MTL TR 89-32 AD

EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS ON CRAZESINITIATION AND CRACK PROPAGATION

N IN TRANSPARENT POLYMERS00CN

JANICE J. VANSELOW, ALEX J. HSIEH, and JENNIE H. BROWNU.S. ARMY MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORYPOLYMER RESEARCH BRANCH

JOHN I. STEVENSU.S. ARMY CHEMICAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, and ENGINEERING CENTER

DTICELECTE

April 1989 S MAY26 1989 !

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

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MTL TR 89-32

4. TITLE land Subtit!e) 5 TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Final ReportEFFECTS OF SOLVENTS ON CRAZE INITIATION AND

CRACK PROPAGATION IN TRANSPARENT POLYMERS 8. PERFORMING ORG REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR4) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERWt

Janice J. Vanselow, Alex J. Hsieh, Jennie H. Brown, andJohn I. Stevens*

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT TASKAREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory Md.Watertown, Massachusetts 02172-0001 AMCMS Code: 612105.1840011SLCMT-EMP

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18 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

*U.S. Army Chemical Research, Developmentand Engineering Center

Presented at the Conference on Aerospace Transparent Materials and Enclosures, January 16-20, 1989.

19 KEY WORDS I Cointe on rcese a if nec-samv and idntimfy by black number)

Chemical resistance Crazing DecontaminationTransparent polymers Solubiliwtv Polymer materialsCrack propagation Poly(methyl methacrylate)Stress corrosion Polycarbonates

20. ABSTRACT ICan nuime an ne ue fulecea'v and idewatfy I block , mraberl

(SEE REVERSE SIDE)

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ABSTRACT

Transparent polymers being considered for use in Army systems must be evaluatedfor resistance to crack and craze growth in a chemical environment. Current tests fordetermining craze initiation include environmental stress crazing tests based onASTM D 790 and ASTM F 484. Results for a series of cast and biaxially stretchedpoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) materials, as well as several formulations of polycarbon-ate, show a range of critical strain measurements in crazing solvents. A polyurethane-based thermoset material showed superior resistance to crazing in several of these solvents.The effect of solvents on crack propagation in transparent polymers is demonstrated by adead weight loading apparatus and compact tension specimens based on ASTM E 399.Samples of PMMA are tested in o-xylene, water, and air. Immersion testing is also usedfor comparison. v-1 -

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INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory (MTL) has been working in conjunctionwith the U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development, and Engineering Center (CRDEC) forthe past four years (FY85-88) on evaluating the susceptibility of transparent polymers to fail-ure when exposed to chemicals. This is in response to the NBC Contamination Survivabilityof Army Materiel Policy, AR 70-71, which requires that all Army system materiel be hardenedagainst degradation in a chemical warfare (CW) environment. This includes the ability to bedecontaminated.

Polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are known to craze whileundfer mechanical stress. this behavior is .;alanced by exposure to organic solvents. !, Inorder to determine the level of degradation in a chemical warfare environment of currentlyproduced transparent materials, environmental stress crazing (ESC) and c.ra.K growth studieshave been underway at MTL and CRDEC.

This report summarizes much of the work that has been done on solvent-induced crazeinitiation and crack propagation of transparent polymers, including current studies on theeffects of water sorption on crack propagation of a PMMA polymer.

EXPERIMENTATION

Solvents and Materials

Several of the solvents chosen for these studies are considered simulants for chemicalagents. Simulants are chosen based on molecular weight, density, vapor pressure. and totalsolubility parameters similar to the actual agents, GD, HD, and VX. CRDEC has suggestedseveral simulants in its recent report. * MTL has been using diisopropyl methyl phosphonate(DIMP) for GD, and 1,5-dichioropentane (DCP) for HD.

Much work has also been done with the universal decontaminant, DS2, which consists of,70% diethylene triamine (DETA), 28% methyl cellosolve (MECL), and 2% sodium hydroxide(NaGH) by weight. It has been determined that DETA is the most aggressive componcrt 6fADS2 in environmental stress crazing studies of polycarbonate. DETA has also been used forsome baseline comparisons between MTL and CRDEC work. MECL has been shown to beaggressive in crack propagation studies. 4

Crack propagation atudies with PC and PMMA have been done with several organicsolvents. 4 5 O-xylene was chosen as a cracking agent for PMMA based on its total solubilitvparameter and its tendency to crack and craze this polymer. It is also noncorrosive towardsthe current apparatus being used for these studies.

