Bank St, Chepstow

DOCUMENT NO 205 October 2013

A.P.A.C. Ltd.

Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

Archaeological Evaluation at10 Bank St, Chepstow

Pre Planning: Application No: 2012/00946

Prepared for: Liddell + Associates

By: Dr N Phillips.

A.P.A.C. Ltd 10 Bank St, Chepstow EV/CBK/13

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1. Summary Dr N Phillips: A.P.A.C. Ltd, was contacted in July 2013 by Mr C. McGonagle; Liddell+Associates in relation to proposed work to be undertaken in the rear garden of 10 Bank St Chepstow. Liddell+Associates are the architects acting for Mr P Moon, the owner of the property. The proposed work involves: new residential development and associated works, within an archaeologically sensitive area.

A planning application was submitted to Monmouthshire County Council (MCC) and as part of the planning process, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) advised the planning department that the proposed work at the site could likely impact on archaeological resources. GGAT, therefore, recommended that in order for the work to progress, the client would need to engage an archaeologist to undertake preliminary evaluation work at the site. Dr N Phillips from A.P.A.C. Ltd visited the site on 31st July 2013 and after discussions with the agent and GGAT agreed to accept the work. This document is the report of the findings of the evaluation work. The evaluation work produced a sequence of ceramic finds ranging back to the 12th century; possibly associated with contemporary surfaces.

Cover photograph: Trench 1 completed DSCO5215 Copyright Notice: A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.


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1. .................................................................................................................................1 Summary2. .....................................................................................................................................3 Figures3. .......................................................................................................................................3 Plates4. .............................................................................................................................4 Introduction5. ...................................................................4 Location and Description of the Evaluation Area6. ...............................................4 Brief Archaeological Description and Historical Background7. .........................................................................................................5 Geology and topography8. ...............................................................................................................5 Aims and Objectives9. ...................................................................................................................6 Scope of the Work10. .......................................................................................................................6 Methodology11. ...............................................................................................7 Evaluation Trenches Results12. ............................................................................................10 Discussion and Interpretation13. ................................................................................................................................10 Impact14. ...........................................................................................................................11 Copyright15. ..............................................................................................................................11 Archive16. ...................................................................................................................................11 Staff17. ......................................................................................................................12 Bibliography


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2. Figures

01 Site Location map 02 Historical mapping for site position. 03 1920 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map 04 Trench 1 plan and section 05 Trench 2 Plan and section

3. Plates

01 Position of trench 02 Initial clearance to [102] with [103] in the fore ground 03 Find {9} 04 Long view section at central W edge showing section above {6} [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] 05 S aspect of [108] exposure with detached piece of clay 06 SW corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [107] [108] 07 Central west edge of trench [104] and find {14} 08 Long view. [103] top left over [106] [107] [109]. Centre [108] bund with [107] right 09 SW corner. [108] left. [106] foreground. 10 N half. [108] left. [109] right, [106] top right 11 Overall view of features {108] and [106] [118] 12 SE section detail: [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116]

(flash) 13 VN Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116]

good lighting 14 VE Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116]

good lighting 15 Position of Trench 2 16 Setting out Trench 2 17 Cobbles [203] with remnant of [202] at south edge, top. [200][202] right. [204] left. [205] bottom

left 18 South section rectification sequence 2 Centre left. [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [210] [212] [209] 19 Cobbles [203] right [209] bottom right [211] bottom left [208] centre left [204] top right. [205]

[213] top centre 20 Detail of section [203] [210] [212] [209] 21 Cobbles [203] centre [209] right [211] bottom right[208] bottom centre [204] top right. [205]

bottom right 22 Rectification sequence, detail with flash: 1 SE corner. Feature [204], [210][212] removed [209] at

bottom 23 Cobbles [203] left with {205] centre and [208] top 24 Rectification sequence, detail with flash: 3. E corner. Feature [204], [210][212] right. [205]

removed [213] possible [204] 25 Recording 26 Backfilled

Appendices

Appendix I Contexts sheets Appendix II Digital Photograph list & contact sheet Appendix III Finds Index & assemblage photographs Appendix IV Project design


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4. Introduction This report on an archaeological evaluation has been prepared by Dr Neil Phillips, A.P.A.C. Ltd, in response to a proposed programme of works, to construct two new dwellings and associated works at the rear of 10 Bank St Chepstow, NP16 5EN, (DC/2012/00946). The client, Mr P. Moon; having submitted a planning application to Chepstow Town Council (CTC) through his agents, Liddell + Associates; (pl.app.no 2012/00946), had been advised that the proposed work would have an archaeological restraint, (MON2050/JBHD). The stated reason was that: the application area is situated inside an archaeologically sensitive area within the medieval town some 60m inside the Port Wall a scheduled Ancient Monument Cadw ref: MM002, (ibid.).

The archaeological restraint was identified by Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, (GGAT), advisers to Monmouthshire County Council (MCC), in such matters. The GGAT guidance to MCC cited Planning Policy Wales 5th ed, 2012 Section 6.5.1 which notes that:

the desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in determining a planning application whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled.

Also, Welsh Office Circular 60/96. Section 13:

where research indicates that important archaeological remains may exist, the planning authority should request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried out before any decision on the planning application is taken.

(MON2050/JBHD).

5. Location and Description of the Evaluation Area The location of the site, fig 01 is just off the High St, Chepstow town centre, behind Barclays Bank on the parallel Bank St.

6. Brief Archaeological Description and Historical Background A scant amount of evidence, and a few chance finds, suggest a Roman presence in Chepstow from as early as the 1st century to as late as the 4th. It is probable that the presence was related to a probable ferry crossing which may have grown into a settlement later on. Unfortunately, no evidence has yet been found to confirm this and neither has any thing been found to confirm a continuation of presence after the Roman withdrawal, to the coming of the Normans. It is the Norman period that dominates the archaeology of Chepstow, a name first recorded in 1308 as Chepestowe, possibly meaning market place, (Ekwall, E. 1977). Chepstow had originally been known to the Normans as Strigull with its castle, first mentioned in Domesday, Castellum de Striguil, (Morris) now largely accepted as the first stone castle in the UK, 1067-71, (see Turner & Johnson 2006). The castle and surrounds including the evaluation site are bounded by a formidable wall, itself a Scheduled Ancient Monument MM002, dated to c 1248 and measuring some 1100 meters in length, enclosing some 53 hectares. The wall is a mere 60m from the evaluation site fig 02.


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It has also been suggested that the area of the evaluation site is close to the 13th century road from the Port Gate to the river (MON2050/JBHD). An early map of Chepstow by Iacobum Millerd shows a stylistic representation of the walled town of Chepstow and a portion of it has been reproduced in fig 02, 1668 Millerd. Adjacent to the 1668 map is the later 1881 Ordnance Survey map of roughly the same area and on both maps is the outline of the proposed development site transposed from the block plan 2128/4, supplied by Liddell + Associates. The 1668 map identifies the position of the present No 10 Bank Street as a gap between an almost continuous street frontage, formed along the north west of an open square, Old Market Square 1687; later Bank Square 1807, Back St 1814, (Waters 1974) and Beaufort Square 1881, fig 02. Waters also suggests that Bank St was originally the main road called Hocker Hill Street (ibid) which may allude to GGATs suggestion of a route from the Port Gate. The rear of the 1668 property would appear to be a formal orchard with ambulatory accessible from the square. The adjacent rear area, to the north east, is similar with a more geometric layout bounded with equidistant trees. The rear areas of the properties to the south east are not accessible from the square and contain only trees with no formal outlay. The property itself would appear to have a longer NW/SE axis, in 1668. The present frontage to the site, No 10, possibly dates to the 18th century, (MON2050/JBHD), although, its first cartographic presence is not recorded until the 1st edition Ordnance Survey maps, 1881, fig 02. At this time the frontage property appears to be square in plan with the rear area having been divided into two accessed by a short external stair. Waters records that between 1830-1859, the property had a printing press belonging to James Clark which in 1855 began to produce the Chepstow Weekly Advertiser, however by 1874, the property had become unfit for human habitation. Interestingly, No 9 Bank street, to the south west, though to be the most ancient house in the street (ibid), retains probably its original plan from which it is possible to interpret the changes to no 10.

