Bandwidth partitioning (jointly with R. Pan, C. Psounis, C. Nair, B. Yang, L. Breslau and S. Shenker)

Bandwidth partitioning

(jointly with R. Pan, C. Psounis, C. Nair, B. Yang, L. Breslau and S. Shenker)

*The Setup

A congested network with many users

Problems:allocate bandwidth fairlycontrol queue size and hence delay

*Approach 1: Network-centricNetwork node: fair queueing User traffic: any typePros: perfect (short-time scale) fairnessCons: depending on number of users/flows need to add and remove queues dynamicallyincremental addition of queues not possiblein data centers, may want to support VM migrations, etc

*Approach 2: User-centricNetwork node: FIFOUser traffic: responsive to congestion (e.g. TCP)problem: requires user cooperation, there are many TCP implementations!

For example, if the red source blasts away, it will get all of the links bandwidthQuestion: Can we prevent a single source (or a small number of sources) from hogging up all the bandwidth, without explicitly identifying the rogue source?We will deal with full-scale bandwidth partitioning later

*Solve problems with tail-dropProactively indicate congestionNo bias against bursty flowNo synchronization effect

Provide better QoS at routerlow steady-state delaylower packet droppingActive Queue Management

*Random Early Detection (RED)yesDrop the new packetendAdmit packet with a probability pendAvgQsize > Maxth?yesArriving packetnoAdmit the new packetendAvgQsize > Minth? no

*RED Dropping Curveminthmaxth0Average Queue SizeDrop Probability1maxp

*What QoS does RED Provide? Lower buffer delay: good interactive service qavg is controlled and small

With congestion responsive flows: packet dropping is reducedearly congestion indication allows traffic to throttle back before congestion

With responsive: fair bandwidth allocation, approximately and over long time scales

*Simulation Comparison: The setup

*1 UDP source and 32 TCP sources

Chart1

86.5725828981.32365742770.1867634257

170.2101299135.16255931350.3241872034

250.4461628175.70525049270.4143158317

331.2556891203.22351033420.4919412242

412.8009327221.74596009430.5565080798

479.9076622235.10815264320.6081530789

549.8767198245.97094843450.6486129308

621.9190637251.5258343440.6855927071

680.832453256.28437311620.7152395854

722.1242391259.11049434520.7408895057

960.861409240.44476886320.8797776156

977.4067531198.5181148150.9338272951

983.3089401158.23231240150.9604419219

987.9141445122.12363631580.9755752727

987.609949392.95008898760.9845083185

989.55205769.8375931870.990023201

989.04309848.10118297460.9939873521

991.388496834.02874858950.9962190279

991.507965325.85250594850.9974147494

RED

CHOKe

CBR Dropping Percentage

UDP Arrival Rate (Kbps)

UDP Throughput (Kbps)

Sheet1

newtcp32drop_2

10081.3236574277918.67634257239.4266666667104.2133333333113.459785293328.70863570540.18786.5725828986.5725828922912.27880564910.13428.5087126765

200135.1625593135864.837440686516.803333333399.3133333333115.709878693327.02617002150.324170.2101299170.2101298692829.13352072590.14925.9104225227

300175.7052504927824.294749507323.126666666795.22117.918902066725.75921092210.414250.4461628250.4461627689748.65135679930.16523.3953549

400203.2235103342796.776489665828.6992.8766666667121.032291206724.89926530210.492331.2556891331.2556890884668.49817988470.17220.8905681214

500221.7459600943778.254039905732.446666666790.8166666667122.8058878224.32043874710.557412.8009327412.8009327046586.95293626850.17418.3422792584

600235.1081526432764.891847356835.793333333388.3123.7467389723.90287022990.608479.9076622479.9076622176519.92825043120.20016.247757826

700245.9709484345754.029051565539.326666666786.8266666667125.371728596723.56340786140.649549.8767198549.8767198245450.04123649990.21414.0637886406

800251.525834344748.47416565641.593333333385.65126.687851473323.38981767670.686621.9190637621.9190637351378.08093626490.22311.8150292583

900256.2843731162743.715626883844.046666666784.19127.878039336723.24111334010.715680.832453680.8324529595319.16754704050.2449.973985845

1000259.1104943452740.889505654845.3383.2366666667127.323655796723.15279705170.741722.1242391722.124239089277.8757609110.2788.6836175285

2000240.4447688632759.555231136856.316666666777.5633333333133.262922616723.7361009730.880960.861409960.861409001538.32377727180.5201.1976180397

3000198.518114815801.48188518560.403333333375.0966666667135.312138713325.0463089120.934977.4067531977.406753108322.59324689170.6740.7060389654

4000158.2323124015841.767687598563.746666666774.2466666667137.270556116726.30524023750.960983.3089401983.308940124216.49804171320.7540.5155638035

5000122.1236363158877.876363684265.1173.2366666667137.160603756727.43363636510.976987.9141445987.914144494312.04325909510.8020.3763518467

600092.9500889876907.049911012464.9673.25137.809633036728.34530971910.985987.6099493987.60994934712.3900506530.8350.3871890829

700069.837593187930.16240681365.296666666772.4066666667137.573069613329.06757521290.990989.552057989.552057024710.37591590110.8590.3242473719

800048.1011829746951.898817025466.713333333372.3233333333138.013519023329.7468380320.994989.043098989.043097994310.67191115390.8760.3334972236

900034.0287485895965.971251410566.523333333371.9466666667137.533024326730.18660160660.996991.3884968991.38849680338.61150319670.8900.2691094749

1000025.8525059485974.147494051566.1472.21137.402514306730.44210918910.997991.5079653991.50796530398.49203469610.9010.2653760843

newtcp32drop_2

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

UDP Throughput(CHOKe)

UDP Dropping Percentage

Average TCP Throughput

UDP Throughput (RED)


Throughput (Kbps)

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

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Average UDP Queue Size

Average ToTal TCP Queue Size

Average FIFO Queue Size


Queue Size (# of Packets)

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

RED: UDP's throughput with mark for

UDP dropping percentage

CHOKe:UD's throughput with mark for


CHOKe: TCP's average throughput


Throughput (Kbps)

*A Randomized Algorithm: First CutConsider a single link shared by 1 unresponsive (red) flow and k distinct responsive (green) flowsSuppose the buffer gets congested

Observe: It is likely there are more packets from the red (unresponsive) sourceSo if a randomly chosen packet is evicted, it will likely be a red packetTherefore, one algorithm could be: When buffer is congested evict a randomly chosen packet

*CommentsUnfortunately, this doesnt work because there is a small non-zero chance of evicting a green packet

Since green sources are responsive, they interpret the packet drop as a congestion signal and back-off

This only frees up more room for red packets

*Randomized algorithm: Second attempt

Suppose we choose two packets at random from the queue and compare their ids, then it is quite unlikely that both will be green

This suggests another algorithm: Choose two packets at random and drop them both if their ids agree

This works: That is, it limits the maximum bandwidth the red source can consume

*yesDrop the new packetendAdmit packet with a probability pendAvgQsize > Maxth?yesREDArriving packetnoAdmit the new packetendAvgQsize > Minth? no

*Simulation Comparison: The setup

*1 UDP source and 32 TCP sources

Chart1

86.5725828981.32365742770.1867634257

170.2101299135.16255931350.3241872034

250.4461628175.70525049270.4143158317

331.2556891203.22351033420.4919412242

412.8009327221.74596009430.5565080798

479.9076622235.10815264320.6081530789

549.8767198245.97094843450.6486129308

621.9190637251.5258343440.6855927071

680.832453256.28437311620.7152395854

722.1242391259.11049434520.7408895057

960.861409240.44476886320.8797776156

977.4067531198.5181148150.9338272951

983.3089401158.23231240150.9604419219

987.9141445122.12363631580.9755752727

987.609949392.95008898760.9845083185

989.55205769.8375931870.990023201

989.04309848.10118297460.9939873521

991.388496834.02874858950.9962190279

991.507965325.85250594850.9974147494

RED

CHOKe

CBR Dropping Percentage


UDP Throughput (Kbps)

