Baseball and the Law

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Carolina Academic PressLaw Advisory Board

❦

Gary J. Simson, ChairmanMercer University School of Law

Raj BhalaUniversity of Kansas School of Law

Davison M. DouglasDean, Marshall-Wythe School of Law,

College of William and Mary

Paul FinkelmanAlbany Law School

Robert M. JarvisShepard Broad College of LawNova Southeastern University

Linda JellumMercer University School of Law

Vincent R. JohnsonSt. Mary’s University School of Law

Peter NicolasUniversity of Washington School of Law

Michael A. OlivasUniversity of Houston Law Center

Kenneth L. PortWilliam Mitchell College of Law

H. Jefferson PowellDuke University School of Law

Suzanne RoweUniversity of Oregon School of Law

Michael P. ScharfCase Western Reserve University School of Law

Michael Hunter SchwartzDean, William H. Bowen School of LawUniversity of Arkansas at Little Rock

Peter M. ShaneMichael E. Moritz College of Law

The Ohio State University

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Baseball and the Law

Cases and Materials

Louis H. SchiffJudge of the County Court— Broward County, Florida

andAdjunct Professor of Law

Mitchell | Hamline School of Law

Robert M. JarvisProfessor of Law

Nova Southeastern University

Carolina Academic PressDurham, North Carolina

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Copyright © 2016Carolina Academic PressAll Rights Reserved

ISBN 978-1-61163-502-7LCCN 2015955459

Carolina Academic Press700 Kent StreetDurham, North Carolina 27701Telephone (919) 489-7486Fax (919) 493-5668www.cap-press.com

Printed in the United States of America

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To my mom and dad, Sally and Mel Schiff,for teaching me the love of baseball

and encouraging me to pursue a career in law

L.H.S.

For Rachel, Misty, and Jennifer

R.M.J.

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“It’s a great day for a ball game. Let’s play two!”

— Chicago Cubs shortstop and Hall of Famer Ernie Banks

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Table of Contents

Table of Cases xv

Preface xxv

Chapter 1 · Introduction 3A. America’s National Pastimes: Baseball and the Law 3

Roger I. Abrams, Even the Best Lawyers Must Know Baseball 3Notes 3

Howard W. Brill, Baseball and the Legal Profession 10Notes 13

Mahn v. Harwood 16Notes 17

B. Early Baseball Labor- Management Disputes 18Metropolitan Exhibition Co. v. Ward 18

Notes 23Baltimore Baseball Club v. Pickett 24

Notes 26Griffin v. Brooklyn Ball Club 27

Notes 33Philadelphia Ball Club v. Lajoie 34

Notes 38American League Baseball Club of Chicago v. Chase 39

Notes 49C. Baseball and the Nation’s Anti- Trust Laws 50

Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore, Inc. v. National League of Professional Baseball Clubs 50Notes 51

Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc. 53Notes 56

Flood v. Kuhn 61Notes 73

Chapter 2 · Commissioners 79A. Antecedents 79

Metropolitan Base Ball Association v. Simmons 79Notes 83

O’Connor v. St. Louis American League Baseball Co. 84Notes 89

American League Baseball Club of New York v. Johnson 90Notes 96

vii

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B. Responsibilities 981. Player Conduct 98

(a) Gambling 98State of Illinois v. Cicotte 98Notes 99

Rose v. Giamatti 107Notes 111

(b) Drugs 112Major League Baseball Players Association v. Commissioner of Major League Baseball (Howe) 112Notes 128

Major League Baseball Players Association v. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball (Rodriguez) 131Notes 148

(c) Off- Field Behavior 155Major League Baseball Players Association v. Commissioner of

Major League Baseball (Rocker) 155Notes 166

2. Owner Conduct 170Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc. v. Kuhn 170

Notes 183Steinbrenner v. Esquire Reporting Company, Inc. 186

Notes 1963. Competitive Balance 198

Milwaukee American Association v. Landis 198Notes 205

Charles O. Finley & Co., Inc. v. Kuhn 207Notes 213

Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v. Vincent 214Notes 220

4. Operations 223Ludtke v. Kuhn 223

Notes 234Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v. World Umpires

Association 237Notes 242

5. Marketing 250Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v. Opening Day

Productions, Inc. 250Notes 259

ESPN, Inc. v. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball 260Notes 270

Chapter 3 · Teams 275A. Ownership 275

1. Formation 275Morsani v. Major League Baseball 275

Notes 278Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 281

Notes 287

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2. Sales 287Farmer v. Hersh 287

Notes 289Atlantic City Professional Baseball Club, Inc. v. Rodman 291

Notes 295In re Texas Rangers Baseball Partners 296

Notes 3023. Relocations 304

State v. Milwaukee Braves, Inc. 304Notes 318

Hollywood Baseball Association v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 321Notes 330

City of San Jose v. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball 332Notes 336

Selig v. United States 337Notes 346

4. Dissolution 348Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball, Ltd.

v. Ottawa Rapidz 348Notes 355

Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission v. Minnesota Twins Partnership 356Notes 365