7. Geology and topography The solid geology of the site is formed of Clifton Down Limestone; http://www.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex/. At the beginning of the evaluation, the site was an enclosed and landscaped back garden featuring a lawn terrace and patio on two levels with various garden features, see background of fig 03.

8. Aims and Objectives In accordance with the design brief, DB/EV/BKC/13 the aim of the evaluation was to: Elucidate the character, distribution, extent and importance of any potential archaeological remains, extant in the development area; allowing for the production of a sufficiently detailed report to be used to inform and mitigate any associated development. This was realized through the following objectives:


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This evaluation report provides sufficiently detailed information to allow informed decisions to safeguard the archaeological resource, to be taken on the basis of its contents. The evaluation established the presence and potential extent of significant archaeological deposits, features and structures, which may were identified in the fieldwork. The evaluation recovered enough information to enable assessment of the archaeological implications of the study area. This report includes a detailed summary of the methodology, site history, deposits/features/ structures/artefacts uncovered and interpretation of the results.

9. Scope of the Work The archaeology of the application site as a whole, in its wider local or regional context, was considered, although the evaluation trenching was be confined to those areas which will be directly affected by the development or some aspect of it. All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.

10. Methodology Excavation: Two trenches, 2m x 2m, were manually excavated within the designated parcel of land as shown in fig 03. Both trenches reached archaeological horizons, thereby, allowing for assessments of character, distribution, extent and importance, of at least the minimum number of archaeological features, to be understood. Recording: Single context excavation was used in both trenches with findings recorded on pro forma context sheets on site; later digitized and cross-referenced to finds and photographs and included in Appendix I. Section and plan drawings at a scale of 1:20 were undertaken in both trenches to record the most significant plan and sequence. These were digitised in Adobe illustrator and presented in figs. The excavation process was recorded with a digital camera set to 8 megapixles in both RAW and jpeg format. The photographs were initially processed in Adobe Photoshop and exported into Adobe Illustrator for Plate layout. A complete list of photographs was created, cross referenced to contexts, finds and report Plates, Appendix II. All finds were listed as per context assemblage and placed in sealed bags, clearly marked with sequence number and context. All finds were then washed, dried and catalogued, Appendix III. Some finds deemed significant were sent to the designated ceramics expert for verification, (Steve Clarke). The client has not commented on his intentions for the finds so at the time of writing they are to be returned to the client. Survey: A survey of the site boundary and completed evaluation trenching including all important features was undertaken using a Topcon GPT 3007 REDM, Reflectorless Electronic Distance Measurement, Total Station. The surveyed data was initially processed in Civilcad 6 and corrected Ordnance Survey data provided by the clients agent, (Liddell + associates 2128-1 & 2128-4) The results were exported into Autocad for scaling and clearing up before being processed in Adobe Illustrator for publication. Research:


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Research was undertaken at the following venues in order to complete a background history of the site

The Glamorgan Gwent Historic Environment Record (Swansea) Online Public Record Office, Cwmbran Current site data from the landowner Chepstow Library

11. Evaluation Trenches Results Presentation Notes: All contexts are denoted [#] in the text, listed in Appendix I and illustrated in fig 04; following the text section. Photographs used in the text are listed Pl #, listed in appendix II and can be found following the figure section. All finds denoted {#} in the text and are listed in Appendix III with images IIIa. Trench 1 The location of trench 1 was to the south of the proposed development, in an area of lawn [100], Pl 01. The chosen position directly evaluates the foot print of one of the proposed buildings but in an effort to minimise disturbance and best organise spoil distribution, its exact orientation was constrained by the surrounding garden features. The trench was set out and the turf removed and used to construct a retaining wall for the spoil. The turf removal impacted upon [100] & [101] both of which had depths of around 100mm with the latter producing modern assemblages {1}, {2} & {3}. The shallowness of the stratigraphy led to portions of [102] and [103] in the southern end, being partially exposed during turfing as can be seen after the trench was cleaned with a trowel Pl 02. The majority of the photograph shows [102] which produced two mostly 17th/19th century assemblages {4} & {10} and the remains of small mammal skeletons {8} & {9}, Pl 03. The ranging rod marks a rat hole and the position of skeleton assemblage {8}; the two isolated bricks, top left, measure 22.5mm x 11mm x 6mm. [103] a deposit of small coal produced no finds and was restricted to the southern half of the trench by a bund of compacted clay [108], Pl 04 & Pl 05. Pl 04 shows the west section at the south west corner; of note is the vertical edge/cut [105] between [103] and [108], to the right. Pl 05 shows the full remains of [108] with [102] removed to the left to reveal [107] and with [103] removed on the right, also revealing [107]. Within [103], towards the bottom of the west section, Pl 06, was an isolated lens of course grained ferrous material [104] which produced two assemblages {5}, {7} & {14}. In the former were two shards of glass and one sherd of ceramic suggestive of 19th 20th century deposition. In {7} and {14} were ferrous products possibly indicative of ironworking. Part of the assemblage {14}, an iron eyelet and a pan tile with fused iron slag, is shown in situ in Pl 07 at the interface between [104] & [106]. Beneath [103], in the south west corner of the trench was a possible wall, [106], built of small angular limestone rubble, which can be seen in the top left of Pl 08 and in plan view in PL 09. Embedded within the wall [106] were assemblages {6}, {12} & {16} all of which point to an 18th/19th century origin with the exception of one sherd of 17th c Devon ware (Clarke pers com). Later in the evaluation, a continuation of [106]; labelled on site as [118] was revealed to the north of, and running under [108], Pl 10 & Pl 11. Finds uncovered in [118] were similar in period to [106] including one sherd of 17th/18th century slipware. At this point, the excavation was effectively divided into two parts by the almost central clay bund [108] with the southern half foreshortened by the wall [106], Pl 08.