LEWIS, R., LIEBMAN, S.. ISAACSON. 1L., SARVER, E. W., and (3RASSO, P. S. Chernical Agent Sirnulauzts fir Testng I Iransparent M'iaterials.Presented at the 1988 U.S. Army CRI)EC Scientific Conference on Chemical Defense Research. November 15-Is. 198. Ino be published.

1. JACQUES. C. 1-1. M.. and WYZGOSKI, M. (G. Prediction of E'iirontmetal Stress CrackingX of Polvcarbonate fromn Solubjiit Cottsiderations.J. Appi. Pol. Sci., v. 23. 1979, p. 1153 1166.

2. BURCILL. P. J., MATI IYS. G.. and STIACEWICZ, R. H. Analysis and Propertics of Some Commercial l'okinedivi inediacnlatc)-MasedMaterials. J. Mat. Sci.. v. 22. 1987, p. 483-497,

1. L EF. L.. Ii., and VANSI LI .. 1. Chemical Degradation and Stress ('rackinK o('Polvcarbonate mn !).V' r S Arniv Maier,;il 1Leeltnoi 'cxlkaboralory, Mil. JR 87-40. Septembher 1997.

4. 1 ISIII, 1, A. .1. and VANSLI A W. .1. 1. E 'nvronnental Stress C'razing and C'racking ol( ransparent I'okvoners. tI.S Ai\ niN Matertii Ieclnolo,-x1,aboratory. M'lL TR 89-12. February 1989.

5. VVNSELOW, J. i.' 11IFi-1-l, A. J.. and BROWN, J. Ii. E'ivironwnentaly L;4duJ Discontjnuiiism TnIrans'. ru.it l'olyiners. Prcsenza.d 1t theC1988 U.S. Army CRi)EC Scientific Conference on Chemical Defense Research. UJ.S. Army Materials 1'echnology L.aboratory, MTI,1 JR 89.21.February 1989.

OMN

Samples of materials have been acquired through several sources. These sources areincluded in the references. Most samples were collected through distributors wishing to gainsolvent resistance information.

ESC Test Development

The most widely used test, to this point, has been the static three-point-bend stress craz-ing test, based on the geometry of the ASTM D 790 flexure test. 3 This test is appropriatesince it only requires a small amount of liquid. Literature values of this test with PC andseveral crazing agents are available.1 The procedure and fixture for this three-point-bendESC test were developed at MTL and revised by CRDEC to be suitable for chemical agenttesting.* CRDEC added the use of a video camera to record results so that constant monitor-ing in a hazardous environment is not required. CRDEC has also initiated the use of a laserfor detecting craze initiation, which promises to be a significant improvement over the visualmethod.

MTL has also been implementing the ASTM F 484 ESC test, which uses a cantileverbeam specimen, for comparison to the three-point-bend test. Results indicate a critical stresslevel where crazing initiates as opposed to a critical strain level. This test is recommendedby MIL-P-83310 for PC, although the ASTM version specifies PMMA with appropriate con-ditioning requirements. MTL has been using this test for both materials. 5 6 Again, the can-tilever beam ESC test only requires a small amount of liquid and, thus, could be used foragent testing as well. The apparatus, however, is a bit more cumbersome, and larger samplesare required. In addition, a material with a relatively low flexural modulus or stiffness cannotbe tested with a cantilever beam specimen since the critical stress will be difficult to calculatewith a deflection greater than 15 degrees.

Crack Propagation Test Development

In order to determine a material's resistance to crack propagation when exposed tosolvents, MTL has been using a dead weight loading apparatus with compact tension (CT)specimens based on ASTM E 399. 4 -6 This test has been improved over conventional studies'by limiting the amount of liquid. Instead of immersing the sample in solvent, the test liquidis added dropwise to only the crack area. This test also has some advantage over the ESCtests since a full set of data showing how the crack increment varies with time can beacquired from one sample. To determine critical strain from the ESC tests, several specimensmust be tested. The specimen preparation for the crack growth studies, however, is morecomplex than the testing bars required for ESC studies. It is important to distinguish the dif-ference between resistance to crack propagation when exposed to solvent, which is determinedin this test, and resistance to craze initiation, which is determined in ESC tests. A materialcan be more or less resistant depending upon which test is used. 5

[,"FWfS. R., LIEBMAN. S., ISAACSON. I.. SARVLI . :. W.. and GRASSO. P. S. Chemical ,,i ,nt Simolants /or Testini' TransparwntMaterials. Presented at the 1988 U.S. Arniv CR I)C Scientific Conference on Chemical Dlense Research. Nocrnbcr 15-IS. nSN. lo 6'cpublished.

