BARCODE AND FISH DIVERSITY IN AMAZONIA: THE BARCODE AND FISH DIVERSITY IN AMAZONIA: THE CASE OF THE ELECTRIC FISH TRIBE STEATOGENINICASE OF THE ELECTRIC FISH TRIBE STEATOGENINI

Alves-Gomes, J. A. & Schmitt, R.Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil

ABBI and FISH-BOL Neotropical Working Group MeetingBuenos Aires, March 14-16, 2007

Anotophysi Otophysi

Ostariophysi

Cypriniformes Characiformes Siluriformes GymnotiformesGonorhynchiformes

Series

Superorder

GYMNOTIFORM’S ELECTROGENIC AND ELECTROSENSORY SYSTEMS (EES)

GYMNOTIFORMES

6

PU

LS

E T

YP

E

ELECTROPHORIDAE

RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE

HYPOPOMIDAE

GYMNOTIDAE

A. Batistella, 2003

R. Bernhard, 2003 LFC - 2002

LFC - 2002

WA

VE T

YP

E

R. Bernhard, 2003http://www.amazonian-fish.co.uk/indexster.html

http://www.amazonian-fish.co.uk/indexster.html

EIGENMANNIDAE

STERNOPYGIDAE APTERONOTIDAE

ELECTRIC ORGAN DISCHARGES (EODs)

EODs are species specificEODs are species specific

Crampton & Hopkins 2005

HypopygusSteatogenys

Distocyclus

ArcholaemusEigenmannia

SternarchorhamphusOrthosternarchus

SternarchellaSternarchogiton

AdontosternarchusA. leptorhynchus

A. albifrons

Rhabdolichops

BrachyhypopomusMicrosternarchus

RhamphichthysGymnorhamphichthys

Sternopygus

Electrophorus

Gymnotus

Eigenmanniidae

Apteronotidae

Hypopomidae

Ordem Siluriformes

Sternopygidae

ElectrophoridaeGymnotidae

FamilyGenera

Rhamphichthyidae

Phylogeny of Gymnotiformes

Steatogenini

Hypopygus lepturusHoedeman 1962

Steatogenys elegans

Steatogenys duidae

Steatogenini until the early 90’s

Nijssen & Isbrüker 1972

Color patterns in Hypopygus

Hypopygus neblinaeMago-Leccia 1994

Hypopygus lepturusHoedeman 1962

Steatogenys

Steatogenini during the 90’s

Hypopygus neblinaeMago-Leccia 1994

Hypopygus lepturusHoedeman 1962

Stegostenopos cryptogenesTriques 1997

Steatogenys

Steatogenini during the 90’s / today

Phylogeography in the rio Negro Basin

STUDY AREA – COLLECTION SITES

(Fonte: SigLab, Imagem de Satélite – Mr. Sid)

Iru

rab

iIb

ará

Ca

rab

ixi

Ja

rad

i

Ma

ba

rrá

Iah

á

Qu

imic

uri

Ad

uiá

21a

8eR. Bernhard, 2004

Steatogenys sp.

Hypopygus lepturus

Stegostenopos cryptogenes

R. Bernhard, 20048a

DNA ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES:

• Maximum Parsimony (MP)

• Maximum Likelihood (ML)

• Distance

RAG 1

D

AC

D

Steatogenys

H. lepturus

RAG 1

MP/ML/DistStegostenopus

Hypopygus neblinae

12S16S Strict of

ML/MP/Dist

A

C

ED

H. neblinae

Stegostenopus

Steatogenys

H. l

eptu

rus

DE

H. neblinae

S. elegans

H.

lep

turu

s

D-loop MP/HKY85/ML 2781

2845

2876

2885

2792

2791

D-loop MP/ML/Dist

-Is COI a good gene to detect Is COI a good gene to detect the variation in electric fish?the variation in electric fish?

- Can we BARCODE them?- Can we BARCODE them?

Eigenmannia sp.

COI - BARCODE MP

H. l

eptu

rus

A2781

2845

C 2792

2791

D

E

H. neblinae

Stegostenopus

Final considerationsFinal considerations- The Amazon fish biodiversity has been historically The Amazon fish biodiversity has been historically

underestimated; underestimated; - COI can detect the intra- and inter-specific variation in COI can detect the intra- and inter-specific variation in

Steatogenini;Steatogenini;- Therefore, COI appears to be an efficient marker for Therefore, COI appears to be an efficient marker for

electric fish species identification: we can BARCODE electric fish species identification: we can BARCODE electric fish;electric fish;

- The link between a padronized method (Barcode), The link between a padronized method (Barcode), biological collections and data management can biological collections and data management can benefit our general knowledge about biodiversity;benefit our general knowledge about biodiversity;

- BARCODE can be a important tool for biodiversity and BARCODE can be a important tool for biodiversity and conservation issues;conservation issues;

- CNPq funds for a project to barcode electric fish.CNPq funds for a project to barcode electric fish.

www.inpa.gov.br

renata@inpa.gov.br

puraque@inpa.gov.br

Irurabi

Ibará

Carabixi

Jaradi

Quimicuri

Aduiá

Mabarrá

Iahá

Quimicuri Mabarrá Carabixi Irurabi Ibará Jaradí Iahá Aduia

A 3 4 12 7 18 20 3 7 74

B 0 3 0 8 3 0 6 0 20

C 18 7 1 0 0 1 0 14 41

Total 21 14 13 15 21 21 9 21 135

LocalidadeLinhagem Total

49