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A decision was made to excavate the southern half of the trench to examine any footings to [106]. The next context encountered was a soft sandy clay context running to a depth of around 154mm which produced the 17th-19th century assemblage {11}. Features [106] and [108] were seen to have been built on top of [107] although in the case of [108] the interface was difficult to establish. Later excavation to the north of [108] identified [117] with [107] confirming sequence [106/118] over [107/117] with similar period finds assemblage {19} Pl 11. Continuing the excavation in the south east corner only, the next context reached was that of [109], a 95mm band of grey black sandy clay containing a large percentage of lime granules and charcoal flecks; Pl 12 shows the entire sequence with [109] at the 6th layer from the top. The section is shown in fig04. Context [109] produced a diverse assemblage {13}, dateable ceramics of which were equally distributed between 17th/18th and 18th/19th century but including a single sherd of 12th century Bristol Ham Green, earthenware, (Clarke pers com). Later excavation to the north of [108] identified [119] with [109] again confirming a compatible sequence [106/118] over [107/117] over [109/119] with similar period finds assemblage {21} at which point the excavation in trench 1 ceased. Beneath [109] was a grey white compacted layer of angular limestone tumble [110] which extended to down some 275mm and was devoid of any finds. Beneath [110] at an approximate depth of 1m below surface was a 200mm layer of non compacted limestone in a brown sand which also produced no finds. Although the last two sequences produced no finds, the deposits [110] & [112] did not look natural and so further excavation was undertaken which reached context [113], Pl 12, level with the bottom red 200mm graduation of the ranging rod. This 193mm thick context was made up of grey/brown sandy clay with occasional orange clay lenses and some lime granules. [113] also produced a large assemblage of dateable ceramics representing a 13th-17th century period. The sequence beneath [113] was very difficult to distinguish due to the small working area but it was recorded as a thin band of compacted limestone in grey sandy fill [114] with small lenses of orange clay [115] over a cobbled floor [116], Pl 13 & Pl 14. [116] & [115] produced no finds but [114] had a slightly earlier potential period range from 12th 18th century. Trench 2. Presentation Notes: All contexts are denoted [#] in the text, listed in Appendix I and illustrated in fig 05; following the text section. Photographs used in the text are listed Pl #, listed in appendix II and can be found following the figure section. All finds denoted {#} in the text and are listed in Appendix III with images IIIa. The location of trench 2 was to the north of the proposed development, in an area garden surrounded by a shrubbery [200], Pl 15. The chosen position directly evaluates the foot print of the second of the proposed buildings but its exact orientation was constrained by the surrounding garden features. The trench was set out and the gardening debris removed to clear an area for excavation, Pl 16. The sequence consisted of a 100mm bed of black topsoil [200] over a 130mm deposit of dark brown, humic, sandy soil [201]. These two contexts were virtually indistinguishable by colour and had been greatly disturbed by roots from the surrounding shrubs and trees. The find assemblage produced from [200] was datable to 19th-20th centuries {21}, possibly even 21st; as was the majority of the finds assemblage from [201], {23}.


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The later did however produce one sherd of 13th century Bristol Radcliff and one sherd of 17th century North Devonware, (Clarke pers com). It is extremely likely; judging by the composition and position in the garden, that context [201] is an imported fill of garden soil which would explain the two anomalous sherds. In the centre of the southern part of the trench; removal of [201] revealed [202] a slightly chamfered, linear lens of compacted sandy lime with occasional flecks of charcoal. The finds assemblage from [202], {24} consisted of a single shard of 18th 19th century blue glass hexagonal poison bottle and 7 natural flint nodules. The lime lens that is [202] can be seen in Pl 17 at the top centre of the picture above the horizontal white tag resting on the cobbles, [203]. It is also visible in section, Pl 18, as two curved lines above the cobbles which extend towards the left wall to a continuation of the cobbles. The section is shown in fig 05. Judging by its configuration, position in relation to the underlying cobbles and high percentage of lime, it is possible that [202] was a constructed surface over the underlying cobbles, [203]. Pl 17 records the extent of the cobbled surface of random placed stone. It is noticeable that the [203] has no defined edges which suggest that it is a partial survival. Certainly the east side, (left of picture) has been cut [206] forming a gully as there is a continuation of the cobbles in the trench edge, (top left). Context [203] extends across the centre of the trench for about 1300mm until it reaches [208], a disorganized tumble of angular limestone which produced a mostly ceramic finds assemblage dateable across 17th-19th centuries, Pl 19 top left. The cut [206] was excavated revealing a fill of soft black sandy soil [204] with a mostly ceramic assemblage {28} dateable to the 17th century (Clarke pers com). A shallow spread of [204] was also found to the west (right) of [203] which added 4 fragments of clay pipe stem and an oyster shell to the assemblage {28}. The next context below [204] was [210], a loose deposit of small angular stone and, lime in brown sand which as Pl 18 illustrates was also found to the right of [203]. [210] produced no finds. Pl 20 shows a sectional view of [203] on the west side from which it can be seen that [210] is continuous as a deposit beneath [203] the upper cobbles. The lower cobbles are [209] which underlie [210] by around 14mm, Pl 21. The lower cobble surface [209] is of similar construction to [203] but is edged with upright long stones along its northern side, Pl 19 & Pl 21. Context [209] does not appear to be on the same alignment as [203] but it has to be considered that any possible edge to [203] is no longer present. Between [210] & the protruding stones of [209] was a possible thin occasional deposit of [212] but it was difficult to interpret with any certainty; however, [212] was evident within the cut of [206] to the east of [203] where it presented as a fill of soft black sandy clay producing mostly ceramic assemblage {29}; potentially dateable as 17th century (Clarke pers com). Excavating beyond [212] in an increasingly narrow, deep pit, the excavation was terminated at a stone surface which may be a continuation of [209], although there is a discrepancy in levels see fig 05 Pl 22. The cut [206] and its various fills have been discussed above but there is a variation at the its northern extent where a pit had been dug; cut [207], possibly in the early 20th century, and used to dispose of some domestic debris, mostly glass bottles, [205] {25} & {26} PL 23 & Pl 24. Context [205] was emptied of its contents to reveal a deposit of soft black sandy soil [213] which produced some 17th/18th century ceramics. Context [213] differed slightly from [212] by shade interpreted as the cut [207] but this may be an error due to the nature of the fill and glass which made excavation hazardous and the reduced size of the pit, Pl 24.


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At the very eastern edge of pit [207], a deposit of orange sand [214] was reached but it extended under the side of the trench and was buried between two large stones, so the pit excavation was terminated at around 900m. The northern edge of the trench has already been mentioned above in relation to the context [208] a tumble of angular stone forming a northern edge to [203], however, a difference was noticeable at the western end of [208], in that the loose stone tumble ended and gave way to a level area of lime granules over large limestone boulders, [211]. This can be seen quite clearly in Pl 19 which shows the area of [211] in the bottom left corner. The abrupt and edged end of [209] appeared to be built on top of or abutting [211] but without destroying the archaeology it was not possible to confirm the sequence. Context [211] produced no finds. At the end of the excavation a final set of scaled photographs were taken and plan and section drawings were made Pl 25. The context sections and features were then surveyed in with an REDM as was the position of the final trench layout. A plastic membrane was used to cover the features and the trench was backfilled by hand, Pl 26 PL 27

12. Discussion and Interpretation It is clear from the evaluation that the upper surfaces of Trench 1; to at least context [104], have been subject to recent disturbance which has redistributed earlier finds from the 18th and 19th centuries as well as three earlier erratics of 17th century slipware. The sequences from [104] and reaching to [111] are more dominated by an earlier mix of 17th to 18th century finds with some 19th century mixed in and one piece of 13th century Ham Green. The possible rubble wall [106/118] would appear to have been in use during this period. Beneath [111] however the finds are dominated by medieval ceramics, some reasonably dated to the 12th and 13th centuries whilst the majority have a longer manufacture period from the 14th to 17th centuries. The lowest feature found; cobbles [116] would, from the finds and sequence, appear to be a medieval surface. The evaluation of trench 2 revealed a different record of activity judging from the period spread of finds. Most of the upper sequence of 2 is dominated by garden loam, probably imported and containing a majority of 18th to 19th century domestic debitage as well as two ceramic erratics; one 13th century and one 17th. The upper cobble surface [203] produced no finds but was cut by [205] predominantly 19th century fill and cut [204] 17th century fill. The earlier cobble surface [209] again produced no finds but did appear to have the rubble wall [208] built against it which contained a range of 17th to 18th century finds.

13. Impact The evaluation shows that there are some surviving archaeological features in relatively shallow positions in the area of both trenches. The features in the area of trench 1 do not appear to be structural and may be of relatively recent origin. A deeper feature, the cobble surface off [116] is of potentially more archaeological significance but at 1290mm is beneath the limit of the proposed foundations.


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The proposed work in the area of trench 2 will have more of an impact on the archaeological resources in that the two cobble surfaces are within the depth of the proposed foundations. The evaluation could not establish the form and function nor extent of these two surfaces but it is possible that the upper surface is 17th century.