0. VANSELOW, J. J., and fISIEH, A. Evaluation of Transparent Polymters for Cheinicallv Hardened ,nny Systens. U.S. Army Materials lech-nology Laboratory. MTL TR 88-24, July 1988.

7. LHYMN, C.. and SCHULTZ. J. M. Environmental Testing of a Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thernoplastic. Polymer Eng. and Sci.. v 24. no. 13.September 1984.

2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1 shows critical strain measurements for several formulations of PC samples fromMTL and CRDEC work performed during the past few years. This collection reflects therange of values that can occur when different formulations are used, as well as possible dif-ferences due to test locations. In the case of Lexan 9034, one critical strain value wasdetermined at MTL, and the other at CRDEC; The references indicate where these resultswere originally reported.

Table 1. CRITICAL STRAIN MEASUREMENTS FOR POLYCARBONATE

Critical Strain Critical Strain Critical Strainin DETA in DCP in DS2

Name (%) (%) (%)

Lexan 9034 0.24 (Ref. 6), 0.30 (Ref. 8)

SL3000(GE) 0.34 (Ref. 3) 0.40 (Ref. 3) 0.32 (Ref. 3)

Makrolon 0.30 (Ref. 8) 0.31 (Ref. 9)

Lexan MR5 0.55 (Ref. 8) 0.87* 0.59 (Ref. 9)

PC from 0.30 (Ref. 5), 0.27 (Ref. 5)Swedlow

*LEWIS, R., LIEBMAN, S., ISAACSON, L. SARVER, E. W. and GRASSO P. S. Chemical Agent Simulants for

Testing Transparent Materials. Presented at the 1,988 U.9. Army CRDEC Scientific Conference on ChemicalDefense Research, November 15-18, 1988. To be published.

In order to compare some craze initiation studies which have been done on PMMAsamples, critical stress measurements, which result from the ASTM F 484 ESC test, can beconverted to critical strain measurements by dividing by the flexural modulus. Table 2illustrates this by converting critical stress measurements made on a series of PMMAmaterials 5 to critical strain values. These PMMA samples, under the trade name Acrivue, area series of cast (320, 350AC, 351) and biaxially stretched (350S, 352S) acrylics from Swedlow,Inc. Their formulations differ in molecular weight, as well as crosslinking agents, not furtherdescribed by the manufacturer. In Table 3, the critical strain values for the Acrivue materialsare similarly obtained and compared to critical strain measurements made at CRDEC with thethree-point-bend apparatus and the laser equipment.* The Polycast samples were acquiredfrom LORAL Systems Division. It should be noted that the variation in critical strainmeasurements with different formulations of PMMA can be as large as, if not larger than, thevariation in those of PC. In addition, the Polycast 76 material appears to have the best rcsis-tance to solvent-induced craze initiation of the cast acrylics.

CRDEC also tested GAC 590, a polyurethane-based thermoset from LORAL Systems Divi-sion, and found the critical strain measurements to be greater than 3.1% in both DCP andDIMP.* This was the best result of all transparent materials tested.

LWIS. R.. LIEBMAN. S.. ISAA(SON. 1. SARVER, F. W., and GRASSO. 1'. S. (Chcyncal ..l, 'nt Sinuants for Icsting lran.spcret

Materials. Presented :it the 1988 U.S. Army CRDI-I Scientific ('onference on Chemicol l)etense Research, November 15-1s. losS lo hepublished.

8. VANSELOW J. J., HENDERSON, V., and ST1VE.NS, .1 Crazing and Crackikzipn Transparent Materials. 'roceedings ot the 1987U.S. Army CRDEC Scientific Conference on Chemical Defense Research. CRDIEC Sp. 80I3. April 1988. p. 1301.

9. VANSELOW, J. J., and LEE. L. H. Stress Cracking of Thermoplastics. Proceedings of the 198M U.S. Army CRDOC Scientific Conterenceon Chemical Defense Research. CRDEC S1 87008, June 1987, p. 581.