Sheet1

newtcp32drop_2

10081.3236574277918.67634257239.4266666667104.2133333333113.459785293328.70863570540.18786.5725828986.5725828922912.27880564910.13428.5087126765

200135.1625593135864.837440686516.803333333399.3133333333115.709878693327.02617002150.324170.2101299170.2101298692829.13352072590.14925.9104225227

300175.7052504927824.294749507323.126666666795.22117.918902066725.75921092210.414250.4461628250.4461627689748.65135679930.16523.3953549

400203.2235103342796.776489665828.6992.8766666667121.032291206724.89926530210.492331.2556891331.2556890884668.49817988470.17220.8905681214

500221.7459600943778.254039905732.446666666790.8166666667122.8058878224.32043874710.557412.8009327412.8009327046586.95293626850.17418.3422792584

600235.1081526432764.891847356835.793333333388.3123.7467389723.90287022990.608479.9076622479.9076622176519.92825043120.20016.247757826

700245.9709484345754.029051565539.326666666786.8266666667125.371728596723.56340786140.649549.8767198549.8767198245450.04123649990.21414.0637886406

800251.525834344748.47416565641.593333333385.65126.687851473323.38981767670.686621.9190637621.9190637351378.08093626490.22311.8150292583

900256.2843731162743.715626883844.046666666784.19127.878039336723.24111334010.715680.832453680.8324529595319.16754704050.2449.973985845

1000259.1104943452740.889505654845.3383.2366666667127.323655796723.15279705170.741722.1242391722.124239089277.8757609110.2788.6836175285

2000240.4447688632759.555231136856.316666666777.5633333333133.262922616723.7361009730.880960.861409960.861409001538.32377727180.5201.1976180397

3000198.518114815801.48188518560.403333333375.0966666667135.312138713325.0463089120.934977.4067531977.406753108322.59324689170.6740.7060389654

4000158.2323124015841.767687598563.746666666774.2466666667137.270556116726.30524023750.960983.3089401983.308940124216.49804171320.7540.5155638035

5000122.1236363158877.876363684265.1173.2366666667137.160603756727.43363636510.976987.9141445987.914144494312.04325909510.8020.3763518467

600092.9500889876907.049911012464.9673.25137.809633036728.34530971910.985987.6099493987.60994934712.3900506530.8350.3871890829

700069.837593187930.16240681365.296666666772.4066666667137.573069613329.06757521290.990989.552057989.552057024710.37591590110.8590.3242473719

800048.1011829746951.898817025466.713333333372.3233333333138.013519023329.7468380320.994989.043098989.043097994310.67191115390.8760.3334972236

900034.0287485895965.971251410566.523333333371.9466666667137.533024326730.18660160660.996991.3884968991.38849680338.61150319670.8900.2691094749

1000025.8525059485974.147494051566.1472.21137.402514306730.44210918910.997991.5079653991.50796530398.49203469610.9010.2653760843

newtcp32drop_2

0000

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UDP Throughput(CHOKe)


Average TCP Throughput

UDP Throughput (RED)


Throughput (Kbps)

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

Average UDP Queue Size

Average ToTal TCP Queue Size

Average FIFO Queue Size


Queue Size (# of Packets)

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

RED: UDP's throughput with mark for

UDP dropping percentage

CHOKe:UD's throughput with mark for


CHOKe: TCP's average throughput


Throughput (Kbps)

*A Fluid Analysis

*Setupdiscards from the queueN: the total number of packets in the bufferi: the arrival rate for flow iLi(t): the rate at which flow i packets cross location t0Dlocation in tubet+ttLi(t)

*The Equation

*Simulation Comparison: 1UDP, 32 TCPs

Chart1

82.781.3236574277

139.3135.1625593135

178.9175.7052504927

206.9203.2235103342

227.1221.7459600943

241.6235.1081526432

251.9245.9709484345

259.1251.525834344

263.9256.2843731162

266.9259.1104943452

250.7240.4447688632

210.2198.518114815

169.4158.2323124015

132.9122.1236363158

102.192.9500889876

76.669.837593187

56.448.1011829746

40.634.0287485895

28.725.8525059485

fluid model

CHOKe ns simulation

Arrival Rate

Throughput

Sheet1

0.10.08262128680.09048374180.08187307530.082782.781.32365742770.0813236574

0.20.13861882130.16374615060.13406400920.1393139.3135.16255931350.1351625593

0.30.17649990640.22224546620.16464349080.1789178.9175.70525049270.1757052505

0.40.20164853780.26812801840.17973158560.2069206.9203.22351033420.2032235103

0.50.21763329920.30326532990.18393972060.2271227.1221.74596009430.2217459601

0.60.22690850470.32928698170.18071652710.2416241.6235.10815264320.2351081526

0.70.23121345930.34760971270.17261787480.2519251.9245.97094843450.2459709484

0.80.23181136620.35946317130.16151721440.2591259.1251.5258343440.2515258343

0.90.22963833720.36591269380.14876899940.2639263.9256.28437311620.2562843731

10.22539967360.36787944120.13533528320.2669266.9259.11049434520.2591104943

20.1451577670.27067056650.03663127780.2507250.7240.44476886320.2404447689

30.07658712680.14936120510.00743625650.2102210.2198.5181148150.1985181148

40.03696984090.07326255560.00134185050.1694169.4158.23231240150.1582323124

50.01690180920.0336897350.00022699960.1329132.9122.12363631580.1221236363

60.00744548430.01487251310.00003686530.1021102.192.95008898760.092950089

70.00319304270.00638317380.00000582070.076676.669.8375931870.0698375932

80.00134207560.0026837010.00000090030.056456.448.10118297460.048101183

90.00055537840.00111068820.00000013710.040640.634.02874858950.0340287486

100.00022700480.00045399930.00000002060.028728.725.85250594850.0258525059

Sheet1

drop two

drop one

Arrival Rate

Throughput

Sheet2

e-1

Arrival Rate

Throughput

Sheet3

drop one with memory

drop one

Arrival Rate

Throughput

simple model of dropping two packets

fluid model

CHOKe ns simulation

Arrival Rate

Throughput

fluid model

CHOKe ns simulation

Arrival Rate

Throughput

*Complete bandwidth partitioningWe have just seen how to prevent a small number of sources from hogging all the bandwidth

However, this is far from ideal fairnessWhat happens if we use a bit more state?

*Our approach: Exploit power lawsMost flows are very small (mice), most bandwidth is consumed by a few large (elephant) flows: simply partition the bandwidth amongst the elephant flows

New problem: Quickly (automatically) identify elephant flows, allocate bandwidth to them

*Detecting large (elephant) flowsDetection: Flip a coin with bias p (= 0.1, say) for heads on each arriving packet, independently from packet to packet.A flow is sampled if one its packets has a head on it

A flow of size X has roughly 0.1X chance of being sampledflows with fewer than 5 packets are sampled with prob 0.5flows with more than 10 packets are sampled with prob 1 Most mice will not be sampled, most elephants will beHTTTTTH

*The AFD AlgorithmDiData BufferFlow TableAFD is a randomized algorithmjoint work with Rong Pan, Lee Breslau and Scott Shenkercurrently being ported onto Ciscos core router (and other) platforms

AFD vs. WRED

Test 1: TCP Traffic (1Gbps, 4 Classes)Class 1400 Flows015456030timeClass 2400 Flows015456030timeClass 3400 Flows015456030timeClass 4015456030timeWeight 1160 FlowsWeight 3Weight 2400 Flows1600 FlowsWeight 4

TCP Traffic:Throughputs Under WRED

TCP Traffic: Throughputs Under AFD

AFDs Implementation in IOSAFD is implemented as an IOS feature directly on top of IO driver Integration Branch : haw_t LABEL=V124_24_6