14. Copyright APAC. Ltd will retain full copyright of any reports and specialist reports, under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 with all rights reserved. The Project Team hereby give permission for the monitoring authority to use any documentation directly relating to the project as described in this Project Design following a period of 12 months after the evaluation is completed.

15. Archive Original archive will be retained by APAC Ltd. A secondary Archive will be deposited with Gwent Records Office. A copy of the final report & project design will be deposited with the HER. All finds were returned to the client

16. Staff Dr. Neil Phillips, AIFA. Post ex Mr A. O. Phillips. Specialist Services: Mr S Clarke, Monmouth Archaeology The copyright for this report shall remain with the A.P.A.C. Ltd.


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17. Bibliography Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Chepstow town Council (pl.app.no 2012/009469). Doyle, J.,2012 MON2050/JBHD Proposed Residential development and Associated works: Rear of 10 Bank St, Chepstow. PL.NO.: 2012/00946. Ekwall, E., 1977 The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names. (4th ed). Clarendon Press: Oxford. English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (1991). Institute of Field Archaeologists. Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief. 2001. Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology. 2002. Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of archaeological materials. 2001. A Guide to Theory and Practice of Methods of Sampling and Recovery to Post Excavation, 2002. Guidelines for the Treatment of Finds from Archaeological Sites Liddell + Associates Land at Rear of Bank St Chepstow Existing Plan 2128/1 Proposed Plan 2128/2 Proposed development 2128/3 Location Plan 2128/4 Morris, J., 1982. Domesday Book, Gloucestershire. Phillamore: Chichester. The Society of Museum Archaeologists Towards An Accessible Archive (1995) Turner, R & Johnson A., (eds). 2006. Chepstow Castle its History & Buildings, Logaston Press. United Kingdom Institute for Conservation. (Archaeology Section) Guidelines for the Preparation of Excavation Archives for Long-Term Storage (1990) Waters, I., 1974 The town of Chepstow. Chepstow. (Chepstow Library, Local Studies). Mapping: Millerd, J., 1686. CHEPSTOW IN MONMOUTH SHIER, ICHNOGRAPHICALLY DESCRIBED, 1686. PER IACOBUM MILLERD DE BRISTOL, (permission Newport Museum).


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Online sources: British Geological Survey http://www.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex/ Google Maps http://maps.google.co.uk/ Ordnance Survey http://www.Old-Maps.co.uk Promap http://www.promap.co.uk

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: [email protected] Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19

Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. M. Phil. BA (Hons).Cert Ed/FE. AIFA.

Fig 01: Location

10 Bank St, Chepstow

A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/CBK/13

adapted from Liddell + Associates

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N Fig 02: Historical mapping for site position

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A.P.A.C. Ltd36 Hatherleigh Rd,Abergavenny, Monmouthshire NP7 [email protected]

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A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/BKC/13Plate 03: Small mammal {8} in [102] above [108] Plate 04: Long view section at central W edge showing section above {6} [100] [101] [102] [103] [104]

Plate 01: Position of trench Plate 02: Initial clearance to [102] with [103] in the fore ground


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A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/BKC/13Plate 07: Central west edge of trench [104] and nd {14} Plate 08: Long view. [103] top left over [106] [107] [109]. Centre [108] bund with [107] right

Plate 05: S aspect of [108] exposure with detached piece of clay Plate 06: SW corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [107] [108]


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Plate 10: N half. [108] left. [109] right, [106] top right

Plate 11: Overall view of features {108] and [106] [118]

Plate 09: SW corner. [108] left. [106] foreground.



A.P.A.C. Ltd ??/???//09

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Plate 14: Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting

Plate 13: Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting

Plate 12: SE section detail: [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] (ash)

Name of site

A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/BKC/13Plate 17: Cobbles [203] with remnant of [202] at south edge, top. [200][202] right. [204] left. [205] bottom leftPlate 18: South section rectication sequence 2 Centre left. [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [210] [212] [209]

Plate 15: Position of Trench 2 Plate 16: Setting out Trench 2


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A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/BKC/13Plate 21: Cobbles [203] centre [209] right [211] bottom right[208] bottom centre [204] top right. [205] bottom rightPlate 22: Rectication sequence, detail with ash: 1 SE corner. Feature [204], [210][212] removed [209] at bottom

Plate 19: Cobbles [203] right [209] bottom right [211] bottom left [208] centre left [204] top right. [205] [213] top centre

Plate 20: Detail of section [203] [210] [212] [209]


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A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/BKC/13Plate 25: Recording Plate 26: Backlled

Plate 23: Cobbles [203] left with {205] centre and [208] top Plate 24: Rectication sequence, detail with ash: 3. E corner. Feature [204], [210][212] right. [205] removed [213] possible [204]


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A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix I Context Sheet Index Site: 10 Bank St Chepstow

Grid Ref: 353298 193883

Site No: EV/BKC/13

Alternate No: Trench 1

1

CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS 100 Surface Lawn 5117, 5119, 5120, 5121,

5122, 5123, 5129, 5130, 5131, 5139, 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5160, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5182,

101 Deposit Loose fill of black sandy soil 100mm {1},{2}, {3}

5119, 5120, 5121, 5122, 5123, 5124, 5129, 5130, 5131, 5139, 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5160, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5182,

102 Deposit More firm fill of black sandy soil with root 61mm to 132mm in the N

{4}, {8}, {9}, {10}

5114, 5115, 5116, 5119, 5120, 5121, 5122, 5123, 5129, 5130, 5131, 5139, 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5160, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5182,

103 S end Deposit Lens of small coal 156mm 5119, 5120, 5121, 5122, 5123, 5129, 5130, 5131, 5133, 5134, 5139, 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5160, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5182,

104 S/W edge Deposit Iron lens {5}, {7}, {14}

5118, 5119, 5120, 5123, 5131, 5139, 5157, 5159,

105 S end Cut Cut for 103 106 S/W

corner Feature Angular wall base? Small lime rubble {6}, {12},

(16} 5317, 5138, 5139, 5140, 5149, 5150, 5151, 5157, 5158, 5159,

107 S/W corner

Deposit Soft sandy clay under 103 & 106 154mm {11} 5129, 5130, 5131, 5132, 5133, 5134, 5140, 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5160, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5182,

108 Central E/W

Bank/bund Compacted red clay/sand bund 48mm 5124, 5125, 5126, 5127, 5128, 5130, 5131, 5132, 5133, 5134, 5317, 5138, 5140, 5146, 5147, 5148, 5149, 5150, 5151, 5157, 5159, 5160, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5182,

109 S end Deposit Grey/black sandy clay with lime flecks & charcoal 94mm

{13} 5132, 5133, 5134, 5138, 5140, 5144, 5145, 5146, 5147, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5181, 5182,

110 S end Deposit Grey/white compacted layer of jumbled angular lime stone 278mm

5144, 5145, 5148, 5150, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5160, 5169, 5170, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5182,

111 S/W corner

Deposit Similar to 109 but behind 106 {15} 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5181,

112 SE end Deposit Tumbled limestone in brown sand 193mm 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5181,

113 SE end Deposit Grey/brown sandy clay. Orange sandy clay lenses and some limestone 193mm

{17} 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5181,

CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS 114 SE end Deposit Compacted limestone in light grey sandy fill.

