Baluchistan Conflict with Federal Government

7/29/2019 Baluchistan Conflict with Federal Government

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GROUP MEMBERS

Afshan Ameen (GN 06003)

Erum Ali (GN 06004)

Hussain Maqbool (GN 06025)

Sahreen Siraj (GN 0603

Salima Kerai (GN 06019)

Riaz Shaheen (GN 06033)2/4/2013 2


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OBJECTIVES

Discuss brief history of Baluchistan.

Portray strategic importance of Baluchistan.

List down a few conflicts of Baluchistan with the federalGovernment.

Categorize and discuss the conflicts in terms of economic,

political and social conflicts.

Discuss about the present demands of Baluchistan Nationalists.

Ponder over the possible solution.

Summarize the content.

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HISTORY

Worlds first civilized nation

Separation through Durand line, 1893

Sovereignty of Baluchistan at the time of Independence. Attack on Baluchistan in 1948 to forcefully join Pakistan.

Baluchistan is a province straddling Pakistan, Iran and

Afghanistan inhabited by twelve million Baloch people.

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National flag- BERAK Considered as national and international flag of Baluchistan

NationalBaluchistan province

InternationalIran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Pakistan

Five dimension of star represents balochi

Language

Secularism

Culture

Heroic history

Three different colors represents: Red- martyrs of heroes

Blue- marine and celestial frontiers

Green- spring of freedom

White- heroism, manliness and generosity2/4/2013 5


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STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE

The Baloch country is strategically situated at the tri-

junction of South Asia, South West Asia and Central

Asia.

Balochistan the largest administrative province ofPakistan (43% landmass of Pakistan) shares a 1,173

km border with the Iranian province of Balochistan

(Sistan-Baluchistan) and shares an 832 km border

with Afghanistan the west.

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GEOPOLITICS of BALOCHISTAN

Establishment of military garrisons in Baluchistan.

The province has been a source of constant conflict and

instability for decades because of its geo-political

position and natural wealth. Balochistan will be the future passageway to the

emerging energy-hungry India, China, and Asian Pacific

markets.

Politically its geographical location with neighboring Iranhas enhanced its importance for the US. Its vast border

with Afghanistan makes Balochistan a key player in War

on Terrorism.

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BALOCHISTAN CONFLICT

Unfair allocation of

resources

Target Killings

Fake Provincial

Autonomy

Lack of Adequate

Health Services

Loss of Cultural Identity

Lack of Satisfactory

Educational Services

Army Actions by

Dictators as well as

DemocratsUnfair NFC award

Imprisonment of Baloch

Leaders

Baluchistan Package

Unjust Selling of Balochproperty

Land Occupation by

Foreigners

Economical Political Social &Cultural

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UNFAIR DISTRIBUTION OFRESOURCES Baloch people not allowed to avail

the resources that are producedby themselves.

The ownership over resources andinvestment is not handed toBaloch people. (Unjustinvolvement of FederalGovernment)

UNFAIR NFC AWARD

Nationalists conflict of resourcesallocated on the basis ofpopulation.

Unjust distribution of land (sons ofthe land are not the land owners)

ECONOMICAL

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SUPERPOWER CONFLICT

Countrys principal energy

source

50 percent of Pakistans totalenergy production.

Exploited by the centralgovernment without adequatecompensation to the province.

Baluchistan produces 36-45%but consumes only 17% of it.

Transit site for gas pipelines

threat of Baloch militant attacksto disrupt gas supplies.

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Tough feet, with sandals to

match, propel an elderlyBaluchi named Jumaa ashe collects branches touse and sell for firewoodin the backcountry of

Balochistan. The poorestand least developedregion in Pakistan,Balochistan also holdsvast reserves of naturalgas, a potential source of

incomeand conflict

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GAWADAR

Gawadar is transport corridor

link Pakistan by road, rail, air, and, to some

extent, pipeline with both Chinas Xinjiang

province and, via Afghanistan, with the energy-rich Central Asian Republics (CARs).

Port and corridor without consultation with,

involvement of, or benefit to the Baloch.

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POLITICALARMY ACTIONS ON BALOCHISTAN

First conflict 1948

led by Prince Abdul

Karim Khan.

started guerrilla

warfare against

the Pakistan army

Mir Ahmed Yaarsigned an agreement

for Kalat.

