a potential port extension in northern direction.

- 8 - 23 May 2007

Container terminal The container terminal is paved with clinkers. Some stains were observed, but generally the pavement seems in good condition. No visual evidence for contamination was observed, nor where any objects with a potential for impact of soil and or groundwater. Maintenance area The maintenance area is located in the east part of the container terminal and consists of an operational fuel area, garage and inspection bridge. The floor area in front on the garage and around the fuel area is visually contaminated with oil related products. Jetty The area directly north of the jetty is used for storage of materials and loading / unloading area for trucks / lorries. The pavement in this area (clinkers and partly concrete) is in good condition. No visual evidence for contamination was observed, nor where any objects with a potential for impact of soil and or groundwater. The jetty itself is currently paved with a new concrete floor. A small loading / unloading platform east of the jetty is used by local fisherman. No potential objects for impact to soil or groundwater were identified in this area, although some non- hazardous waste was observed present in the area. Undeveloped area south of Baia da Palmeira The undeveloped area selected for potential port extension was visited. No activities take place in this area. Waste was observed present along the shoreline, flushed ashore by the tide.

4.3 Drilling and sampling

Based on observations made during the site walk over a site specific drilling and sampling plan was developed: Port area: 11 boreholes were planned across the existing port area. The location of the boreholes is based on observations made in the field and information obtained through interviews, ensuring the boreholes are evenly spread across the area of investigation. Undeveloped area: The undeveloped area does not show any sign of impact. Some waste is washed ashore by the tide, but other than that no abnormalities were observed. In order to gain a representative view on the quality of top soil in this area, three squares were set out at random. Five samples were then taken per square, resulting in three representative composite samples from the area. Sediment sampling: In order to assess the presence and quality of sediment in the port area, 6 sampling locations were identified. The sampling locations were based on information gathered during the site reconnaissance and specific anecdotal information from the diver assisting in sampling. Prior to commencing drilling all borehole / sampling locations were inspected by the contractor who is familiar with the position of underground services.

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On 11 and 12 April 2007 the drillings were performed and samples were taken by a field engineer of Royal Haskoning, assisted by the local contractors. As soil mainly consists of weathered rock most drillings were limited to a depth of 0.5 mbgl. All drillings were conducted using a hand auger. Sediment samples were collected from the harbour. During the sampling Royal Haskoning was assisted by a local diver who collected the samples. All samples were stored under cool conditions and labelled prior to shipment to the laboratory. A map of all borehole locations and the monitoring well is presented in Appendix 2

4.4 Chemical analyses

Samples were selected for analyses on different analytical suites based on field observations and requirements of the Dutch NEN standards. In order to assess the quality of top- and sub soils, 5 composite samples and 6 individual soil samples were submitted for analysis on a standard NEN-suite, which comprises the following parameters:

• Metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, nickel and zinc; • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 16 sub-parameters (EPA); • Mineral Oil (carbon bands C10-C40).

5 sediment samples were selected for analyses on the following parameters:

• Metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, nickel and zinc; • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 16 sub-parameters (EPA); • Mineral Oil (carbon bands C10-C40); • EOX (Extractable Organic Halogens); • OCB / PCB; • Particle size.

It should be noted that the samples were not submitted for analyses on a typical sludge / sediment suite, as the sediment only consisted of sand. Therefore an alternative suite was composed. Three mixed samples were composed in order to obtain representative results for a larger area. In order to determine the quality of soils at the location of the transformer unit, two individual samples were selected and submitted for analyses on the suite as stated above.

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An overview of the selected (composite) samples is presented in table 1. Table 1. ample selection

Sample ID Sample description

Sample depth

(in cm bgl)

Selected soil samples

(borehole code+number)

01 Near drum storage inside power plant 0-50

02 Near Above ground tanks inside power plant 20-60

03 Near generator building inside power plant 60-100

03A Near generator building inside power plant 0-50

04/05 Undeveloped area north of ENAPOR site 0-50 04 + 05

MM1 Container terminal 0-50 06+07+08+09

10 Maintenance area 0-50

TS01 Undeveloped area south of bay 0-50



S01 Sediment sample near jetty -


S03 Sediment sample outside port -


S05 Sediment sample south side of bay -

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5 RESULTS

5.1 Soil and groundwater regulations

Since national criteria on soil screening levels are not known to Royal Haskoning Dutch soil and groundwater standards are initially used as the reference criteria for the basis of this assessment. The Dutch screening values consist of a target or reference value (S-value) for a clean soil and an intervention value (I-value) for contaminated soils that pose a threat to human health or the environment. In order to apply Dutch screening values correctly, a correction for organic matter and lutum has to be applied. Values for organic matter and lutum were determined in the laboratory.

5.2 Field observations

This section describes the findings and visual observations made during drilling activities.

• In boreholes 03 and 03A contamination with oil (probably gas-oil) was observed, in borehole 03 the contamination was visually delineated in vertical direction;

• In borehole 10 a moderate oil/water reaction was observed, indicating the presence of TPH, probably gasoline;

• In sediment sample S02 chips of paint (from painting activities on board the vessels docked at the jetty) were observed present;

• Sediment sample S04 was taken from an area near the jetty which appears to be visually contaminated. It was reported by the diver that there are several of these areas near the jetty, however there is no continuous section that appears to be contaminated.

No further observations indicating the presence of potential contamination were made.