B. Nicknames 366Las Vegas Diamondbacks, Inc. v. Arizona Diamondbacks, Inc. 366

Notes 369City of Anaheim v. Angels Baseball, L.P. 374

Notes 390Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v. Sed Non Olet Denarius, Ltd. 392

Notes 410C. Broadcast Rights 413

Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broadcasting Co. 413Notes 417

Baltimore Orioles, Inc. v. Major League Baseball Players Association 418Notes 428

In re Los Angeles Dodgers LLC 428Notes 437

Laumann v. National Hockey League 439Notes 450

TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP v. Washington Nationals Baseball Club 453Notes 458

Chapter 4 · Stadiums 461A. Construction 461

1. Funding 461Savage v. State 461

Notes 4742. Location 484

Southeast Land Development Associates, L.P. v. District of Columbia 484Notes 490

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3. Transparency 493Shapiro v. San Diego City Council 493

Notes 500B. Operations 501

1. Internal 501City of New York v. New York Yankees 501

Notes 504Schoeneck v. Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. 506

Notes 510Adams v. Detroit Tigers, Inc. 513

Notes 5172. External 521

Green v. Garrett 521Notes 527

Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v. Thompson 528Notes 534

Lewis v. Colorado Rockies Baseball Club, Ltd. 536Notes 544

C. Spectators 5461. Conduct 546

Swiecicki v. Delgado 546Notes 556

Hering v. New York Yankees 559Notes 561

2. Dangers 564Cunningham v. Rogers 564

Notes 566Fish v. Los Angeles Dodgers Baseball Club 568

Notes 575Martinez v. Houston McLane Company 576

Notes 585Coomer v. Kansas City Royals Baseball Corporation 586

Notes 599Baker v. Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. 602

Notes 606

Chapter 5 · Players 609A. Discrimination 609

Niemiec v. Seattle Rainier Baseball Club, Inc. 609Notes 616

Moran v. Selig 623Notes 627

Camacho v. Major League Baseball 637Notes 642

B. Compensation 6511. Salaries 651

Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp. v. Major League Baseball Players Association 651Notes 665

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Silverman v. Major League Baseball Player Relations Committee, Inc. 672Notes 680

Silverman v. Major League Baseball Player Relations Committee, Inc. 682Notes 689

Major League Baseball Players Association v. Garvey 694Notes 697

2. Endorsements 716Pirone v. MacMillan, Inc. 716

Notes 7213. Taxes 725

Backman v. Department of Revenue 725Notes 730

United States v. Strawberry 736Notes 739

4. Asset Protection 740Cordero v. Mora 740

Notes 742In re Marriage of Bonds 745

Notes 753J.H. v. Brown 757

Notes 7655. Agents 770

Speakers of Sport, Inc. v. Proserv, Inc. 770Notes 774

C. Injuries 778Maddox v. City of New York 778

Notes 781Brocail v. Detroit Tigers, Inc. 788

Notes 799

Chapter 6 · Fans 803A. Tickets 803

1. Pricing 803Abosh v. New York Yankees, Inc. 803

Notes 804Colorado Cross- Disability Coalition v. Colorado Rockies

Baseball Club, Ltd. 809Notes 816

2. Rights and Duties 818Davidson v. Toronto Blue Jays Baseball Ltd. 818

Notes 825McCoy v. Major League Baseball 826

Notes 830People v. Rishel 831

Notes 8363. Resales 838

Levine v. Brooklyn National League Baseball Club, Inc. 838Notes 841

Lainer v. City of Boston 841

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Notes 845Weinstein v. eBay, Inc. 847

Notes 8544. “Knotholers” 856

Detroit Base- Ball Club v. Deppert 856Notes 859

Right Field Rooftops, LLC v. Chicago Baseball Holdings, LLC 862Notes 877

B. Souvenirs 8781. Ownership 878

In re Marriage of Keedy 878Notes 881

Cohn v. Corinthian Colleges, Inc. 885Notes 888

Popov v. Hayashi 891Notes 898

2. Consumer Protection 902Blumstein v. Sports Immortals, Inc. 902

Notes 905Gentry v. eBay, Inc. 907

Notes 912C. Betting 913

State v. Lawrence 913Notes 915

Miller v. United States 916Notes 919

Chaset v. Fleer/Skybox International, LP 921Notes 923

Humphrey v. Viacom, Inc. 923Notes 931

Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v. Markell 933Notes 935

Chapter 7 · Amateurs 937A. Eligibility 937

1. Age 937Pottgen v. Missouri State High School Activities Association 937

Notes 9432. Residency 944

In re University Interscholastic League 944Notes 946

3. Gender 949National Organization for Women, Essex County Chapter v.

Little League Baseball, Inc. 949Notes 956

Landow v. School Board of Brevard County 958Notes 966

B. Risks 967Yeaman v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co. 967

Notes 975

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Shartz v. Miulli 976Notes 982

C. Officiating 983Coletti v. Florida High School Athletic Association, Inc. 983

Notes 986D. Supervision 986

Swanson v. Wabash College 986Notes 991

Primrose v. Amelia Little League 992Notes 994

Forrester v. WVTM TV, Inc. 995Notes 999

State v. Stoughton 1001Notes 1003

Index 1007

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Table of Cases

Principal cases are in bold

A. G. Spalding & Bros., Inc. v. F.T.C., 18A.V. ex rel. Valichka v. Pennsgrove/ Carneys

Point Regional School District, 983Abosh v. New York Yankees, Inc., 803, 806Access Now, Inc. v. South Florida Stadium

