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Baroque Baroque Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being something being elaborate elaborate ; with many details. An ; with many details. An insulting term used by historians who preferred the insulting term used by historians who preferred the Renaissance. Renaissance. Overview Overview : : The Baroque came about in Rome near the end of the The Baroque came about in Rome near the end of the 16 16 th th century century Artists were good at drawing and painting the human Artists were good at drawing and painting the human figure and reproducing complicated perspective. figure and reproducing complicated perspective. There is much use of colour and value contrasts in There is much use of colour and value contrasts in painting. painting. The style is characterized by TIME, LIGHT and The style is characterized by TIME, LIGHT and SPACE. SPACE.

Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

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Page 1: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

BaroqueBaroqueBaroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborateelaborate; ; with many details. An insulting term used by historians who with many details. An insulting term used by historians who preferred the Renaissance.preferred the Renaissance.

OverviewOverview::

The Baroque came about in Rome near the end of the 16The Baroque came about in Rome near the end of the 16thth century century

Artists were good at drawing and painting the human figure Artists were good at drawing and painting the human figure and reproducing complicated perspective.and reproducing complicated perspective.

There is much use of colour and value contrasts in painting.There is much use of colour and value contrasts in painting.

The style is characterized by TIME, LIGHT and SPACE.The style is characterized by TIME, LIGHT and SPACE.

Page 2: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Time: Time: Captures a brief moment in time; Captures a brief moment in time; often through a sense of frozen often through a sense of frozen movement.movement.

Page 3: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Often a dramatic use of light and shadow. Often a dramatic use of light and shadow.

In painting through In painting through ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro and and TenebrismTenebrism. In . In Architecture and Sculpture, through curves and Architecture and Sculpture, through curves and undulating surfaces to reflect the light and cast deep undulating surfaces to reflect the light and cast deep shadows.shadows.Chiaroscuro – Chiaroscuro – “Coming out of the darkness.” Where areas with “Coming out of the darkness.” Where areas with

lighter values seem to emerge from areas of surrounding lighter values seem to emerge from areas of surrounding darkness.darkness.

Tenebrism – Tenebrism – Exaggerated strong contrasts between light and Exaggerated strong contrasts between light and dark seen in late 16th century painting. A more dramatic version dark seen in late 16th century painting. A more dramatic version of chiaroscuro.of chiaroscuro.

Light:Light:

Page 4: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Artists are creating works that appear to occupy the Artists are creating works that appear to occupy the same space as the viewer. same space as the viewer. SpacSpac

e:e:

Foreshortening – Foreshortening – Drawing / painting an object Drawing / painting an object or person that is not parallel to the picture or person that is not parallel to the picture plane. It makes the object / person appear to plane. It makes the object / person appear to recede into space.recede into space.

• Sculpture physically interacts with the viewer’s space in all Sculpture physically interacts with the viewer’s space in all directions. directions.

• Painting has perfected and pushed the boundaries of perspective Painting has perfected and pushed the boundaries of perspective through the technique of through the technique of foreshorteningforeshortening. .

• Architecture uses convex and concave forms to create a sense of Architecture uses convex and concave forms to create a sense of interesting space for visitors.interesting space for visitors.

Page 5: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Italian Baroque…Italian Baroque… Baroque Art began in Rome around 1600 ADBaroque Art began in Rome around 1600 AD

Baroque artists were experts at creating realistic Baroque artists were experts at creating realistic human proportions from almost any angle and human proportions from almost any angle and scenes with complex realistic perspective.scenes with complex realistic perspective.

Highly religious and emotional. Highly religious and emotional.

Influenced by the Counter-Reformation because the Art is Influenced by the Counter-Reformation because the Art is meant to help ordinary people connect with the Catholic meant to help ordinary people connect with the Catholic religion. religion.

Patrons: Church, Royalty & NobilityPatrons: Church, Royalty & Nobility

Page 6: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

BorromiBorrominini19.19. Francesco Borromini. Francesco Borromini. St. IvoSt. Ivo. .

(1643-1660 AD) Rome.(1643-1660 AD) Rome.

• Chapel for the Chapel for the University of RomeUniversity of Rome

• movement created by movement created by symmetry and symmetry and curvaturecurvature

• concave and convex concave and convex forms usedforms used

• decorative details decorative details (e.g. symbol of the (e.g. symbol of the Pope)Pope)

Page 7: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Interior view of the dome of St. Ivo…

• The dome – created by two intersecting equilateral The dome – created by two intersecting equilateral trianglestriangles

• concave and convex formsconcave and convex forms

• Focus on design, no need for painting or gold leaf to Focus on design, no need for painting or gold leaf to decorate the dome – it appeared just as heavenly decorate the dome – it appeared just as heavenly remaining pure white.remaining pure white.

Page 8: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Other notable works by Borromini…Other notable works by Borromini…

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

Sant’ Agnese in Agony

Page 9: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

20.20. Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Gian Lorenzo Bernini. DavidDavid. (1623 AD) Marble.. (1623 AD) Marble.