5.3 Soil conditions

The area under investigation mainly consists of weathered rock. Some sandy areas were encountered, but often rock was situated underneath this sandy layers. Most drillings had to be ceased as a result of this. The bay / port area has no actual sediment but consists of sandy areas with pebbles and some rocks. The sand found present on the east side of the jetty is moderately coarse. Sand closer to the shore (beach on east side of the bay) is less coarse than the sand encountered near the jetty. The diver explained that this fine sand is typical for the area. Closer to the port entrance the sandy areas become scarce and mainly rock is observed present. The area west of the jetty (outside port) consists mainly of rocks.

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5.4 Chemical analyses

Port area Nickel concentrations exceeding the Dutch Intervention value were detected in samples (01 to 05) taken from the port area. The concentrations are ranging from 74 to 200 microgram per kilogram dry weight (mg/kg dw). Mineral oil with a concentration of 6400 mg/kg dw was detected in sample 03A (power plant). The concentration is mainly caused by carbon bands C12-C22 (4600 mg/kg dw). The concentration does not exceed the Dutch Intervention value however is to be relatively high. None of the other compounds analyzed are exceeding the Dutch Intervention value. Undeveloped area Composite sample TS03 shows a nickel concentration of 110 mg/kg dw, exceeding the Dutch Intervention value. None of the other compounds analyzed are exceeding the Dutch Intervention value. Sediment samples None of the compounds analyzed are exceeding the Dutch Intervention value. The results of the analyses performed on soil and sediment samples are presented in a table in Appendix 3. The certificates of analyses are included in Appendix 4.

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6 INTERPRETATION

In boreholes 03 and 03A contamination with oil (probably gas-oil) was observed, in borehole 03 the contamination was visually delineated in vertical direction. The analytical results confirm that the contamination is delineated in vertical direction; the concentration detected in sample 03 (60-100) is significantly lower than the surface sample of 03A (0-50) which shows a concentration of 6400 mg/kg dw. The concentration does not exceed the Dutch Intervention value however as this concentration is mainly caused by carbon bands C12-C22 (4600 mg/kg dw) the contamination is mobile and could potentially impact a larger area. In boreholes 6 to10 a moderate oil/water reaction was observed, indicating the presence of TPH, probably gasoline. Analytical results indicate the presence of mineral oil (sample MM1). The concentrations detected do not exceed the Dutch Intervention value. Nickel concentrations were found to be exceeding the Dutch Intervention value in samples taken from the port area and 1 sample from the undeveloped area. Concentrations are ranging from 74 to 200 microgram per kilogram dry weight (mg/kg dw). Given the fact that all concentrations detected are relatively high, and the compound was also detected in an undeveloped area indicate that the elevated nickel concentrations are related to increased background values for this compound. The concentrations cannot be related to any of the ports’ activities in the area. In sediment sample S02 chips of paint (from painting activities on board the vessels docked at the jetty) were observed present. Sediment sample S04 was taken from an area near the jetty which appears to be visually contaminated. Analytical results of the samples do not show any concentration exceeding the Dutch Intervention value.

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7 CONCLUSIONS

This document describes the Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) carried out as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) performed for the port extension in Porto do Palmeira, Isle of Sal, Cape Verde. The ESA is performed on request of the Division Maritime of Royal Haskoning and is carried out by the Division Environment of Royal Haskoning. The objectives of the ESA are to establish a baseline for soil and sediment quality at the site to be developed, and to assess whether or not former activities in the area have led to an impact on the soil or sediment quality in the area. The approach for the ESA is based on the Dutch Standard NEN 5740: ‘Investigation strategy for exploratory survey’, which is considered suitable for this type of investigation and allows for a site-specific approach. Prior to starting the fieldwork activities an investigation hypothesis was defined. It was assumed that the site is unsuspected for soil contamination caused by activities previously performed at the site. However, attention was given to the following areas: • Former power plant (north of ENAPOR premises); • Maintenance area (east part of the container terminal). 11 boreholes were planned across the existing port area. The location of the boreholes is based on observations made in the field and information obtained through interviews, ensuring the boreholes are evenly spread across the area of investigation. The undeveloped area does not show any sign of impact. Some waste is washed ashore by the tide, but other than that no abnormalities were observed. Five samples were then taken per square, resulting in three representative composite samples from the area. In order to assess the presence and quality of sediment in the port area, 6 sampling locations were identified. The sampling locations were based on information gathered during the site reconnaissance and specific anecdotal information from the diver assisting in sampling. In order to assess the quality of top- and sub soils, 5 composite samples and 6 individual soil samples were submitted for analysis on a standard NEN-suite, which comprises the following parameters: • Metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, nickel and zinc; • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 16 sub-parameters (EPA); • Mineral Oil (carbon bands C10-C40). • 5 sediment samples were selected for analyses on the following parameters: • Metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, nickel and zinc; • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), 16 sub-parameters (EPA); • EOX (Extractable Organic Halogens); • OCB / PCB; • Particle size.

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In boreholes 03 and 03A contamination with oil (probably gas-oil) was observed, in borehole 03 the contamination was visually delineated in vertical direction. The analytical results confirm that the contamination is delineated in vertical direction; the concentration detected in sample 03 (60-100) is significantly lower than the surface sample of 03A (0-50) which shows a concentration of 6400 mg/kg dw. The concentration does not exceed the Dutch Intervention value however as this concentration is mainly caused by carbon bands C12-C22 (4600 mg/kg dw) the contamination is mobile and could potentially impact a larger area. It is recommended to remove the top soil layer from the area and landfarm the contaminated soil on site. In boreholes 6 to10 a moderate oil/water reaction was observed, indicating the presence of TPH, probably gasoline. Analytical results indicate the presence of mineral oil (sample MM1). The concentrations detected do not exceed the Dutch Intervention value. Nickel concentrations were found to be exceeding the Dutch Intervention value in samples taken from the port area and 1 sample from the undeveloped area. Concentrations are ranging from 74 to 200 microgram per kilogram dry weight (mg/kg dw). Given the fact that all concentrations detected are relatively high, and the compound was also detected in an undeveloped area indicate that the elevated nickel concentrations are related to increased background values for this compound. The concentrations cannot be related to any of the ports’ activities in the area. In sediment sample S02 chips of paint (from painting activities on board the vessels docked at the jetty) were observed present. Sediment sample S04 was taken from an area near the jetty which appears to be visually contaminated. Analytical results of the samples do not show any concentration exceeding the Dutch Intervention value.

