Base Station Analyzer - Cotener de... · © 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 1. Descripción general del equipo. 2. Navegación y descripción

Base Station Analyzer

© 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION

1. Descripción general del equipo.

2. Navegación y descripción de los diferentes modos:

– Medidor de Potencia.

– Analizador de Cable y Antena.

– Pruebas Ethernet.

– Analizador de Espectro.

– Analizador de Señales- Demodulación, Análisis OTA, Identificar KPIs.

• GSM

• WCDMA

• LTE

– Escáner de Canales.

– Software de Post-proceso.

– Carga y descarga de datos/configuraciones.

3. Generación de una rutina de prueba.

MODULO 1: TEORÍA


1. Descripción general del equipo.

BACKHAUL

Ethernet Analysis

TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM

Cable & Antenna Analysis

AIR INTERFACE

Signal Analysis

Spectrum Analysis

Interference Analysis

Multipath Analysis

RADIO

PERFORMANCE

Power Measurements

Signal Analysis

Spectrum Analysis

JD745A


Signal Analyzer Configuration

Channel Scanner

Interference Analyzer

Insertion Gain/Loss

WCDMA Analyzer

HSDPA Analyzer

GSM/GPRS Analyzer

Calibration Kit

GPS Receiver

RF Antennas

Accesorios Base.

Hard Carrying case

Carrying Case

1GB USB Memory

AC Power Adapter

App SW User’s Guide

Battery 2y Warranty

Power Sensors

LTE Analyzer

Accesorios Adquiridos.

Adapters


Puerto RF.

Puerto RF / Análisis de Espectro:

IMPORTANTE:

– Potencia máxima de entrada: +25dB.

– Tensión máxima de entrada: 50V DC.

– Si se conecta una antena al puerto RF se medirá la señal en el aire.

– Si se conecta al cable RF de una RBS se medirá la señal en el aire. (CUIDAR POTENCIA ENTRADA)


2. Modos de operación.

BACKHAUL

Ethernet Analysis

TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM

Cable & Antenna Analysis

AIR INTERFACE

Signal Analysis

Spectrum Analysis


Multipath Analysis

RADIO

PERFORMANCE

Power Measurements

Signal Analysis

Spectrum Analysis

JD745A


2.1 Medidor de Potencia.

EL equipo puede medir potencia de dos maneras:

– Interna: la potencia RF se mide como valor RMS de la captura recibida del puerto de Analizador de Espectro en un rango de frecuencia definido.

– Externa. Un medidor de potencia externo se conecta por USB al equipo.

• Sensor de Potencia Direccional o Terminal.

• Medidor de partencia óptico.

MODO EXTERNO

MODO EXTERNO MODO INTERNO


2.1.1 Conexión a la Radio Base.

Utilizar un atenuador si la potencia máxima supera la capacidad del puerto.

ATENUADOR


Power Meter Measurement Result


2.2 Analizador de Cable y antena.

Una gran cantidad de problemas en las radio bases se debe a la reflexión en el cable.

Por corrosión, oxidación y residuos de agua en la línea de transmisión.

Reflection: 0% VSWR: 1



IDENTIFY LOCATE VERIFY

VSWR


Cable & Antenna Analyzer DTF and Cable Loss

Distance to Fault (DTF) Cable Loss

DTF es un reflectómetro que identifica la

distancia a las reflexiones de la señal.

Cable loss: verifica las características del

cable midiendo la atenuación en una

frecuencia conocida.


Cable & Antenna Analyzer Gain Meter.

TMA

BTSANTENNA

LNA

BIAS TEE

TMA

BTSANTENNA

LNA

Gain Meter: Pruebas de ganancia para

Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMA).

Gain Meter


Prueba de Inserción. Aislamiento de antena.

Puede ser usada para realizar la prueba de aislamiento de antena, la cual detecta la presencia de señales no deseadas en otros sectores.

GSM 900

Uplink

GSM 900

Downlink

Isolation

Trace

α γ

β

Aislamiento del sector β relativo al sector α

Nivel de referencia

El instrumento genera una señal conocida en el sector α y

simultáneamente mide la presencia de dicha señal en el

sector β como una pérdida relativa.

Nivel típido de

aisalamiento

-50 to -100 dB


2.3 Pruebas de Ethernet

Pruebas básicas de

Ethernet para revisar la

conectividad en el

backhaul.