Corp., 816Adams v. Detroit Tigers, Inc., 513Allegheny Baseball Club v. Bennett, 23Alvarado v. Stander, 245Alwine v. Buzz, 198American and National Leagues of Profes-

sional Baseball Clubs v. Major LeagueBaseball Players Ass’n, 672

American Association of Base- Ball Club ofKansas City v. Pickett, 27

American League Baseball Club of Chicagov. Chase, 39

American League Baseball Club of NewYork v. Johnson, 90

American League Baseball Club of New Yorkv. Pasquel, 644

Anderson v. Baseball Club of Seattle, 846Anderson v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 983Application of Roberts, 666Arnold v. Cincinnati Sportservice, Inc., 546Ashby v. Underwriters at Lloyd’s, 801Assmus v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 948Astacio v. Astacio, 755Atlanta Baseball Co. v. Lawrence, 557Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc.

v. F.F., 586Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc.

v. Kuhn, 170Atlantic City Professional Baseball Club,

Inc. v. Rodman, 291Aubrey v. City of Cincinnati, 557

Averill v. Luttrell, 783Avila v. Citrus Community College District,

782

B.R. v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 1003Backman v. Department of Revenue, 725Baggs v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 958Baker v. Major League Baseball Properties,

Inc., 602Baltimore Baseball Club v. Pickett, 24Baltimore Orioles, Inc. v. Major League

Baseball Players Association, 418, 428,723

Baseball at Trotwood, LLC v. Dayton Pro-fessional Baseball Club, LLC, 291

Baseball Display Co. v. Star Ballplayer Co.,417

Baseball Office of the Commissioner v.Marsh & McLennan, Inc., 280

Baseball Players’ Fraternity, Inc. v. BostonAmerican League Baseball Club, 665

Baseball Quick, LLC v. MLB AdvancedMedia L.P., 17

Battaglia v. Stephens, 890Bellecourt v. City of Cleveland, 372Bertocci v. Indoor Sports Management, Inc.,

975Bickett v. Buffalo Bills, Inc., 826Blumstein v. Sports Immortals, Inc., 902Board of Education of the City of S. ex rel.

S.R. v. New Jersey State InterscholasticAthletic Ass’n, 944

Bonilla v. Bonilla, 755Boston Red Sox Baseball Club Ltd. Part-

nership v. Sherman, 410Bowman Gum, Inc. v. Topps Chewing

Gum, Inc., 882Brandes v. City of Deerfield Beach, 477

xv

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Brocail v. Detroit Tigers, Inc., 788Brooklyn Baseball Club v. McGuire, 38Brooklyn National League Baseball Club v.

Pasquel, 644Brooks ex rel. Estate of Bell v. Topps Co.,

Inc., 882Brown v. Board of Education, 635Buday v. New York Yankees Partnership, 410Bukowski v. Clarkson University, 782Butterworth v. National League of Profes-

sional Baseball Clubs, 278

C.B.C. Distribution and Marketing, Inc. v.Major League Baseball AdvancedMedia, L.P., 723, 932

Calderon v. Baker Concrete Construction,Inc., 518

Camacho v. Major League Baseball, 637 Campeau- Laurion v. Kelly, 557Canadian American Association of Profes-

sional Baseball, Ltd. v. Ottawa Rapidz,348

Cardtoons, L.C. v. Major League BaseballPlayers Ass’n, 723, 882

Carlson v. Town of South Kingstown, 1005Cavers v. Houston McLane Co., Inc., 801Cavoto v. Chicago National League Ball

Club, Inc., 846Central Manufacturing Inc. v. Brett, 975Cepeda v. Cowles Magazines & Broadcast-

ing, Inc., 236Cepeda v. Swift & Co., 723CFI Sales & Marketing, Ltd. v. Florida Mar-

lins Baseball, Ltd., 831Charlebois v. Angels Baseball, LP, 816Charles O. Finley & Co., Inc. v. Kuhn, 207Charlton v. Champaign Park District, 825Chaset v. Fleer/ Skybox International, LP,

921Chasnoff v. Mokwa, 855Chen v. Major League Baseball Properties,

Inc., 517Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v.

Thompson, 528Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v.

Vincent, 214Cincinnati Entertainment Ass’n, Ltd. v.

