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Title
A Bankable WiFi and LTE Business Plan for a
Fixed Line Operator22nd September 2014
Dr. Dennis Magaya
www.rubiem.com
+27 84 777 0666
Title
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Market Analysis
3. Operating Model
4. Business Case Unpacked
a. Operating Model
b. Revenue Model
c. Capex Model
d. Opex Model
5. Implementation
Title
Purpose
A Leader in High Value Consultancy Services in Africa
VISION
Sincerity - Honesty - Passion - Excellence
VALUES
Title
Strategy
Positioning Offer High Value Consultancy and Implementation Services to Top-end Markets and
Deliver Results that Transform the Bottom Line
Differentiators• Implementation and Results
• Diversity of Expertise, Skills and Culture from all Over Africa
• Customer Experience
We deliver exceptional customer experience.
We walk the journey with our clients
by seeing through the implementation
and operations of our proposed solutions.
We believe that ‘Results don't lie.’
Title
We set up an office with local partners in every country
that we operate. This ensures skills transfer,
empowerment and job creation.
We aim to cover the whole of Africa growing from
the SADC region.
We have Offices and Operation in
1. South Sudan,
2. Malawi,
3. Mauritius,
4. Mozambique,
5. Namibia,
6. South Africa,
7. Swaziland,
8. Zimbabwe,
9. Tanzania
Current Footprint
Title
SKILLS AND RESOURCES
Engineers,
Project Managers
Solutions Architects, IT Consultants, Business Analysts,
Software Developers, Testers,
Marketing/Sales Consultants,
HR Consultants,
Financial Analysts,
Mergers & Acquisitions Consultants,
Customer Experience Specialists.
rubiem has 30 Staff Members
Our Human Resources Skills Include
Title
1. ICT Communications and Broadcasting
1. Financial Banks, Insurances and Medical Aid
1. Commercial Retail and Manufacturing
1. Organizations Government, Regulators and NGO
Our Target Markets include the following segments:
MARKETS
Title
rubiem STRUCTURE
rubiem Grouprubiem Group
rubiemSolutionsrubiem
Solutionsrubiem Training
Instituterubiem Training
InstituteComfix (Pvt) LtdComfix (Pvt) Ltd
High-Value
Business & Technical
Consultancy
Services
Training and
HR DevelopmentNetwork
Installations and
Commissioning
The rubiem Group Comprises of 3 Different Companies
Title
How
What we do
Who we are
Positioning
Vision
Mission
Corporate values
Objectives &
Targets
Marketing Strategy
Products &
servicesPricing
Sales &
distribution
Communi-
cations
Segment-specific Value Propositions
Growth &
value
strategy
Differen-
tiators
Market
segmentation
Corporate
Strategy
Strategy Pyramid
• There has to be a clear strategic objective
Go-to-Market Strategy
Strategy Mapping
Title
Broadband Market Analysis
Broadband Internet Access is the Fastest Growing Service in Communications
The Only Thing Growing Faster than the Internet are Internet Statistics – Meaningless Statistics
Title
Broadband Penetration Forecasts
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Pe
ne
tra
tio
n R
ate
Mobile Subscriptions per Capita
Africa
Arab States
Asia & Pacific
CIS
Europe
Americas
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Pe
rce
nt
Mobile Broadband Penetration
Africa
Arab States
Asia & Pacific
CIS
Europe
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Pe
rce
nt
Fixed Line Penetration
Africa
Arab States
Asia & Pacific
CIS
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
Africa Arab
States
Asia &
Pacific
CIS Europe Americas
Mobile Subscriptions (CAGR)
0.0%
100.0%
200.0%
300.0%
Africa Arab
States
Asia &
Pacific
CIS Europe Americas
Mobile Broadband Subscriptions (CAGR)
0.0%
50.0%
100.0%
Africa Arab
States
Asia &
Pacific
CIS Europe Americas
Fixed Line Broadband Subscriptions (CAGR)
Title
Telecoms
Network
Social Networks
IP/IT Networks
Communications
Networks
The Exploding Network Edge
• How much engineering and QoS
is done on the EDGE and who takes
Responsibility?
• Who provides NoC and Call Center?
• Who owns this EDGE business and can
It be Listed on the Stock Exchange?