- Ping

- Trace-route.

Ethernet Testing


2.4 Analizador de Espectro.

Conformance Testing:

– Channel Power

– Occupied Bandwidth

– Adjacent Channel Power

– Spectrum Emission Mask

OCCUPIED BANDWIDTH CHANNEL POWER

ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER SPECTRUM EMISSION MASK

Configurable limits for automated PASS

/ FAIL indication


Analizador de Espectro – GSM Channel Power – Measurement Result


Analizador de Espectro – GSM. Occupied Bandwidth – Measurement Result


Analizador de Espectro Spectrum Emission Mask – Measurement Result


Analizador de Espectro Spurious Emissions – Measurement Results


RF Analyzer Interference Analysis

La manera más efectiva de identificar interferencias periódicas o intermitentes. Captura: posición, frecuencia, potencia, fecha y hora del evento.

Key Measurements

– Espectrograma: Potencia(Color ID), Tiempo(Y-axis), Frecuencia(X-Axis)

– RSSI: Variación de potencia en 6 señales.

SPECTOGRAM

RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH INDICATOR

Tracks 6 signals with configurable power

limits and automated PASS / FAIL indication

Visual Identification of Intermittent Interference



RSSI - Received Signal Strength Indicator

El equipo tiene la

capacidad de analizar

hasta 6 señales

diferentes de manera

simultánea.

RSSI – 6 Señales


Base Station Analyzer Interference Analyzer por triangulación.

Objetivo: obtener la coordenada GPS de la

fuente de interferencia realizando una

triangulación.

3 mediciones en diferentes puntos geográficos

Antenas direccionales.


Interference Analysis Localizador de Interferencias.

Localización automática

de la fuente de

interferencia basada en 3

puntos de medición.

Interference Finder


2.5 Análisis de señales. Overview

System Setup

ATTENUATOR

TX

GPS

System Setup


2.5.1. GSM Overview

SIGNAL FORMAT

TDMA – 8 SLOTS

F

P

T I

Q

MODULATION

GMSK & 8PSK Channel Power measures

the total transmitted power

of a radio within a defined

frequency channel.

Occupied Bandwidth

measures the bandwidth

containing 99% of the total

transmitted power.

Out of band emissions are

unwanted emissions

immediately outside the channel

bandwidth resulting from the

modulation process and non-

linearity in the transmitter. This

out of band emission

requirement is specified both in

terms of:

• Spectrum Emission Mask

(SEM)

• Adjacent Channel Power

Ratio (ACPR)

Modulation Analysis

measures the modulation

quality of GSM.

Power vs. Time measures

the signal frame and slot

characteristics against the

standard.


Base Station Analyzer GSM – RF Analysis

OCCUPIED BANDWIDTH

POWER VS TIME - SLOT

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

R

POWER VS TIME - FRAME

SIGNAL FORMAT

TDMA – 8 SLOTS

F

P

T

SPECTRUM EMISSION MASK

CONFORMANCE TESTING


Base Station Analyzer GSM – OTA Analysis

CHANNEL SCANNER I-Q CONSTELLATION

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

R

I

Q

MODULATION

GMSK & 8PSK

MODULATION ANALYZER MULTIPATH PROFILE

PERFORMANCE TESTING


Signal Analyzer – GSM Power vs. Time – Measurement Result

POWER VS. TIME (FRAME) POWER VS. TIME (SLOT)


Signal Analyzer – GSM

Constellation Analysis – Measurement Result


Signal Analyzer – GSM Multipath Profile – Measurement Result


Out of band emissions are unwanted

emissions immediately outside the channel

bandwidth resulting from the modulation

process and non-linearity in the transmitter.

This out of band emission requirement is

specified both in terms of:

• Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)

• Adjacent Channel Power Ratio

(ACPR)

Occupied Bandwidth

measures the bandwidth

containing 99% of the total

transmitted power.

Channel Power measures

the total transmitted power

of a radio within a defined

frequency channel.

2.5.2 WCDMA

F

P

TS 25.104

Code domain power is an

analysis of the power

distribution across WCDMA

channels, normalized to the

total signal power. Measures

active and inactive channels of

various symbol rates.