3

Table 2. CALCULATED CRITICAL STRAINS FOR PMMA SAMPLES TESTED IN DS2 VIA ASTM F 484

Critical Stress Flexural Modulus Critical StrainName (psi) (psi X 10"3) (%)

Acfivue 320 1300 450 0.29Acrivue 350AC 1400 470 0.30Acrivue 351 2900 460 0.64Acrivue 350S 3200 450 0.70Acrivue 352S 5500 450 1.22

Table 3. CRITICAL STRAIN MEASUREMENTS FOR SEVERAL PMMA FORMULATIONS

Critical Strain Critical Strain

Material (%) (%)Acrivue 320 0.13 0.33Acrivue 350AC 0.28 0.43Acrivue 351 0.43 0.65Polycast 76* 0.60 0.87

Acrivue 350S 0.78 1.22Acrivue 352S 1.22 1.33Poly 76S (LORAL)* 0.87 1.50

*LEWIS, R., LIEBMAN, S., ISAACSON, L., SARVER, E. W., and GRASSO, P. S. Chemical AgentSimulants for Testing Transparent Materials. Presented at the 1988 U.S. Army CRDEC ScientificConference on Chemical Defense Research, November 15-18, 1988. To be published.

Crack Propagation and Water Sorption Studies of PMMA

Water sorption' 0 has been shown to significantly affect ESC measurements of PMMAmaterials. The samples tested at MTL were in a hood and contained less than 0.1% byweight of water. Table 4 shows the amount of water absorbed by these acrylic materials in30 days.

Table 4. IMMERSION RESULTS - WEIGHT PERCENT UPTAKE IN (24 HOURS) 30 DAYS

Material Water o-Xylene

Acrivue 320 (0.19) 0.91 (-0.04) -0.48-Acrivue 350AC (0.27) 1.49 (0.02) -0.13Acrivue 351 (0.25) 0.90 (0.02) -0.11Acrivue 350S (0.45) 1.46 (0.09) -0.02Acrivue 352S (0.15) 0.99 (0.28) -0.67*

*Surface crazing

Solubility parameters, 6, can be used to predict a region of crazing based on the differ-ence between the total solubility parameter of the solvent and that of thc polymer. Thetotal solubility parameter of water is 23.4 (cal/cm 3 ) I I PMMA or acrylic materials have arange of total solubility parameters of 8.9 to 12.7 (cal/cm 3 )'/'.11 The large difference betweenthe 6 of water and that of PMMA suggests that crazing and cracking would not occur. The6 of o-xylene is 8.8 (cal/cm 3)1 2 . t1 The closeness of the 6's of o-xylene and PMMA suggestthat crazing and cracking in PMMA will occur when exposed to this solvent.

10 BUIRCHILL, P. J.. and STACE-WICZ. R. II. Effect of Water on the Crazing of a Crosslinked PoAwnehvl inethacrvlatc. i Mat. Sci. I c1v. 1. 1982. p. 448-450

II. BRANDUP, J., and IMMERGUT. E. I. Polvner Handbook 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1975.

4

In Figure 1, the effect of o-xylene on the craze/crack propagation in a PMMA sample isillustrated. The designation craze/crack is used since this test cannot distinguish between thetwo phenomena. The three samples of Acrivue 320 are tested at initial stress intensityfactors (Ki) of 0.60 to 0.68 MPa*m1/2 which correspond to 45 to 50% of its fracture tough-ness. 5 Although water is known to plasticize PMMA and, thus, reduce its resistance tosolvent-induced stress crazing,10 when used independently in this craze/crack propagation test,it does not act as a crazing or cracking agent. A follow-up study is suggested, which tests amoist sample of PMMA, which is subsequently exposed to a crazing agent such as o-xylene.

15

A Ki -0.60 MPa.m ] 2 (in o-Xylene)

o a Ki "0.63 MPa.mU2 (in water)

/, o Ki - 0.68 MPa.mV 2 (in Air)

0 40 so 120 160 200 240 6.0 7.0 8.0Time (mint Time (hr)

Figure 1. Craze/crack growth curves for Acrivue 320 in o-xylene, water, and air.

Immersion results show a significant weight gain in water of PMMA samples, however, nosurface crazing occurs. In o-xylene, weight loss is demonstrated in four out of five of thesamples. This indicates more aggressive behavior than in water due to dissolution. The fifthsample, Acrivue 352S, shows less weight gain than in water, but the surface crazes whichresult indicate aggressive behavior on the part of o-xylene. Acrivue 320 was most affectcd bythe solvent, since significant surface crazing was seen, as well as a higher weight loss. Pre-vious craze/crack propagation studies verify the higher susceptibility of Acrivue 320.5 Thecrack propagation studies demonstrate the aggressiveness of o-xylene in a much shorter timeframe than that required for detection of surface crazing.

