Bangladesh Progress of Flood Reconstruction Programmes Presented
by Ahmadul Hassan Division Head, R & D and Training/ Water
Resources Planner E-mail: [email protected] Center for
Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) Dhaka,
Bangladesh Slide 2 Geographical Context Climate: Pre-monsoon :
March May Monsoon: June September Pos-monsoon: October - November
Dry season: December February Average Annual Rainfall: 2200-2500 mm
Average temperature : 25 35 o c (falls below 10 o c in winter)
Topography: Largest delta in the world 80% area is the floodplains
of three major rivers (Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna) Hilly area
is 12 % and terrace area is 8% Land elevation varies from 3 to 90 m
MSL More than 50% of the flood plain within 5 m MSL Slide 3 Floods
in Bangladesh Types : 1.Flash flood: 2.Rainfed flood 3.River flood
4.Flood due to storm surges Flood Classification and Probability of
Occurrence Slide 4 Floods in Bangladesh Loss198819982004 No. of
Livestock killed172,00026,5648,318 Crops damage (m.ha)2.121.741.30
Deaths2,3001,100747 Rice prod. Loss (m MT)1.652.061.00 No. of
People affected45 million31 million36 million Roads damaged
(km)13,00015,92727,970 Percent of land inundated 606838 No. of
homes damaged/ destroyed 7.2 million980,0004 million Total
LossessTk. 82.6 billion (USD 1.4 billion) Tk 118 billion (USD 2
billion) Tk. 134 billion (USD 2.3 billion) More frequent extreme
flood Higher economic loss More macro and micro infrastructure
damage Slide 5 Flood Measures Structural Measures: - Three types:
Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation - From 1960, about 684
numbers of large, medium and small flood control projects. -
Protects 5.9 million ha out of 8 million ha flood vulnerable area -
Total investment about US$ 4 billion Goal: Poverty reduction
Objectives: Food security- more cereal productions, culture
fisheries and reduce damages Safety protect micro and macro
investments Non- Structural Measures: - Flood zoning difficult to
implement - Flood Insurance Currently initiated by NGOs and GOs -
Early warning FFWC forecast with 3 days lead time and planning to
increase upto 10 days lead time for more preparedness at all levels
Implementing Agency Medium to large : BWDB, Ministry of Water
Resources Small: LGED, Ministry of Local Government Implementing
Agency Early Warning : FFWC/ BWDB Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Flood
2004 Figure: FFWC Model generated flood inundation map Causes -
Flash flood (April): 70% excess rainfall in Northeastern region and
33% excess rainfall in Southeastern region. Sylhet, Sunamganj and
Chittagang areas are affected - Flood due to storm surge (May
17-19): Chittagang coastal area is affected - River flood (July):
Brahmaputra and Meghna basins received 30 %and 42% excess rainfall.
River stage of Meghna at Chandpur remained 1.1 m high from danger
level for 45 days. 38% area (39 districts) was very severely
flooded. - Rainfed flooding (September 12 17): Unexpected
torrential rain flooded 12 districts Slide 9 Flood Damage in 2004
Damages of Flood Control Structures -BWDBs Initial Assessment: 6.08
billion Taka -BWDBs assessment by Consultants: 7.8 billion Taka
(US$ InfrastructureTotal QuantityTotal ( Taka in billion)
Embankment Full (km) Part (km) 147 2390 2.397 Irrigation canal/
Drainage canal Full (km) Part (km) WCS (Nos) Full (km) Part (km)
219 336 35 400 0.248 0.615 Project Work Full (km) Part (km) 10 km,
2-spur & 1-T groyne 35 km, 15-spur & 2-groyne 4.416 Others
(Nos) ItemDifferent Items0.128 Grand Total 7.803 Slide 10 Flood
Reconstruction Programmes Flood Damage Category I Flood protection
embankments/ road II Irrigation canals / Drainage channels III
Structures ( Water regulators, sluice, irrigation inlets, etc. IV
River training / town protection works V Others (Guard shed, pump
house, etc.) Flood Damage Priority PriorityCriteria Emergency Work
During 2004-05 Immediately needed to execute to stop further
damages to infrastructure, countrys general economy and damages to
public infrastructures. Do not require any modification of existing
design or do not need any land acquisition Short Term Work During
2005-06 Works of an emergency nature and economic priority. Work
need to be carried over from 2004 05 year Will require further
investigation and design Will need land acquisition Damage
intensity comparatively less than that of emergency term Mid Term
Work During 2006-07 Works need to be carried over from 2005 06 Will
need land acquisition Damage intensity comparatively less Slide 11
Emergency Reconstruction Programmes for Flood 2004
InfrastructuresFullPart Embankments (km)1581517 Irrigation canal/
Drainage channels (km) 134100 Water control structure (nos) 29522
Protective works (km)9.522 Total No. of Projects: 201 ABD funded:
185 GOB funded: 16 ADB financed project: Emergency Flood Damage
Rehabilitation Project (component D) ABD and GOB provides 42. 8 m
USD Project Duration: 3 years Short Term and Mid Term programmes
are waiting for fund Slide 12 Non-structural Measures Early Warning
Implementing Agency: FFWC Coverage: 60% of river floodplain (52
locations) Lead Time: 72 houres Produce: Flood buletine and warning
message Dissemination media: website, fax, mobile Plan: - Increase
lead time upto 10 days - Extent coverage area upto village -
Package EW more usefull and response oriented ADB considering this
project called Strengthening EWS in Bangladesh Slide 13 Proposed EW
Programmes Slide 14 Damage profile for Household Yearly benefit =
Tk. 2,643 Million Damage profile for Agriculture Yearly benefit =
Tk. 1,708 Million Benefit from Proposed EWS Programme Damage
profile for Infrastructure Yearly benefit = Tk. 662 Million Slide
15 Conclusion Protective structure not well maintained due to lack
of O & M fund. 2.5 % normally allocated but reality 1- 1.5 %
really used for maintenance. Flood control embankments, if not
maintained beyond 5-10 years, become vulnerable to extreme floods
Beneficiaries are not made responsible for maintaining and managing
the structures. No well accepted Damage Assessment Procedure in
place EW messages are not fully utilized by infrastructure managers
In addition to maintaining existing flood control measures, EWS can
be utilize to reduce damage as well as O & M cost Slide 16
Increase O & M fund. Protective structure should be regularly
maintained and regular inspection should carried out to ensure
regular maintenance Small flood management project should be
managed by the stakeholders. Medium and Large flood management
projects should be managed by both BWDB and stakeholders.
End-to-End EWS with sufficient lead time should be taken up by the
government. Recommendations Slide 17 THANK YOU