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Second conflict1958-59 led by Nawab Nowroz

Khan took up arms in

resistance to theOne Unit policy

started a guerilla

war againstPakistan

were charged withtreason andarrested

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Third conflict 1963-69 led by Sher Mohammad

Bijarani Marri in response

of second conflict Bijarani Marri start a

guerrilla warfare bycreating its own posts ofinsurgency

The insurgents bombedrailway tracks andambushed convoys.

This insurgency ended in1969 when YahyaKhan abolished the "One

Unit" policy

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Sher

Mohammad

Bijarani Marri

Yahya Khan


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Fourth conflict 1973-77 led by Nawab Khair

Baksh Marri.

Demandedrepresentation for theethnic Baloch in thegovernment.

Citing treason, Bhuttodismissed the provincial

government ofBalochistan and imposedgovernor rule.

In response KhairBakhsh Marri formed theBalochistan Peoples

Liberation Front (BPLF)for war a ainst

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BALOCHISTANLIBERATION ARMY

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POLITICAL


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Fifth conflict 2004 lead by Akbar Bugti and

Mir Balach Marri

They presented a 15-

point agenda to the Pakgovernment. greater control of the

province's resources.

protection for the Balochminority.

halt to the building ofmilitary bases.

protection of tribalsystem.

detained by government

security forces.

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OLI ICAL


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Balochi leaderstarget killingAugust 2006

Nawab Akbar Khan

BugtiApril 2009 Baloch

NationalMovement presidentGhulam Mohammed

Baloch and two othernationalist leaders(Lala Munir and SherMuhammad)

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SOCIAL

Baluchistan ranks highest in Pakistan for infant and maternalmortality rate.

Lack of health and educational institutions further endangers

the lives of thousands of people in Balochistan.

As compared to the 75% in country only 25% population inprovince have access to electricity.

Contributes Rs 85 billion through gas revenues but receives

only Rs 7 billion.

The highest unemployment is also recorded in the provincedue to lack of basic infrastructure.

Literacy Rate is below 1o% that contributes to further

deterioration of social conditions.

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BALOCHISTANS PRESENT DEMANDS

The Baloch Nationalists Alliance presented their draft demands to a

Pakistan Parliamentary Committee on Balochistan inNovember 2004.

1. Proposal of a serious and urgent resolution aimed at creating a

confidence-building environment.

2. Equal well-head prices and a 30% royalty for Balochistan.

3. Agreement of the rights of the provinces on natural resources.

4. Equal representation in Federal services.

5. Development projects must be linked with local ownership and

benefit.

6. Gwadar Port must be placed under the control of the provincialgovernment, ending the practice of allocating coastal lands on

Islamabads own choice

7. Maximum constitutional reforms need to be adopted to ensure

provincial autonomy.

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BALOCHISTAN PACKAGE(Aghaaz-e-Huqooq-e-Balochistan)

Set of proposals for debate in and approval of the

joint sitting of the parliament.

The proposals were presented in the parliament

on Tuesday, November 24, 2009. The document consists of a total of 39 clauses.

The proposals can be characterized as follows:

1. Constitutional matters2. Political matters

3. Administrative matters

4. Economic matters

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Islamabad has to take actions to restore

the confidence of the traumatized peopleof Baluchistan.

TRUE DEMOCRACY [For, By and

From the PEOPLE].

Formation of a high-level judicialcommission to enquire in all the

incidences that have occurred in past with

local people and nationalists.

Islamabad should:

end its reliance on military, withdraw

all armed forces from province, and

respect the provincial assembly

resolution regarding construction of

cantonments.

RECOMMENDATIONS2/4/2013

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Acceptance of this issue as a majorproblem of present and future.

The Pakistan government must respect

constitutional and democratic

freedoms, allowing all political parties

to function freely.

Law and Order situation should be

identical for all.

Stop Military actions on the religious

parties and bring an end to the war

between establishment and local

people.

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The international

community must ensure

that the Pakistan

government abides bynational and international

law in relation to how it

treats Baluchistan and the

Baloch people.

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REFERENCES

Hamid.S. (2009)The Aghaaz-e-Huquooq-e-

Baluchistan Package: An Analysis. Pakistan

Institute of legislative Development and

Transparency.

Wirsing, R. G. (2008). Baloch nationalism

and the geopolitics of energy resources: The

changing context of separatism in Pakistan. p.1-55

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to Thank

Miss Huma Ghaffar

All our classmates

for their constant endless support and guidance

through out our presentation

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POLL

Who do you think is responsible forcreating a rift between the Baloch groups/

tribes?

1. Policies of the central government

2. Mistrust to each other

3. Egoism

4. All of the above

Documents

Baluchistan Conflict with Federal Government