Hamilton County Board of Commis-sioners, 491

Cincinnati Exhibition Co. v. Marsans, 49City of Anaheim v. Angels Baseball, L.P.,

374City of Cincinnati v. Cincinnati Reds, 504City of Coral Springs v. Rippe, 1005City of Jackson v. Hersh, 289City of Jacksonville v. Raulerson, 975City of New York v. New York Yankees, 501City of San Diego v. Dunkl, 500City of San Jose v. Office of the Commis-

sioner of Baseball, 332City of Seattle v. Charlesworth, 855City of Seattle v. Kosterman, 855Claim of Weaver, 236CLEAN v. State, 477Clemens v. McNamee, 152Cleveland Indians Baseball Co., L.P. v. New

Hampshire Ins. Co., 567Club 400 v. State ex rel. Thetford, 923CMG Worldwide, Inc. v. Upper Deck Co.,

Inc., 882Cohen v. City of Philadelphia, 477Cohn v. Corinthian Colleges, Inc., 885Coletti v. Florida High School Athletic As-

sociation, Inc., 983Colon v. Strawberry, 739Colorado Cross- Disability Coalition v. Col-

orado Rockies Baseball Club, Ltd., 809Commonwealth v. Meyers, 5Commonwealth ex rel. Woodruff v. Amer-

ican Baseball Club of Philadelphia, 6Compton v. National League of Professional

Baseball Clubs, 244Continental Casualty Co. v. City of South

Daytona, 1005Coomer v. Kansas City Royals Baseball Cor-

poration, 586Corbett v. Chandler, 57Cordero v. Mora, 740Correa v. City of New York, 520Corzine v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 958Costa v. Boston Red Sox Baseball Club, 585Cottage Savings Ass’n v. Commissioner, 697Council of City of New York v. Giuliani,

477County of Brevard v. Miorelli Engineering,

Inc., 478Cox v. Arizona League of Professional Base-

ball Clubs, 244

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Cox v. City of Atlanta, 520Crane v. Kansas City Baseball & Exhibition

Co., 576Crook v. Commonwealth, 6Cuesta v. Immaculate Conception Roman

Catholic Church, 1005Cunningham v. Rogers, 564

Davidson v. Toronto Blue Jays Baseball Ltd.,818

Davis v. Atlantic League of ProfessionalBaseball Clubs, Inc., 244

DePiano v. Montreal Baseball Club, Ltd.,800

Detroit Base- Ball Club v. Deppert, 856,861

Detroit Tigers v. Castillo, 801DiMuro v. Industrial Commission of Ari-

zona, 245Donchez v. Coors Brewing Co., 520Donohue v. City of North Augusta, 484Dorsey v. Pittsburgh Associates, 520Duncan v. Tangipahoa Parish Council, 1003Duran v. Oak Lawn Community High

School District No. 229, 982

Ellison v. Kentucky Farm Bureau MutualInsurance Co., 1005

ESPN, Inc. v. Office of the Commissionerof Baseball, 260

Esposito v. New Britain Baseball Club, Inc.,528

Estate of Mantle v. Rothgeb, 723Everything Baseball Ltd., LLC v. Team Ath-

letic Goods, Inc., 17Ex parte Nall, 975

Farmer v. Hersh, 287Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore, Inc. v.

National League of Professional Base-ball Clubs, 50, 665

Felder v. Physiotherapy Associates, 800Fielder v. Weinstein Design Group, Inc.,

723, 766Finnesey v. Seattle Baseball Club, Inc., 825,

826Fish v. Los Angeles Dodgers Baseball Club,

568Fisher v. Maricopa County Stadium Dis-

trict, 501

Fitl v. Strek, 913Fleer Corp. v. Topps Chewing Gum, Inc.,

882Flood v. Kuhn, 61Florida Marlins Baseball Club, LLC v. Cer-

tain Underwriters at Lloyd’s, 801Florida Sportservice, Inc. v. City of Miami,

546Forrester v. WVTM TV, Inc., 995 Foster v. Shubert Holding Co., 826Francis v. New York Yankees Partnership,

607Fricano v. Chicago White Sox, Ltd., 556

Garber v. Office of the Commissioner ofBaseball, 439

Garcia v. Chapman, 650Gardella v. Chandler, 57, 644Gemignani v. Philadelphia Phillies National

League Baseball Club, Inc., 800Gentry v. eBay, Inc., 907George H. Ruth Candy Co. v. Curtiss Candy

Co., 721Gionfriddo v. Major League Baseball, 723Giraudo v. Buckley, 567Golden West Baseball Co. v. Talley, 505Graham v. Ambridge Area School District,

1003Greater Miami Baseball Club Ltd. Partner-

ship v. Selig, 330Green v. Garrett, 521Greenberg v. Sterling Doubleday Enterprises,

L.P., 899Gregg v. National League of Professional

Baseball Clubs, 244Griffin v. Brooklyn Ball Club, 27Griggs v. United States, 734Gutkowski v. Steinbrenner, 452

Haelen Labs. v. Topps Chewing Gum, 723,882

Hamilton v. Commonwealth, 1003Hanna Mfg. Co. v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co.,

723Harden v. Caravel Academy, Inc., 1005Hart v. Engler, 477Hart v. New York Yankees Partnership, 370Hartzog v. New York Yankees, 801Hawley v. Binghamton Mets Baseball Club,

Inc., 784

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Haymon v. Pettit, 902Heaney v. Costigan, 556Hendricks v. Clemson University, 948Hering v. New York Yankees, 559Herman v. Admit One Ticket Agency LLC,

846Hernandez v. Childers, 777Herrera v. Chisox Corp., 845Hickey v. National League of Professional

Baseball Clubs, 245Hickman v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 1003Hill v. State of Michigan, 1003Hills v. Bridgeview Little League Ass’n, 994Hirschbeck v. Office of Commissioner of

Baseball, 245Hollywood Baseball Association v. Com-

missioner of Internal Revenue, 321Holway v. Negro Leagues Baseball Museum,

Inc., 629Holzhausen v. Bi- State Development

Agency, 607Hornsby v. Commissioner, 730Hornung v. Commissioner, 734Houston McLane Co., Inc. v. Connecticut

General Life Insurance Co., 801Howe v. Detroit Free Press, Inc., 236Humphrey v. Viacom, Inc., 923Hutchinson Baseball Enterprises, Inc. v.