Lines of codes: 689 lines Structure definition and initialization: 253 Per packet enque process function: 173 Background timer function: 263

Tested on e-ARMS c3845 platform

Throughput Comparison vs. 12.5T IOS

Chart1

9939595297550442492204819944895993305898330002950500024757000196700009835000

9964773297874702496192619885434991543298950002968800024911000197920009897000

9991527298305402489781519866775994090099130002974200024956000198290009914000

9911494298116582491199419881851999815399240002977200024982000198500009925000

9951674297893702497586719883424990855999280002978400024991000198560009928000

9915416298506862494438119892516993075599310002978900024996000198590009929000

9944474298627842492871719857955992718399300002979100024995000198580009929000

9967368298789062496449419786716992554399320002979400025000000198630009931000

9967426298525742488553819878934993407199300002979000024997000198590009930000

99144492985150524909965198504651000169399310002979200024999000198620009930000

9904281298099672492273919919093997033899360002980900025012000198720009936000

9912252298289752486193219918677998198599300002979100024997000198600009930000

9884308298586162492234819887322996279199310002979600025000000198630009932000

9976249298424162491168219844910996153399300002979200024998000198600009931000

9928486298060212499207119864806993109799320002979500025000000198630009931000

9847033298252752496552619882100999091999360002981000025013000198730009937000

9921294298314962490269519881785997812899300002979300024998000198610009930000

9985056298394052498356919855984985326999320002979400024999000198630009931000

AFD-prec1

AFD-prec2

AFD-prec3

AFD-prec4

AFD-prec5

12.5T-prec1

12.5T-prec2

12.5T-prec3

12.5T-prec4

12.5T-prec5

Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

Sheet1

03153756.899MDTupdatecount5000qlen48438mfair63764ratio5output_th94521446Throughput&arrival99395952268635961602975504439696859616024922048396968298080199448953969685961609933058283629596160TH_interval10132000AdmitLevel130224192149104

10.132315387.031MDTupdatecount7500qlen33948mfair68679ratio5output_th94520088Throughput&arrival99725622269795961602982325439701559616024934673397015298080198480783970155961609930084283582596160TH_interval10136035AdmitLevel136233192155109




























2943154250.899MDTupdatecount77500qlen36846mfair68781ratio5output_th94520292Throughput&arrival98843082268055961602985861639697759616024922348396977298080198873223969805961609962791283589596160TH_interval10128024AdmitLevel136233192155109




























AFD_ue

AFD-prec1AFD-prec2AFD-prec3AFD-prec4AFD-prec512.5T-prec112.5T-prec212.5T-prec312.5T-prec412.5T-prec5prec1prec2prec3prec4prec5

03153756.899Throughput&arrival9939595226863596160297550443969685961602492204839696829808019944895396968596160993305828362959616009833000295050002475700019670000983500020418726889332767326232767801032767130972340713572

20.2683153817.167Throughput&arrival996477322684259616029787470397192596160249619263971932980801988543439719359616099154322836425961602498950002968800024911000197920009897000202818841894632969328132969805832969131772355113654











2943154250.899Throughput&arrival9884308226805596160298586163969775961602492234839697729808019887322396980596160996279128358959616029499310002979600025000000198630009932000245818904000897300033083000328700033083000808300033083000132200002363000013698000






AFD_ue

AFD-prec1

AFD-prec5

12.5T-prec1

12.5T-prec5

Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

AFD-prec2

AFD-prec4

12.5T-prec2

12.5T-prec4

Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

AFD-prec3

12.5T-prec3

Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

AFD-prec1

AFD-prec2

AFD-prec3

AFD-prec4

AFD-prec5

12.5T-prec1

12.5T-prec2

12.5T-prec3

12.5T-prec4

12.5T-prec5

Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

Scenario 2 (100Mbps Link) With Smaller Measurement Intervals - the longer the interval => the better rate accuracy