40mm {18} 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157,

5158, 5159, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5181,

115 SE end Deposit Thin disrupted spread of orange clay 20mm 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5181,

116 SE end Surface Cobbles beneath surface1290mm 5141, 5142, 5143, 5144, 5145, 5148, 5157, 5158, 5159, 5173, 5174, 5175, 5176, 5177, 5178, 5179, 5180, 5181, 5183, 5184,

117 N end Deposit Possible 107 60mm {19} 5138, 5139, 118 N end Deposit 107 {20} 5149, 5150, 5151, 5160,

5185, 119 N end Deposit Similar to 109 {21}

Site: 10 Bank St Chepstow

Grid Ref: 353298 193883

Site No: EV/BKC/13

Alternate No: Trench 2

CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS 200 Surface Lawn 10mm {22} 5155, 5156, 201 Deposit Dark brown/black sandy soil with coal and plaster

flecks 130mm {23} 5155, 5156, 5187, 5188,

5189, 5209, 5210, 5211, 5212

202 Deposit Sandy lime with charcoal flecks 70mm {24} 5161, 5162, 5163, 5164, 5165, 5166, 5167, 5187, 5188, 5209, 5210, 5211, 5212

203 S Central Surface Cobbles depth below surface700mm 5161, 5162, 5163, 5164, 5165, 5166, 5167, 5171, 5172, 5187, 5188, 5189, 5192, 5193, 5196, 5197, 5201, 5202, 5205, 5209, 5210, 5211, 5212

204 SE corner Fill Soft black sandy soil fill {28} 5161, 5162, 5163, 5164, 5165, 5166, 5167, 5172, 5192, 5193, 5197, 5201, 5206, 5207, 5208, 5209, 5210,

205 E central Fill Glass bottles, pottery, plaster {25}, {26}

5161, 5162, 5163, 5164, 5165, 5166, 5167, 5171, 5172, 5187, 5188, 5189, 5191, 5192, 5196, 5207, 5208,

206 SE corner Cut Cut for 204 207 E central Cut Cut for 205 208 N central

and east Structure Wall or tumble {27} 5165, 5166, 5167, 5171,

5172, 5187, 5189, 5190, 5194, 5198, 5199, 5200,

209 SW corner

Surface Cobble layer depth below surface 900mm 5165, 5166, 5167, 5172, 5187, 5188, 5189, 5199, 5200, 5202, 5204, 5205, 5206, 5207, 5208, 5209, 5210, 5211, 5212

210 SE corner Deposit Stone, lime, plaster tumbled 5192, 5193, 5197, 5201, 5205, 5206, 5207, 5208, 5209, 5210, 5211, 5212

211 NW corner

Deposit Compacted lime and rubble against 209 5165, 5166, 5167, 5172, 5187, 5188, 5189, 5193, 5198, 5199, 5201,

212 SE corner Deposit Soft black sandy clay {29} 5192, 5197, 5201, 5206, 5207, 5208, 5209, 5210, 5211, 5212

213 E central Deposit Soft black sandy clay {30} 5172, 5187, 5188, 5189, 5191, 5192, 5196, 5208,

214 E central Natural Red/brown sandy clay 5191, 5192, 5196,

A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix II Digital photograph list EV/BKC/13

Photo no Date Camera Size Area View Description Plate DSC04986 31/07/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 N Site visit for Design DSC05113 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 N Position of trench Pl 01 DSC05114 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 N Initial clearance to [102] with [103] in the fore ground Pl 02 DSC05115 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 S Initial clearance to [102] with [103] in the back ground DSC05116 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V [102] NW corner with two isolated bricks (22.2mmx11mmx6mm) DSC05117 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Relative position of two bricks just below [100] DSC05118 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V Central west edge of trench [104] and find {14} Pl 07 DSC05119 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Detail section at central W edge showing section above {6} [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] DSC05120 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Long view section at central W edge showing section above {6} [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] Pl 04 DSC05121 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E SE corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] DSC05122 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Detail SE corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] DSC05123 30/08/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W 2nd Long view section at central W edge showing section above {6} [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] DSC05124 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V Find {9} Pl 03 DSC05125 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Location image for {8}. 1st exposure of feature [108] to rear of photograph DSC05126 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E S aspect of [108] exposure with detached piece of clay Pl 05 DSC05127 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 N Long view across [108] DSC05128 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Long view across [108] DSC05129 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E SE corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] DSC05130 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E SE corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] (with flash) DSC05131 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W SW corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [107] [108] Pl 06 DSC05132 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 N Centre trench [108] over [109] with [107] at rear DSC05133 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Long view. [103] right over [107] [109]. Centre [108] bund with [107] left DSC05134 02/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Long view. [103] top left over [106] [107] [109]. Centre [108] bund with [107] right Pl 08 DSC05137 03/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V SW corner. [108] left. [106] foreground. Pl 09 DSC05138 03/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V SW corner. [108] top [106] foreground with [117] left. [109] right DSC05139 03/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W SW corner section with 0.5m scale [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [106] [117] DSC05140 03/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W SW corner section with 0.5m scale Foreground [106] over [107] over [109]. [108] extreme right DSC05141 03/09/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 TR1 E Depth to cobbles [116] south half of trench DSC05142 03/09/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 TR1 E Detail: depth to cobbles [116] south half of trench DSC05143 03/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V Cobbles [116] DSC05144 03/09/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 TR1 E SE section detail: [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] DSC05145 03/09/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 TR1 E SE section detail: [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] (flash) Pl 12 DSC05146 04/09/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 TR1 W N half. [108] left. [109] right, [106] top right Pl 10 DSC05147 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 S N half. [108] top. [109] bottom DSC05148 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Full E section [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] DSC05149 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 S Overall view. Extension of [106] under [108] to [118] bottom right DSC05150 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V Detail view. Extension of [106] under [108] to [118] bottom right. [110] foreground DSC05151 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Overall view of features {108] and [106] [118] Pl 11 DSC05152 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 N Position of Trench 2 Pl 15 DSC05153 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 NE Setting out Trench 2 Pl 16 DSC05154 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 N Initial excavation DSC05155 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 N 400mm clearing through [200] and [201] DSC05156 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 W 400mm clearing through [200] and [201] DSC05157 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] DSC05158 04/09/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 TR1 E SE section detail: [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] DSC05159 04/09/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 TR1 W SW corner section [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [107] [108] [110] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116]