Channel width is inversely

proportional to the Orthogonal

Variable Spreading Factor

(OVSF).

Error vector magnitude

(EVM) is a modulation quality

indicator, measures the

difference between the

modulation reference and the

signal.


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA Overview

F

P

3.84 MHz

Code Domain Power (CDP)

Channel Description Modulation

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) CPICH provides timing and frequency reference. It helps the mobile to estimate the quality of the carrier. QPSK

Primary Common Control

Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

P-CCPCH carries broadcast information of the cell, this information is read by the mobile before it

attempts accessing the network.

QPSK

Secondary Common Control

Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Secondary CCPCH carries the paging channel (PCH) and forward access channel (FACH) QPSK, 16QAM,

64QAM

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) PICH is a fixed rate (SF=256) and carries the paging indicators in association with S-CCPCH QPSK

Primary Synchronization Channel

(P-SCH)

Synchronization channels are used for cell search. SCH is aligned with time slot and time multiplexing

with PCCPCH.

256-chip code

Secondary Synchronization

Channel (S-SCH)

Synchronization channels are used for cell search. SCH is aligned with time slot and time multiplexing

with PCCPCH. S-SCH indicates the cell's downlink scrambling code group.

256-chip code

High Speed Physical Downlink

Shared Channel (HS- PDSCH)

HS-PDSCH corresponds to one channelization code of spreading factor SF=16. Multi-code transmission

is allowed, assigning multiple channelization codes to the UE.

QPSK, 16QAM,

64QAM

Signal

Analysis

Pilot Channel

Paging Channel

Sync Channel

Traffic Channels

Unused Power

Frequency

Power


System Setup

Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA GPS

ATTENUATOR

TX

GPS

System Setup


Base Station Analyzer CDMA & WCDMA - RF Analysis

CHANNEL POWER

OCCUPIED BANDWIDTH

SPECTRUM EMISSION MASK

ADJACENT CHANNEL LEAKAGE RATIO

SIGNAL FORMAT

WCDMA

F

P

CONFORMANCE TESTING



Base Station Analyzer CDMA & WCDMA - Modulation Analysis

CODE DOMAIN POWER

CODOGRAM

RECEIVED CODE STRENGTH INDICATOR


SIGNAL FORMAT

WCDMA

F

P

CONFORMANCE TESTING

CONSTELLATION


Signal Analyzer WCDMA/HSDPA Occupied Bandwidth – Measurement Result

Channel Power

Measurement

PASS /

FAIL

Indicator


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA Code Domain Power Analysis – Measurement Result

PASS /

FAIL

Indicator

Walsh Color ID. CPICH Orange, P-CCPCH Blue, S-CCPCH Yellow-Green, PICH Red

Max Active. Highest value of active channels except W(0)64, W(1)64, and W(32)64.

Active threshold: Channels below this power level are considered inactive or noise (Factory Set: -27dB).

Average Active. Sum of Traffic Channel Power divided by the number of Traffic Channels.

Max Inactive. Highest level among all the Inactive channels.

Average Inactive. Sum of Uncorrelated Walsh Channel Power divided by the number of Inactive Channels.

CPICH. Common Pilot Channel is a downlink channel used to provide timing and frequency reference.

PCCPCH. Primary Common Control Physical Channel used to carry broadcast information for the cell.

P-SCH. Primary Sync Channel used for system detection and acquisition.

S-SCH. Secondary Sync Channel used by the base station as a pointer to group scrambling codes.

EVM. Percent of noise to ideal signal. (EVM < 17.5%).

PCDE. Maximum value of code domain error for all codes (both active and inactive).

Waveform Quality. Ratio of the correlated power to the total signal power

Frequency Error. Defined as ±0.05 ppm.

Time Offset. Time difference between the mobile and the even-second clock (base station, or GPS time).

Scramble Code Spreading with channelization that belong to the same site.


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA Constellation Analysis – Measurement Result

PASS /

FAIL

Indicator


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA Codogram Analysis – Measurement Result


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA RCSI Analysis – Measurement Result

PASS /

FAIL

Indicator

CPICH. Common Pilot Channel is a downlink channel used to provide timing and frequency reference.

PCCPCH. Primary Common Control Physical Channel used to carry broadcast information for the cell.

P-SCH. Primary Sync Channel used for system detection and acquisition.