Chart3

1028614329960980246453221939869910148074

952681329846240259822182105225810259645

101588502897418724180926187437959658062

993583429973100247843862042365910046232

938400030084000263580001932000010005000

89004432987513225390413199397539659396

1014300029532000265650002125200010488000

90384352884019726149365202847329452409

92456142973776026080913193191959176617

94557572871237424847247189805358765556

965597630485297244847981917401010828488

959379830299837247092061967073710767140

1020647130274601244127761986124110068546

1084022630104069245113402036857910011674

1027436429857716252377002020395110688097

93888902954738925198124185016369388890

1013603130339141257193172130635110549747

945694028715964243671521891388011113630

101385642938114524898107195874309655775

98702902995598526159719202237419318106

94581232989319224991537197446959389085

1034224329854609249592801999500310066450

101470162995785825471082195347329801879

1020583329652085251008341910145910136875

98141502966299324204561201245219648743

107184463028825524133792194315069750328

111786982987886725117569189761868763547

1090177230428366258054622049257310901772

99345512973466324560418193861729658591

99384842933233324846211191177799110277

979351130139186255183042041464310207321

1056184029545541240230101988111210285714

98608362985833825238226195837609309181

1011866830000964250303901976394910059495

106264422932622124220009192518029798408

1034978430359367264954482063057010211787

938439129533230249100371911379610281428

105572192946361324909518189753959522198

938380429669381262884522090656410073790

88314482980613725873382189738149866383

1028142829602233238749941794074710074419

106246713104611924215973195245599589801

106952223029163125323527203554249039188

93115083055554124209921191748099932275

977202830530688252306052015135810434539

1055897930158654249136712097993310489966

930840629373193242018571882366610135820

883844429967851261010321954124810771854

958281429782560251635062088915710065402

99444942893571524654058196127529875435

93084062937319325029270202026899928966

946009530382787249276951988691510219664

1075458929713001248182841985462710065192

897766829557246248612351981992910704143

98674112967123625945081203558489315388

77281612932561026151544195964089453196

106266643015488424565535188381779453590

1055634030910068255974002090569310073370

1041856529530769251149531897420910004583

979759129392775250459562028515411177534

96608052912042624773064193906159591799

99347582959730025043869195935509244844

102827132981296824844140196682788902483

1027393630545999257882702089263610136031

1090745329891945250595291995097510217108

92683472929459925984475193090589544191

103519402974457725189723196686879454772

904371028926065260955912050367810769609

104122752875442925168745191006649653765

1063331029276127253404211974757611185690

1047992128337156252345481958090610204134

98737882817136725754706198166239390455

93089872903025124755012193764869653765

100821913024657525550759200953279875023

103506462946484125186574196662299591599

104104173008205024674041201448349531616

109204623036592924940926199386509511370

1069433130220111252524212000874910349353

86257182953446124704058195286279522793

1021008530354308255252142062713210348059

1055831929397674244290531835629410006250

972393529930411252408532013751110275648

103558252913438825337252201593399251203

98608362972042424479700196527179860836

938869429960980254047022015807911045522

904631629676331255392961985776810315007

102168952947712424989974200195929319465

897430029753256247138421919119510700127

1041379330482758241379311910344810000000

102865712968607924784424192614339941384

1165080530264518259213182026826510203072

97371142900417025275062193361139875229

97208992999000824543547188213159789841

987584730249098256219522023512710635527

1034978429807379242184951911260110142788

96587922966629125250843199385079865766

106965592995036725602733194608389592398

102812142967061824219504193894039798204

92458073035936726357450206305709728797

924619229670618255995331932040210557219

Prec1

Prec2

Prec3

Prec4

Prec5

Test Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

AFD with 48ms Interval

IOS_200ms

Relative TimeMinSecTh_prec1Th_prec2Th_prec3Th_prec4Th_prec5

01115.42799205312984440224975227198741869887407

0.21115.62799524602975802225005349198552419969020

0.41115.82798861712982411225005224198717019919291

0.61116.02799857792975861725005850198556389936099

0.81116.22799009492983530225000724198350129917506

11116.42799365962977666625023661198897539936596

1.21116.62799527092980844724956294198722989919588

1.41116.82799202832977741125007725198571279953406

1.61117.02799023352982291925004224198543489902335

1.81117.22799655822978086725029834198649479932473

21117.42798887922979888924978724198769699938484

2.21117.62799356522979039725004724198713049935652

2.41117.82799380372981411124977600198263849938037

2.61118.02799503212978473824999975198675299900652

2.81118.22799219202979888925011852198604059938484

31118.42799508682978637625001349198851799950868

3.21118.62799179022981993725018282198523629917902

3.41118.82799346582978741825002224198362029951216

3.61119.02799210272976308224959913198917429954152

3.81119.22799556462980067825013354198781629872820

41119.42799164652979906024998100198494859999240

4.21119.62799350062980501925019658198534549885331

4.41119.82799064952978575124998164198958219923061

4.61120.02799194402979144024972480198057609952560

4.81120.22799361492979188625005975199219789919588

51120.42799651332981263424995601198143949932027

5.21120.62798906222977127025016482198640809940324

5.41120.82799496242983231924998225198826949949624

5.61121.02799386832976635625012353198442379872425

5.81121.22799357012982366524971730198714039968820

61121.42798867642977621925006725198894559919886

6.21121.62799857292975846825005725198224199936049

6.41121.82798824652984604024995851198973609932126

6.61122.02799558952976829225013979198620939939329

6.81122.22799351552983858325003474198537529902038

71122.42799204812976144424975102198740869937043

7.21122.62799190432979024825004599198712059935602

7.41122.82799494752978220724997850198658419932920

7.61123.02799227642983455425013979198786599922764

7.81123.22799346092975415425002099198361029951166

81123.42799184972980516825019783198701129935056

8.21123.62799518132978920524987165198705099902137

8.41123.82799183982978831224986416198367979968073

8.61124.02799569902977156825000165198808469907288

8.81124.22799177042981934125001224198685239934261

91124.42799338642978503625000224198346159950420

9.21124.62799027802980770125038469198883619919340

9.41124.82799846812980501924953424198865719918448

9.61125.02798908692977201525000540198148749957140

9.81125.22799364962980949025006850198895549919935

101125.42799359502977473125005474198884609919390

10.21125.62799362482979218425006225197896949952808

10.41125.82799021372982232324987165199367449918696

10.61126.027100023902974220624989414198226179936149

10.81126.22798826632984663624996351198812039932325

111126.42799559942976859025014229198291619955994

11.21126.62799202332979382325007600199067129887110

11.41126.82799514152975489825002724198034829967973

11.61127.02799026322987349325004974199046229902632

11.81127.22799701172972817224974977198243029970117

121127.42799177042985245525001224199016379884590

12.21127.62799204812974488325008225198575259986728

12.41127.82799351052982187625003349198702119901988

12.61128.02799352542975608825003724198373929935254

12.81128.22799202332984350725007600199067129936794

131128.42799178532980323124968485198191489934410

13.21128.62799705152976248625009101198913449920828

13.41128.82799018892975534425003099198203379951564

13.61129.02799359502984097025005474199050209935950

13.81129.22799532562974384225007350198568299903573

141129.42799181012983709125035340198362029967774

14.21129.62799023352987259724971106199040259869217

14.41129.82799729092973649924981973198132899972909

14.61130.02798866662980904325006475198561349903226

14.81130.22799491772978131424997100198983549965731

151130.42799355032980650925037468198544479885825

15.21130.62799401252980380824982847198305499956692

15.41130.82799023352983947824971106198874669902335

15.61131.02799695682969341625006725198397729969568

15.81131.22799155232982933724995726199138149932076

161131.42799234592975381025015731198137849940025

16.21131.62799690702984097025005474198553409902830

16.41131.82799026322980725425004974199046229935751

16.61132.02799350062978846124969983198700129935006

16.81132.22799365962972698325007100198235099936596

171132.42799338642983470525000224199008419933864

17.21132.62799213252976397525010351198592139937888

17.41132.82799201342982664725007350198568299936695

17.61133.02799663292979965625015155198498829900107

17.81133.22799053562976576124962160198604059971612

181133.42799655322981382724996601198814029932424

18.21133.62799030282975876625005975198557379903028

18.41133.82799391802978441125013604198617959955745

18.61134.02799034742979322725007100198400709920035

18.81134.22799856802979144024972480199051209919440

191134.42798811322984201225009030198284709947337

19.21134.62799693692975906324989664199056179969369

19.41134.82799062972980172125014229198457269873166

19.61135.02799541522979620725009601198420549970715

19.81135.22798861712982411225005224198717019902731

AFD_200ms


0207.4471026832929711908250580361977481510135834

0.2207.647105749322947547524758149196346969747057

0.412207.859103019162982918325059164198750809920977

0.612208.05998517712985335124753610199353499901444

0.812208.259102688432976308225224915199911189540086

1.012208.45997533522960779925633598197882109240017

1.212208.65996231843018180424948417201680699763782

1.424208.871957244529793823252891432005576410152092

1.624209.071972057429691634250714631993794010200806

1.824209.27193708982993389425016656199338549602687