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Annex 1 ESA proposal

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Memo

To : Renilde Becque, Franca Sprong From : Sjacco de Vos Date : 1 March 2007 Copy : Jacco Goedegebuur Our reference : 9R9364/M/501128/Rott1 Subject : Proposal soil and groundwater investigation Cape

Verde Introduction Royal Haskoning is preparing an Environmental impact Assessment for port developments in Palmeira, Cape Verde. As part of the baseline the quality of soil, groundwater and sludge has to be determined. The objective of the investigation is to determine the quality of soil, groundwater and sludge in the project area in order to define potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures as a result of port development activities. This memo describes the strategy, approach and activities for soil, groundwater and sludge investigation proposed for the port of Palmeira. Background The Port of Palmeira is located at the Western side of Sal Island. Directly next to the Port in eastern direction is the City of Palmeira. The port and the village of Palmeira are both located in the bay of Palmeira. Approximately 200 meters south eastern of the city is an oil depot located. Outside the actual port area, in north western direction electricity facilities are present. The surface of the port area in Palmeire is about 3.75 ha. The port area is covered with hard pavement. At present, Palmeira port, comprise of the following infrastructure: � Single docking terminal � ENAPOR administrative building � Storage terminals � Container storage area � Fish area � Power plant � Single point mooring system (buoy) According to verbal information waste materials are collected and temporary stored in the area between the large storage terminal and the fish area. Repair and maintenance activities are carried out in the building at the container area (western side). Currently, there is no information that chemicals (other than oils) are being used or stored in the port area. The port area is situated in the bay of Palmeira. The depths of the bay at the current quay are about 1 to 6 meters. According to verbal information waste materials accumulate in the corner on the west side of the quay.

Hydro Geology The local geological situation of the port area is not determined in previous surveys. According to regional geological information rocks can be found in the area and locally a top layer of sands. Currently, information about the groundwater is not available. Since the location is close to the sea, it is expected that groundwater will be present within 5 meters below ground level. Strategy and approach In the absence of National criteria, Dutch soil and groundwater standards are initially used as the reference criteria for the basis of assessment. According to the Dutch regulation the project area is divided in a land area and a bay area, because both areas require a different strategy and approach. Land area The general drilling and sample strategy for the land area will be based on the Dutch protocol NEN 5740: Strategy for exploring soil investigation. Based on the site specifics and field observations, this strategy can be adjusted to “fit for purpose”. Bay area The general drilling and sample strategy for the bay area will be based on the Dutch protocol NEN 5720: Strategy for exploring soil investigation. Based on the site specifics and field observations, this strategy can be adjusted to “fit for purpose”. Based on the available information the following sub areas are distinguished: � Area where waste is accumulating � Potential dredging areas Activities 1 Preliminary survey The preliminary survey will consist of a site walk over and interviews with relevant staff on site. The objective will be to identify all potential soil contaminating objects and activities that are present on the site. To meet the objective, Royal Haskoning wishes to utilize relevant documents, such as site “as built” maps with installations, pipeline information, sewer systems etc. Also it is relevant to identify all potentially contaminating substances used on the site, including their areas of application and storage. It is estimated that the review of documents, interviews and site walkover will take approximately 0,5 day. At the end of the survey the preliminary drilling plan will be drawn up as final. The drilling plan will be discussed with site staff (ENAPOR) to ensure that no drilling takes place at places with underground infrastructure (cables, pipes, sewers etc.). The drilling plan will also be discussed with the drilling company prior to proceeding with the drilling works. 2.1 Drilling and sampling program land area Based on the available information the following areas are considered of potential concern: � Temporary storage area of waste materials � Repair and maintenance workshop � Power plant area

The remaining area can be classified as “not suspected area” in conformity with the Dutch NEN5740. The groundwater level is not known at this moment, but for now it is assumed that it will be present within 5 meters below ground level. This proposal assumes that also manual drillings will take place and soil samples will be taken on the site. The drilling depth will be between 0.5 and 2.0 meters below ground level. However, in case field observations or depth of potentially contaminating objects (such as tanks) require so, drillings will be carried out till greater depth. The maximum depth for this drilling technique will be 5-6 meters below ground level. For only 6 drillings we do intend to use mechanical equipment to carry out the drilling activities. According to the NEN5740 approximately 39 drillings are required, however, due to the presence of a hard cover in the port area, it is considered that a maximum of 15 drillings will provide sufficient information. During the site visit the drilling and sampling plan will be made “fit for purpose”. In case visual contamination is found, and depending on the time available, it will be attempted to delineate the contaminated area. According to available information the site is covered with buildings, roads or hardening. It can be expected that in the areas of interest for this investigation hardening (concrete, asphalt) will be present. Based on the site inspection it has to be determined whether it is required to break the hardening in order to execute a representative soil investigation. It has to be determined in the field if this hardening can be removed by hand or that a core drilling team would be required. In this proposal manual labour or a core drilling team in order to execute these activities are not included, but are recommended to be foreseen. It is assumed that the fieldwork activities will take maximum 2 days on site. 2.2 Drilling and sampling program bay area Based on the available information the following sub-areas are distinguished: � Area where waste is accumulating � Potential dredging areas (also considered as general sludge quality in the bay) The proposal assumes that sludge samples can be taken with a so called “veenhapper”. A boat for taking samples should be available locally. The number of samples per sub area and the number of chemical analyses is presented in the table below. Sub-area Surface (ha) Number of samples Number of mixed samples

