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Barrels & Exceptionsin the Building & Fire Codes
Scott Moore, Architect, NCARBwith Colleen Moore, Interpreter
Dalkita reserves all rights to the material presented. Recording and/or reproduction and display of this presentation without the express written consent of Dalkita Construction, Inc. is strictly prohibited.
Colleen Moore
Introductions
University of Florida – Journalism and Sports Management Reporting, graphic design, marketing, business management
Olympic Committee, NBA, IHL, Radio, Television, Commercial Real Estate Only 20 years of experience!
Dalkita reserves all rights to the material presented. Recording and/or reproduction and display of this presentation without the express written consent of Dalkita Construction, Inc. is strictly prohibited.
Scott Moore
Introductions
Master of Architecture from the University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Nationally Certified Architect through NCARB Currently licensed in CO, KY, MA, MN, MO and UT
Over 25 years of experience in the design & building industry Over 10 years of experience in distillery design and construction
Over 15 years of experience as a general contractor, Class ‘A’ Supervisor
Dalkita reserves all rights to the material presented. Recording and/or reproduction and display of this presentation without the express written consent of Dalkita Construction, Inc. is strictly prohibited.
A. Codes A (very) Brief HistoryB. Code HierarchyC. What do wooden cask or barrel
exceptions actually mean?D. H‐3 Requirements
‐ Basic & Barrel ExceptionsE. The Ventilation ExceptionF. Other Related Issues
‐ Specialty Codes‐ High Piled Storage‐New Threats to Cask Storage
Overview
* Fine print is often critical in understanding the meaning of Codes. This presentation is based on the 2015 ICC Codes and the 2015 NFPA.
CODES: A BRIEF HISTORY
So we're back to courting the Fire Marshall's approval. Local code allows massive amounts of bulk liquor to be stored in wooden casks at distilleries, or in individual glass containers at retail locations, but not in individual glass
containers at distilleries.
We want our boys to be safe if they respond to a distillery fire, but the inconsistencies in the code are really frustrating.
CODES: A ROADMAP
OR
Abbrev. Short for This
AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction (city, county, fire district)
ICC International Code Council
IBC International Building Code
IFC International Fire Code
IMC International Mechanical Code
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
CFM Cubic Foot per Minute
SF Square Foot or Square Feet
MAQ Maximum Allowable Quantity
LFL Lower Flammable Limit
CODES: THE LINGO (VOCAB)
Term Means
Performance Language
Indicates an intended result and requires a design that performs to result in the code intention.
Prescriptive Language
giving exact rules, directions, or instructions about how you should do something
Commentary Not code but published to help determine the reasoning behind the rules.
CODES: THE LINGO (VOCAB)
…but, barrels are exempt from all this…
RIGHT?!
When do the IFC Exceptions Apply to create Modified H‐3?
OVERVIEW: BARREL EXCEPTIONS
IBC IFC414.3 1 CFM/SFVentilation See IFC & IMC Barrel Exception
414.5.1 Explosion Control See IFC Barrel Exception
414.5.3 Spill Control See IFC Barrel Exception
414.5.3 Secondary Containment See IFC Barrel Exception
415.5 Emergency Alarm Same
415.4 Sprinklers Same
415.6 25% Ext.Wall Same
508.3.3 ex.1 Min. 1 hr. Separation Same
2015 ICC Code References
SECTION 307 HIGH‐HAZARD GROUP HFLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
[F] 307.1 High‐hazard Group H. High‐hazard Group H occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of those allowed in control areas complying with Section 414, based on the maximum allowable quantity limits for control areas set forth in Tables 307.1(1) and 307.1(2).
If quantities exceedMAQs, occupancy is H‐3
for barrel storage.
WHAT IS H‐3?