Photo no Date Camera Size Area View Description Plate DSC05160 04/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W [110] foreground, [108] left, [118] centre. [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] at NW section behind DSC05161 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V W Cobbles [203] with remnant of [202] at south edge. [200][202] top. [204] bottom left. [205] bottom centre DSC05162 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 S Cobbles [203] with remnant of [202] at south edge, top. [200][202] right. [204] left. [205] bottom left Pl 17 DSC05163 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 E Cobbles [203] with remnant of [202] at south edge, right. [200][202] bottom. [204] top right. [205] top centre DSC05164 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V W Cobbles [203] with remnant of [202] at south edge. [200][202] top. [204] bottom left. [205] bottom centre DSC05165 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 N Cobbles [203] centre. Cobbles [209] left. [211] top right. [208] top centre. [205] top right [204] right DSC05166 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 W Cobbles [203] left, [202] left edge, [209] top left. [211] right. [205] bottom centre DSC05167 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 S Cobbles [203] centre [209] right [211] bottom right[208] bottom centre [204] top right. [205] bottom right Pl 21 DSC05168 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 E Cobbles [203] right [209] bottom right [211] bottom left [208] centre left [204] top right. [205] top centre DSC05169 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W [110] foreground, [108] left, [118] centre. [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] at NW section behind (flash) DSC05170 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W [110] foreground, [108] left, [118] centre. [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [109] at NW section behind DSC05171 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Cobbles [203] left with {205] centre and [208] top Pl 23 DSC05172 05/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 N Cobbles [203] centre. Cobbles [209] left. [211] top right. [208] top centre. [204] right [205] top right emptied [213] DSC05173 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting DSC05174 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 N Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] DSC05175 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 S Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting DSC05176 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting DSC05177 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting. duplicate DSC05178 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 W Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting duplicate DSC05179 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V N Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting Pl 14 DSC05180 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V E Overview [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] good lighting Pl 13 DSC05181 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Detail section SE corner with 0.50mm scale [109] [110] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] DSC05182 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Detail section SE corner with 0.50mm scale [100] [101] [102] [103] [107] [108] [109] [110] DSC05183 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V SE corner trench bottom. [116] cobbles sequence 1 W DSC05184 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V SE corner trench bottom. [116] cobbles sequence 2E DSC05185 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 V NW corner trench bottom. [118] cobbles sequence 2E DSC05186 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 NE Recording Pl 25 DSC05187 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 N Cobbles [203] centre. Cobbles [209] left. [211] top right. [208] top centre. [204] right emptied [210][212]. [205] top right emptied [213] DSC05188 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 W Cobbles [203] left, [202] left, [209] top left. [211] right. [205] [213] bottom centre DSC05189 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 E Cobbles [203] right [209] bottom right [211] bottom left [208] centre left [204] top right. [205] [213] top centre Pl 19 DSC05190 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 1st line, north/south.1 NE [208] DSC05191 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 1st line, north/south.2 Centre E [205] [213] [214] DSC05192 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 1st line, north/south.3 Centre E [203] - [205] [213] [214]- [204][210][212] DSC05193 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 1st line, north/south.4 SE [203] - [204][210][212] DSC05194 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 2nd line, north/south.5 NE [208] DSC05195 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 2nd line, north/south.6 Centre [205] [213] [214] DSC05196 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 2nd line, north/south.7 Centre [203] - [205] [213] [214] DSC05197 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 2nd line, north/south.8 S [203] - [204][210][212] DSC05198 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 3rd line, north/south.9 NE [208] [211] DSC05199 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 3rd line, north/south.10 [208] [211 [209] DSC05200 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 3rd line, north/south.11 [208] [209] DSC05201 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 3rd line, north/south.12 S [203] - [204][210][212] DSC05202 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 4th line, north/south.13 S [211] DSC05203 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 4th line, north/south.14 S [203] [209] DSC05204 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence: 4th line, north/south.15 S [209] DSC05205 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 E Detail of section [203] [210] [212] [209] Pl 20


Photo no Date Camera Size Area View Description Plate DSC05206 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence, detail with flash: 1 SE corner. Feature [204], [210][212] removed [209] at bottom Pl 22 DSC05207 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence, detail with flash: 2. E corner. Feature [204], [210][212] removed to [209] at bottom [205] left DSC05208 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 V Rectification sequence, detail with flash: 3. E corner. Feature [204], [210][212] right. [205] removed [213] possible [204] Pl 24 DSC05209 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 S South section rectification sequence 1 SE corner. [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [210] [212] [209] DSC05210 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 S South section rectification sequence 2 Centre left. [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [210] [212] [209] Pl 18 DSC05211 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 S South section rectification sequence 3 Centre right. [200] [201] [202] [203] [210] [212] [209] DSC05212 06/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 S South section rectification sequence 4 SW corner. [200] [201] [202] [203] [210] [212] [209] DSC05215 10/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 E Finished trench DSC05216 10/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 N Finished trench DSC05217 10/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR1 N Backfilled Pl 26 DSC05218 10/09/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 TR2 NE Backfilled Pl27

A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix III EV/CBK/13 Finds Index Bank street Chepstow Find no

Area Context Description Period Date

1 TR1 101 1 piece white plastic plug cover 2 plate rim sherds greyish blue pattern on white 6 sherds blue and white china 11 sherds earthenware 1 blue and white china handle 1 sherd stoneware with light blue glaze 2 sherds light blue and white china. One with partial embossed leaf pattern 1 sherd cream ware 1 sherd brown glazed earthenware 1 sherd grey glazed stoneware pot 1 partial stoneware handle 2 small sherds off white china with embossed design 3 sherds white porcelain 1 shards thick green glass 3 sherds white stoneware 2 shards clear blue 2mm thick glass 1 shard clear blue 3mm thick glass 1 sherd greenish white stoneware pot rim 1 yellow with pink effect sherd stoneware 1 thin sherd green stoneware 2 sherds embossed white plate 1 sherd white and blue plate with crest seal, check 3 bones 4 natural flint nodules 2 fragments of clay pipes 1 clay pipe with partial funnel and stand 1 metal hinge (Ring binder) 2 pieces plaster

20th-21st 19th-20th

28/09/13

2 TR1 101 11 sherds earthenware pot 1 pot stopper from above pot

19th-20th

3 TR1 101 1 metal disk. Possible coin. 4 TR1 102 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware

8 sherd mustard and grey/green stoneware 2 sherds earthenware 1 sherd transfer blue and white plate 4 sherd blue and white china 1 sherd china, light blue glaze one side, cream glaze the other 1 shard green glass 2 shards bluish clear glass 2mm thick 1 sherd white stoneware 1 sherds brown lusterware 1 cream stoneware partial pot bottom 1 sherd earthenware pot rim 4 bone fragments 4 clay pipe fragments 1 metal cog thread 1 metal cross 1 white marble 1 large iron wire nail 9cm 3 small iron nails 1 natural flint nodules 1 piece bent round metal filter plate

17th-18th 19th-20th

29/08/13

5 Tr1 104 2 shards light green bottle top 1 piece coal 1 sherd green and white stoneware 1 piece metal 1 shard light green glass, 2mm

19th-20th 29/08/13

6 TR1 106 1 sherd green/yellow Devonshire earthenware (Clarke) 2 sherds brown glazed earthenware (Clarke) 2 sherds earthenware

17th 18th-19th

29/08/13

7 TR1 104 3 pieces white plaster 1 piece stone or cement 1 piece slate 1 iron nail 1 piece iron slag

02/09/13

8 TR1 102 38 rat bones 1 clay pipe fragment

02/09/13

9 TR1 102 106 bones small mammal skeleton 02/09/13 10 TR1 102 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware

1 double sided Staffordshire slipware 2 sherds North Devon ware (Clarke)

17th-18th

02/09/13

A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix III EV/CBK/13 Finds Index Bank street Chepstow

1 sherd earthenware 1 sherd white pot with black lines design 1 white and blue cup bottom 1 sherd lead glazed lead glazed pot/ foreign (Clarke) 2 sherds white plate rim 1 sherds earthenware pot rim 12 piece assortment of thin and thick clay pipe fragments 1 shards clear white glass 2mm 1 shard clear white glass 3mm 3 shells. Two oyster 1 common cockle 1 piece iron 1 natural flint nodule

18th-19th 20th

11 TR1 107 2 sherds Staffordshire stoneware (Clarke) 4 sherds lead glazed pots, Nottingham (Clarke) 1 sherd double sided glazed earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd earthenware 2 sherds north Devon ware (Clarke) 1 white china flower holder fragment 1 small white glazed china rim with small raised dot design 11 clay pipe fragments 5 shards green glass 2 mm thick 1 shard of glass 1mm thick, clear slight aqua green tint drinking vessel 1 shards amber glass 3mm thick 1 natural flint nodule 1 small mammal bone fragment 1 bird skull fragment 1 tooth enamel fragment

17th-18th 18th-19th

02/09/13

12 TR1 106 1 sherd Nottingham ware 1 sherd glazed stoneware 1 sherd glazed earthenware pancheon, black on one side 4 shards green glass bottles 1 clay pipe bowl 2 natural flint nodules