LTE
an
d W
iFic
an
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ock
this
Va
lue
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r F
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ine
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era
tors
Title The availability of fast cheaper broadband allows several new markets to develop
around the peripherals of fixed and mobile networks.
The new markets are increasingly free from the traditional geographic boundaries that provided
operators with some barriers to entry as protection against new entrants
The Exploding Network Edge
A lot of these businesses
are concerned about
Content and Apps.
There is little to do with
the network itself
LTE
an
d W
iFic
an
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ock
this
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lue
fo
r F
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ine
Op
era
tors
Title
Operators Look to New Areas for Revenue Drivers
Sources: Regions situation analysis, Ericsson cloud program, Ericsson M2M program
Smart phones and having more devices connected to the internet all the time has also opened
up new opportunities for niche market value applications
M2M
Verticals
Operators are announcing cloud services
but most are still evaluating options and
have not made any aggressive moves yet
Advanced operators are taking larger roles such as
Building M2M divisions, Partnering
Most targeted segments are Automotive, Metering
& grid, POS terminals, Tele- health
Operators deployment of vertical services
accelerating in the past years, however
there is still a long way to go, most
advanced offerings for financial services,
healthcare and logistics
Cloud
The Telcoms Comfort Zone
• Walled Garden
• Tightly Coupled Value Chain
• Inefficient Business Processes Protected by Margins
LTE
an
d W
iFic
an
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ock
this
Va
lue
fo
r F
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ine
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era
tors
Title
These OTT products are rapidly replacing bundled operator services, fuelled by the
proliferation of smart phones and high speed mobile broadband connections.
Voice is also shifting onto Apps and the Internet - OTT
Business case liked by Telcos Business case less understood by Telcos
LTE
an
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iFic
an
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ock
this
Va
lue
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r F
ixe
d L
ine
Op
era
tors
Title Who owns the customer and which is the
dominant brand – the Network or Website
Powerful Content Providers in the Value Chain
LTE
/ 4
G B
ran
d C
an
t P
ut
Aga
inst
th
ese
Bra
nd
s
LTE
an
d W
iFic
an
Un
ock
this
Va
lue
fo
r F
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ine
Op
era
tors
Title
Increasing Data per User Driven Mainly by Video
Sources: Ericsson Strategic Forecast, regions situation analysis,
Ericsson traffic & market data report,
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
GB per month
201620152014201320122011201020092008
PC’s
Tablets
High traffic Smartphone
Monthly usage device-type Global mobile data traffic by application
16% 19% 18%
7%
SmartphoneTabletLaptop
2%4%
3%
29%
34%
4%
11%
2%
6%
23%
31%
3%
5%
10%1%3%
24%
40%
1%
6%
100% 100% 100%
SW download/ update
other
file sharing
social networking
web browsing
online video
online audio
PC/Laptops continue to be the biggest data traffic devices, while video remains the
largest application type, with Youtube as the biggest contributor.
Title
What is the Problem with all of this - Monitization ?
The problem is the believe that “smart platforms” will provide operators with the chance to
monetise the traditional telephony services.
The reality is that people value
and want the following:
• COVERAGE
• QUALITY VOICE
• SMART PHONES
• CHEAP HIGH SPEED BROADBAND
(fixed and/or mobile).
The reality is also that unless all operators do the same things at the same time such that
services are available on all devices, that interoperability will never be what can be done on the
internet and provided to end users FOR FREE.
Title
Operating Model Imperatives – LTE and WiFi
• The basic business model is the telecommunication
services model .
• LTE Service business Model Developed than WiFi
• An Extension of the Existing Industry
• High Barriers to Entry for vendors & Service Providers
• Use licensed spectrum.
• Business model was selling boxes to customers.
• A New Business and Service Model required.
• Low Barriers to Entry for vendors & Service Providers
• Uses unlicensed shared spectrum.
• Emerges from data communications industry ( LANs)
• Its a bi-product of the computer industry.
LTEWiFi
Title
Operating Model – WiFi and LTE
The Mass Market (Mid to Low End)
– The 2G/3G are Mass Market Technologies
• Make and Sell Airtime at Lowest cost and Maximum Reach
– How do we take WiFi to the Mass Market?
– How do we take LTE to the Mass market?
– When will LTE and WiFi become Mass Market Technologies?