IBC 307.5
You are considered an H‐3 Occupancy if ANY of the following apply to Class 1, 2, or 3A flammable or combustible liquids :
Stored/used in normally closed containers or systems
Liquids are pressurized at < 15 PSI
Primary Added requirements of H‐3 Occupancy:
25% perimeter on exterior wall(if over 500 SF dispensing or 1000 SF Storage per 415.5 – exceptions #1 & 2)
Must be Sprinklered
Spill Control
Secondary Containment
1 cfm/sf Continuous Ventilation & Mechanical Code w/ Uninterruptable Power Source (UPS)
Deflagration Control2012 Fire Code 911.3 refers to NFPA 69: “Explosion control by prevention.”Table 414.5.1 Footnote e Open Use and Dispensing Only
Emergency Alarms
Mandatory Minimum 1 hr Fire Separation from other Occupancies
WHAT DO I NEED FOR H‐3?
BARRELS & MAQs
MATERIAL CLASSGROUP WHENMAX.
ALLOW. QTY. EXCEEDED
STORAGE b USE‐CLOSED SYSTEMS b USE‐OPEN SYSTEMS b
SOLID POUNDS
(CUBIC FEET)LIQUID GALLONS
(POUNDS)
GAS(CUBIC FEET AT NTP)
SOLIDPOUNDS
(CUBIC FEET(LIQUID GALLONS
(POUNDS)
GAS(CUBICFEET AT NTP)
SOLID POINDS(CUBIC FEET)
LIQUID GALLONS(POUNDS)
Combustible Dust
N/A H‐2 Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A
Combustible Liquid c, i
23A3B
H‐2 or H‐3H‐2 or H‐3
N/AN/A
120 d,e
330 d,e
13,200 e,fN/A N/A
120d
330d
13,200fN/A N/A
30d
80d
3,300f
Flammable Liquid c
1A1B and 1C
H‐2or H‐3
N/A30 d,e
120 d,eN/A N/A
30d
120d N/A N/A10d
30d
Excerpted from TABLE 307.1 (1), 2015 International Building Code and TABLE 5003.1.1(1) in 2015 International Fire Code
“MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD”
c. “alcoholic beverages in retail and wholesale occupancies provided that the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding 1.3 gallons.”
d. “(MAQs)… increased 100 percent … with… automatic sprinkler system ... Where Note e also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.”
e. “(MAQs) … increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, day boxes, gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures or in listed safety cans… both notes shall be applied accumulatively.”
f. “The permitted quantities shall not be limited in a building equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1”
q. “…(Combustible Dust in 2012 code) … manufactured, generated in a manner that the concentration and conditions create a fire or explosion hazard…”
Table 2‐1.1Flash and Fire Points of Alcohol‐Water Solutions (DISCUS)
Alcohol(Vol. %)
Tag Closed Cup Flash Point2
Tag Open Cup Flash Point3
Fire Point4
Class IB Liquids
95% 63˚F (17˚C) 70˚F (21˚C) 70˚F(21˚C)
90% 65˚F (18˚C) 72˚F (22˚C) 72˚F(22˚C)
80% 68˚F (20˚C) 76˚F (24˚C) 76˚F(24˚C)
70% 70˚F (21˚C) 80˚F (27˚C) 80˚F(27˚C)
60% 72˚F (22˚C) 86˚F (30˚C) 87˚F(30˚C)
Class IC Liquids (below 55%)
50% 75˚F (24˚C) 90˚F (32˚C) 94˚F(34˚C)
40% 79˚F (26˚C) 96˚F (36˚C) 102˚F(39˚C)
30% 85˚F (29˚C) 104˚F (40˚C) 113˚F(45˚C)
20% 97˚F (36˚C) 119˚F (48˚C) 136˚F(58˚C)
Non‐flammable liquid (below 20%)
10% 120˚F (49˚C) 150˚F (66˚C) ‐‐‐
FLAMMABLE LIQUID. A liquid having a closed cup flash point below 100˚F(38 ˚C). Flammable liquids are further categorized into a group known as Class 1liquids. The Class 1category is subdivided as follows:
Class 1A. Liquids having a flash point below 73˚F(23˚C) and a boiling point below 100 ˚ F(38˚C).