Area where waste is accumulating 3 50 3

Potential dredging area 0,2 13 1

The location of the samples will be measured with a GPS. It is assumed that the fieldwork activities will take maximum 2 days on site. 2.4 Chemical analysis Soil samples will be taken based on field observations. All samples will be preserved, conditioned and packed in cooling boxes before transportation to the laboratory in The

Netherlands. The soil analyses will be executed by Alcontrol laboratories, an ISO 9001 and ISO 17025 certified environmental laboratory, based in The Netherlands. Soil samples will be analyzed on the parameters as listed in the table below, also including the number of analyses that is estimated for this investigation. It should be noted however that the exact scope of analysis will depend on field observations and preliminary survey. Table: Chemical analyses

Analysis

Number

NEN suite soil:

Heavy metals, Mineral oil (C10-C40), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH),

Extractable Organic Halogens (EOX), TPH , lutum, organic matter

6

NEN suite groundwater:

Heavy metals, Mineral oil (C10-C40), Volatile Aromatic Hydrocarbons (VAH), Volatile

Organic Hydrocarbons (VOH), TPH.

1

Suite sludge

Heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), Mineral oil (C10-C40),

Extractable Organic Halogens (EOX), Organo Chloro Biphenyl, Poly Chloro Biphenyl,

Phosphate, Ammonium, chloride, Sulphate, Particle size (<2µm, <16µm, <50µm, <63µm

en <210µm), Calcite, organic matter, dry matter

3

In case additional analyses are required, based on findings in the field, the sampling plan will be discussed with the client prior to submission to the lab, especially in view of financial consequences. 2.5 Reporting The results of the environmental assessment will be presented in a draft report (PDF-format). After receiving your comments on the draft report, we will provide one hard copy and a PDF version of the final report.

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Annex 2 Borehole locations

Annex 2 - 7 -

Annex 2 - 8 -

Annex 2 - 9 -

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Annex 3 Analysis results

A

nnex

3

-

11 -

Ana

lytic

al r

esul

ts s

oil s

ampl

es P

orto

do

Pal

mei

ra, C

ape

Ver

de

9R

9364

Sam

ple

desc

ript

ion

01

02

03

03

A

04

and

05

MM

1 06

(10-

50)

+07(

10-

30)

+08(

10-

50)

+09(

10-

60)

TS

01

TS

02

TS

03

S

ampl

e de

pth

0-50

20-6

0

60-1

00

0-

50

0-

50

10

-60

0-

50

0-

50

0-

50

A

naly

ses

dry

wei

ght

92,5

91,4

87,9

81,4

95,5

90,6

95,3

93,8

93

or

gani

c m

atte

r 12

,9

12

,9

12

,9

12

,9

12

,9

4,

5

4,4

4,

4

4,4

lu

tum

(soi

l) 9,

2

9,2

9,

2

9,2

9,

2

6,9

5,

9

5,9

5,

9

met

als

(mg/

kg d

s)

Ars

enic

7,

4 -

7 -

<4

- 9,

8 -

12

- <4

-

5,4

- 6,

5 -

8 -

Cad

miu

m

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

<0.4

-

Chr

omiu

m

150

S

170

S

89

S

150

S

57

- 54

-

120

S

100

S

170

S

Cop

per

59

S

42

S

23

- 88

S

45

S

31

S

52

S

43

S

67

S

M

ercu

ry

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

Lead

<1

3 -

<13

- <1

3 -

15

- <1

3 -

82

S

<13

- <1

3 -

<13

- N

icke

l 18

0 I

200

I 10

0 S

14

0 I

120

I 97

S

84

S

74

S

11

0 I

Zinc

83

S

75

-

34

- 22

0 S

69

-

58

- 86

S

71

-

63

- P

AH

(mg/

kg d

s)

Nap

thal

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

1,7

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

A

nthr

acen

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

45

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

P

hent

anth

rene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

3,

3

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

Fluo

rant

hene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

18

<0

.02

0,

03

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

B

enzo

(a)a

nthr

acen

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

32

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

C

hrys

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,03

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

Ben

zo(a

)pyr

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

Ben

zo(g

hi)p

eryl

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

Ben

zo(k

)fluo

rant

hene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

In

deno

(1,2

,3-c

d)py

rene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

ac

enaf

tyle

ne

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,19

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

A

nnex

3

-

12 -

acen

afth

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,63

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

fluor

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

1,3

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

py

rene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

88

<0

.02

0,

03

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

be

nzo(

b)flu

oran

then

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

03

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

di

benz

(ah)

antra

cene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

P

AH

-tota

l (10

of V

RO

M)