It should be noted that the range of values for solubility parameters for PMMA and PC19.5- (1.5 (cal/cmi ) (,I as opposed to a single value, is due to the large number offormulations in which these polymers exist. This is illustratd by the variation in ESC resultsshown in Tables 1 through 3.

5

SUMMARY

The results which have been summarized here identify some of the concerns that must berecognized when conducting different types of tests for chemical resistance. This includes care-ful identification of nominally similar samples, as in the case of PMMA and PC, and alsoincludes specific identification of the property desired, such as resistance to craze initiation orto crack propagation. Future studies are necessary to continue to assess newly developedtransparent polymers being considered for use in Army systems. In addition, modificationsshould be made to the crack propagation apparatus to prepare it for chemical agent studies.

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1 ATTN: DELHO-RT-CB (Dr. Sztankay) I SMCAR-MSI1 SMCAR-AET (Bldg. 335)

Copmander, U.S. Army Laboratory Comand, 2800 Powder MillRoad, Adelphi, MO 20783-1145 Project Manager, Cannon Artillery Wepons Systems,

2 ATTN: Technical Library Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 01806-5000.1 ATTN: AMCPM-CAWS-A

Director, U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency,8120 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MO 20814-2797 Director, Los Alamos National Laboratory, [,s Almos,

1 ATTN- CSCA-RQL (Dr. Helmoold) NM 375451 ATTN: T-DOT MS P371 fS. Gerstl)

Director. U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory,Abe.deen Proving Ground, MO 21005-5001 Comiiaander/Director, U.S. Army Atmospheric ScierSIes

I ATTN: AIMXHE-lS (Mr. Harrah) [Jbiii tory, White Sands Missile lange. 1M ' ijM 2-5 ,I ATTN. S[CAS-AE (Or. F. Niles)

Project Manager, Smoke/Obscurants, Aberdeen Proving Groind. SLCAS-AE-E (Dr. 0. SiiiieriMD 21005-5001 " LIAS-AR (Dr. E. H. Holt)

2 ATTN: AMCPM-SMK-E (A. Van de Wal) SLCAS-AR-A (Dr. M. Heaus)

I AICPM-SMK -T SLCAR-AR-P (Or. t, Bri e)I .i(AR-AR-M (Dr. R Sutherland)

Commander, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Comiand. AberdceProving Ground, MO 21005-5055 ,.-,evtu, . j.S. Army TRAO0C -ialsis .,i suand ,fnl i J

I ATTN: AMSTE-TE-i '4is i 1Aane, nM i8300: bt501

I AMSTE-TE-T I ATTN ATOR-TSLATOR-TOB (L. )ominouez)

Director, U.S. Army Ballistic Research Laooratory. AberdeenProving Ground, MO 21005-5066 'omander, U.S. Army Scientific and Technical Intormit

1 ATTN: SLCBR-0O-ST (Tech Reports) Team, Europe. Box 48, APO New York 09019-47 341 ATTN: AMXMI-E-CO

Drec" .r, U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity,Aberdeen Proving Ground, MO 21005-5071 omiander. Headquarters. 3d Jronance Battilion.

I ATTN: AMXSY-CR (Mrs. F. Liu) APOi New York 09189-27371 AMXSY-GC (Mr. F. Campbell) I AlTN UlUSA-iJH1 AMXSY-MP (Mr. H. Cohen)

5.M 10 1 v., w,-, v'u'ii

Comm and e r . I S . , m y T ox ,C ain d iIZ i i )-,% M i l , 1, -,,, . ' -i ,i , 1 0., - ,.

Aberdeen Proving .5.,jnd, '1 ,Ii -I, -- ,.ATTN: AI4XTH-ES

AMXTH-TE Headuarters, Wright Patterson Air Force Base. o3145433-6503

Cormander, U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, I ATTN: AFWALFIEECAberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5422 1 ASD/AESD

I ATTN: HSHB-O/Editorial Uffice I AAMRL/HET

I FTI-TQTR, Wright 0tterson Air Forte Bi e, is i 454 3) -i3-s,

N4o. ot MN. of

Copies To o I pes to

I AFWAL/FIES/SURVIAC, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, 0I1 iCmnanilp., 1)S. Army Foreiqn "cLenme and Technology Center45433-6553 22(1 Seventh Street, NE, fhar Iotesville, 4A 2290}1-5396