Class 1B. Liquids having a flash point below 73˚F(23˚C) and a boiling point at or above 100˚F(38˚C).
Class 1C. Liquids having a flash point at or above 73˚F(23˚C) and below 100˚F(38˚C).
WHAT’S IN THE BARRELS?
BARRELS
MATERIAL CLASSGROUP WHENMAX.
ALLOW. QTY. EXCEEDED
STORAGE b USE‐CLOSED SYSTEMS b USE‐OPEN SYSTEMS b
SOLID POUNDS
(CUBIC FEET)LIQUID GALLONS
(POUNDS)
GAS(CUBIC FEET AT NTP)
SOLIDPOUNDS
(CUBIC FEET(LIQUID GALLONS
(POUNDS)
GAS(CUBICFEET AT NTP)
SOLID POINDS(CUBIC FEET)
LIQUID GALLONS(POUNDS)
Combustible Dust
N/A H‐2 Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A N/A Note q N/A
Combustible Liquid c, i
23A3B
H‐2 or H‐3H‐2 or H‐3
N/AN/A
120 d,e
330 d,e
13,200 e,fN/A N/A
120d
330d
13,200fN/A N/A
30d
80d
3,300f
Flammable Liquid c
1A1B and 1C
H‐2or H‐3
N/A30 d,e
120 d,eN/A N/A
30d
120d N/A N/A10d
30d
Excerpted from TABLE 307.1 (1), 2015 International Building Code and TABLE 5003.1.1(1) in 2015 International Fire Code
“MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD”
MAQs are 120/30(240/60 sprinkled)
d. “(MAQs)… increased 100 percent … with… automatic sprinkler system ... Where Note e also applies, the increase for both notes shall be applied accumulatively.”
53 + 53 + 53 = over limit(6 barrels in a sprinkled space)
SECTION 414 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS – HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
[F] 414.3 Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces in which explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or may be emitted due to the processing, use, handling or storage of materials shall be mechanically ventilated where required by this code, the International Fire Code or the International Mechanical Code.
VentilationNOT EXHAUSTSee Fire Code
See Mechanical Code
BARRELS
VENTILATION…
CHAPTER 50HAZARDOUS MATERIALS –GENERAL PROVISIONSSECTION 5001GENERAL5001.1 Scope. “… This chapter shall apply to all hazardous materials, including those materials regulated elsewhere in this code, except that where specific requirements are provided in other chapters… [in the case of] multiple hazards, all hazards shall be addressed.”
Exceptions:10. “The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden
barrels and casks.”
BARRELS
Barrels ExemptIFC requires no ventilation
CHAPTER 50HAZARDOUS MATERIALS –GENERAL PROVISIONSSECTION 5001GENERAL5001.1 Scope. …
BARRELS
The Commentary tells us barrels and casks are NOT exempt from
IBC H‐3
Commentary is NOT code, but IS a guide to interpreting the code.
FROM THE COMMENTARY…Exception 10 covers the storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks. This statement may appear to exempt all requirements for these products from being Group H occupancy. However, the IBC will still classify the storage area as a Group H occupancy if the amounts exceed the maximum allowable quantities (MAQs) per control area listed in Table 307.1(1) of that code for flammable or combustible liquids. All requirements for a Group H occupancy in the IBC are still applicable; however, any requirements from the code are not.…
CHAPTER 57FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSSECTION 5701GENERAL5701.2 Nonapplicability. …This chapter shall not apply to liquids as otherwise provided in other laws or regulations or chapters of this code, including:…10. The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks.
BARRELS
Barrels and casks are Nonapplicable to this
chapter.
IFC requires no ventilation
COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 57FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSSECTION 5701GENERAL5701.2 Nonapplicability. …Item 10 makes the storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels and casks exempt from this chapter. Although their contents are classified as flammable liquids, the containers do not pose the rupture hazard as do other containers. Barrels and casks will leak their contents and contribute to the fire as the metal bands that secure the staves expand and loosen. Even this hazard is generally mitigated by the operation of automatic sprinklers that prevent the fire from progressing to the point where the metal bands get hot enough to expand. A similar exception also appears in Section 5001.1
BARRELS
Barrels do not ruptureSprinklers greatly mitigate risk
Commentary is NOT code but IS a guide to interpreting the code.
