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Dressings and Bandages DR. EYAD ABOU ASALI

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Goal: To educate healthcare professionals on effectivewound care protocols, in order to ensure optimalcare for our terminally ill patients.

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External Bleeding: Three types– Capillary (oozing)– Venous (flowing)– Arterial (spurting)

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Care for External Bleeding • Wear gloves.• Expose wound.• Cover with clean cloth or gauze.• Apply direct pressure.• Elevate the area.

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• DO NOT remove blood-soaked dressings.• Apply a pressure bandage.• Apply pressure at a pressure point if needed.

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Wound Care • Wash with soap and water.• Flush with water.• Remove small objects.• Apply direct pressure.• Apply antibiotic ointment.• Cover wound.• Seek medical care.

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Wound Infection:• Signs of Infection – Swelling– Reddening– Warmth– Throbbing– Pus discharge• Seek medical care for infected wounds.• Tetanus booster shot every 5 to10 years

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Wounds That Require Medical Attention Arterial bleedingUncontrolled bleedingDeep woundsLarge or deeply embeddedobjectsForeign matter in woundHuman or animal bitePossibility of noticeable scarCut eyelidSlit lipInternal bleedingUncertain how to treatNeed a tetanus shot

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Dressings Dressings: • Sterile covering placed over wound or injured part• Used to control bleeding, absorb blood and secretions,prevent infection and ease pain• Dressings are held in place with tape or a bandage

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Dressings

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Dressings Types of materials– Gauze pads in a variety of sizes– Compresses with thick absorbent material– Avoid fluff cotton because loose cotton fibers maycontaminate the wound– Handkerchief or pillowcase may be used inemergency

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Bandages Bandages: • Materials used to hold dressings in place, to securesplints and to support and protect body parts• Apply snugly enough to control bleeding and preventmovement of dressing, but not so tightly that theyinterfere with circulation

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Bandages

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Bandages Types of materials – Roller gauze bandages• Come in variety of widths• Common ones are 1-, 2-, and 3-inch widths• Used to hold dressings in place on almost any partof the body

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Bandages – Triangular bandages • Used to secure dressings on head/scalp or as asling• At times used as covering for large body part suchas hand, foot or shoulder – Elastic bandages • Readily conform or mold to injured part• Can be hazardous if applied too tightly or stretchedduring application because they can cut off orconstrict circulation• Used to provide support or stimulate circulation

Applying Dressings Applying dressings: • Obtain correct size: should be large enough to extend atleast 1 inch beyond edges of wound• Prevent infection by avoiding contamination of dressing• Open package taking care

Applying Dressings • Pick up dressing with pinching action so you handle onlyone side or outside of dressing• Place dressing on wound with untouched side againstwound• Secure dressing in place with tape or bandage wrap

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Methods of Wrapping Bandages Methods of wrapping bandages• Several methods are used• Method used depends on body part involved

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Methods of Wrapping Bandages Circular bandage: – Frequently used to hold dressings on body parts suchas arms, legs, chest or abdomen– Triangular bandage folded down to form strip ofbandage or cravat– Strips of cloth or gauze bandage can also be used– Example – pressure bandage

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Methods of Wrapping Bandages Spiral wrap bandage: – Used to hold dressings in place on arm or leg or usedto provide support to a limb– Spiral wrap is started at bottom of limb and moves upin direction of blood flow to the heart– Spiral motion is used to encircle the limb and thebandage is overlapped about one-half its width oneach turn– At top of limb or stopping point, end with one or twocircular wraps around limb– Secure end with tape, pins or clips

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Methods of Wrapping Bandages Figure eight wrap: – Used to hold bandages or provide support to jointssuch as ankle or wrist– Elastic bandage is used if support is provided– Anchor bandage on instep of foot– Make one or two circular turns around instep of foot

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Methods of Wrapping Bandages – Form a figure eight • Carry bandage up over foot in diagonal direction• Wrap bandage around back of ankle• Come down over top of the foot• Circle under the instep – Repeat figure eight pattern while moving downwardand backward toward heel with each successive turn– Overlap previous turn by one-half to two-thirds widthof bandage– End by circling ankle with one or two circular turns– Secure in place with tape, clips or pins

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Methods of Wrapping Bandages Recurrent wrap to finger: – Used to hold dressing or splint on finger– Fold bandage backward and forward over finger threeto four times to form a recurrent wrap– Start at bottom of finger and use spiral wrap up anddown the finger to hold recurrent wraps in position– Use a figure eight around the wrist to hold bandage inplace– End with one or two circular wraps around the wrist– Tie, tape or pin bandage at the wrist

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Checkpoints for Circulation • Important to check circulation after bandage applied tomake sure bandage is not too tight• Signs of poor or impaired circulation– Swelling or edema– Pale or cyanotic color– Coldness to touch– Numbness or tingling– Poor or slow return to pink color after nailbeds areblanched• Loosen bandages immediately if any signs of impairedcirculation are noted

Head Bandages

Four-tailed Bandage

.Barton Bandage.Triangular Bandage.

Sweatband.

Old-fashioned

Toothache.Head Tubular

Bandage Retainer.

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Head Bandages – Four Tailed Bandage A piece of roller bandage. It is good for bandaging anyprotruding part of the body. It is created by splitting the clothfrom each end.It is used to hold a compress onthe chin.

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Head Bandages - Barton Bandage For fractures of the lower jaw.To retain compresses to the chin.Initial end of the roller is appliedjust behind the right mastoidprocess.

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Head Bandages - Triangular Bandage To retain compresses on the forehead or scalp. Place the middle of the base on the forehead, justabove the eyebrows.

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Head Bandages - Triangular Bandage

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Head Bandages - Sweatband If a wound only affects theforehead Use a square of sterilegauze pad over the wound. Circle the head at leastthree times.

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Head Bandages – Old Fashioned Toothache For Ears and cheeks Wrap the two ends in theopposite direction.

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Head Bandages – Head Tubular Bandage Retainer Tubular elastic stretch netapplying gentle pressure tokeep bandages Ideal for securing burn orpost-op dressingsAllows maximum air-flow.

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Elastic Bandages • Gauze, cotton cloth, or elastic wrapping• Length and width vary and are used according to bodypart and size.• Should be stored rolled• Should be free from wrinkles, seams, and imperfectionsthat could cause irritation.

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Elastic bandages may be used toprovide support for a varietyscenarios: • Ankle and foot spica• Spiral bandage(spica)• Shoulder spica• Elbow

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Triangle Bandages • First aid device• Application is easy and fast• Primarily used for slings – Cervical arm sling– Shoulder arm sling– Sling and swathe

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Triangle Bandages - Cervical ArmSling • Provides support for forearm, wrist,and hand injuries.

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Triangle Bandages - Shoulder ArmSling • Provides support for theforearm • May be used if the cervicalarm sling is causingirritation

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Triangle Bandages - Sling and Swathe • Combination ofcervical and shoulderarm slings• Provides support forthe upper extremity• Used in instances of – Shoulder dislocations – Upper extremityfractures

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Non-Elastic White Tape • Great adaptability due to: – Adhesive mass– Adhering qualities– Lightness– Relative strength • Utilized to – Hold dressings in place– Provide support to a joint– Protect injured areas

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