2.024209.47198540372979397225090532203539709688423

2.224209.67198752322992258024859961203598559875232

2.436209.883996837229474589252024291952277510415458

2.6362010.08398814282974359624927021197794099550392

2.8362010.2831027285030172354248205311971724410074020

3.0362010.483101511782957586425137828196896439902780

3.2362010.68393252212989694125398341203998989497042

3.4482010.895996862129806509250540271978821010183890

3.6482011.09598871102997599824792303200888879671813

3.8482011.29599208283004404624926289197588469904266

4.0482011.495945585429576455257510571912699110300423

4.2482011.695100143492954311124824962199193379889365

4.462011.9071016748429475768251703191980506610266840

4.662012.107102507422972549724790567196569169787057

4.862012.307105976582952441324722349196387859918745

5.062012.5071000294029594791249742281992307410118868

5.262012.707100455002980842125012203200285099858026

5.4722012.919102833482988960425352345198877649405703

5.6722013.11997194562963854625532200197866279255836

5.8722013.31998198833023795525236935199875209886122

6.0722013.51999682222982187624788089198536539686728

6.2722013.719104066422945423624875938203601439781619

6.4842013.931104095253000392724906735195944019631707

6.6842014.131100093962943160324940632195382099561956

6.8842014.33199358502962539525485457205340919952410

7.0842014.531983678729046675248734931975637610449516

7.2842014.731100143023013664424856091198255069576859

7.4962014.943963599230133173253648472008326310165806

7.6962015.14397388862943197624943475198918429755449

7.8962015.343907515229891696251388341985603510151584

8.0962015.543100605063004092225135644204334519576227

8.3082015.75597376693014040524824432202205689986079

8.5082015.955991907529359189249807851977446510157897

8.7162016.163100654382962810424936311195951359821919

8.922016.367991924129559008249388612051742910416031

9.122016.567101405772962486025031131195780329859328

9.3322016.779103811472962021225232645197523279768543

9.5322016.979103685302963146924546583198757769821946

9.7322017.1791011821029576307248566841973961810118210

9.9322017.379102011132972564524856932198888589836787

10.1322017.57997776982964548025771888199302609434072

10.3442017.79197385463010999425041975195433409324492

10.5442017.991998622930091175248248052015462810118716

10.7442018.19198038142974265225105713199885199803814

10.9442018.39197685432976922325166418197192139950669

11.1442018.591999867929746070251841732016921010092416

11.3562018.803101527013006060824247234198085339755205

11.5562019.0031018348329623173249039981983709410266276

11.7562019.203971882429288928250172811938797910033403

11.9562019.4031002155530346265251284301987746610120943

12.1562019.60398738822976225525075285198571269905128

12.3682019.815101158832976818224801299204138869619195

12.5682020.015104350432976471924547197197437649838755

12.7682020.215100023402967581625221132199549999687696

12.9682020.4151008483829459650246407871977224410432591

13.1682020.615100749872975635925554543195564109934406

13.382020.82795734512987976725076479193125329954401

13.582021.027978696029410560250718401990512010399680

13.782021.2271025064029708640250387201977264010118160

13.982021.427105638012942300024853080196042959702801

14.182021.627104047772991764024965216199815469967339

14.3922021.83998875062977845324611113198246989937192

14.5922022.039101181602974176025270560199382409621360

14.7922022.23997686412963706525696494198021959238817

14.9922022.439100870572997959525027165199091019772354

15.1922022.639981106529995613251681941951277110045405

15.4042022.851996727630150182247691771966964110364642

15.6042023.05197624412954213624748506200504319985401

15.8122023.259100518192974146225021909197227629935900

16.0122023.459101846032982515624890177196902339869957

16.2122023.65998404072972427825694397202431239590492

16.4242023.871101000342935632925399103195874439321835

16.6242024.0711005528830000210248648891958047910386599

16.8242024.27198357543000401925102700197046269769520

17.0242024.471104338952979456824842608198409639837672

17.2242024.67198423102976127225371289197627349967292

17.4362024.88399025822995614124789576197223689836344

17.6362025.083103652642937376825151496201178859802294

17.8362025.283968905329315597247609141964310610434365

18.0362025.483986980930238711243598812007082010101650

18.2362025.68395298563001123525230685200908119982915

18.4482025.895976795829618435249165701994981210032851

18.6482026.09594381672992399225017395198607809906951

18.862026.30796876962975861725038970204021249555215

19.062026.50799345093006844924902504203657459984182

19.262026.707993623429464996252155381974748410326809

19.4722026.919101524982969564324776733196425179556266

19.6722027.11997205253042011125087898201365579886122

19.8722027.31995865622935574225034338200506519950818

20.0722027.519948759929936438251678021985275910232698

IOS_48ms


03617.719992648729848395249540851985297410064354

0.0483617.767100164772991127325006653197566379809239

0.0963617.81599166312974989424998175198849129813333

0.163617.879996235829817893250442621985553410100724

0.2083617.92797851562983783724945259200526809922976

0.2563617.975100857662977373625007175196188889947605

0.3043618.02399207052976211625008445198414119989599

0.3523618.07198828532971767225087244199039299744632

0.43618.119991802329891821250016841990492210055773

0.4483618.16799538332979237824953708197694209884710

0.4963618.21599856522988809125067431199024399916786

0.5443618.26398863602972821724888740198418569955496

0.5923618.31197755973001521525058574198954069844439

0.643618.35999588222959983224897055199176449958822

0.6883618.407100052082973961925116523198724149936207

0.7363618.45599355862987575524976959198021749935586

0.7843618.503100033322980303224973837197307119865355

0.8323618.5511000500029601000249780002007900010005000

0.883618.59998690562981421124983204198071269938070

0.9283618.6471000541629809242249790401987282810074419

0.9763618.69597975912966876325114953199401699935586

1.0243618.74399364142994724724979040198728289867411

1.0723618.791100047912980737924977479197335889866794

1.123618.83998672052980862124978520198724149936207

1.1683618.88798672052994662324978520200794189867205

1.2163618.935100010412952031424968116197951649932068

1.2643618.98399384843009152225053263198079519869467

1.3123619.03199306202965393725033440198612419999583

1.363619.079993351629731567249717571986703310002499

1.4083619.12798672052987762224978520198034129936207

1.4563619.175100110482961889424993099197459299942006

1.5043619.22399328952993664424970196200037489863917

1.5523619.27199382772967680025121757198765559869261

1.63619.31999250412991297125019374198500829925041

1.6483619.367994553129836593249328941975292910083663

1.6963619.41597808832989368625003244199750439918642

1.7443619.46399530032965165424951625199060069883884

1.7923619.51198723473010030424991537198137329734272

1.843619.5591006414529503111249535661978362810064145

1.8883619.60798768762969969925141141198228229945945

1.9363619.65599287602992418024959800199954209928760

1.9843619.7031008009029618894249930991981497110011048

2.0323619.751100630982970681724950969199194209994172

2.083619.79997967752994225724974878198005249865766

2.1283619.847987049529818560249868491994806410008544

2.1763619.89598768762969969925141141199609609945945

2.2243619.94399229762990674725014168197770429785156

2.2723619.991994739829842194249375741975663710085556

2.323620.03999914692990550224944221199829399646936

2.3683620.087986473929801170251102451979846210071691

2.4163620.135100100052954677324852426198819409940970

2.4643620.18398758472983472625138519198898179944908

2.5123620.23199256602977698224952008198513219994588

2.563620.279100687552972351924964997198616559999791

2.6083620.32798731702989568425062664197463419804127

2.6563620.37598791432970651424939654199655409948228

2.7043620.42399200862996692824937995199090629920086

2.7523620.47199519642964856125018133198348189951964

2.83620.51999184363003082025071602196991169918436

2.8483620.56799451162976628525000917198211699945116

2.8963620.61597373172983348224999353200961659806376

2.9443620.6631000541629533230249790401980382510074419

2.9923620.71199351722994350424975918198703449866177

3.043620.7591007358029806758249769591980217410004583

3.0883620.80799370352946606925118616198740709799020

3.1363620.85598647393000812324972277199364319933723

3.1843620.9031004094829778977249648241973802810040948

3.2323620.95198888372994312424964129199159819957990

3.283620.99999461532963124825003524198923069946153

3.3283621.04798628902986455624967596197947529931861

3.3763621.09599382772981483225121757198765559938277

3.4243621.14398645332980054924971757199360159795551

3.4723621.191100118832969041224995184198166239942835

3.523621.23998663833001312424976438198707589866383

3.5683621.2871003448929759820248800341986279010034489

3.6163621.33599598622960292325037986198505589890696

3.6643621.38398071942990503525139568201669069945323

3.7123621.431993206829727232250370891958824610070013

3.763621.479100742092980862124909518198034129936207

3.8083621.52798713182975201624988932199497289940348

3.8563621.57599997912986144724964997198616559792899

3.9043621.62398616582986082525033440199991679930620

3.9523621.671994138429755117249224991960662010010422

43621.71998756412990316525137995198894039875641

4.0483621.76799244212984218424948892199866829924421

4.0963621.81599302592968733724929087198087989930259

4.163621.8791009229229585623250233541997720810023166

4.2083621.92798982622990100225089346197965259967000

4.2563621.97599080772986280625012698198161549838789

4.3043622.02399362072980862124978520197344119936207

4.3523622.071972778429873265249748782014548110003749

4.43622.119100744192987824424979040195968169798408

4.4483622.167986515029871399249733172000624810003124

4.4963622.21599384842967741925122280197389349662415

