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Barriers to Communication
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5-1 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Chapter
Barriers to communication
5
5-2 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
INTRODUCTION
“Communication is the process of transfer of ideas and expressions
from one person to another. It is the way of self expression.” The
information to be communicated should be clear and accurate. If an
individual sends the message, and the other one receives it and
interprets it in the same way as the sender had intended to express,
the process of communication is said to be complete and successful.
However, communication is not always successful. Certain barriers in
communication affect the clarity, accuracy and effectiveness of the
message. These barriers hamper the growth of communication and
relegate it to the status of a conversation where feedback is not
expected.
5-3 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
CATEGORIZATION OF BARRIERS
Though the list of Barriers is exhaustive and there are many ways
in which barriers can be categorized, one of the oldest
categorization of barriers is stated below:
1. Semantic barriers
2. Organizational barriers
3. Interpersonal barriers
4. Individual barriers
5. Cross cultural (geographic) barriers
6. Physical barriers/Channel and media barriers
7. Technological barriers
Cont….
5-4 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Cont….
Semantic Barriers
Various types of semantic gaps found in day-to-day use of people
are as follows:
a) Words having similar pronunciation but multiple meaning
b) Badly expressed message
c) Wrong interpretation
d) Unqualified assumptions
e) Technical language
5-5 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Cont….
Organizational Barriers
a) Organization culture and climate
b) Organizational rules and regulations
c) Status relationships
d) Complexity in organizational structure
e) Inadequate facilities and opportunity
f) An Lack of co-operation between superior and subordinate
5-6 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Cont….
Interpersonal Barriers (Superior-subordinate)Effectiveness of communication depends a lot upon the interpersonal relationship between two people. If the sender and receiver are at the same economic, educational and status level and also share good rapport, there is lesser chance of encountering any barrier in communication. But, in case of a difference at any level, there is a greater chance of miscommunication, especially relating to superior and subordinates.There are two types of superior-subordinate barriers which emanate from superiors and subordinates:1. Barriers emanating from superiors
a) Shortage of time for employees
b) Lack of trust
c) Lack of consideration for employee’s needs
d) Wish to capture authority
e) Fear of losing power of control
f) Bypassing
g) Information overload
5-7 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Cont….
2. Barriers emanating from subordinates
a) Lack of proper channel
b) No interest to communicate
c) Lack of co-operation
d) Lack of trust
e) Poor relationship between superior and subordinate
f) Fear of penalty:
5-8 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Cont….
Individual or Psycho-sociological Barriers
The meaning assigned to a message depends upon the emotional or
psychological status of both the parties involved in the process of
communication.
1. Style:
a) Linguistic accent
b) The form of expression (idiom)
c) The level of drama
d) Types of humour
e) The choice of brevity
f) The choice of discriminatory or non discriminatory
communication modes
g) The qualities of credibility and charisma
5-9 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Cont….
2. Selective perception
3. Halo effect
4. Status relationship
5. Poor attention and retention
6. Inattention
7. Undue importance of written words
8. Defensiveness
9. Closed mind
10. State of health
11. Filtering
5-10 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Cross – Cultural/Geographic Barriers
Culture is so much a part of an individual’s manner of talking,
behaving and thinking, that communication style and competence
are influenced by it. Words, colours and symbols have different
meanings in different cultures.
Cont….
5-11 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Physical Barriers/Channel and media barriers
1. Noise
2. Environment
a) External transreceivers
b) Number of links in the chain
c) Circumstantial factors, Like:
• Temperature
• Lighting
• Room size
• Arrangement of seating
• Equipment in a room, etc.
3. Defects in the medium
5-12 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
TECHNICAL ASPECTS IN COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS
A few technical aspects in communication barriers are briefly narrated
by Murphy’s Law on communication:
a) Communication usually fails
b) If the message can be understood
c) Filtering
d) Meta communication
e) Noise in communication process: A few noise distractions are
as follows: (i) Human sounds, (ii) Traffic, (iii) Telephone instruments
(iv) Channel defects (v) Birds (vi) Trees (vii) Fans (viii) Chalk writing
(ix) Use of Duster (x) Projector and (xi) Nasal Voice.
5-13 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS IN
COMMUNICATION
One way of reducing the effects of these barriers is to check
continuously during the communication process what the message
really is.
Measures to Overcome Barriers in Communication
Following are some of the additional measures to overcome the
barriers to communication:
1. Fostering good relationships
2. Purposeful and well focused communication
3. Co-ordination between superior and subordinates
4. Avoid technical language
5. Feedback
Cont….
5-14 Excel Books
Copyright © 2006, M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
Barriers to communication
Business Communication M K Sehgal, Vandana Khetarpal
6. Accuracy
7. Clarity in message
8. Communication of organizational
philosophy
9. Flat organizational structure
10. Division of labour
11. Organization policies
12. Minimize semantic problem
13. Proper communication channels
14. Right feedback