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BAR INSTRUMENTS METAL Saron (sah-rohn) - Bali/Java. The generic Saron is a mid register instrument with typically six or seven but occasionallyup to fifteen bars, resting over a carved out wooden trough which serves as a pedestal and a resonator. The bars are played

using a rounded softwood hammer and muted with the non-playing hand. Bars may be removed by lifting them off the

frame of the instrument. The bars are held in place by metal "nails" which fit through holes at the nodal points of the bars.Small pieces of padding at the nails, between the bar and the edges of the wooden trough, are made of rubber or woven

 plant fiber. Saron bars are usually forged bronze but can also be made of iron, brass, bamboo, or hardwood. Saron bars

have a distinctive double curvature to their surface. All gamelan bars are curved over their length so that the center is

higher than the ends. This adds strength to the bar (arc principle) as well as resonance. Saron bars are similarly curvedacross the width of the bar.Saron Demung (deh-moohng)/Saron Panembung - Java. The Demung is a low register saron with large bars, typicallyconsisting of an octave plus one or two pitches.Peking (peh-king)/Saron Panerus (pah-neh-roose) - Java. The Peking is a small high register saron. The Peking is

 played with a hammer made of bull's horn.Saron/Gangsa Jongkok - Bali. Saron Jongkok are paired saron de-tuned in the standard Balinese pengisep/pengumbangrelationship. They are most often played with a horn shaped mallet, like gangsa. Jongkok are often combined with

Jongkok Kantilan one octave higher. They are used most extensively in the archaic and classic ensembles such as GongGede and Semar Pegulingan.Saron Gambang - Bali. Saron Gambang are similar to Jongkok in their paired tunings, but the scale of Saron Gambang is

derived from a song cycle source known as Kidung. Others are based on scales of the

Kekawin.Gender (gehn-dare) - Bali/Java. Gender is an instrument with bars suspended onrawhide straps or cord over tubular resonators. Most Gender have fourteen bars. Gender 

 bars are primarily hexagonal in cross section and arched so that the middle of the bar is

higher than the ends. Gender are typically played with two disk shaped mallets,requiring specialized muting techniques.Gender Barung - Java. The primary bar instrument of the Javanese ensemble. Standard

 pelog/slendro gamelan have three gender barung, one in slendro, one in standard pelog,and another in pelog barang, replacing pitch one with pitch seven. Gender Barung is

 played with two padded disk shaped mallets.Gender Panerus - Java. One octave higher than Gender Barung.Gender Panembung/Slenthem - Java. A seven bar bass Gender 

 played with one padded disk shaped mallet.Gender Wayang - Bali. Two or four ten-bar Gender in slendro, each

 played with two hardwood disk shaped mallets. Gender Wayangaccompanies Wayang Kulit shadow play and various rites of passage.

Gender Wayang music is contrapuntal, playing the melody,variations, gongs, and elaborations of larger orchestras with only twoor four instruments.Gender Rambat - Bali. A pair of gender in pelog which are part of 

gamelan pelegongan and semar pegulingan. This gender is played

with two hands but plays traditionally only in octaves.Salunding - Bali. A cross between Gender and Saron, and possibly ahistorical bridge between the two instruments, Salunding has suspended iron bars over a trough resonator. The largest

instruments feature heavy iron bars as gongs. The instruments of Salunding are modular with only four or eight bars per instrument and may be configured in a variety of ways.

WOOD Gambang (gahm-bahng) - Java. Javanese Gambang is a xylophone with hardwood bars resting over a trough resonator. Itis played with two long handled disk shaped mallets. A pelog/slendro gamelan will typically have three Gambang, one in

slendro, one in standard pelog, and one in pelog barang, replacing pitch one with pitch seven.

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FLUTES Suling Java - Java. An end blown bamboo flute. Javanese flutes are tuned to correspond with various

 patet and several different flutes may be part of the same gamelan.Suling Bali - Bali. An end blown bamboo flute which can be played in both the slendro and pelog

scales using variations of fingering. Suling in Bali are played with a circular breathing techniqueallowing the flute to sound continuously without stopping the sound for breath.

BAMBOO Gambang - Bali. A pair or quartet of bamboo xylophones played with double, forked, mallets. The bars of Balinese

gambang are placed in a non-scalar order to facilitate particular double-stop intervals. Gambang is used for cremation rites and

draws its repertoire and scales from ancient Kidung literature.Gamelan Joged Bumbung/Tiklik/Rindik - Bali. A ten bar 

 bamboo xylophone. The bars are suspended in a wooden frame.

The bamboo bars are cut with part of the bamboo cylinder remaining intact to serve as a resonator. It is played with longhandled rubber headed mallets.

Jegog - Bali. A large ensemble of instruments resembling tiklik with bass bamboo bars reaching up to a foot wide and eight to ten feet long.

STRINGS 

Bowed strings Rebab - Java/Bali. A two stringed bowed string instrument, the body of the Rebab is

a coconut shell with goat skin stretched over it to produce a resonating chamber.

Plucked strings Ziter - Java. A small box shaped zither with a set of strings on both sides of its body,one side in pelog and the other in slendro.

Celempung - Java. A large archaic zither rarely used in the modern Javanesegamelan.

Kacapi - east Java. Another form of zither usually combined with suling.