18th-19th 02/09/13

13 TR1 109 1 sherd Bristol ham green earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 4 sherds yellow/green glazed Devon ware 2 sherds blue and white china 4 sherds brown internal/external glazed pot 2 sherds brown internal salt glaze 1 sherd brown lusterware 3 sherds light blue pot 6 sherds earthenware tin glaze 1 sherd off white china 5 shards green glass 12 fragments of assorted thick and thin clay pipe stems 1 shard brown glass 2 thick shards brown glass 2 clay pipe bowls 1 boar tusk 1 tooth (opus) 1 bone fragment 1 piece coal 1 piece iron slag ring 1 sheep tooth 1 oyster shell

12th-13th 17th 17th-18th 18th-19th

02/09/13

14 TR1 104 3 pieces coal varying in size 1 iron droplet 1 sherd glazed white tile 1 sherd iron attached to pan tile 2 pieces iron key/eyebolt (broken) 1 piece iron slag

03/09/13

15 TR1 111 1 sherd brown/yellow Devon ware (Clarke) 1 sherd lead glazed stoneware 2 shards green glass, varying thickness 1 clay pipe bowl

17th 18th 18th 19th

03/09/13

16 TR1 106 5 sherds internal glazed earthenware 1 sherd unglazed earthenware 1 sherd green glazed stoneware

18th-19th 03/09/13

17 TR1 113 (3 bags, 1 ceramics 2 bone)

4 sherds earthenware with green glaze, local slipware (Clarke) 1 large block, black/brown glazed medieval earthenware (Clarke) 4 sherds of oxidised Malvern earthenware (Clarke) 4 sherds glazed earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd black smooth glazed earthenware Droitwhich (Clarke) 2 sherds lusterware

13th-14th 14th-17th

03/09/13


5 sherds earthenware 1 sherd white glazed stoneware 1 sherd black lead pot glaze 1 green shard 1mm thick glass 15 bone fragments (Bovine) 4 clay pipe stems 1 tusk Boar (Sus) 2 teeth (Opus) 4 oyster shells 1 piece plaster

18 TR1 114 (2 bags, 1 bone, 1 ceramics)

1 sherd medieval Malvern earthenware pot (Clarke) 1 sherds brown glazed earthen ware with yellow glazed design (Clarke) 1 sherds glazed, medieval, earthenware pot handle, with chevron cuts design (Clarke) 1 sherd green brown glazed Devon ware (Clarke) 1 sherd black glazed earthenware? (Clarke) 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware (Clarke) 4 sherds pan tile (Clarke) 1 sherd green - brown glazed earthenware? (Clarke) 8 sherds post med pot (Clarke) 1 clay pipe stem 4 bones, one a tooth (bovine) 3 oyster shells

12th-14th Med 17th 17th-18th

03/09/13

19 TR1 117 3 sherds Staffordshire slipware (Clarke) 2 sherds Nottingham ware (Clarke) 2 sherds brown lead glazed earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd dark brown green Malvern earthenware (Clarke) 1 white painted salt glazed sherds earthenware 1 sherds white glazed stoneware with embossed design 1 sherds off white tin glaze plate 8 clay pipe stem fragments 3 shards dark green glass 3mm 2 sherds white china 1 piece slate 1 oyster shell 2 sheep teeth

17th-18th 18th-19th 19th-20th

04/09/13

20 TR1 118 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 1 sherd tin glazed stoneware pot 1 sherd dark green glazed earthenware sherd 1 sherd glazed earthenware

17th-18th 18th-19th

04/09/13

21 TR1 119 1 sherd green glazed earthenware pot rim, Somerset (Clarke) 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware (Clarke) 3 sherds lightly coloured oxidised earthenware, from north Devon (Clarke) 1 sherd mustard yellow glazed earthenware rim, Donyatt (Clarke) 1 sherd Malvern B5 (Clarke) 2 sherds earthenware unglazed (Clarke) 1 sherd tin glaze applied handle (Clarke) 3 shards amber glass

17th 17th 18th Pos/med

04/09/13

22 TR2 200 1 sherd hand painted blue & white 1 sherd white glazed stoneware pot base 2 sherds glazed earthenware pancheon 5 sherds three men on a bridge willow pattern china plate 3 sherds off white china plate 1 blue glass bottle bottom,.3mm 1 shard clear white glass, 3mm thick 1 clay pipe partial funnel and stand 1 piece plaster covered iron hinge 8 sherds earthenware flower pot 1 cockle shell

!8th-19th 20th

04/09/13

23 TR2 201 (3 bags)

1 sherd external glaze Bristol Radcliff C2 (Clarke) 1 sherd North Devon ware (Clarke) 8 fragments of pan tile 1 buff coloured sherd of large stoneware container 1 buff coloured sherd of stoneware ink pot 2 grey stoneware sherds of marmalade/jam pot 1 sherd internal salt glazed bowl 2 sherds earthenware pancheon 3 sherds unglazed earthenware 11 shards blue glass, 6 bottle tops with neck, 1 bottom 1 clear glass bottle bottom,1mm thick 3 shards green glass, same bottle, with not to be taken written on the side 1mm thick 4 shards clear glass, 1mm thick 1 aqua glass bottle top 1 shard amber glass 1 shard clear glass bottle base

13th 17th 19th 20th

05/09/13


24 Tr2 202 1 shard blue glass, 2mm thick 7 natural flint nodules

19th-20th 05/09/13

25 TR2 205 1 lead glazed earthenware pancheon base 1 sherd stoneware 2 clay pipe stems 1 sherd plate rim. White with embossed design 2 aqua glass bottle bottoms 1 aqua glass shard 3mm

18th 19th 05/09/13

26 TR2 205 (2bags)

6 shards clear glass, 2 are one piece of a bottle top,1 whole bottle top, 1 is the bottom of a small square bottle all 1mm 9 shards blue glass bottle. One bottom, 2 tops, 2mm 3 blue glass bottles missing tops 3mm thick 3 clear aqua glass bottle tops a necks 1 shard aqua glass 3mm thick 1 shard aqua glass 1mm thick 2 shards aqua glass 2mm thick one top with neck, one bottom piece 1 shard dark blue glass varying thickness 2 clay pipe stems 1 piece glazed brown stoneware 1 piece plaster 1 iron nail

19th-20th 06/09/13

27 TR2 208 1 sherd Tigg (Clarke) 1 sherd green glazed earthenware 2 sherds earthenware 3 sherds yellow stoneware 1 green glass bottle base 1 cobalt blue octagonal poison bottle base 1mm glass, 2 cm 7 clay pipe stems, varying sizes

17th 18th-19th 17th-18th 19th

06/09/13

28 TR2 204 1 sherd tigg (Clarke) 1 sherd Devon ware with green/yellow glaze (Clarke) 1 sherd earthenware 4 clay pipe stems, varying thickness 1 oyster shell

17th

29 TR2 212 1 sherd earthenware with brown glaze and yellow, Newent slipware (Clarke) 4 sherds earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd glazed earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd green glazed stoneware, from Wiltshire (Clarke) 1 oyster shell 1 boar tusk

17th ? ? ?