Commissioner of Internal Revenue,1005

IBEW Local 68 v. Denver MetropolitanMajor League Baseball Stadium Dis-trict, 501

In re Anaheim Angels Baseball Club, Inc., 800In re Baseball Bat Antitrust Litigation, 975In re Dowdell, 923In re International Baseball Association, 948In re Lehigh Valley Professional Sports Club,

Inc., 291In re Los Angeles Dodgers LLC, 428In re Major League Baseball Players Alumni

Ass’n, 411In re Marriage of Bonds, 745In re Marriage of Keedy, 878In re Monus, 392In re Rupp, 5In re Slawson’s Estate, 755In re Strawberry, 739In re Texas Rangers Baseball Partners, 296

In re Trombetta, 916In re University Interscholastic League, 944In the Matter of the Petition of Casino Li-

censees for Approval of a New Game,Rulemaking, and Authorization of aTest, 936

Indiana High School Athletic Ass’n, Inc. v.Reyes, 944

Inquiry Concerning a Judge (Luzzo), 846Interstate Business Men’s Accident Ass’n v.

Greene, 801

J.A. v. Little League Baseball, 1003J.D. 1 ex rel. Dixon v. Mississippi High

School Activities Ass’n, Inc., 947J.H. v. Brown, 757Jackie Robinson West Little League v. Lit-

tle League International, 948Jackson v. Downey, 528Jacksonville Bulls Football, Ltd. v. Blatt, 826Jacob Maxwell, Inc. v. Veeck, 521Jacobs v. Halper, 913James v. City of Long Beach, 826Jansen v. Hilo Packing Co., 723Johnson v. Doodson Insurance Brokerage,

LLC, 567Jones v. Southeast Alabama Baseball Um-

pires Ass’n, 983

Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp. v. Di-rector of Revenue, 889

Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp. v. MajorLeague Baseball Players Association,651

Kaplan v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 958Kaplan v. Vincent, 237Keck v. Scharf, 825Keesee v. Freeman, 562Kelly v. Marylanders for Sports Sanity, Inc.,

477King v. Burris, 246Kosher Sports, Inc. v. Queens Ballpark

Company, LLC, 546Kowalski v. Chandler, 57Kreitenberg v. Los Alamitos Unified School

District, 1003Kuebler v. Kuebler, 755

Ladd v. Uecker, 236Lainer v. City of Boston, 841

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Landow v. School Board of Brevard County,958

Laramore v. Illinois Sports Facilities Au-thority, 491

LaRocca v. Pleasant Valley Little League,1005

Las Vegas Diamondbacks, Inc. v. ArizonaDiamondbacks, Inc., 366

Laumann v. National Hockey League, 439,451

Lawyer v. Borders, 1003Lechnir v. Wells, 484Lee v. National League Baseball Club of Mil-

waukee, Inc., 899Lee v. Ziglar, 650Left Field Media LLC v. City of Chicago,

545Leonard v. Delaware North Cos. Sport Ser-

vice, Inc., 518Leong v. San Francisco Parking, Inc., 563Levering v. Williams, 5Levin v. Commissioner of Revenue, 777Levine v. Brooklyn National League Base-

ball Club, Inc., 838 Lewis v. Colorado Rockies Baseball Club,

Ltd., 536 Lewis v. Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club,

L.P., 520Lieberman v. Saddle River Township, 528Little League Baseball, Inc. v. Daytona Beach

Little League, Inc., 958Loaiza v. Loaiza, 755Loyola Marymount University v. Hartford

Accident & Indemnity Co., 1005Ludtke v. Kuhn, 223

Mack v. New York Yankees Partnership, 607MacLean v. First Northwest Industries of

America, Inc., 806Maddox v. City of New York, 778, 784 Magielski v. Sheriff of St. Lucie County, 561Mahn v. Harwood, 16 Main Street Baseball, LLC v. Binghamton

Mets Baseball Club, Inc., 290Major League Baseball v. Butterworth, 365Major League Baseball v. Crist, 279, 365Major League Baseball v. Morsani, 280Major League Baseball Players Ass’n v. Dad’s

Kid Corp., 882

Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Commissioner of Major LeagueBaseball (Howe), 112

Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Commissioner of Major LeagueBaseball (Rocker), 155

Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Garvey, 694

Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Office of the Commissioner of Base-ball (Rodriguez), 131

Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Opening Day Productions, Inc., 250

Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Pacific Trading Cards, Inc., 882

Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Salvino, Inc., 411

Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Sed Non Olet Denarius, Ltd., 392

Major League Umpires Association v. Amer-ican League of Professional BaseballClubs, 243