4.5443622.263999666929714238249572022006228110065611

4.5923622.31197980002980800024978000198720009936000

4.643622.3591007672929954112249847661967032710076729

4.6883622.40799366212932683224979561199422469936621

4.7363622.45599339303014671924972797199368469864944

4.7843622.503993641429602233251170461973482210005416

AFD_48ms

Relative TimeMinSecTh_prec1Th_prec2Th_Prec3Th_prec4Th_prec5

0156.9231028614329960980246453221939869910148074

0.048156.971952681329846240259822182105225810259645

0.096157.019101588502897418724180926187437959658062

0.144157.067993583429973100247843862042365910046232

0.204157.127938400030084000263580001932000010005000

0.252157.17589004432987513225390413199397539659396

0.3157.2231014300029532000265650002125200010488000

0.348157.27190384352884019726149365202847329452409

0.396157.31992456142973776026080913193191959176617

0.444157.36794557572871237424847247189805358765556

0.492157.415965597630485297244847981917401010828488

0.54157.463959379830299837247092061967073710767140

0.588157.5111020647130274601244127761986124110068546

0.636157.5591084022630104069245113402036857910011674

0.684157.6071027436429857716252377002020395110688097

0.732157.65593888902954738925198124185016369388890

0.78157.7031013603130339141257193172130635110549747

0.828157.751945694028715964243671521891388011113630

0.876157.799101385642938114524898107195874309655775

0.924157.84798702902995598526159719202237419318106

0.972157.89594581232989319224991537197446959389085

1.02157.9431034224329854609249592801999500310066450

1.068157.991101470162995785825471082195347329801879

1.116158.0391020583329652085251008341910145910136875

1.164158.08798141502966299324204561201245219648743

1.224158.147107184463028825524133792194315069750328

1.272158.195111786982987886725117569189761868763547

1.32158.2431090177230428366258054622049257310901772

1.368158.29199345512973466324560418193861729658591

1.416158.33999384842933233324846211191177799110277

1.464158.387979351130139186255183042041464310207321

1.512158.4351056184029545541240230101988111210285714

1.56158.48398608362985833825238226195837609309181

1.608158.5311011866830000964250303901976394910059495

1.664158.587106264422932622124220009192518029798408

1.712158.6351034978430359367264954482063057010211787

1.76158.683938439129533230249100371911379610281428

1.808158.731105572192946361324909518189753959522198

1.856158.779938380429669381262884522090656410073790

1.904158.82788314482980613725873382189738149866383

1.952158.8751028142829602233238749941794074710074419

2158.923106246713104611924215973195245599589801

2.048158.971106952223029163125323527203554249039188

2.096159.01993115083055554124209921191748099932275

2.144159.067977202830530688252306052015135810434539

2.204159.1271055897930158654249136712097993310489966

2.252159.175930840629373193242018571882366610135820

2.3159.223883844429967851261010321954124810771854

2.348159.271958281429782560251635062088915710065402

2.396159.31999444942893571524654058196127529875435

2.444159.36793084062937319325029270202026899928966

2.492159.415946009530382787249276951988691510219664

2.54159.4631075458929713001248182841985462710065192

2.588159.511897766829557246248612351981992910704143

2.636159.55998674112967123625945081203558489315388

2.684159.60777281612932561026151544195964089453196

2.732159.655106266643015488424565535188381779453590

2.78159.7031055634030910068255974002090569310073370

2.828159.7511041856529530769251149531897420910004583

2.876159.799979759129392775250459562028515411177534

2.924159.84796608052912042624773064193906159591799

2.972159.89599347582959730025043869195935509244844

3.02159.943102827132981296824844140196682788902483

3.068159.9911027393630545999257882702089263610136031

3.1161510.0391090745329891945250595291995097510217108

3.1641510.08792683472929459925984475193090589544191

3.2241510.147103519402974457725189723196686879454772

3.2721510.195904371028926065260955912050367810769609

3.321510.243104122752875442925168745191006649653765

3.3681510.2911063331029276127253404211974757611185690

3.4161510.3391047992128337156252345481958090610204134

3.4641510.38798737882817136725754706198166239390455

3.5121510.43593089872903025124755012193764869653765

3.561510.483100821913024657525550759200953279875023

3.6081510.531103506462946484125186574196662299591599

3.6561510.579104104173008205024674041201448349531616

3.7041510.627109204623036592924940926199386509511370

3.7521510.6751069433130220111252524212000874910349353

3.81510.72386257182953446124704058195286279522793

3.8481510.7711021008530354308255252142062713210348059

3.8961510.8191055831929397674244290531835629410006250

3.9441510.867972393529930411252408532013751110275648

3.9921510.915103558252913438825337252201593399251203

4.041510.96398608362972042424479700196527179860836

4.0881511.011938869429960980254047022015807911045522

4.1361511.059904631629676331255392961985776810315007

4.1961511.119102168952947712424989974200195929319465

4.2441511.167897430029753256247138421919119510700127

4.2921511.2151041379330482758241379311910344810000000

4.341511.263102865712968607924784424192614339941384

4.3881511.3111165080530264518259213182026826510203072

4.4361511.35997371142900417025275062193361139875229

4.4841511.40797208992999000824543547188213159789841

4.5321511.455987584730249098256219522023512710635527

4.581511.5031034978429807379242184951911260110142788

4.6281511.55196587922966629125250843199385079865766

4.6761511.599106965592995036725602733194608389592398

4.7241511.647102812142967061824219504193894039798204

4.7721511.69592458073035936726357450206305709728797

4.821511.743924619229670618255995331932040210557219

AFD_48ms

Prec1

Prec2

Prec3

Prec4

Prec5

Test Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

AFD with 48ms Interval

Chart6

992648729848395249540851985297410064354

100164772991127325006653197566379809239

99166312974989424998175198849129813333

996235829817893250442621985553410100724

97851562983783724945259200526809922976

100857662977373625007175196188889947605

99207052976211625008445198414119989599

98828532971767225087244199039299744632

991802329891821250016841990492210055773

99538332979237824953708197694209884710

99856522988809125067431199024399916786

98863602972821724888740198418569955496

97755973001521525058574198954069844439

99588222959983224897055199176449958822

100052082973961925116523198724149936207

99355862987575524976959198021749935586

100033322980303224973837197307119865355

1000500029601000249780002007900010005000

98690562981421124983204198071269938070

1000541629809242249790401987282810074419

97975912966876325114953199401699935586

99364142994724724979040198728289867411

100047912980737924977479197335889866794

98672052980862124978520198724149936207

98672052994662324978520200794189867205

100010412952031424968116197951649932068

99384843009152225053263198079519869467

99306202965393725033440198612419999583

993351629731567249717571986703310002499

98672052987762224978520198034129936207

100110482961889424993099197459299942006

99328952993664424970196200037489863917

99382772967680025121757198765559869261

99250412991297125019374198500829925041

994553129836593249328941975292910083663

97808832989368625003244199750439918642

99530032965165424951625199060069883884

98723473010030424991537198137329734272

1006414529503111249535661978362810064145

98768762969969925141141198228229945945

99287602992418024959800199954209928760

1008009029618894249930991981497110011048

100630982970681724950969199194209994172

97967752994225724974878198005249865766

987049529818560249868491994806410008544

98768762969969925141141199609609945945

99229762990674725014168197770429785156

994739829842194249375741975663710085556

99914692990550224944221199829399646936

986473929801170251102451979846210071691

100100052954677324852426198819409940970

98758472983472625138519198898179944908

99256602977698224952008198513219994588

100687552972351924964997198616559999791

98731702989568425062664197463419804127

98791432970651424939654199655409948228

99200862996692824937995199090629920086

99519642964856125018133198348189951964

99184363003082025071602196991169918436

99451162976628525000917198211699945116

97373172983348224999353200961659806376

1000541629533230249790401980382510074419

99351722994350424975918198703449866177

1007358029806758249769591980217410004583

99370352946606925118616198740709799020

98647393000812324972277199364319933723

1004094829778977249648241973802810040948

98888372994312424964129199159819957990

99461532963124825003524198923069946153

98628902986455624967596197947529931861

99382772981483225121757198765559938277

98645332980054924971757199360159795551

100118832969041224995184198166239942835

98663833001312424976438198707589866383

1003448929759820248800341986279010034489

99598622960292325037986198505589890696

98071942990503525139568201669069945323

993206829727232250370891958824610070013

100742092980862124909518198034129936207

98713182975201624988932199497289940348

99997912986144724964997198616559792899

98616582986082525033440199991679930620

994138429755117249224991960662010010422

98756412990316525137995198894039875641

99244212984218424948892199866829924421

99302592968733724929087198087989930259

1009229229585623250233541997720810023166

98982622990100225089346197965259967000

99080772986280625012698198161549838789

99362072980862124978520197344119936207

972778429873265249748782014548110003749

100744192987824424979040195968169798408

986515029871399249733172000624810003124

99384842967741925122280197389349662415

999666929714238249572022006228110065611

97980002980800024978000198720009936000

1007672929954112249847661967032710076729

99366212932683224979561199422469936621

99339303014671924972797199368469864944

993641429602233251170461973482210005416

Prec1

Prec2

Prec3

Prec4

Prec5

Test Time (sec)