1 ATIN: AIAST-(W2I AAMRL/TID, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, oil 45433-t513

Director ,Aviation$ Applied Tectoology Directorate,

Commandant, U.S. Army Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Fort E'sits, VA 2160)4-5571OK 73503-5600 1 ATTN: SAVR r-ATL-ASV

I ATTN: ATSF-GACommander, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command,

Commander, Naval Air Development Center, Warminster, rort Monroe, VA 23651-500(0PA 18974-5000 ATTN: ATCD-N

I T: Code 60332 (0. herbert) 1 IHQ TAC/DRPS, Langley Air Force Base, VA 23665-5001

Cumrmandant. U.S. Army Academy of Ilealth Sciences,Fort Sam Houston, TiX 18234-6100 Commander, U.S. Army Logistics Center, Fort Lee, VAA7TN: HISIA-COH (Or. R. II. Mosebar) 23801-6000f

1 IISIIA-CDS (CPT Eng) I ATTN: AI(L-MGFI HSHA- I PM

onunander, U.S. Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs,Deadquarters, Brooks Air Force Base. TX 78235-SO()O) wrignt-Patterson Air Force base, .3H1 454J3

1 ATTN: IISO/RDTK I JTN. Jr. H. GranamI ISO/RDS I Dr. R. RunI USAFSAM/VNC I AFWAL/MLLP, Mr. 0. Forney

AFSC/MLLM, Dr. A. KatzCommander, U.S. Army Ougway Proving Ground. Dugway, I Aero Propulsion Labs, Mr. R. MarsnUT 84022-5010ATTN: STEDP-SD (Dr. L. Salorren) AVCO Corporation. Applied Technology Division, Lowell

Industrial Park, Lowell, MA 01887Coemiander, U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Oirqway, 1 ATTN: Dr. T. VasilosuT 84022-6630

I AITN: STEOP-SD-TA-F (Techical Library) Materials Research Laboratories, P.O. Box SO, Ascot Vale,VIC 3032, Australia

HQ, Ogden Air Material Area, Hill Air Force Base, 1 ATTN: Dr. C. W. WeaverU1 84056-5609ATTN: MMW14 Case Western Reserve University, Maccoiolecular Science

Department, Cleveland, Ohio 44106Director. U.S. Army Comunications-Electronics Cimwn, I ATTN: Dr. J. KoenigNight Vision a nd Electro-lpt ics Directorate, Fort Belvoir,4A 22060-5677 Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South,ATTN: AMSEL-NV-0 (Or. R. Buser) Bhinngham, AI 35255

I AFT: V. 3I. LpatiordCaomander, Marine Corps Developnent and Edciation I ATTN:,l.

ilvanticO, VA 22134 5n1"O PDA Eigiiering, 3754 Hawkins NE, Albuquerque, NM dlu9I TTN: Code 0Og, PWT Section I ATTN: R. E. Allred

Deputy Director, Marine Corps Institute. Arlingtun, Swedlow, Inc., 12122 Western Avenue, Garden Grove,VA 22222-0001 LA 92641

SATTN: NBC CD; CD2 I ATTN: M. W. Preus

Commander, U.S. Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency, Strainoptics Technologies, Iic., 108 W. Montgomery7500 Backllck Road, fildg. 2173, Springfield, VA 22150-3198 Avenue, North Wales, PA 19454

1 AITN: MONA-LM 1 ATTN: A. S Redner

Chief of Naval Rese.,-n, i01) N. Oninry Street, Arlington, Polysar Inc., Plastics Division, 1.0. dux 90, 29 FL llerVA 22217 .. trtet, Leouili,,-ter, MA 01453

1 AITN: Code 441 1 ATTN: F. R. Cowley

Comander, i.S. Army Maieriel (nrmiand, 90i Eisenhower loral Gystems Group, P.O. Box 35, Litchti d. AZ 35341)Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22113-0i00 AETN ,J. (rmn

I ATN: AMCCNI AMCSF-C Mcornneli Aircraft, P.O. Box o16, St Loui,, M0 b3l6I AMCLD I ATTN,: M,. J. Meador, f t. 35?

Comander, Defense Trrhnical Informatlon Center, CameronStation, Bldg. 5, 50101 Dilke Street, Alexandria, VA Uie(tir, U.5. Army Materials Technology Laboratoiy,22304-1145 , cat huwn. MA I '2 -0116 I

2 ATTN: OTIC-FOAC AT 5111. SI :.- TML

Commander, Naval Surface Weapons Center, Dahiqren, VA 2 4431 ATTN: Code E4311I Code 651 (Bromtleii)

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