<0.2

-

<0.2

-

<0.2

-

6 S

<0

.2

- <0

.2

- <0

.2

- <0

.2

- <0

.2

- P

AH

-tota

l (16

of E

PA

) <0

.32

<0

.32

<0

.32

9

<0

.32

<0

.32

<0

.32

<0

.32

<0

.32

E

OX

0,

13

- <0

.1

- <0

.1

- 0,

31

S

<0.1

-

0,7

S

<0.1

-

<0.1

-

<0.1

-

Min

eral

Oil

(mg/

kg d

s)

fract

ion

C10

- C

12

<5

<5

<5

95

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

fra

ctio

n C

12 -

C22

15

25

26

0

4600

5

60

<5

<5

<5

fract

ion

C22

- C

30

130

20

130

15

00

20

280

<5

<5

<5

fract

ion

C30

- C

40

110

5

55

220

30

250

<5

<5

5

To

tal o

il C

10-C

40

270

S

50

- 45

0 S

64

00

S

55

- 59

0 S

<2

0 -

<20

- <2

0 -

A

nnex

3

-

13 -

Ana

lytic

al r

esul

ts s

edim

ent s

ampl

es P

orto

do

Pal

mei

ra, C

ape

Ver

de

9R

9364

Sam

ple

desc

ript

ion

S01

S02

S03

S04

S05

A

naly

ses

dr

y w

eigh

t 78

,4

72

,3

82

,7

66

,6

75

,1

orga

nic

mat

ter

7,8

7,

8

7,8

7,

8

7,8

lutu

m (s

oil)

1,3

1,

3

1,3

1,

3

1,3

parti

cles

<16

um

2,4

parti

cles

<32

um

3,2

parti

cles

<50

um

3,2

parti

cles

<63

um

3,7

parti

cles

<12

5um

4,

5

pa

rticl

es <

250u

m

8,7

parti

cles

<50

0um

41

pa

rticl

es <

1mm

47

pa

rticl

es <

2mm

49

m

etal

s (m

g/kg

dw

)

arse

nic

<4

- <4

-

<4

- <4

-

5,1

-

cadm

ium

<0

.4

- <0

.4

- <0

.4

- <0

.4

- <0

.4

-

chro

miu

m

20

- <1

5 -

<15

- 20

-

36

-

copp

er

17

- 7,

4 -

<5

- 27

S

7,

7 -

m

ercu

ry

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

<0.0

5 -

0,11

-

<0.0

5 -

le

ad

13

- <1

3 -

<13

- 21

-

<13

-

mol

ybde

num

<2

-

<2

- <2

-

<2

- <2

-

ni

ckel

23

S

6,

9 -

8,5

- 18

S

22

S

zinc

37

-

<20

- <2

0 -

100

S

<20

-

PA

H (m

g/kg

dw

)

Nap

thal

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

A

nthr

acen

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

Phe

ntan

thre

ne

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,02

<0.0

2

Fl

uora

nthe

ne

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,07

<0.0

2

B

enzo

(a)a

nthr

acen

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

04

<0

.02

Chr

ysen

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

04

<0

.02

Ben

zo(a

)pyr

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,05

<0.0

2

B

enzo

(ghi

)per

ylen

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

04

<0

.02

A

nnex

3

-

14 -

Ben

zo(k

)fluo

rant

hene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

03

<0

.02

Inde

no(1

,2,3

-cd)

pyre

ne

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,03

<0.0

2

ac

enaf

tyle

ne

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

ac

enaf

then

e <0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

fluor

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

py

rene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

0,

07

<0

.02

benz

o(b)

fluor

anth

ene

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

<0.0

2

0,06

<0.0

2

di

benz

(ah)

antra

cene

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

<0

.02

PA

H-to

tal (

10 o

f VR

OM

) <0

.2

- <0

.2

- <0

.2

- 0,

3 -

<0.2

-

P

AH

-tota

l (16

of E

PA

) <0

.3

<0

.3

<0

.3

0,

45

<0

.3

chlo

robe

nzen

es (m

g/kg

dw

)

hexa

chlo

robe

nzen

e <1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

P

CB

(mg/

kg d

w)

P

CB

28

<1

<1

.1

<1

<1.2

<1

PC

B 5

2 <1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

P

CB

101

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

P

CB

118

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

P

CB

138

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

P

CB

153

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

P

CB

180

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

to

t. P

CB

(7)

<7

<7

.9

<7

<8.4

<7

PC

B (s

um,in

terv

entio

n va

lue)

-

-

-

-

-

PC

B (s

um,ta

rget

val

ue)

-

-

-

-

-

E

OX

0,

91

S

1,3

S

0,22

-

2,4

S

<0.1

-

O

rgan

ochl

orin

ated

pes

ticid

es (m

g/kg

dw

)

tot.

DD

T <4

<4

<4

<4

<4

o,

p-D

DT

<1

<1

.1

<1

<1.2

<1

p,p-

DD

T <1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

to

t. D

DD

<2

<2.3

<2

<2

.4

<2

o,

p-D

DD

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

p,

p-D

DD

<3

<3

<3

<3

<3

to

t. D

DE

<2

<2.3

<2

<2

.4

<2

o,

p-D

DE

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

p,

p-D

DE

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

S

um D

DT,

DD

E,D

DD

<8

.0

- <8

.6

- <8

.0

- <8

.8

- <8

.0

-

aldr

in

<1

- <1

.1

- <1

-

<1.2

-

<1

-

diel

drin

<1

-

<1.1

-

<1

- <1

.2

- <1

-

A

nnex

3

-

15 -

endr

in

<1

- <1

.1

- <1

-

<1.2

-

<1

-

tot.

aldr

in/d

ield

rin

<2

<2

.3

<2

<2.4

<2

sum

ald

rin/d

ield

rin/e

ndrin

<3

-

<3.4

-

<3

- <3

.6

- <3

-

te

lodr

in

<1

<1

.1

<1

<1.2

<1

isod

rin

<1

<1

.1

<1

<1.2

<1

alfa

-HC

H

<1

- <1

.1

- <1

-

<1.2

-

<1

-

beta

-HC

H

<1

- <1

.1

- <1

-

<1.2

-

<1

-

gam

ma-

HC

H

<1

- <1

.1

- <1

-

<1.2

-

<1

-

delta

-HC

H

<1

<1

.1

<1

<1.2

<1

tot.