Currently only 10% of GSM Subscribers are on 3G
Currently only 8% of Fixed Line Customers are on ADSL
Although 3G and ADSL are Mass Market Products, their Uptake is Relatively Low
Title
9 x
Growth
Rate
Time
Data Revenue
Data Traffic
• Mobile Network Operator : High Traffic = High CAPEX in a High Margin Business
• WiFi Operator : High Traffic = High Sales Volume in a Low Margin Business
• Fixed Line Operator : High Traffic = High Sales Volume in Wholesale Business
• Facility / Premises Owner : High Traffic = High “Freebies” and diversion from core business
Operating Model - WiFi and LTE
Is your business plan a Traffic Business
Plan or Revenue Business Plan?
Network Operators are chasing Traffic
and Service Providers Revenue
Title
Operating Model - LTE
Which Technology are We Replacing ?
– Are we Replacing Copper with LTE?
• Why buy an Entire eNode B, MME, HSS Just to replace a copper wire?
• Do we stop buying more MSANs or we Decommission MSAN?
• Is there a Business Case to Replace Copper with LTE
– Are we Replacing CDMA with LTE?
– Are we Replacing Fiber with LTE
– Are we building a New Mobile Network Based on LTE
– Long Term Evolution (LTE) – Does Copper Evolve to Mobile
The answer varies from one operator to another, but we must address these in the business plan
Title Who Owns the Customer?
– Device Vendor (Handset, Tablet)
– Mobile Network Operator (SIM Card)
– The Internet Service Provider (ISP)
– The Hotspot Facility / Business Owner
– Telecoms Network Operator (Fiber/ADSL)
Operating Model Imperatives - WiFi
In Classic Business, Who Owns the Customer Bills the Customer
Title
Operating Model Imperatives - WiFi
The “Free of Charge” Stigma?
– Free WiFi at Restaurants
– Free WiFi at Hotels
– Free WiFi at Airports
– Free WiFi at Work
– Free WiFi at Shopping Malls
– Free WiFi at Home from Uncapped ADSL
How do Telcos Create a Business Model Out of a Service Perceived to be “Free” Charge?
Where is the Spectrum License Fees?
Title
Operating Model - WiFi
Fragmented and Emerging CAPEX and OPEX Model
– How much is the marginal CAPEX per Subscriber?
– How much is the marginal CAPEX per MB?
– How much is the OPEX per subscriber?
– How Much is the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for WiFi
Network?
– The WiFi CAPEX and OPEX Models are emerging / New
Title
Fixed Line Operator
Hotspot /Business Owner
Data Service Provider Data Service Provider
Internet Reseller
SIM /Device
Internet Service Provider
TelecomNetwork
Marketing and Sales
Devices /SIM
OperationsBillingWiFi
Access Network
Internet& Network
Facility/Premises
1% CAPEX45% 0%30% 4%0%10%5%
5% Profit14% 25%40% 5%1%5%5%
5% OPEX35% 20%25% 5%1%4%5%
The WiFi Value Chain Analysis
Title
Fixed Line Operator
TelecomNetwork
Marketing and Sales
Devices /SIM
OperationsBillingWiFi
Access Network
Internet& Network
Facility/Premises
1% CAPEX45% 0%30% 4%0%10%5%
5% Profit14% 25%40% 5%1%5%5%
1% OPEX35% 20%25% 15%1%4%3%
The WiFi Value Chain Analysis
• Use OTT to Own the Device (Don’t focus on owning the customer )
• For Fixed Line Operator, use IMS to integrate OTT into the “walled garden”
• To Control Value Chain, Control Internet, Marketing and Sales is Service Focused
