Washington DC / Paris

Base Stations: The Forefront of Green Telecom

Peter Jarich

Research Director, Wireless & Converged Core

Current Analysis, Inc.

December 5, 2008

Current Analysis: What Does The Company Actually Do?

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Business Telecom ServicesBusiness Network Services USBusiness Telecom Services EUTelecom Services AsiaWholesale Telecom Services Internet / Managed ServicesEnterprise Mobility USEnterprise Mobility EU

Access & ApplicationsInfrastructureBroadband InfrastructureDigital Media InfrastructureIP Services Infrastructure

Consumer Telecom ServicesWireless Services USMobile DevicesDigital Home Services USConsumer Broadband Services EUWireless Services EU

Mobile Networks & Core InfrastructureCarrier InfrastructureOptical InfrastructureWireless InfrastructureTelecom Infrastructure Services

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Agenda:What Will We Be Talking About?

What Is Green? impact on climate energy efficiency manufacturing practices corporate practices

What Does The Base Station Mean To Green?

deployment magnitude service success service barriers efficiency improvements the alternatives

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Is It All About Energy Efficiency?

the limits of PA efficiency the alternatives

– siting– powering– architectures

What Does Green Mean To Base Station Buyers?

forecasting exercises: – alternative power– regulation– consumer sentiment

revisiting the definition

Conclusions

What Is Green?in general…

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What Is Green?in telecom…

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What Does The Base Station Mean To Green?BTS & carbon impact…

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=

What Does The Base Station Mean To Green?service success = lots of BTS…

Source: ITU

What Does The Base Station Mean To Green:lots of BTS = major impact…

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X 4M+

What Does The Base Station Mean To Green?not many alternatives…

Is It All About Energy Efficiency?limits of PA efficiency…

~50% (?)

Is It All About Energy Efficiency?alternative powering…

Is It All About Energy Efficiency?alternative siting…

Is It All About Energy Efficiency?alternative backup…

VS.

Is It All About Energy Efficiency?alternative architectures…

RRU MSC

RNC SGSN

Is It All About Energy Efficiency?alternative operations…

+

What Does Green Mean to Base Station Buyers?forecasting: impact of energy costs

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yesterday tomorrow

none

lots

service costs

service revenues

something to explain to shareholders

Source: Current Analysis, Fictional Figures for Illustrative Purposes Only

What Does Green Mean to Base Station Buyers?forecasting: base station powering

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solar

wind

biofuel

gerbil

yesterday tomorrow

none

lots

Source: Current Analysis, Fictional Figures for Illustrative Purposes Only

What Does Green Mean to Base Station Buyers?forecasting: regulation and public sentiment

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…an estimated $500 billion is predicted to be spent by green consumers in 2008. Not to mention that 80% of consumers are more willing to do business with green companies…

--- Penn, Schoe & Berland

…68% of consumers agree they “like to do business with companies that are environmentallyresponsible”…… latent market potential of $104 Billion per year forgreen products…

--- Rockbridge Research

What Does Green Mean to Base Station Buyers?evaluating the options

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Ericsson Huawei NSN - NokiaRadio SupportFrequency Bands Supported

2100 MHz (FDD band I), 1900 MHz (FDD band II), 850 MHz (FDD band V), 1700/1800 MHz (FDD band III), 1700/2100 MHz (FDD band IV) and 900 MHz (FDD band VIII). Planned are 2.6 GHz (FDD band VII) and 700 MHz.

850, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100 MHz

Flexi : 2100, 850, 900, 1700/2100, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000 MHz (700, 1700, 1800, 2600 MHz planned); UltraSite : 2100, 850, 1900 MHz; Pico BTS : 2100 MHz (others bands based on demand)

Receive Sensitivity

2100 MHz w/ASC: -128.9 dBm typical, -128.2 dBm guaranteed; 1900 MHz w/TMA: -127.8 dBm typical, -127.1 dBm guaranteed; 850 MHz w/TMA: -127.9 typical, -127.3 dBm guaranteed; 900 MHz w/TMA: -128.1 typical, -127.5 dBm guaranteed (Note: based on 3GPP 12.2 kbps, BER 10e-3, 2-way Rx diversity)

-126.2 dBm (Top of cabinet) Flexi : -128.5/-129.1 dBm (without and with MHA/TMA, 2-way Rx diversity); UltraSite : -127.5 dBm; Metrosite 50 : -127.5 dBm; Pico BTS : 107 dBm (3GPP Rel. 6 local area BTS)