HC

Hs̀

<3.8

-

<4.5

-

<3.2

-

<4.8

-

<3.6

-

he

ptac

hlor

<3

-

<3

- <3

-

<3

- <3

-

ci

s-he

ptac

hlor

oepo

xide

<1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

tra

ns-h

epta

chlo

roep

oxid

e <1

<1.1

<1

<1

.2

<1

to

t. he

ptac

hlor

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<2

-

<2.3

-

<2

- <2

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- <2

-

al

fa-e

ndos

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n <1

-

<1.1

-

<1

- <1

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xach

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<1

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<1.2

<1

quin

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<1

<1

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<1.2

<1

tot.

5 dr

ins

<5

<5

.7

<5

<6.0

<5

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Annex 4 Certificates of analysis

ALcontrol B.V. is accredited under nr. L028 by the Raad voor Accreditatie, according to the criteria for testing laboratories ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

All our work is carried out under the General Conditions, kept at the Kamer van Koophandel (Chamber of Commerce) in Rotterdam, Netherlands:Trade record: KVK Rotterdam 24265286.

ALcontrol B.V.Steenhouwerstraat 15 · 3194 AG HoogvlietTel.: +31(0)10 2314700 · Fax: +31(0)10 4163034www.alcontrol.nl

Royal HaskoningGoedegebuurPostbus 85203009 AM ROTTERDAM

02.05.2007

Dear Goedegebuur,

Herewith we send you the test results of the samples as specified in the sample description.The tests have been performed by the environmental laboratory of ALcontrol.For further information we refer to the information on the certificate. The results apply to:

Project name: : EIA Porto do PalmeiraProject number: : 9R9364.21ALcontrol report number: : 11167395, version number: 2

This report consists of 20 pages, 12 of which as appendix.This report also contains the following appendix :- mineral oil chromatograms

Should you have any questions or remarks concerning these results please do not hesitate to contact ourdepartment of customer services.

It is only allowed to reproduce the full report, no parts of it.

With this information we trust to be of serviceYours sincerely,

drs. M.G.M. GroenewegenBusiness Director Environment

Royal Haskoning

EIA Porto do Palmeira9R9364.2111167395

18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 1 of 12

Project nameProject numberReport number

Order dateStarting dateReport date



Code Sample type Sample description

001

002

003

004

005

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

01 0-50

02 20-60

03 60-100

03a 0-50

04+05 0-50

Analysis Unit Q 001 002 003 004 005

Dry weight wght.-% Q 92.5 91.4 87.9 81.4 95.5

Analysis marked with Q are accredited by the RvA

organic matter (550 C) % of DM Q 12.9


PARTICAL SIZElutum (soil) % of DM Q 9.2


METALSarsenic mg/kgdm Q 7.4 7.0 <4 9.8 12

cadmium mg/kgdm Q <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

chromium mg/kgdm Q 150 170 89 150 57

copper mg/kgdm Q 59 42 23 88 45

mercury mg/kgdm Q <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

lead mg/kgdm Q <13 <13 <13 15 <13

nickel mg/kgdm Q 180 200 100 140 120

zinc mg/kgdm Q 83 75 34 220 69


POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONSnaphtalene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 1.7 <0.02

acenaphthylene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.19 <0.02

acenaphthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.63 <0.02

fluorene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 1.3 <0.02

phenanthrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 3.3 <0.02

anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.45 <0.02

fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.18 <0.02

pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.88 <0.02

benzo(a)anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.32 <0.02

chrysene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 <0.02

benzo(b)fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(k)fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(a)pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

dibenzo(ah)anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(ghi)perylene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

indeno(123-cd)pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

PAH-total (10 of VROM) mg/kgdm Q <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 6.0 <0.2

PAH-total (16 of EPA) mg/kgdm Q <0.32 <0.32 <0.32 9.0 <0.32


EOX (Sum) mg/kgdm Q 0.13 <0.1 <0.1 0.31 <0.1


Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 2 of 12






001

002

003

004

005

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

01 0-50

02 20-60

03 60-100

03a 0-50

04+05 0-50

Analysis Unit Q 001 002 003 004 005

MINERAL OILfraction C10 - C12 mg/kgdm <5 <5 <5 95 <5

fraction C12 - C22 mg/kgdm 15 25 260 4600 5



Total oil C10 - C40 mg/kgdm Q 270 50 450 6400 55


Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

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27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 3 of 12






006

007

008

009

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

MM1 06(10-50)+07(10-30)+08(10-50)+09(10-60)

TS 01

TS 02

TS 03

Analysis Unit Q 006 007 008 009

Dry weight wght.-% Q 90.6 95.3 93.8 93.0


organic matter (550 C) % of DM Q 4.5 4.4


PARTICAL SIZElutum (soil) % of DM Q 6.9 5.9


METALSarsenic mg/kgdm Q <4 5.4 6.5 8.0

cadmium mg/kgdm Q <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

chromium mg/kgdm Q 54 120 100 170

copper mg/kgdm Q 31 52 43 67

mercury mg/kgdm Q <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

lead mg/kgdm Q 82 <13 <13 <13

nickel mg/kgdm Q 97 84 74 110

zinc mg/kgdm Q 58 86 71 63


POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONSnaphtalene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

acenaphthylene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

acenaphthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

fluorene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

phenanthrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

pyrene mg/kgdm Q 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(a)anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

chrysene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(b)fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(k)fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(a)pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

dibenzo(ah)anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(ghi)perylene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

indeno(123-cd)pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

PAH-total (10 of VROM) mg/kgdm Q <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