• Operations Should Outsourced
Title
The Business Plan
1. Is there a Viable Standalone LTE Business Plan?
2. Or is LTE only viable if Integrated into 2G/3G or Fixed Line
1. What are the key drivers to a WiFi Business Plan
2. Why are Operators Investing too Much in LTE and too Little in WiFi
3. Can a Bank Finance a WiFi Project?
Title
Business Plan Development Model
Revenue
Model
Subscribers/Usage
• LTE
• WiFI
• Download/User/product
• Uploadl/User/product
Tariffs/Prices
• LTE
• WiFi
Product/Services
• LTE
• WiFi
1
OPEX
Model
Organizational
Technology
• LTE
• WiFi
System/Process
• LTE
• WiFi
3
CAPEX
Model
2
Technology
• LTE
• WiFiFunding
Systems
2015
Budget
2018 Forecast
2016 Forecast
2017 Forecast
Business Plan
Base
Case 1
4
2
Title Population
Internet/Broadband Penetration Telecoms – Fixed and Mobile Penetration
Addressable Market
Device Penetration – Smartphone / Tablet/ PC LTE Saturation Levels
Target Market
Segments Segments
Operating Model
Strategic Objective for Investment Strategic Objective for Investment
Products/Services
Uptake per Product per Segment Uptake per Product per Segment
Traffic/Usage
Traffic per Product per Segment Traffic per Product per Segment
Tariffs/Price
Tariffs per Product per Segment Tariffs per Product per Segment
LTEWiFi
Revenue Model Components
Title
LTE Revenue Model Map
Population Data MarketAddressable
MarketLTE Saturation Market
Shares
Market
Analysis
11
1.11.1 1.21.2 1.31.3 1.41.4 1.51.5
SegmentationGross
AdditionsChurn
Value
PropositionsProducts/
ServicesCustomers
22
2.12.1 2.22.2 2.32.3 2.42.4 2.52.5
Data Usage
Per Segment
per pruduct
SeasonalityBillable/
UnbillableDiscounts Commission
Traffic &
Pricing
33
3.13.1 3.23.2 3.33.3 3.43.4 3.53.5
DevicesCost of
Data
Dealer
CommissionVouchers SIM Cards
Cost of
Sales
44
4.14.1 4.24.2 4.34.3 4.44.4 4.54.5
Gross
Margin
Title
WiFi Revenue Model Map
Telecoms
Market Fixed & Mobile
Addressable
Market
Broadband
Penetration
Smartphones
Tablets / PC
Market
Shares CustomersMarket
Analysis
11
1.11.1 1.21.2 1.31.3 1.41.4 1.51.5
SegmentationGross
AdditionsChurn
Location and
Nomadic Products/
ServicesCustomers
22
2.12.1 2.22.2 2.32.3 2.42.4 2.52.5
Operating
Model
Data Usage
per customer
Billable/
UnbillableLocations Promotions
Traffic &
Pricing
33
3.13.1 3.23.2 3.33.3 3.43.4 3.53.5
Devices / CPECost of
data
Dealer
CommissionVouchers
Infrastructure
And facilities
Cost of
Sales
44
4.14.1 4.24.2 4.34.3 4.44.4 4.54.5
Gross
Margin
Title Coverage
Hotspots Regions /Areas
Capacity – Network
x Traffic Model per User
LTEWiFi
CAPEX and Funding Model Consideration
Capacity – Systems
x Cost per Subscriber
Funding
Revenue Share, Service Provider/Operator Banks, Vendor, Service Provider/Operator
Title
CAPEX Model - LTE
Legacy Investment
– Legacy is something that works
– How much is the marginal CAPEX per Subscriber?
– Compare the LTE Marginal Capex per Sub with Copper
– How much is the marginal CAPEX per MB?
– Compare the LTE Marginal CAPEX per MB with Copper
– How much is the OPEX per subscriber?