CODE: NFPA 1NFPA 1
Chapter 66 Flammable and Combustible Liquids66.1.2 Where the provisions of this chapter or NFPA 30 conflict with the provisions of Chapter 60, the provisions of this chapter and NFPA 30 shall apply.
66.9 Storage of Liquids in Containers —General Requirements.
66.9.1 Scope.
66.9.1.4 This section shall not apply to the following:(7) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks[30:9.1.4]
CODE: NFPA 30NFPA 30
Chapter 9 Storage of Liquids in Containers —General Requirements
9.1 Scope.
9.1.4 This chapter shall not apply to the following:(7) Distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks
SECTION 403MECHANICAL VENTILATION… 403.2 Outdoor air required. “…Ventilation supply systems shall be designed to deliver the required rate of outdoor airflow to the breathing zone within each occupiable space.”
“Exception: Where the registered design professional demonstrates that an engineered ventilation system design will prevent the maximum concentration of contaminants … the minimum required rate of outdoor air shall be reduced in accordance with such engineered system design.”
…510.2 Hazardous Exhaust where required.1. Flammable liquid vapor in excess of 25% of the LFL
We will come back to ventilation and deal with
IMC
BARRELS
CHAPTER 4[F] 414.5.1 Explosion Control. Explosion control shall be provided in accordance with the International Fire Code as required by Table 414.5.1 where quantities of hazardous materials specified in that table exceed the maximum allowable quantities in Table 307.1.(1) or where a structure, room or space is occupied for purposes involving explosion hazards as required by Section 415 or the International Fire Code.
[F] 414.5.2 Emergency or standby power.Where required by the International Fire Code or this code, mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems shall be provided with emergency or standby power in accordance with Section 2702. For storage and use areas for highly toxic or toxic materials, see Sections 6004.2.2.8 and 6004.3.4.5 of the International Fire Code.
BARRELS
Explosion control, emergency power, spill control, drainage, and containment all refer to the IFC where barrels are exempt. Therefore these items are not required for cask storage.
Note: explosion control is inherently provided with the 0.06cfm/sf of ventilation.
[F] 414.5.3 Spill control, drainage and containment. Rooms, buildings or areas occupied for the storage of solid and liquid hazardous materials shall be provided with a means to control spillage and to contain or drain off spillage and fire protection water discharged in the storage area where required in the International Fire Code.The methods of spill control shall be in accordance with the International Fire Code.
BARRELS
Explosion control, emergency power, spill control, drainage, and containment all refer to the IFC where barrels are exempt. Therefore these items are not required for cask storage.
Note: explosion control is inherently provided with the 0.06cfm/sf of ventilation.
[F] 415.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Group H occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.5
[F] 415.5 Emergency alarms. Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as set forth herein.
[F] 415.5.1 Storage. An approved manual emergency alarm system shall be provided in buildings, rooms or areas used for storage of hazardous materials. Emergency alarm‐initiating devices shall be installed outside of each interior exit or exit access door of storage buildings, rooms or areas. Activation of an emergency alarm‐initiating device shall sound a local alarm to alert occupants of an emergency situation involving hazardous materials.
BARRELS
Sprinklers, emergency alarm are required.
IFC?
[F] 415.6.1.3 Groups H‐2 and H‐3. Group H‐2 and H‐3 occupancies shall be set back not less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) where a detachedbuilding is required (see Table 415.6.2).
BARRELS
The detached building is never required for H‐3 spirits in casks
508.3.3 Separation. No separation is required between nonseparatedoccupancies.
Exceptions:1. Group H‐2, H‐3, H‐4 and H‐5 occupancies shall be separated from all
other occupancies in accordance with Section 508.4.…
BARRELS
H‐3Barrel Storage
F‐1 Distillery
A‐2 Tasting Room
Barrels Mixed with Distillery
A‐2 Tasting Room
PEOPLE NEED TO SEE THE BARRELS!