PAH-total (16 of EPA) mg/kgdm Q <0.32 <0.32 <0.32 <0.32


EOX (Sum) mg/kgdm Q 0.70 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1


Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 4 of 12






006

007

008

009

Soil

Soil

Soil

Soil

MM1 06(10-50)+07(10-30)+08(10-50)+09(10-60)

TS 01

TS 02

TS 03

Analysis Unit Q 006 007 008 009

MINERAL OILfraction C10 - C12 mg/kgdm <5 <5 <5 <5

fraction C12 - C22 mg/kgdm 60 <5 <5 <5

fraction C22 - C30 mg/kgdm 280 <5 <5 <5

fraction C30 - C40 mg/kgdm 250 <5 <5 5

Total oil C10 - C40 mg/kgdm Q 590 <20 <20 <20


Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 5 of 12






010

011

012

013

014

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

S01

S02

S03

S04

S05

Analysis Unit Q 010 011 012 013 014

Dry weight wght.-% Q 78.4 72.3 82.7 66.6 75.1


org. matter (600 C) % of DM Q 7.8


PARTICAL SIZEmin. parts <2 um % of DM Q 1.3

min. parts <16um % of DM Q 2.4






min. parts <500um % of DM Q 41

min. parts <1mm % of DM Q 47

min. parts <2mm % of DM Q 49


METALSarsenic mg/kgdm Q <4 <4 <4 <4 5.1

cadmium mg/kgdm Q <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4

chromium mg/kgdm Q 20 <15 <15 20 36

copper mg/kgdm Q 17 7.4 <5 27 7.7

mercury mg/kgdm Q <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.11 <0.05

lead mg/kgdm Q 13 <13 <13 21 <13

Molybdenum (Mo) mg/kgdm Q <2 <2 <2 <2 <2

nickel mg/kgdm Q 23 6.9 8.5 18 22

zinc mg/kgdm Q 37 <20 <20 100 <20


POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONSnaphtalene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

acenaphthylene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

acenaphthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

fluorene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

phenanthrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.02

anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.07 <0.02

pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.07 <0.02

benzo(a)anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 <0.02

chrysene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 <0.02

benzo(b)fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.06 <0.02


Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 6 of 12






010

011

012

013

014

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

S01

S02

S03

S04

S05

Analysis Unit Q 010 011 012 013 014

benzo(k)fluoranthene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 <0.02

benzo(a)pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.05 <0.02

dibenzo(ah)anthracene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

benzo(ghi)perylene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 <0.02

indeno(123-cd)pyrene mg/kgdm Q <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.03 <0.02

PAH-total (10 of VROM) mg/kgdm Q <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.3 <0.2

PAH-total (16 of EPA) mg/kgdm Q <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 0.45 <0.3


CHLOROBENZENEShexachlorobenzene µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1


POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLSPCB 28 µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

PCB 52 µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

PCB 101 µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

PCB 118 µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

PCB 138 µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

PCB 153 µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

PCB 180 µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

Total PCB (7) µg/kgdm Q <7 <7.9 3) <7 <8.4 3) <7


EOX (Sum) mg/kgdm Q 0.91 1.3 0.22 2.4 <0.1


CHLOROPESTICIDESDDT (sum) µg/kgdm Q <4 <4 <4 <4 <4

o,p-DDT µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

p,p-DDT µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

Total DDD µg/kgdm Q <2 <2.3 3) <2 <2.4 3) <2

o,p-DDD µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

p,p-DDD µg/kgdm Q <3 <3 <3 <3 <3

Total DDE µg/kgdm Q <2 <2.3 3) <2 <2.4 3) <2

o,p-DDE µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

p,p-DDE µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

Total DDT, DDE, DDD µg/kgdm Q <8.0 1) <8.6 3) <8.0 1) <8.8 3) <8.0 1)

aldrin µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

dieldrin µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

endrin µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

sum aldrin/dieldrin µg/kgdm Q <2 <2.3 3) <2 <2.4 3) <2

sum aldrin/dieldrin/endrin µg/kgdm Q <3 <3.4 3) <3 <3.6 3) <3

telodrin µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1


Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 7 of 12






010

011

012

013

014

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

Sediment

S01

S02

S03

S04

S05

Analysis Unit Q 010 011 012 013 014

isodrin µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

sum 5 drins µg/kgdm Q <5 <5.7 3) <5 <6.0 3) <5

alfa-HCH µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

beta-HCH µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

gamma-HCH µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

delta-HCH µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

Total HCHs` µg/kgdm Q <3.8 1) <4.5 3) <3.2 1) <4.8 3) <3.6 1)

heptachlor µg/kgdm Q <3 <3 <3 <3 <3

cis-heptachlorepoxide µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

trans-heptachlorepoxide µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

sum heptachloroepoxide µg/kgdm Q <2 <2.3 3) <2 <2.4 3) <2

alpha-endosulfan µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

hexachlorobutadiene µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

beta-endosulfan µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1 <1

trans-chlordane µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

cis-chlordane µg/kgdm Q <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1

sum chlordane µg/kgdm Q <2 <2.3 3) <2 <2.4 3) <2

quintozene µg/kgdm <1 <1.1 2) <1 <1.2 2) <1


Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

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27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 8 of 12





Remarks

1 The detection limit of this summation has been raised caused by a necessary dilution performed on one or more of thesummed components or caused by the analyses of a non-standard amount of samplematerial.

2 The detection limit has been raised due to the analyses of a non-standard amount of samplematerial.3 The detection limit of this summation has been raised due to the analyses of a non-standard amount of samplematerial.

Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 9 of 12





Analyses Sample type Relation to standard

Dry weight Soil According to NEN 5747arsenic Soil Destruction according to NVN 5770, analysis with AES-ICPcadmium Soil Dittochromium Soil Dittocopper Soil Dittomercury Soil Destruction according to NVN 5770, analysis based on o-NEN 5779lead Soil Destruction according to NVN 5770, analysis with AES-ICPnickel Soil Dittozinc Soil Dittonaphtalene Soil Own method, extraction with acetone-hexane, analysis with GC-MSacenaphthylene Soil Dittoacenaphthene Soil Dittofluorene Soil Dittophenanthrene Soil Dittoanthracene Soil Dittofluoranthene Soil Dittopyrene Soil Dittobenzo(a)anthracene Soil Dittochrysene Soil Dittobenzo(b)fluoranthene Soil Dittobenzo(k)fluoranthene Soil Dittobenzo(a)pyrene Soil Dittodibenzo(ah)anthracene Soil Dittobenzo(ghi)perylene Soil Dittoindeno(123-cd)pyrene Soil DittoEOX (Sum) Soil Own method based on o-NEN 5735Total oil C10 - C40 Soil Own method, after cryogenic grinding based on o-NEN 5733organic matter (550 C) Soil NEN 5754lutum (soil) Soil NEN 5753, pipette method with fast mineralisationDry weight Sediment According to NEN 6620arsenic Sediment Destruction according to NVN 5770, analysis with AES-ICPcadmium Sediment Dittochromium Sediment Dittocopper Sediment Dittomercury Sediment Destruction according to NVN 5770, analysis based on o-NEN 5779lead Sediment Destruction according to NVN 5770, analysis with AES-ICPMolybdenum (Mo) Sediment Dittonickel Sediment Dittozinc Sediment Dittonaphtalene Sediment Own method, extraction with acetone-hexane, analysis with GC-MS

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27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 10 of 12






acenaphthylene Sediment Dittoacenaphthene Sediment Dittofluorene Sediment Dittophenanthrene Sediment Dittoanthracene Sediment Dittofluoranthene Sediment Dittopyrene Sediment Dittobenzo(a)anthracene Sediment Dittochrysene Sediment Dittobenzo(b)fluoranthene Sediment Dittobenzo(k)fluoranthene Sediment Dittobenzo(a)pyrene Sediment Dittodibenzo(ah)anthracene Sediment Dittobenzo(ghi)perylene Sediment Dittoindeno(123-cd)pyrene Sediment Dittohexachlorobenzene Sediment PCB 28 Sediment DittoPCB 52 Sediment DittoPCB 101 Sediment DittoPCB 118 Sediment DittoPCB 138 Sediment DittoPCB 153 Sediment DittoPCB 180 Sediment DittoTotal PCB (7) Sediment DittoEOX (Sum) Sediment Based on o-NEN 5777DDT (sum) Sediment o,p-DDT Sediment Dittop,p-DDT Sediment DittoTotal DDD Sediment Dittoo,p-DDD Sediment Dittop,p-DDD Sediment DittoTotal DDE Sediment Dittoo,p-DDE Sediment Dittop,p-DDE Sediment DittoTotal DDT, DDE, DDD Sediment Dittoaldrin Sediment Dittodieldrin Sediment Dittoendrin Sediment Dittosum aldrin/dieldrin Sediment Dittosum aldrin/dieldrin/endrin Sediment Ditto

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18.04.2007

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27.04.2007

19.04.2007

Appendix 11 of 12






telodrin Sediment Dittoisodrin Sediment Dittosum 5 drins Sediment Dittoalfa-HCH Sediment Dittobeta-HCH Sediment Dittogamma-HCH Sediment Dittodelta-HCH Sediment DittoTotal HCHs` Sediment Dittoheptachlor Sediment Dittocis-heptachlorepoxide Sediment Dittotrans-heptachlorepoxide Sediment Dittosum heptachloroepoxide Sediment Dittoalpha-endosulfan Sediment Dittohexachlorobutadiene Sediment Dittobeta-endosulfan Sediment Dittotrans-chlordane Sediment Dittocis-chlordane Sediment Dittosum chlordane Sediment Dittoquintozene Sediment Dittoorg. matter (600 C) Sediment Own methodmin. parts <2 um Sediment Gathered from NEN 5753min. parts <16um Sediment Dittomin. parts <32um Sediment Dittomin. parts <50um Sediment min. parts <63um Sediment Dittomin. parts <125um Sediment Dittomin. parts <250um Sediment Dittomin. parts <500um Sediment Dittomin. parts <1mm Sediment Dittomin. parts <2mm Sediment Ditto

Sample Barcode Delivery date Sampling date Container

001 Y0239101 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)002 Y0239100 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)003 Y0239087 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)004 Y0239102 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)005 Y0239082 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)006 Y0239064 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)

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Appendix 12 of 12





Sample Barcode Delivery date Sampling date Container

006 Y0239092 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)006 Y0239094 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)006 Y0239104 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)007 Y0239162 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)008 Y0239149 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)009 Y0239129 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)010 Y0239173 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)011 Y0239155 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)012 Y0239151 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)013 Y0239168 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)014 Y0239078 18.04.2007 18.04.2007 ALC201 Sampling date (calculated)

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19.04.2007Project nameProject numberReport number




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18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007





Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007





Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007





Royal Haskoning


18.04.2007

Goedegebuur, Jacco

27.04.2007





Documents

Baseline Environmental Assessment · 1.2.2 The Port and nearby sensitive receptors 4 1.3 Project and alternatives description 5 1.3.1 Project description 5 1.3.2 Project alternatives