Interoperability
– Where are we with backward Interoperability
– Where are we with standardization GSM / WiFi
Title » Profitability Analysis� ARPU
a. Average ARPU US$8 (Down 12% from 2007)
� General Decline is 10-20% per Year
b. ARPU is a good Measure of Bottom-line Performance
� For ARPU Above US$10, the EBITDA is About 45%
� For ARPU Below US$10, EBITDA is 0-45%
� EBITDA
a. The Median is 43% (Excluding 3rd Entrant) and 25% incl 3rd Entrant
b. Big Players Margin 50% to 60%
c. Churn is 8-10% per Month
Africa Mobile Business Highlights – Voice & Data
Title
Business Case – Best Practice
①①①① ARPU
– 2G ARPU is US$5 - US$8 /Month
– 3G ARPU is US$15-US$50/Month
– 4G (LTE) ARPU is US$ 30 – US$ 150 / Month
②②②② CAPEX
– A Greenfield Node B (3G BTS) is 20% more than 2G
– A Greenfield eNode B (LTE BTS) is 50% more than 3G
– The Marginal Capex per Subscriber for 2G/3G is US$100
– The Marginal Capex per Subscriber for 4G US$200
– The Marginal Capex per Subscriber for WiFi les than US$20
③③③③ OPEX
– 2G OPEX is $3-10 per month per Subscriber
– 3G OPEX is US$15-US$50 per Month per Subscriber
– 4G (LTE) OPEX is about US$50 per month
Title
Business Case – Best Practice
1. WiFi Breakeven is Less than 18 Months
1. WiFi Profitability is Higher Fixed and Can be Higher than Mobile
– Expect EBIDTA of 45%
1. WiFi is Still an Urban / Upmarket Service
2. The Marginal CAPEX per Subscriber is around US$20
3. The WiFi OPEX per Subscriber is about US$3.00
Title
Business Case – Best Practice
1. The LTE Business Case Depends on the Deployment Objectives
– 2G/3G Mobile Data Evolution
– Fixed Line Services
– Nomadic High Bandwidth Service – Hot Patches (WiFi is for Hot spots)
Title
Products and Services
Title
4G – LTE Value Proposition
• Target Customers - Consumers in terms of Devices
– Dongle (PC) Users
– Tablet Users
– Handset Users (LTE)
– Handset Users (Smart Phones)
– Fixed Line (Backhaul)
• Target Customers – Corporates
– Connectivity
– Internet Access
– VoLTE
• Hotspots
– Backhaul
• Business Model
– Brand positioning
– Future IP Centric Telco
– Mobile and Wireless Services
• Business Case
– 3G Penetration is less than 10% of Mobile
– Minimum of 28% penetration required
– LTE Business Case if not mature
Title
Broadband Pricing for Fixed Line and Internet
Title
LTE and WiFi Relative Pricing Points
WiFi Price
WiFi
Price Point
3G Price
US$0.02 / MB
3G
Off-Load
US$0.01 / MB
Fixed Line
ADSL/Fiber
Wireless
Access
4G Price
4G
Off-Load
+/-US$0.10 / MB
Title The following diagram outlines six different strategies for maximising the monetisation
potential of broadband within the context of serving needs of different market segments. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This model could be applied to fixed, mobile, and converged offerings
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic Data TransferPay per Use
(different bundle sizes)
Pay per QoS(different throughputs)
Service Bundles(e.g. IPTV services)
Performance Based SLA (managed services)
Wholesale Traffic(reverse billed)
Volume
Quality
Content
Mechanism Differentiation
Further levels of price optimisation and differentiation can be achieved through bundling Voice,
Value Added Services, and Content, through Dual, Triple and Quad Play offerings
Pricing Strategy - Broadband Monetization Options
Title • Telecommunications operations have to design products and services to gain revenue from OTT
• If a Telecoms Operator ignores OTT, they will become a cheap pipe provider
– Pipe Provider means high traffic and low revenue
Over-the-Top Applications (OTT)
Go-to-Market Strategy
– Products • Whatsapp/Facebook/Linked-In Bundle or package or product (postpaid with device)
• Skype /Instant Messaging Bundle
– Pricing • Monthly subscription or a voucher (the monthly subscription is cheaper than voucher)
• The subscription of voucher is cheaper than normal internet access
– Marketing • Target the mass market and social media users. Position the company for an OTT (Telco.2) business model
– Business Case • 5% profit increase
• Insignificant marginal capex
Title
WiFi
• Fastest growing access network low cost and device agnostic
• Can be used for mobile (3G/4G) Off-load
• Operators deploying extensive networks – in all hotspots
• Balance cannibalization of 3G in High population areas with usage increase
• Which Business Model to Use
– Wholesale (Backbone) or Retail
– Off-load 3G/4G Traffic
Go-to-Market Strategy
– Products • Public Internet Access, Private Internet Access
• Last Mile Access for LTE and Fiber
– Pricing • Priced higher (about 30%) than Fixed but lower (about 30%) than mobile
• Subscription for all Postpaid customer and Vouchers for all prepaid
– Marketing • Billboards and Hotspot Signage as a Technology (WiFi or 4G) or in mature markets as a service (Wireless Broadband)
– Business Case • 10% Revenue/Service Increase
• About $20/Subscriber marginal capex
Title Computer Backup
• The Enterprise workforce is very mobile with more and more device being connected to the LAN. The risk to enterprise
information being lost or accidentally deleted has increased.