Throughput (bps)

12.5T with 48ms Interval

IOS_200ms


01115.42799205312984440224975227198741869887407

0.21115.62799524602975802225005349198552419969020

0.41115.82798861712982411225005224198717019919291

0.61116.02799857792975861725005850198556389936099

0.81116.22799009492983530225000724198350129917506

11116.42799365962977666625023661198897539936596

1.21116.62799527092980844724956294198722989919588

1.41116.82799202832977741125007725198571279953406

1.61117.02799023352982291925004224198543489902335

1.81117.22799655822978086725029834198649479932473

21117.42798887922979888924978724198769699938484

2.21117.62799356522979039725004724198713049935652

2.41117.82799380372981411124977600198263849938037

2.61118.02799503212978473824999975198675299900652

2.81118.22799219202979888925011852198604059938484

31118.42799508682978637625001349198851799950868

3.21118.62799179022981993725018282198523629917902

3.41118.82799346582978741825002224198362029951216

3.61119.02799210272976308224959913198917429954152

3.81119.22799556462980067825013354198781629872820

41119.42799164652979906024998100198494859999240

4.21119.62799350062980501925019658198534549885331

4.41119.82799064952978575124998164198958219923061

4.61120.02799194402979144024972480198057609952560

4.81120.22799361492979188625005975199219789919588

51120.42799651332981263424995601198143949932027

5.21120.62798906222977127025016482198640809940324

5.41120.82799496242983231924998225198826949949624

5.61121.02799386832976635625012353198442379872425

5.81121.22799357012982366524971730198714039968820

61121.42798867642977621925006725198894559919886

6.21121.62799857292975846825005725198224199936049

6.41121.82798824652984604024995851198973609932126

6.61122.02799558952976829225013979198620939939329

6.81122.22799351552983858325003474198537529902038

71122.42799204812976144424975102198740869937043

7.21122.62799190432979024825004599198712059935602

7.41122.82799494752978220724997850198658419932920

7.61123.02799227642983455425013979198786599922764

7.81123.22799346092975415425002099198361029951166

81123.42799184972980516825019783198701129935056

8.21123.62799518132978920524987165198705099902137

8.41123.82799183982978831224986416198367979968073

8.61124.02799569902977156825000165198808469907288

8.81124.22799177042981934125001224198685239934261

91124.42799338642978503625000224198346159950420

9.21124.62799027802980770125038469198883619919340

9.41124.82799846812980501924953424198865719918448

9.61125.02798908692977201525000540198148749957140

9.81125.22799364962980949025006850198895549919935

101125.42799359502977473125005474198884609919390

10.21125.62799362482979218425006225197896949952808

10.41125.82799021372982232324987165199367449918696

10.61126.027100023902974220624989414198226179936149

10.81126.22798826632984663624996351198812039932325

111126.42799559942976859025014229198291619955994

11.21126.62799202332979382325007600199067129887110

11.41126.82799514152975489825002724198034829967973

11.61127.02799026322987349325004974199046229902632

11.81127.22799701172972817224974977198243029970117

121127.42799177042985245525001224199016379884590

12.21127.62799204812974488325008225198575259986728

12.41127.82799351052982187625003349198702119901988

12.61128.02799352542975608825003724198373929935254

12.81128.22799202332984350725007600199067129936794

131128.42799178532980323124968485198191489934410

13.21128.62799705152976248625009101198913449920828

13.41128.82799018892975534425003099198203379951564

13.61129.02799359502984097025005474199050209935950

13.81129.22799532562974384225007350198568299903573

141129.42799181012983709125035340198362029967774

14.21129.62799023352987259724971106199040259869217

14.41129.82799729092973649924981973198132899972909

14.61130.02798866662980904325006475198561349903226

14.81130.22799491772978131424997100198983549965731

151130.42799355032980650925037468198544479885825

15.21130.62799401252980380824982847198305499956692

15.41130.82799023352983947824971106198874669902335

15.61131.02799695682969341625006725198397729969568

15.81131.22799155232982933724995726199138149932076

161131.42799234592975381025015731198137849940025

16.21131.62799690702984097025005474198553409902830

16.41131.82799026322980725425004974199046229935751

16.61132.02799350062978846124969983198700129935006

16.81132.22799365962972698325007100198235099936596

171132.42799338642983470525000224199008419933864

17.21132.62799213252976397525010351198592139937888

17.41132.82799201342982664725007350198568299936695

17.61133.02799663292979965625015155198498829900107

17.81133.22799053562976576124962160198604059971612

181133.42799655322981382724996601198814029932424

18.21133.62799030282975876625005975198557379903028

18.41133.82799391802978441125013604198617959955745

18.61134.02799034742979322725007100198400709920035

18.81134.22799856802979144024972480199051209919440

191134.42798811322984201225009030198284709947337

19.21134.62799693692975906324989664199056179969369

19.41134.82799062972980172125014229198457269873166

19.61135.02799541522979620725009601198420549970715

19.81135.22798861712982411225005224198717019902731

AFD_200ms


0207.4471026832929711908250580361977481510135834

0.2207.647105749322947547524758149196346969747057

0.412207.859103019162982918325059164198750809920977

0.612208.05998517712985335124753610199353499901444

0.812208.259102688432976308225224915199911189540086

1.012208.45997533522960779925633598197882109240017

1.212208.65996231843018180424948417201680699763782

1.424208.871957244529793823252891432005576410152092

1.624209.071972057429691634250714631993794010200806

1.824209.27193708982993389425016656199338549602687

2.024209.47198540372979397225090532203539709688423

2.224209.67198752322992258024859961203598559875232

2.436209.883996837229474589252024291952277510415458

2.6362010.08398814282974359624927021197794099550392

2.8362010.2831027285030172354248205311971724410074020

3.0362010.483101511782957586425137828196896439902780

3.2362010.68393252212989694125398341203998989497042

3.4482010.895996862129806509250540271978821010183890

3.6482011.09598871102997599824792303200888879671813

3.8482011.29599208283004404624926289197588469904266

4.0482011.495945585429576455257510571912699110300423

4.2482011.695100143492954311124824962199193379889365

4.462011.9071016748429475768251703191980506610266840

4.662012.107102507422972549724790567196569169787057

4.862012.307105976582952441324722349196387859918745

5.062012.5071000294029594791249742281992307410118868

5.262012.707100455002980842125012203200285099858026

5.4722012.919102833482988960425352345198877649405703

5.6722013.11997194562963854625532200197866279255836

5.8722013.31998198833023795525236935199875209886122

6.0722013.51999682222982187624788089198536539686728

6.2722013.719104066422945423624875938203601439781619

6.4842013.931104095253000392724906735195944019631707

6.6842014.131100093962943160324940632195382099561956

6.8842014.33199358502962539525485457205340919952410

7.0842014.531983678729046675248734931975637610449516

7.2842014.731100143023013664424856091198255069576859

7.4962014.943963599230133173253648472008326310165806

7.6962015.14397388862943197624943475198918429755449

7.8962015.343907515229891696251388341985603510151584

8.0962015.543100605063004092225135644204334519576227

8.3082015.75597376693014040524824432202205689986079

8.5082015.955991907529359189249807851977446510157897

8.7162016.163100654382962810424936311195951359821919

8.922016.367991924129559008249388612051742910416031

9.122016.567101405772962486025031131195780329859328

9.3322016.779103811472962021225232645197523279768543

9.5322016.979103685302963146924546583198757769821946

9.7322017.1791011821029576307248566841973961810118210

9.9322017.379102011132972564524856932198888589836787

10.1322017.57997776982964548025771888199302609434072

10.3442017.79197385463010999425041975195433409324492

