Day 141: The Stormy 60’sBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

April 16, 2012A Course U.S. History

Mr. Green

1. This Republican lost to John F. Kennedy in the 1960 Presidential Election.

2. This Presidential action failed in April 1961 and resulted in JFK appearing weak and indecisive.

3. This leader of the Soviet Union in the early 1960s was able to manipulate JFK on 2 separate occasions.

4. This was built in August 1961 to prevent a loss of population and also demonstrated the iron curtain that Churchill spoke about after WWII.

5. Kennedy was able to avert nuclear disaster in October 1962 during this event.

Reading Check

The students will be able to analyze to what extent the federal government should provide benefits to the indigent by summarizing the views of writers on poverty

Objective

Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to

wage war against both Germany and Japan.Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and

the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production.

Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles.

Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them.

AP FocusEarly in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable

military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely.

Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

The Stormy 60s

CHAPTER THEMESUnified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively

carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society.

Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

Chapter Focus

Describe LBJ’s War on Poverty.What is the difference between Medicaid and

Medicare?What impact did the War on Poverty have on

the United States?

Warm-up

November 22, 1963-JFK assassinatedCivil Rights Act of 1964

banned racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public

Title VII-empowered the EEOCAffirmative Action-executive order in 1965Great Society-War on Poverty

meant to transform American way of lifeeducation, medical care for elderly/indigent,

immigration reform, voting rights billMedicare-April 1965Medicaid-April 1965DOTHUD-Robert C. Weaver

Immigration and Nationality Actabolished the “national origins” quota since 1921

doubled the number annually and limited immigrants from the Western Hemisphere

family unification provisionHead Start

education for underprivileged youth

Democrats nominate Lyndon B. Johnsonwon a Senate seat in 1948 by 87 votes

Republicans nominate Barry Goldwater486-52 Electoral vote43,129,566 to 27,178,188 popular voteConservatism versus LiberalismAugust 1964-U.S. Navy cooperating with South

Vietnam gunboats in provocative raids along the coast of North Vietnam

Irony: LBJ painted Goldwater as a trigger-happy cowboy who would lead us into a nuclear war.

Presidential Election of 1964

In groups of 2, you will read your assigned document(s)If you are a 1, you will read the first selectionIf you are a 2, you will read the second and third

selectionIn your group of 2, you will discuss the following

questions and note your conversation on paper to be submitted at the end of class

1. What is the purpose for writing this document2. Does the author support the war on poverty? How do

you know? What evidence does the author cite?3. Is it the role of the government to provide healthcare,

early education, and other benefits to those in need? Why?

Independent Group Work

In Mississippilargest African-American minority population of any state, 5% of eligible African-Americans were registeredLaw required names of prospective black registrants to be published for 2 weeks in local newspapers

Freedom Summer of 1964June 1964-James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner killed and buried beneath an earthern dam

FBI investigated and no one was convicted at the state level, only violations of civil rights

Integrated Mississippi Freedom Democratic party denied seats at the National Democratic convention

Civil Rights Movement

In AlabamaAfrican-Americans made up 50% of population, but only 1% of the voters2 deaths occurred during a peaceful march to Montgomery, the state capital

LBJ said, “and we shall overcome”Voting Rights Act of 1965

outlawed literacy tests, sent federal voter registrars into southern statespassed 100 years after the end of the Civil War

Voting Rights Act symbolized the end of the non-violent demonstrations led by MLK

Watts riot erupted 5 days after the VRA signed into lawBlacks cited police brutality as the sparkburned and looted their own neighborhoods for a week

31 African-Americans dead, 3 CaucasiansMilitant confrontationOpposition to MLK’s approachMalcolm X (Malcolm Little)

“blue-eyed white devils”Elijah Muhammed-separatist preaching’sassassinated in early 1965 in NYC

Black Power

Black Panther partyguns and butter in Oakland, CA

Stokely Carmichael-former leader of SNCCBlack Power-”will smash everything Western civilization has created”

RiotsNewark, NJ 1967-25 deadDetroit, MI 1967-43 dead

White Americans threatened retaliation Northern riots difficult to understand

Focus on economic demands now, instead of civil rightsMLK assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN by

James Earl Ray125 cities experienced riots including D.C. and

BaltimoreBlack mayors in Gary, IN and Cleveland, OH by the late

1960’s

Dominican Republic (April 1965)target of a Castro-like coup by “Communist conspirators”dispatched American troops

Vietcong attacked American air base at Pleiku, S. Vietnam in February 1965

March 1965-”Operation Rolling Thunder”184,000 troops by the end of 1965

Corrupt and collapsing Saigon governmentsU.S. commitment, treaty pledges to resist communist

expansion500,000 troops by 1968

Combating communism in 2 Hemispheres

Many countries expelled American Peace Corps volunteersCharles de Gaulle withdrew from NATO in 1966

wanted all American troops out of FranceIsrael attacked by Egypt, Jordan and Syria

Israel won the 6-day war June 1967Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip and the West Bank

William Fulbright lead hearings on Vietnam“credibility gap”aim of the warcabinet members pushed out

LBJ utilized the CIA to spy on domestic antiwar activistsencouraged the FBI as well

Vietnam Vexations

Tet Offensive-late January 1968Opposition grewLBJ suffering through agony

Military requested 200,000 more troopsEugene McCarthy won 41.4% in the New

Hampshire March primary, second to LBJRFK entered the 1968 raceMarch 31, 1968-LBJ would not run, freeze

troop levels, and scale back the bombing

Vietnam Topples Johnson

RFK assassinated on June 5, 1968Chicago Riots at the Democratic convention in August of 1968Hubert H. Humphrey won the nomination for the DemocratsRepublicans nominate Richard M. Nixon

MD governor Spiro T. Agnew 3rd party-American Independent Party

George Wallace of ALCurtis LeMay-former Air force general

bombing them back to the Stone Age301 for Nixon-31,785,480191 for Humphrey-31,275,16646 for Wallace-9,906,473

1968 Election

1. Begin 1960’s chart2.

Class Discussion

Read Chapter 38Prepare for 5 question reading check on

Wednesday

Homework