BerniniBernini

• created many works for the created many works for the Pope(s) throughout Rome Pope(s) throughout Rome

• used his own face for Davidused his own face for David

• How is this piece different How is this piece different from Donatello and from Donatello and Michelangelo’s Michelangelo’s DavidsDavids??

• How did the artist use…How did the artist use………time,time,……light,light,……space?space?

Page 10: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

• displayed at the Villa Borghese (in Rome), David appears dynamic displayed at the Villa Borghese (in Rome), David appears dynamic from all sides.from all sides.

Page 11: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Other notable works by Bernini…Other notable works by Bernini…

Pluto rapes Persepina(a.k.a. Hades rapes Persephone)

The Ecstasy of St. Teresa

Page 12: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Bernini continued…Bernini continued…Emperor Constantine

The Pope’s Throne

Page 13: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

CaravaggCaravaggioio21.21. Caravaggio. Caravaggio.

Crucifixion of St. PeterCrucifixion of St. Peter. . (1600-1601 AD) Oil on (1600-1601 AD) Oil on canvas.canvas.

• One of the most One of the most influential painters of the influential painters of the BaroqueBaroque

• Used Used tenebrismtenebrism

• used everyday people as used everyday people as models for religious models for religious paintings (sometimes paintings (sometimes controversial)controversial)

Page 14: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Other notable works by Caravaggio…Other notable works by Caravaggio…

The Calling of St. Matthew

David with the Head of Goliath

Page 15: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

GentilescGentileschihi22.22. Artemesia Artemesia

Gentileschi. Gentileschi. Judith and Judith and HolofernesHolofernes. (1625 AD) . (1625 AD) Oil on canvas.Oil on canvas.

• first first recordedrecorded female artist in female artist in EuropeEurope

• follower of follower of CaravaggioCaravaggio

• SceneScene: Biblical hero Judith, : Biblical hero Judith, beheading the Babylonian beheading the Babylonian general, Holofernes.general, Holofernes.

• used used tenebrismtenebrism

• figures show figures show foreshorteningforeshortening

Page 16: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Other notable works by Gentileschi…Other notable works by Gentileschi…

Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes

Self Portrait as the Allegory of Painting

Page 17: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Dutch Baroque…Dutch Baroque… Baroque artists throughout Europe often trained in Rome Baroque artists throughout Europe often trained in Rome

and brought techniques back to their country to develop and brought techniques back to their country to develop their own local style.their own local style.

Holland was Protestant and Democratic. Holland was Protestant and Democratic.

They forbade having religious images in Church. They forbade having religious images in Church.

Tended to paint still lifes, landscapes and scenes of Tended to paint still lifes, landscapes and scenes of everyday life. everyday life.

Patrons: middle classPatrons: middle class

Page 18: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

RembranRembrandtdt

23.23. Rembrandt. Rembrandt. The Return of The Return of the Prodigal Sonthe Prodigal Son. (1662) Oil on . (1662) Oil on canvas.canvas.• Considered greatest Dutch Considered greatest Dutch painter.painter.• Created nearly 100 self-portraits Created nearly 100 self-portraits throughout his lifetime.throughout his lifetime.• example of his late style – example of his late style – • gold-brown tones with subtle gold-brown tones with subtle shadingshading• implied psychological reactionimplied psychological reaction• quiet, solemn, broodingquiet, solemn, brooding• gradually used looser, thicker gradually used looser, thicker brushstrokesbrushstrokes

Page 19: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Other notable works by Rembrandt…Other notable works by Rembrandt…

The Nightwatch

Bathsheba Taking Her Bath

Page 20: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

24.24. Johannes Vermeer. Johannes Vermeer. Girl Girl with a Pearl Earringwith a Pearl Earring. (1665 . (1665 AD) Oil on panel.AD) Oil on panel.

VermeeVermeerr

• Not well known in his own day, Not well known in his own day, increasingly recognized during & increasingly recognized during & after the 19th century.after the 19th century.

• Vermeer is also known for his Vermeer is also known for his delicate portraits - used delicate portraits - used chiaroscurochiaroscuro and realism. and realism.

• Master of texture (capturing Master of texture (capturing appearance of different appearance of different materials)materials)

• Subject of this painting: Subject of this painting: unknownunknown

• Believed to use the camera obscura in creating his compositions

• Also known for capturing scenes of everyday life in Delft, Also known for capturing scenes of everyday life in Delft, Holland.Holland.

• Only completed about 50 paintings in his lifetime.Only completed about 50 paintings in his lifetime.

Page 21: Baroque Baroque - From the Portuguese or Spanish “barroco” meaning “rough of imperfect pearl.” Refers to something being elaborate; with many details

Other notable works by Vermeer…Other notable works by Vermeer…

The Love LetterThe Little Street (View of Houses in Delft)