508.3.3 Separation. No separation is required between nonseparatedoccupancies.
Exceptions:1. Group H‐2, H‐3, H‐4 and H‐5 occupancies shall be separated from all
other occupancies in accordance with Section 508.4.…
BARRELS
A minimum of 1 hour separation from other occupancies is required.
The IFC is not referenced. Therefore, the barrel exceptions do not apply.
Typically, in smaller buildings, the entire distillery (except the H‐3 barrel room) is a non‐separated mixed use with either F‐1 or A‐2 being the most restrictive and the H‐3 room barrel separated
accordingly.
Excerpted from: TABLE 508.4REQUIRED SEPARATION OF OCCUPANCIES (HOURS)
BARRELS
Occupancy H‐3…
S NS
A, E 2 3
Ra 2 NP
F‐2, S‐2b, U 2 3
Be, F‐1, M, S‐1 1 2
H‐1 NP NP
H‐2 1 NP
H‐3, H‐4 1d NP
S = sprinkledNS = not sprinkledN = No separation requirementNP = Not Permitteda. See Section 420b. Required separation from areas used only
for private or pleasure vehicles shall be reduced by 1 hour but not less than 1/2 hour.
d. Separation is not required between occupancies of the same classification.
e. See Section 422.2 for ambulatory care facilities.
When do the IFC Exceptions Apply to create Modified H‐3?
CIRCLE BACK: BARREL EXCEPTIONS
IBC IFC414.3 1 CFM/SFVentilation See IFC & IMC Barrel Exception
414.5.1 Explosion Control See IFC Barrel Exception
414.5.3 Spill Control See IFC Barrel Exception
414.5.3 Secondary Containment See IFC Barrel Exception
415.5 Emergency Alarm Same
415.4 Sprinklers Same
415.6 25% Ext.Wall Same
508.3.3 ex.1 Min. 1 hr. Separation Same
2015 ICC Code References
SECTION 414Special Requirements – Hazardous Materials[F] 414.3 Ventilation. Rooms, areas or spaces in which explosive, corrosive, combustible, flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases are or storage of materials shall be mechanically ventilated where required by this code, the International Fire Code or the International Mechanical Code.
BARRELS
Ventilation NOT EXHAUSTSee Fire Code
See Mechanical Code
Excerpted from: TABLE 403.3.1.1 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES
OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
OCCUPANT DENSITY #/1000
FT2 a
PEOPLE OUTDOOR
AIRFLOW RATE IN BREATHING
ZONE, Rp CFM/PERSON
AREA OUTDOOR AIRFLOW RATE IN
BREATHING ZONE,
Ra CFM/FT2 a
EXHAUSTAIRFLOW RATE
CFM/FT2 a
StorageRepair garages, enclosed parking garages b,d
‐‐ ‐‐ ‐‐ 0.75
Warehouses ‐‐ ‐‐ .06 ‐‐
0.06 CFM/FT2 required for barrel storage ventilation
BARRELS
SECTION 403MECHANICAL VENTILATION403.1 Ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided by a method of supply air and return or exhaust air except that mechanical ventilation air requirements for Group R‐2, R‐3, and R‐4 occupancies three stories and less in height above grade plane shall be provided by an exhaust system, supply system or combination thereof. The amount of supply air shall be approximately equal to the amount of return and exhaust air. The system shall not be prohibited from producing negative or positive pressure. The system to convey ventilation air shall be designed an installed in accordance with Chapter 6.
… ventilation is provided by supply air and return OR exhaust.
BARRELS
• If we used supply & return air, we still need 0.06 CFM of outdoor air. • Adding air means we have to move it out – i.e. exhaust.• We typically take exhaust from within 12” of the floor due to the
properties of alcohol vapor being heavier than air• The remaining fumes to stay under 25% of LFL.