• The Computer Backup solution is a simple, secure, automated and Internet-based backup service that protects your data from
accidental deletion or computer failure. The services offers storage of information on the computer. The service can be accessed
from any device and anywhere through an intuitive web portal for easy file sharing.
• The backup can be based on time or events. The information to be backed up is also configurable.
• There is built-in security to protect your files all the time.
Benefits
• Information security and storage at a lower cost.
• Business efficiency
Billing
- Monthly subscription per user with the capability for top-up using a Voucher, Credit card, ATM
- Usage based payment e.g Per GB Data downloaded
- A Once-Off Activation Fee required per User Setup to cater for different device requirements
Sales - Order Via the Website , Shop, IVR and Telesales
Go-to-Market
– Launched as Promotion to Determine Uptake and Price-point and later on. A 30 Day Trial Recommended before Signup
• Can be Added to an FMC product
• Can be launched as a Separate Service
Computer Backup
Title Safe Family Internet
• The family is connecting more and more devices onto the internet. The risk of internet attacks on your laptops and desktops is
high and increasing. In addition, the risk of family members landing on undesired websites is increasing.
• Virus & Spyware Protection
• Receive world-Wide updates on virus profiles for early prevention. Scans and detect infected files for quarantine and repair
Internet Firewall Everywhere
• Desktop firewall to protect your PCs in various networks from unauthorized intrusions - even outside office environments.
Anti-Spam Control
• The Plug-in Outlook module automatically clears spam based on user-defined filtering rules.
Online Management Portal
• The network administrator account allows license management, network security reports, remote configuration, access central
monitoring, and update and install remotely.
Benefits
• Cost Savings
• Basic Internet security protections on their workstations
Billing - Monthly subscription per user with the capability for top-up using a Voucher, Credit card, ATM
Go-to-Market
– Launched as Promotion to Determine Uptake and Price-point and later on. A 30 Day Trial Recommended before Signup
• Can be Added to an FMC product
• Can be launched as a Separate Service
Safe Family Internet
Title MiCloud
• The Family Cloud enables the user to configure the Cloud for various services such storage for music, videos, photos and
documents
• The user can retrieve and update the Family Cloud with any device, anytime and anywhere
• The system provides adequate security for information safe keeping and transit via the internet
• The Personal Cloud allows family members to setup their own space within the family cloud
Benefits
• Cost Savings
• Quick, Safe and Convenient Storage
Billing
- Prepaid or Monthly subscription . Top-up using a Voucher, Credit card, ATM
- Usage based payment e.g Per GB Data downloaded
- A Once-Off Activation Fee required per User Setup to cater for different device
Sales - Order Via the Website , Shop, IVR and Telesales
Go-to-Market
– Launched as Promotion to Determine Uptake and Price-point and later on.
• Can be Added to an FMC product
• Can be launched as a Separate Service
The Family and Personal Cloud
Title WiFi
1. There is a Business Case for WiFi for a Fixed Line Operator … there is an opportunity
2. Use Unique Strength (Copper/Fiber ) to deliver WiFi and be Number 1 in Broadband
3. WiFi Enables Fixed Line to Access the Mobile Customer Base – Own the Service
4. The WiFi Equipment – Hybrid Teclo and IP Grade
5. The Critical Success Factor are
• The Operating Model
• The Go-to-Market
• WiFi is not Fixed Line, Its Mobile Business – it’s a new business model
Implementation – Best Practice
Title
Implementation – Best Practice
LTE
1. The LTE Business Case as a Carefully Optimised Mix between
• 3G
• Copper / Fiber
• WiFi
1. The Champions in Telecoms – Pan African Operators, Equipment and Device Vendors are still
recouping Investment in 3G and haven’t put 100% effort on LTE Business Case
1. LTE is currently a Brand positioning deal - “ in Formula 1 its called Track positioning”
2. While the Mobile Operators are Frosty about LTE, the Fixed Line should move quickly to Occupy
the Space
Title
Africa is covered by the people who know Africa
Asante
“Results Don’t Lie” No Matter How Intelligent an Explanation is, It
can never replace a result – D Magaya