10.5442017.991998622930091175248248052015462810118716

10.7442018.19198038142974265225105713199885199803814

10.9442018.39197685432976922325166418197192139950669

11.1442018.591999867929746070251841732016921010092416

11.3562018.803101527013006060824247234198085339755205

11.5562019.0031018348329623173249039981983709410266276

11.7562019.203971882429288928250172811938797910033403

11.9562019.4031002155530346265251284301987746610120943

12.1562019.60398738822976225525075285198571269905128

12.3682019.815101158832976818224801299204138869619195

12.5682020.015104350432976471924547197197437649838755

12.7682020.215100023402967581625221132199549999687696

12.9682020.4151008483829459650246407871977224410432591

13.1682020.615100749872975635925554543195564109934406

13.382020.82795734512987976725076479193125329954401

13.582021.027978696029410560250718401990512010399680

13.782021.2271025064029708640250387201977264010118160

13.982021.427105638012942300024853080196042959702801

14.182021.627104047772991764024965216199815469967339

14.3922021.83998875062977845324611113198246989937192

14.5922022.039101181602974176025270560199382409621360

14.7922022.23997686412963706525696494198021959238817

14.9922022.439100870572997959525027165199091019772354

15.1922022.639981106529995613251681941951277110045405

15.4042022.851996727630150182247691771966964110364642

15.6042023.05197624412954213624748506200504319985401

15.8122023.259100518192974146225021909197227629935900

16.0122023.459101846032982515624890177196902339869957

16.2122023.65998404072972427825694397202431239590492

16.4242023.871101000342935632925399103195874439321835

16.6242024.0711005528830000210248648891958047910386599

16.8242024.27198357543000401925102700197046269769520

17.0242024.471104338952979456824842608198409639837672

17.2242024.67198423102976127225371289197627349967292

17.4362024.88399025822995614124789576197223689836344

17.6362025.083103652642937376825151496201178859802294

17.8362025.283968905329315597247609141964310610434365

18.0362025.483986980930238711243598812007082010101650

18.2362025.68395298563001123525230685200908119982915

18.4482025.895976795829618435249165701994981210032851

18.6482026.09594381672992399225017395198607809906951

18.862026.30796876962975861725038970204021249555215

19.062026.50799345093006844924902504203657459984182

19.262026.707993623429464996252155381974748410326809

19.4722026.919101524982969564324776733196425179556266

19.6722027.11997205253042011125087898201365579886122

19.8722027.31995865622935574225034338200506519950818

20.0722027.519948759929936438251678021985275910232698

IOS_48ms


03617.719992648729848395249540851985297410064354

0.0483617.767100164772991127325006653197566379809239

0.0963617.81599166312974989424998175198849129813333

0.163617.879996235829817893250442621985553410100724

0.2083617.92797851562983783724945259200526809922976

0.2563617.975100857662977373625007175196188889947605

0.3043618.02399207052976211625008445198414119989599

0.3523618.07198828532971767225087244199039299744632

0.43618.119991802329891821250016841990492210055773

0.4483618.16799538332979237824953708197694209884710

0.4963618.21599856522988809125067431199024399916786

0.5443618.26398863602972821724888740198418569955496

0.5923618.31197755973001521525058574198954069844439

0.643618.35999588222959983224897055199176449958822

0.6883618.407100052082973961925116523198724149936207

0.7363618.45599355862987575524976959198021749935586

0.7843618.503100033322980303224973837197307119865355

0.8323618.5511000500029601000249780002007900010005000

0.883618.59998690562981421124983204198071269938070

0.9283618.6471000541629809242249790401987282810074419

0.9763618.69597975912966876325114953199401699935586

1.0243618.74399364142994724724979040198728289867411

1.0723618.791100047912980737924977479197335889866794

1.123618.83998672052980862124978520198724149936207

1.1683618.88798672052994662324978520200794189867205

1.2163618.935100010412952031424968116197951649932068

1.2643618.98399384843009152225053263198079519869467

1.3123619.03199306202965393725033440198612419999583

1.363619.079993351629731567249717571986703310002499

1.4083619.12798672052987762224978520198034129936207

1.4563619.175100110482961889424993099197459299942006

1.5043619.22399328952993664424970196200037489863917

1.5523619.27199382772967680025121757198765559869261

1.63619.31999250412991297125019374198500829925041

1.6483619.367994553129836593249328941975292910083663

1.6963619.41597808832989368625003244199750439918642

1.7443619.46399530032965165424951625199060069883884

1.7923619.51198723473010030424991537198137329734272

1.843619.5591006414529503111249535661978362810064145

1.8883619.60798768762969969925141141198228229945945

1.9363619.65599287602992418024959800199954209928760

1.9843619.7031008009029618894249930991981497110011048

2.0323619.751100630982970681724950969199194209994172

2.083619.79997967752994225724974878198005249865766

2.1283619.847987049529818560249868491994806410008544

2.1763619.89598768762969969925141141199609609945945

2.2243619.94399229762990674725014168197770429785156

2.2723619.991994739829842194249375741975663710085556

2.323620.03999914692990550224944221199829399646936

2.3683620.087986473929801170251102451979846210071691

2.4163620.135100100052954677324852426198819409940970

2.4643620.18398758472983472625138519198898179944908

2.5123620.23199256602977698224952008198513219994588

2.563620.279100687552972351924964997198616559999791

2.6083620.32798731702989568425062664197463419804127

2.6563620.37598791432970651424939654199655409948228

2.7043620.42399200862996692824937995199090629920086

2.7523620.47199519642964856125018133198348189951964

2.83620.51999184363003082025071602196991169918436

2.8483620.56799451162976628525000917198211699945116

2.8963620.61597373172983348224999353200961659806376

2.9443620.6631000541629533230249790401980382510074419

2.9923620.71199351722994350424975918198703449866177

3.043620.7591007358029806758249769591980217410004583

3.0883620.80799370352946606925118616198740709799020

3.1363620.85598647393000812324972277199364319933723

3.1843620.9031004094829778977249648241973802810040948

3.2323620.95198888372994312424964129199159819957990

3.283620.99999461532963124825003524198923069946153

3.3283621.04798628902986455624967596197947529931861

3.3763621.09599382772981483225121757198765559938277

3.4243621.14398645332980054924971757199360159795551

3.4723621.191100118832969041224995184198166239942835

3.523621.23998663833001312424976438198707589866383

3.5683621.2871003448929759820248800341986279010034489

3.6163621.33599598622960292325037986198505589890696

3.6643621.38398071942990503525139568201669069945323

3.7123621.431993206829727232250370891958824610070013

3.763621.479100742092980862124909518198034129936207

3.8083621.52798713182975201624988932199497289940348

3.8563621.57599997912986144724964997198616559792899

3.9043621.62398616582986082525033440199991679930620

3.9523621.671994138429755117249224991960662010010422

43621.71998756412990316525137995198894039875641

4.0483621.76799244212984218424948892199866829924421

4.0963621.81599302592968733724929087198087989930259

4.163621.8791009229229585623250233541997720810023166

4.2083621.92798982622990100225089346197965259967000

4.2563621.97599080772986280625012698198161549838789

4.3043622.02399362072980862124978520197344119936207

4.3523622.071972778429873265249748782014548110003749

4.43622.119100744192987824424979040195968169798408

4.4483622.167986515029871399249733172000624810003124

4.4963622.21599384842967741925122280197389349662415

4.5443622.263999666929714238249572022006228110065611

4.5923622.31197980002980800024978000198720009936000

4.643622.3591007672929954112249847661967032710076729

4.

Documents

Bandwidth partitioning (jointly with R. Pan, C. Psounis, C. Nair, B. Yang, L. Breslau and S. Shenker)