S-SCH. Secondary Sync Channel used by the base station as a pointer to group scrambling codes.


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA CDP Table Analysis – Measurement Result

PASS /

FAIL

Indicator


Base Station Analyzer CDMA & WCDMA - Over the Air Analysis

MULTPATH PROFILE SCRAMBLE SCANNER

OTA CODE DOMAIN POWER

Scramble scanner configurable for up to

5 carriers

Control channels and modulation metrics

Capacity and utilization metrics

PERFORMANCE TESTING


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA Scramble Scanner Analysis – Measurement Result


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA Multipath Profile Analysis – Measurement Result


Signal Analyzer – WCDMA/HSDPA CDP– Measurement Result


2.5.3 LTE

Signal Analysis LTE Measurements

RF Analysis Modulation

Analysis

Channel Power

Occupied Bandwidth

ACLR

SEM

Spurious Emissions

Data Channel

Control Channel

Frame

Subframe

Power vs. Time

CCDF

1

2

3

4

5

6

POWER

FREQUENCY

TIME 1

2

3

4

5

5

7

6 4

6

3 6

3 6

1

2

7

9

8

Over The Air Analysis

ID Scanner

Multipath

Control Channel

8

9

9


Channel Bandwidth: 10 MHz

Transmission Bandwidth: 9 MHz

POWER

FREQUENCY 15 kHz

Subcarriers (Sc)

POWER

TIME

Symbols (Sy)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Slot

LTE 10 MHz : 9 MHz / 15 kHz = 600 Sc

1 Frame (10 ms) = 10 sub-frames (1 ms) = 20 slots (0.5ms)

Signal Analysis LTE Downlink Signal Format – OFDMA

FREQUENCY

POWER POWER

Resource Block (RB) = 12 Sc x 7 Sy = 84 Resource Elements

POWER

FREQUENCY

TIME

Symbol (Sy)

Subcarrier (Sc)

Resource Block

TIME

FREQUENCY

7 Symbol (Sy)

12 Subcarrier (Sc)

Resource Element

0 1 2 3 18 19

Slot

Subframe Frame

0 1 2 3


Signal Analysis LTE Downlink Channels

DL Channels

Description Modulation

Format Purpose

PBCH Physical Broadcast channel QPSK Carrier Cell specific information.

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

QPSK Transports format, resource and hybrid-ARQ information related to DL-SCH, UL-SCH and PCH.

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

User data payload.

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel QPSK, 16QAM,

64QAM Payload for multiple users, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast service (MBMS)

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel

QPSK Carries the number of symbols (1,2 or 3) used for control channels (PDCCH) in a subframe.

PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel

BPSK Carries the error detection (hybrid ARQ ACK/NAK) feedback to the UE for the UL blocks received by the eNB.

P-SCH Primary Synchronization Channel

Zadoff – Chu Used for cell search and cell identification. Carries part of the cell ID

S-SCH Secondary Synchronization Channel

BPSK Used for cell search and cell identification. Carries the remainder of the Cell ID

RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Complex I+Q pseudo

random sequence Used for DL channel estimation. Exact sequence derived form Cell ID. Enable UE to calculate transmission corrections.

Page 48

MODULATION SCHEMES


2.6 Escáner de Canales. Channel Scanner – Measurement Result


Frequency Scanner – Measurement Result


2.7 Software de Post Proceso.


2.8 Descarga de datos


Auto Save.


3. Pruebas Automatizadas

El BSA tiene una función para crear pruebas automáticas en una pantalla resumida, con la capacidad de monitorear varias portadoras en una prueba.

No es sólo guardar configuraciones de prueba, sino realizar rutinas de prueba.

Key Features:

– Capacidad Multiple-Carrier.

– Límites configurables.

– Definición de intervalos con valores

máximos y mínimos.

LTE AUTO-MEASURE

RF Analysis

Power vs. Time Analysis

Modulation Analysis

AUTMATED TEST


Signal Analyzer Automated Testing

The Auto-Measure function automatically performs RF and modulation testing of multiple carriers.

AUTO MEASURE BY DEMAND AUTO MEASURE BY SCENARIO


Con software de post proceso.

[email protected]

Documents

Base Station Analyzer - Cotener de... · © 2011 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 1. Descripción general del equipo. 2. Navegación y descripción