Mandel v. Brooklyn National League Base-ball Club, 841

Marquez v. Gomez, 975Marshall v. Marshall, 756Martin v. City of Philadelphia, 477Martinez v. Houston McLane Company,

576 Marucci Sports, L.L.C. v. National Colle-

giate Athletic Ass’n, 975Mayhugh v. State, 585Mayor and City Council of Baltimore v. Bal-

timore Football Club Inc., 319McCabe v. City of New York, 975McCoy v. Major League Baseball, 826 McElroy v. Pernell, 1003McKee v. Gilg, 561Media Sports League, Inc. v. Commissioner

of Internal Revenue, 1005Metcalf v. Town of Northbridge, 528Metropolitan Base Ball Association v. Sim-

mons, 79 Metropolitan Exhibition Co. v. Ewing, 23Metropolitan Exhibition Co. v. Ward, 18Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission

v. Minnesota Twins Partnership, 356 Miles v. Montreal Baseball Club, 801Miller v. Pittsburgh Athletic Co., 837Miller v. United States, 916

TABLE OF CASES xix

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Milwaukee American Association v. Lan-dis, 198

Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club v. Wis-consin Department of Health and So-cial Services, 528

Minnesota Twins Partnership v. Commis-sioner of Revenue, 889

Mirabelle v. Prospect Little League, Inc.,948

Miranda v. Selig, 206Mississippi High School Activities Ass’n,

Inc. v. Farris, 986Montefusco v. ESPN, Inc., 236Moran v. Selig, 623 Morsani v. Major League Baseball, 275 Morse v. Ripken, 756Moschenross v. St. Louis County, 477Murray v. Town of Hudson, 975Muzikowski v. Paramount Pictures Corp.,

1005

Nathans v. Offerman, 783National Collegiate Athletic Ass’n v. Christie,

936National Exhibition Co. v. Fass, 417National Organization for Women, Essex

County Chapter v. Little League Base-ball, Inc., 949

New York State Division of Human Rightsv. New York- Pennsylvania ProfessionalBaseball League, 244

Newcombe v. Adolf Coors Co., 723Nickelson v. State ex rel. Blitch, 5Niemiec v. Seattle Rainier Baseball Club,

Inc., 609 Nilon Bros. Enterprises v. Lucente, 546Norton v. Anderson, 755Norwell v. Cincinnati, 846

O’Boyle v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 975 O’Connor v. St. Louis American League

Baseball Co., 84 Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v.

Markell, 933 Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v.

World Umpires Association, 237 O’Hara v. Chicago Title & Trust Co., 825Oliver v. National Collegiate Athletic Ass’n,

777

Ollier v. Sweetwater Union High SchoolDistrict, 966

OneBeacon America Insurance Co. v. Cityof Zion, Illinois, 484

Padres L.P. v. Henderson, 500Painter v. State, 923Parks v. Steinbrenner, 245Passante v. McWilliam, 882Pathman v. Grey Flannel Auctions, Inc., 913People v. Cole, 1003People v. Novak, 1003People v. Rishel, 831 People v. Trabucchi, 846Philadelphia Ball Club v. Lajoie, 34 Philadelphia Ball Club, Ltd. v. Hallman, 23Phillips v. Selig, 243Piazza v. Major League Baseball, 278Pilot Air Freight Corporation v. City of Buf-

falo, 482Pirone v. MacMillan, Inc., 716 Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broad-

casting Co., 413 Pittsburgh Baseball, Inc. v. Stadium Au-

thority of City of Pittsburgh, 348Platinum Links Entertainment v. Atlantic

City Surf Professional Baseball Club,Inc., 295

Plessy v. Ferguson, 628Pomeroy v. Little League Baseball of

Collingswood, 1005Popov v. Hayashi, 891Postema v. National League of Professional

Baseball Clubs, 244Pottgen v. Missouri State High School Ac-

tivities Association, 937 Primrose v. Amelia Little League, 992 Prince William Professional Baseball Club,

Inc. v. Boulton, 291ProBatter Sports, LLC v. Sports Tutor, Inc.,

17Professional Sports, Inc. v. Gillette Secu-

rity, Inc., 563Puerto Rico Amateur Baseball Federation

v. USA Baseball, 948

Rasmussen v. Rasmussen, 755Ratledge v. Perdue, 800Ravelo Monegro v. Rosa, 1003

xx TABLE OF CASES

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Rector v. Major League Baseball AdvancedMedia, 236

Reebok International Ltd. v. McLaughlin,740

Reed- Jennings v. Baseball Club of Seattle,L.P., 600

Reyes v. City of New York, 1005Ricci v. DeStefano, 692Right Field Rooftops, LLC v. Chicago Base-

ball Holdings, LLC, 862 Right Field Rooftops, LLC v. Chicago Cubs

Baseball Club, LLC, 877Ritter v. Shamas, 755Robbins v. Kentucky High School Athletic

Ass’n, 947Robert Siegel, Inc. v. District of Columbia,

490Roper v. City of Clearwater, 477Rose v. Giamatti, 107 Ruff v. Board of Directors of Alliance Hot

Stove League, 1005Ruffino v. New York City Transit Author-

ity, 608Rung v. Pittsburgh Associates, LP, 607Runge v. National League of Baseball, 245Ruth v. Educational Films, Inc., 721Ryan v. Volpone Stamp Co., Inc., 723

Salerno v. American League of ProfessionalBaseball Clubs, 52, 243

Salerno v. Kuhn, 53San Francisco Baseball Associates, L.P. v.