Transmit Output Power

5W, 10W, 20W, 30W, 40W, 60W useful output power for radio planning; MCPAs can handle QPSK and 16QAM without power degradation; Ultra linear Tx chain allows for no 16QAM power degredation (worth 1 to 1.6 dB); RBS Fast Congestion Control allows for no HSDPA power margin (worth 2 to 3 dB)

25W and 40W options; Digital Predistortion (DPD) and Doherty Power Amplifier supported for increased efficiency; DBS3800 Remote Radio Unit (RRU) supports 40W

Flexi : 3*70W PA RF-Module and 70W RRH. Output power and number of carriers can be selected remotely. Same Flexi RF-Module HW supports 3-sectors per one Module, 6 cells per one module, 8W/20W/30W/40W/ 60W per cell ; UltraSite : 20W/40W at BTS antenna connector; MetroSite 50 : 40W at BTS antenna connector; Pico WCDMA BTS : 250 mW.

VS.

What Does Green Mean to Base Station Buyers?making the comparisons

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Ericsson Huawei NSN - Nokia

System Configurations

RBS 3202: Indoor High Capacity; RBS 3206: Indoor Very High Capacity; RBS 3216: Indoor low height; RBS 3412: Medium Capacity Main-Remote; RBS 3418: Medium capacity Main-Remote; RRU11(Remote Radio Unit): 10W, 1 carrier; RRU22 20W: 20W, 2 carriers; RRU22 40W: 40W, 2 carriers; RRUW-01: 60W, 4 carriers

BTS 3812E; DBS3800; BTS3900, DBS3900 Zero Footprint solution with BBU baseband unit and CPRI optically connected RRU remote radio unit;

Flexi WCDMA BTS: one BTS for Indoor and Outdoor supporting variety of configurations with multiple 3U modules. Three module system supports 3x2@20W or 3x1@40W. Four modules support 2x2x2@40W. Five module system supports 3x4@20W, 6x2@20W. Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme (Indoor). Flexi Multimode BTS (planned) as extension to support WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+ and LTE.

Operating Temp Range

RBS 3202/RBS 3206/RBS 3412: +5 to +40 deg C; RBS 3216: +5 to +45 deg C; RBS 3418: +5 to +50 deg C; RRU11: -33 to +45 deg C; RU22 20W / RRU22 40W: -33 to +50 deg C (plus solar radiation of 1120 W per m2)

BTS 3812E: -10 to +55 deg C; BTS3900: -20 to +55 deg C

Flexi : -35 to +55 deg C; Supreme Indoor : -5 to +50 deg C

Power Consumption

RBS 3202 3x1 20 W, typical 1.0 kW; 3x2 20W typical 1.7 kW; RBS 3206 3x1 20W typical 0.5 kW; 3x2 20W typical 0.9 kW; RBS 3216 3x1 20W typical 0.5 kW; 3x2 20W typical 0.7 kW; RBS 3412/3418 typical 100W; RBS 3412/3418 – RRU 20W: typical 140W; RRU 40W: Typical 230W

DBS3800/DBS3900: BBU 60W, RRU 240W

Flexi : With traffic load 3x1@20W, typical 430 W DC; Supreme Indoor : Typical 1kW with traffic load

S*C Configurations

RBS 3202: 3x2; RBS 3206: 1x1 to 3x4 or 6x2 (dual band support); RBS 3412: up to 3x2 (1 main unit & 3 RRU22s or 6 RRU11s), 6x1, dualband

BTS 3812E: 1x1 up to 3x4; DBS3800: Single BBU supports 3x1, w/ extension board 3x2, stack multiple BBUs for 3x4, 6x2; DBS3900: BBU supports 1x1, 6x4, 3x8

Flexi : 3x4, 6x2, 2x2 MIMO (others as needed); Supreme Indoor : 3x4, 6x2

Specifications, Indoor Version

VS.

What Does Green Mean to Base Station Buyers?revisiting the definition – symptom vs. spirit

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Conclusions:What Does This All Mean?

Wireless Success vs. Carbon Footprint

Power Efficiency vs. Efficient Networks

Green Aspirations vs. Market Realities network costs regulations public sentiment

Green Practices vs. Green Marketing

New Starch vs. Old Shirt

Apples vs. Oranges

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