SECTION 401GENERAL401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the ventilation of spaces within a building intended to be occupied. Mechanical exhaust systems, including exhaust systems serving clothes dryers and cooking appliances; hazardous exhaust systems; dust, stock and refuse conveyor systems; smoke control systems; energy recovery ventilation systems and other systems specified in Section 502 shall comply with Chapter 5.
Because we are ventilating with Mechanical Exhaust vs.
Supply/Return Air –We must go to Chapter 5 of the IMC.
BARRELS
BARRELS
SECTION 401GENERAL401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the ventilation of spaces within a building intended to be occupied. Mechanical exhaust systems, including exhaust systems serving clothes dryers and cooking appliances; hazardous exhaust systems; dust, stock and refuse conveyor systems; smoke control systems; energy recovery ventilation systems and other systems specified in Section 502 shall comply with Chapter 5.
FROM COMMENTARY This section establishes the scope… Smoke control systems, smoke venting, mechanical exhaust systems and combustion air supplies are not within the scope of this chapter but are regulated by other sections of the code… Chapter 5 addresses exhaust systems…
It may be inferred, and supported by commentary, that Chapter 5
requirements apply to cask storage.
The following slides intend to show IMC Chapter 5 requirements
do not exceed IMC Chapter 4’s requirement
of 0.06 CFM/SF2 and are supplanted by the IFC exceptions.
BARRELS
BARRELSSECTION 502REQUIRED SYSTEMS
502.1 General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintained and operated as specifically required by this section and for all occupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges, salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes in such areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light to float in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas or smoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to health or safety.
BARRELSSECTION 502REQUIRED SYSTEMS
502.1 General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintained and operated as specifically required by this section and for all occupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges, salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes in such areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light to float in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas or smoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to health or safety.
FROM COMMENTARY…Exhaust systems must be designed to collect and remove the contaminants… This section is written in performance language and requires case-by-case evaluation by the designer and the code official to determine the quantity and type of contamination present, whether any action needs to be taken…
The commentary clarifies the intent is to require
the code official and designer
to work together to design a system
appropriate to the specific situation.
BARRELSSECTION 502REQUIRED SYSTEMS
502.1 General. An exhaust system shall be provided, maintained and operated as specifically required by this section and for all occupied areas where machines, vats, tanks, furnaces, forges, salamanders and other appliances, equipment and processes in such areas produce or throw off dust or particles sufficiently light to float in the air, or which emit heat, odors, fumes, spray, gas or smoke, in such quantities so as to be irritating or injurious to health or safety.
FROM COMMENTARY…Exhaust systems must be designed to collect and remove the contaminants… This section is written in performance language and requires case-by-case evaluation by the designer and the code official to determine the quantity and type of contamination present, whether any action needs to be taken…
Using historic data for alcohol loss
during time in cask(Angel’s Share)
we can demonstrate 0.06 CFM/SF2 is
more than adequate to exhaust the vapor
faster than it accumulatesto 25% of the LFL.
Thereby addressing and mitigating contaminates.
BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F]502.8.1 Storage in excess of the maximum allowable quantities. Indoor storage areas and storage buildings for hazardous materials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area…
[F] 502.8.1.1 System requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems shall comply with all of the following:…
2. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided at a rate of not less than 1 cfm per square foot [0.00508 m3/(s*m2)] of floor area over the storage area.
3. The systems shall operate continuously…
4. A manual shutoff control shall be provided outside of the room…labeled: VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF.
5. For fumes or vapors that are heavier than air, exhaust shall be taken from a point within 12 inches (305 mm) of the floor.
6. The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the floor or room to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
7. The exhaust air shall not be recirculated to occupied areas…
1 CFM/SF2required where
MAQs exceeded
BARRELS
BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F] 502.8 Hazardous materials – general requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems for structures containing hazardous materials shall be provided as required in Sections 502.8.1 through 502.8.5.
The Commentary indicates the IFC contains the same ventilation requirements.
The IFC has no ventilation requirements for barrel storage because of the exceptions.