Ravelo Monegro, 1003Sarasota Citizens for Responsible Govern-

ment v. City of Sarasota, 501Savage v. State, 461 Schneider v. City of Jackson, 501Schoeneck v. Chicago National League Ball

Club, Inc., 506 Score Board, Inc. v. Upper Deck Co., 725Scott v. State, 975Seko Air Freight, Inc. v. Transworld Sys-

tems, Inc., 830Selig v. United States, 337 Senne v. Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp.,

206Shamsky v. Garan, Inc., 723Shapiro v. San Diego City Council, 493 Shartz v. Miulli, 976

Shenkman v. O’Malley, 198Sielicki v. New York Yankees, 801Silverman v. Major League Baseball Player

Relations Committee, Inc., 672, 682 Simmons v. United States, 734Singley v. Smith, 10Sisson v. Virginia High School League, Inc.,

943Smith v. McMullen, 198Smith & Edwards v. Golden Spike Little

League, 1003Snider v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co.,

564Soderholm v. Chicago National League Ball

Club, Inc., 825Solares v. City of Miami, 477Soule v. Town of Colonie, 528South Shore Baseball, LLC v. DeJesus, 586Southeast Land Development Associates,

L.P. v. District of Columbia, 484 Southport Little League v. Vaughan, 1003Spahn v. Julian Messner, Inc., 723Speakers of Sport, Inc. v. Proserv, Inc., 770 Sportservice Corp. v. Pittsburgh Athletic

Co. Inc., 546SSG Baseball, LLC v. Select Sports Group,

LLC, 774State v. Hayes, 906State v. Hogriever, 5State v. Jimenez, 1003State v. Lawrence, 913 State v. Milwaukee Braves, Inc., 304 State v. O’Rourk, 5State v. Postorino, 919State v. Powell, 5State v. Regan, 913State v. Stoughton, 1001 State v. Warner, 906State ex rel. Bowers v. Scott, 1003State of Illinois v. Cicotte, 98 State of Washington v. American League of

Professional Baseball Clubs, 348Steele v. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.,

521Stefanoni v. Darien Little League, Inc., 1003Steinbrenner v. Esquire Reporting Com-

pany, Inc., 186 Sterling Industries v. Ball Bearing Pen Corp.,

667

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Stineman v. Fontbonne College, 991Stow v. Los Angeles Dodgers, 608Sundra v. St. Louis American League Base-

ball Club, 618Swanson v. Wabash College, 986 SWB Yankees LLC v. Wintermantel, 501Sweeney v. City of Bettendorf, 976Swiecicki v. Delgado, 546 Swingaway Sports Products, Inc. v. Escalade,

Inc., 17

Tacopina v. O’Keeffe, 236Talladega Little League, Inc. v. Anderson,

943Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. v. Commis-

sioner of Internal Revenue, 281 Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. v. Standard Se-

curity Life Insurance Co. of New York,801

Tarantino v. Queens Ballpark CompanyLLC, 600

TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP v.Washington Nationals Baseball Club,453

TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP v.WN Partner, LLC, 458, 459

Thayer v. Spaulding, 5The Sparta Group, Inc. v. Morgan Stanley

Smith Barney, LLC, 774Thiel v. Louisiana High School Athletic

Ass’n, 982Thomas v. Kearney Little League Baseball

Ass’n, 1003Thomas Jefferson University v. Shalala, 697Tiger Stadium Fan Club, Inc. v. Governor,

477Times Publishing Company, Inc. v. City of

St. Petersburg, 501Toledo Mud Hens Baseball Club, Inc. v.

Mudhen Espresso, Inc., 370Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc., 53, 57 Toone v. Adams, 245, 246Topps Chewing Gum, Inc. v. Fleer Corp.,

882Truex v. Hearst Communications, Inc., 236Twin City Sportservice, Inc. v. Charles O.

Finley & Co., Inc., 546

Uhlaender v. Henricksen, 723

United Church of Christ v. Gateway Eco-nomic Development Corp. of GreaterCleveland, Inc., 372

United States v. Bonds, 150, 698United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball

Co., 697United States v. Comprehensive Drug Test-

ing, Inc., 149United States v. Dominguez, 650United States v. McLain, 740United States v. Mount, 855United States v. Roberts, 1003United States v. Spira, 197United States v. Strawberry, 736 USA Baseball v. City of New York, 975

Vaughn v. Commonwealth, Department ofPublic Welfare, 975

Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton, 983Villone v. Villone, 755

Wallace v. Kato, 556Walsh v. St. Louis National Baseball Club,

Inc., 826Warren v. United States Specialty Sports

Ass’n, 986Washington v. Baenziger, 777Washington Nationals Baseball Club, LLC v.

TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP,458

Washington State Major League BaseballStadium Public Facilities District v.Huber, Hunt & Nichols- Kiewit Con-struction Co., 478

Watson v. Avery, 17Watts v. Thompson, 477Wayne Baseball, Inc. v. Commissioner, 1005Weegham v. Killefer, 49Wein v. St. Lucie County, Florida, 816Weinstein v. eBay, Inc., 847 Welch v. Young, 1005West v. Sundown Little League of Stockton,

Inc., 975White v. Kolinsky, 777Williams v. The MLB Network, Inc., 994Wills v. Commissioner, 733Wilson Sporting Goods Co. v. Hickox, 245Winner v. Winner, 755

xxii TABLE OF CASES

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Wisconsin Department of Revenue v. Mil-waukee Brewers Baseball, 889

Wolf v. Rawlings Sporting Goods Co., Inc.,783

Woodford v. City of St. Petersburg, 528,902

Woy v. Turner, 775Wright v. Bonds, 775Wright v. SunTrust Bank, Inc., 777

Yanero v. Davis, 975Yeaman v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co., 967 Young v. Swirsky, 913

Zachardy v. Geneva College, 783Zimbauer v. Milwaukee Orthopaedic Group,

Ltd., 800Zona v. Clark University, 983

TABLE OF CASES xxiii

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xxv

* We know of 13 such schools: Capital University, Case Western Reserve University, Hamline Uni-versity, Harvard University, IIT Chicago- Kent College of Law, Massachusetts School of Law, RutgersUniversity— Camden, South Texas College of Law, Texas Southern University, University of Arkansas—Fayetteville, University of Houston, University of Michigan, and University of Virginia.

Preface

Due to the lack of an organizing text, only a handful of law schools have ever of-fered a “Baseball and the Law” course.* We hope this casebook helps lead to a muchlonger list.

No book of any sort is ever the work of just the individuals whose names appear onthe cover. This one is no exception. We are particularly grateful to our wives, Judith A.Jarvis and Leslee L. Schiff, who supported us through many long days and nights of writ-ing and editing. Other family members also provided assistance, including Richard M. Berger,Mark H. Mellman, Amber L. Schiff, Erik L. Schiff, and Fred Schiff.

We owe many thanks to our publisher, Dr. Keith R. Sipe, and all the staff members atCarolina Academic Press. Their enthusiasm and constant encouragement have been mostgratifying.

Special recognition is due to Professor Ross E. Davies of George Mason University,who reviewed Chapters 1– 6, and Professor Douglas E. Abrams of the University of Mis-souri, who reviewed Chapter 7. Their comments greatly improved the final product.

Numerous other individuals helped us along our journey, including Richard W. Arpi,Araceli V. Bareng, Robert J. Beharriell, Edwin J. Butterfoss, Phyllis G. Coleman, MarkM. Dobson, Patricia A. Ferrugia, Marc H. Gold, Mark C. Gordon, Morgan L. Holcomb,Jean F. Holloway, David M. Jarzyna, Malick Kane, Elena B. Langan, Mary E. Lannon,Donald M. Lewis, Charles L. Miller, Steve L. Morris, Patrick T. Nohrden, Victoria L. Nor-man, Nicholas A. Noto, Philip G. Schlissel, Vincent M. Scirghio, Mary Paige Smith, Lind-sey B. Straus, Randy S. Thompson, John Thorn, Eric W. Young, and Andrew J. Zaslow.It truly takes a village to make a book.

We also wish to express our appreciation to Professor Roger I. Abrams for allowing usto excerpt his essay Even the Best Lawyers Must Know Baseball and to Professor HowardW. Brill for permission to reprint his speech Baseball and the Legal Profession. Likewise,the photographs that appear throughout the book have been licensed from either CorbisImages or Getty Images.

A few final thoughts:

First, we welcome your feedback. You can e- mail us at schiff@baseballandthelaw.organd jarvisb@ nova.edu.

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xxvi PREFACE

Second, our research closed November 15, 2015. Due to space limitations, we had tobe judicious (some might say ruthless) in deciding what to put in and what to leave out.If we omitted your favorite player or team, we apologize. Baseball in general, and base-ball law in particular, is so rich with good stories that we easily could have filled severalvolumes.

Third, in editing the materials that appear herein, we employed the following con-ventions: (a) footnotes were either deleted or moved to the text; (b) obvious spelling orgrammatical mistakes were corrected; (c) ellipses were used only when not using them wouldhave left the reader with some uncertainty; and, (d) while we normally followed the Blue-book, we did not do so when circumstances called for a different approach.

Fourth, common abbreviations, such as “MLB” for Major League Baseball, “AL” forAmerican League, and “NL” for National League, appear throughout the Notes. More es-oteric abbreviations also occasionally pop up, but we believe readers will have no trou-ble deciphering them.

Fifth, except when the context required otherwise, we identified players by their best- known team and position.

Sixth, given that baseball is the country’s national pastime, we have assumed that any-one reading this book has at least a little bit of baseball knowledge. For those totally newto the game, cites to various primers can be found in Chapter 1A.

Lastly, we leave you with what we consider to be one of baseball’s greatest trivia ques-tions: What occupational oddity do Babe Ruth, Willie Mays, and Hank Aaron have incommon? The first reader who sends us an e-mail with the correct answer will receive agift (so please include your mailing address).

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