06/09/13

30 TR2 213 2 sherds green glazed Somerset earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherds dark brown external/internal glaze earthenware 1 horses tooth 2 pieces iron

17th 18th-19th

06/09/13

1 piece white plastic plug cover 2 plate rim sherds greyish blue pattern on white 6 sherds blue and white china 11 sherds earthenware 1 blue and white china handle 1 sherd stoneware with light blue glaze 2 sherds light blue and white china. One with partial embossed leaf pattern 1 sherd cream ware 1 sherd brown glazed earthenware 1 sherd grey glazed stoneware pot 1 partial stoneware handle 2 small sherds off white china with embossed design 3 sherds white porcelain 1 shards thick green glass 3 sherds white stoneware 2 shards clear blue 2mm thick glass 1 shard clear blue 3mm thick glass 1 sherd greenish white stoneware pot rim 1 yellow with pink effect sherd stoneware 1 thin sherd green stoneware 2 sherds embossed white plate 1 sherd white and blue plate with crest seal, check 3 bones 4 natural flint nodules 2 fragments of clay pipes 1 clay pipe with partial funnel and stand 1 metal hinge (Ring binder) 2 pieces plaster

20th-21st 19th-20th

1

101


DSC05390

10 Bank St, Chepstow Appendix III FINDS

11 sherds earthenware pot 1 pot stopper from above pot

19th-20th

2

101


DSC

05407


1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 8 sherd mustard and grey/green stoneware 2 sherds earthenware 1 sherd transfer blue and white plate 4 sherd blue and white china 1 sherd china, light blue glaze one side, cream glaze the other 1 shard green glass 2 shards bluish clear glass 2mm thick 1 sherd white stoneware 1 sherds brown lusterware 1 cream stoneware partial pot bottom 1 sherd earthenware pot rim 4 bone fragments 4 clay pipe fragments 1 metal cog thread 1 metal cross 1 white marble 1 large iron wire nail 9cm 3 small iron nails 1 natural flint nodules 1 piece bent round metal filter plate

17th-18th 19th-20th

4

102


DSC

05396


2 shards light green bottle top 1 piece coal 1 sherd green and white stoneware 1 piece metal 1 shard light green glass, 2mm

19th-20th

5

104


DSC05403


1 sherd green/yellow Devonshire earthenware (Clarke) 2 sherds brown glazed earthenware (Clarke) 2 sherds earthenware

17th 18th-19th

6

106


DSC

05380


3 pieces white plaster 1 piece stone or cement 1 piece slate 1 iron nail 1 piece iron slag

?

7

104


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38 rat bones 1 clay pipe fragment

8

102


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05373


106 bones small mammal skeleton

9

102


DSC

05373


1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 1 double sided Staffordshire slipware 2 sherds North Devonware (Clarke) 1 sherd earthenware 1 sherd white pot with black lines design 1 white and blue cup bottom 1 sherd lead glazed lead glazed pot/ foreign (Clarke) 2 sherds white plate rim 1 sherds earthenware pot rim 12 piece assortment of thin and thick clay pipe fragments 1 shards clear white glass 2mm 1 shard clear white glass 3mm 3 shells. Two oyster 1 common cockle 1 piece iron 1 natural flint nodule

17th-18th 18th-19th 20th

02/09/13

10

102


DSC

05381


2 sherds Staffordshire stoneware (Clarke) 4 sherds lead glazed pots, Nottingham (Clarke) 1 sherd double sided glazed earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd earthenware 2 sherds north Devon ware (Clarke) 1 white china flower holder fragment 1 small white glazed china rim with small raised dot design 11 clay pipe fragments 5 shards green glass 2 mm thick 1 shard of glass 1mm thick, clear slight aqua green tint drinking vessel 1 shards amber glass 3mm thick 1 natural flint nodule 1 small mammal bone fragment 1 bird skull fragment 1 tooth enamel fragment

17th-18th 18th-19th

11

107


DSC

05392


12

106


DSC

05384


1 sherd Nottingham ware 1 sherd glazed stoneware 1 sherd glazed earthenware pancheon, black on one side 4 shards green glass bottles 1 clay pipe bowl 2 natural flint nodules

18th-19th

13

109


DSC

05385


1 sherd Bristol ham green earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 4 sherds yellow/green glazed Devon ware 2 sherds blue and white china 4 sherds brown internal/external glazed pot 2 sherds brown internal salt glaze 1 sherd brown lusterware 3 sherds light blue pot 6 sherds earthenware tin glaze 1 sherd off white china 5 shards green glass 12 fragments of assorted thick and thin clay pipe stems 1 shard brown glass 2 thick shards brown glass 2 clay pipe bowls 1 boar tusk 1 tooth (opus) 1 bone fragment 1 piece coal 1 piece iron slag ring 1 sheep tooth 1 oyster shell

12th-13th 17th 17th-18th 18th-19th

Ham Green

14

104


DSC

05405


Iron or glassdroplet

3 pieces coal varying in size 1 iron droplet 1 sherd glazed white tile 1 sherd iron attached to pan tile 2 pieces iron key/eyebolt (broken) 1 piece iron slag

1 sherd brown/yellow Devon ware (Clarke) 1 sherd lead glazed stoneware 2 shards green glass, varying thickness 1 clay pipe bowl

17th 18th 18th 19th

15

111


DSC05399


5 sherds internal glazed earthenware 1 sherd unglazed earthenware 1 sherd green glazed stoneware

18th-19th

16

106


DSC

05399


4 sherds earthenware with green glaze, local slipware (Clarke) 1 large block, black/brown glazed medieval earthenware (Clarke) 4 sherds of oxidised Malvern earthenware (Clarke) 4 sherds glazed earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd black smooth glazed earthenware Droitwhich (Clarke) 2 sherds lusterware 5 sherds earthenware 1 sherd white glazed stoneware 1 sherd black lead pot glaze 1 green shard 1mm thick glass 15 bone fragments (Bovine) 4 clay pipe stems 1 tusk Boar (Sus) 2 teeth (Opus) 4 oyster shells

17

113

1


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17

113

2


DSC

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17

113

3


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18

114

1


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18

114

2


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3 sherds Staffordshire slipware (Clarke) 2 sherds Nottingham ware (Clarke) 2 sherds brown lead glazed earthenware (Clarke) 1 sherd dark brown green Malvern earthenware (Clarke) 1 white painted salt glazed sherds earthenware 1 sherds white glazed stoneware with embossed design 1 sherds off white tin glaze plate 8 clay pipe stem fragments 3 shards dark green glass 3mm 2 sherds white china 1 piece slate 1 oyster shell 2 sheep teeth

17th-18th 18th-19th 19th-20th

19

117


DSC

05394


1 sherd Staffordshire slipware 1 sherd tin glazed stoneware pot 1 sherd dark green glazed earthenware sherd 1 sherd glazed earthenware

17th-18th 18th-19th

20

118


DSC

05391


1 sherd green glazed earthenware pot rim, Somerset (Clarke) 1 sherd Staffordshire slipware (Clarke) 3 sherds lightly coloured oxidised earthenware, from north Devon (Clarke) 1 sherd mustard yellow glazed earthenware rim, Donyatt (Clarke) 1 sherd Malvern B5 (Clarke) 2 sherds earthenware unglazed (Clarke) 1 sherd tin glaze applied handle (Clarke) 3 shards amber glass

17th 17th 18th Pos/med

21

119


DSC

05392


1 sherd hand painted blue & white 1 sherd white glazed stoneware pot base 2 sherds glazed earthenware pancheon 5 sherds three men on a bridge willow pattern china plate 3 sherds off white china plate 1 blue glass bottle bottom,.3mm 1 shard clear white glass, 3mm thick 1 clay pipe partial funnel and stand 1 piece plaster covered iron hinge 8 sherds earthenware flower pot 1 cockle shell

!8th-19th 20th

22

200


DSC05401



13th 17th 19th 20th

23

201

1


DSC

05388

DSC

05386


Bristol Radcliff C2

North Devon ware


13th 17th 19th 20th

23

201

2


DSC

05397


1 shard blue glass, 2mm thick 7 natural flint nodules

19th-20th

24

202


DSC

05387


1 lead glazed earthenware pancheon base 1 sherd stoneware 2 clay pipe stems 1 sherd plate rim. White with embossed design 2 aqua glass bottle bottoms 1 aqua glass shard 3mm

18th 19th

25

205


DSC05393


6 shards clear glass, 2 are one piece of a bottle top,1 whole bottle top, 1 is the bottom of a small square bottle all 1mm 9 shards blue glass bottle. One bottom,

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Bank St, Chepstow