Therefore, ventilation (exhaust) is NOT REQUIRED by 502.8 of the IMC.
FROM COMMENTARY Chapter 50 of the IFC contains guidance for the storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials. Section 5004.3 of the IFC contains the same ventilation requirements as Sections 502.8.1 and 502.8.1.1 of the code.
BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F] 502.8 Hazardous materials – general requirements. Exhaust ventilation systems for structures containing hazardous materials shall be provided as required in Sections 502.8.1 through 502.8.5.
SECTION 102APPLICABILITY[A] 102.1 General. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in a specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
BUT, this assumption could be challenged.
FROM COMMENTARY Chapter 50 of the IFC contains guidance for the storage, dispensing, use and handling of hazardous materials. Section 5004.3 of the IFC contains the same ventilation requirements as Sections 502.8.1 and 502.8.1.1 of the code.
BARRELSSECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F]502.9.5 Flammable and combustible liquids. Exhaust ventilation systems shall be provided as required by Sections… Unless otherwise specified this section shall apply to any quantity of flammable and combustible liquids.
Exception: This section shall not apply to flammable and combustible liquids that are exempt from the International Fire Code.
FROM COMMENTARY: Minimum requirements for mechanical exhaust ventilation for inside areas in which flammable or combustible liquids are stored are contained in Section 5004.3 of the IFC and Section 502.8.1.1 of the code. The use of natural ventilation as an alternative to mechanical ventilation is subject to approval by the code official (see commentary, Sections 502.9.5.1 through 502.9.5.5).
IMCSECTION 510HAZARDOUS EXHAUST SYSTEMS510.2 Where required. A hazardous exhaust system shall be required wherever operations involving the handling or processing of hazardous materials, in the absence of such exhaust systems andunder normal operating conditions, have the potential to create one of the following conditions:1. A flammable vapor, gas, fume, mist or dust is present in
concentrations exceeding 25 percent of the lower flammability limit of the substance for the expected room temperature.
BARRELS
SECTION 502EXHAUST SYSTEMS[F]502.9.5 Flammable and combustible liquids.
Section 502.9.5 is specific to flammable and combustible liquids. Due to this specificity, it is the key article pertaining to our liquid.
It specifically exempts liquids that are exempt in the IFC.
Spirits in casks are exempt from ventilation requirements in the IFC. They are therefore exempt from exhaust requirements here in the IMC.
Only the warehouse ventilation rate requirement still applies.
BARRELS
BARRELSSpecialty Codes
Entire space is Modified H‐3• 25% on Exterior Wall
• Sprinklers
• Emergency Alarm
• 1 hour separation
H‐3 EXCEPTIONS
If it weren’t for the barrels in this room the whole thing could be classified F‐1
the barrels make it H‐3 Modified because they exceed the MAQs.
DUNNAGE PALLETIZED ON END
STEEL RACKS WOOD RICKS PALLETIZED WINE RACK
END STACKED
TOTES
STACKING METHODS
Storage over 6’? High Piled Storage Requirements
• No Exception for Barrels• High‐Hazard Commodity Class• Smoke Vents• Designated Piles & Aisles• Access Doors
IFCCHAPTER 32HIGH‐PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGEBarrels are not exempt from the requirements of this chapter.
If your district is not using IFC, then similar requirements are found throughout various NFPA documents.
Barrels are High Hazard Commodity and therefore, if stacked over 6’ tall, are considered high piled
Some additional building elements that may be required for HPCS include…
‐Smoke vents or ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response) sprinklers
‐ Fire department access every 100’.‐ Draft curtains‐ Designated aisles
Watch for our next specialty presentation or webinar on this subject.
COMING SOON…
Factory Mutual ‐ now FM Global, an insurance provider does testing to establish standards, has embarked on a new battery of tests for alcohol aging in barrels.
Current testing points to doubling the sprinkler water volume required.
They plan to do more testing… so, if you have any spare barrels of spirit to donate to the cause – it would be appreciated. ;‐)
More information on this as the story develops…
CURRENT RESEARCH…
