Ballyhaise N.S.

Presents

A 5th/6th Class Production of

19th Century Ireland

ContentsThe Act of Union (by Caitlin and Lauren)

Robert Emmet (by Ailbhe, Mark and Aiden)Daniel O’Connell (by Rachel Smith and Conor Smith)

The Young Irelanders (by Jarlaith and Katie)The Fenians (by Donal, Glory and Emma Colwell)

The Famine (by Emma Smith, Shauna and Michelle)Michael Davitt (by Conor Greenan, Elaine and Cónall)

Charles Stewart Parnell (by Rachel O’Hanlon and Jade)The Cultural Revival (by Eoin, Robbie and Martyna)

ACT OF UNION1800

(BY CAITLIN AND LAUREN)

THE ACT OF UNION • The Irish Rebellion of 1798 brought the issue

of Ireland to the attention of the British Cabinet and William Pitt the younger , the British Prime Minister

• He decided that the best solution was a Union.

THE ACT OF UNION

• The Act of Union was passed in the summer of 1800.

• It united the Britain and Ireland to create the U.K.

• The union came into affect on the 1st of January 1801.

For the current union flag they combined the English , Scottish and Irish flags together.

The Act of Union

• For most Irish, there wasn't a noticeable difference, but it meant the Irish government representatives could not pass laws on their own.

19th Century Ireland

Robert Emmet(by Ailbhe and Aiden)

Robert Emmet• Robert Emmet was born in 1778.• He came from a wealthy Protestant family

who sympathised with Irish Catholics.• Robert was put in jail because of a rebellion

against the British in 1803.

Robert Emmet• While he was in jail, Emmet wrote a letter to

his sweetheart ,Sarah Curran. • He then gave it to a prison warden to post.• But the warden gave it to the government.

That letter nearly cost Sarah her life.

Robert Emmet• Robert and Sarah had dreamed of running

away together.• However, Robert was found guilty of high

treason and he was given the death penalty.• A day later, he was hung, drawn and quartered

in Thomas Street.

19th CenturyDaniel O’ Connell

6th August 1775-15th May

By Rachel Smith and Conor Smith

Often referred to as “ The Liberator” or “ The Emancipator”, Daniel O Connell was an Irish political leader in the first half of the 19th century.

The Liberator

Born – 6th August 1775 Caheriveenn, Ireland

Died -15th May 1847 [aged 71 ]Genoa, Italy

Resting place - Glasnevin Cemetery Dublin, Ireland

Political party - Radicals Repeal Association

Occupation - Barrister , political activist

Personal details

Wife - Mary O’Connell [m 1802]

Children - Maurice , Ellen , Catherine , Timothy James , Elizabeth , John , Richard & Daniel jnr.

Religion – Roman Catholicism

Personal details

• Daniel did well at school and in 1790 his uncle sent him and his brother to study in France

• Daniel experienced the violence of the French Revolution and this gave him a hatred of violence

EARLY LIFE

• In 1811 O Connell established the Catholic Board , which campaigned for Catholic Emancipation , that is the opportunity for Irish Catholics to become Members of Parliament.

MID - LIFE

As a result of his campaigning, Catholics were allowed to become judges as well as Members of Parliament.

O’Connell Street in Dublin is named after Daniel.

Achievements

The Young Irelanders

By Jarlaith and Katie

The Young Irelanders

• The Young Irelanders - Irish nationalist movement of the 1840s.

• Begun by a group of Irish journalists who founded and wrote for the Nation newspaper.

The Young Irelanders

• The movement supported the study of Irish history and the revival of the Irish (Gaelic) language as a means of achieving independence.

The Young Irelanders

• The Irish flag was first used as a symbol of the Young Ireland movement.

• It is not known whether the flag was a gift from France or whether the Young Irelanders had been inspired by the French flag.

• The Young Irelanders rebellion took place on the 29th of July 1848 in the village of Ballingarry, South Tipperary.

• The rebels took hostages but retreated after police reinforcements arrived.

• The rebellion had failed.

The Battle of Ballingarry

The Aftermath• These Young Irelanders were eventually caught.• Seven Young Irelanders were eventually

imprisoned on Van Deimans Land [Tasmania].• Four of them escaped to America and three were

allowed to return to Ireland.

The Young Irelanders

• The rebellion ended the Young Irelanders.

The FamineBy : Emma , Shauna , Michelle

Blight • September 1845 - a strange disease struck

potatoes in fields across Ireland.• Nearly half of the potato harvest was destroyed by

the strange disease known as “blight”.

• As a result, there was a lack of food and people began to get sick.

Blight• In the years after the Famine scientists discovered

that the blight was caused by a fungus.• The worst period of disease was in 1849 when

cholera struck causing many more people to be sick and die.

Emigration • Many people left Ireland.• Emigration caused the population to drop by 3

million.

Emigration • People emigrated on coffin ships from Ireland.• They were called coffin ships because many people

died on them.• When people died, the crew threw them

overboard.A Coffin Ship

Workhouses• Workhouses were places where the very poor

lived• Once they entered the workhouse, people had to

wear a uniform and were given a very basic diet.

A Workhouse

Workhouses • The main food they were given was called

stirabout, which was similar to a weak oatmeal porridge.

• Men, women, girls and boys were all forced to stay in different parts of the building.

Soup Kitchens • Summer 1847 - the government set up some soup

kitchens.• By August 1847, 3 million people were being fed

each day.

Crimes

A large number of woman/children were charged with begging and stealing food.Cells were usually VERY crowded.

There were more crimes as people got fed better in prisons.

The Famine : The Facts The Famine (also known as the Gorta Mór)

lasted from 1845 to 1849.

90,000 evictions occurred during the Famine and over 1 million people died due to fever and starvation.

Fenians19th century

(by Donal, Glory and Emma Colwell)

Secret Society• The Fenians - a secret revolutionary society

organized in 1858 in Ireland and the United States.

About the Fenians• The Fenians were from Ireland. They were

mainly farmers and middle class people.• The Fenians were also called the Irish Republic

Brotherhood (IRB).

James Stephens• In Ireland the movement was led by James

Stephens (1825-1901).• In 1863 Stephens founded the newspaper

‘The Irish People’ which promoted Fenian ideals and helped to attract new recruits.

The Spread of the Fenians

• The Fenians spread throughout the country.• From America, there came promises of

money and arms, but little arrived.

The Fenian Rising• In February 1867, there was an unsuccessful

rising in Kerry. • In March, other failed risings took place in

Cork City, Limerick and Dublin. • The largest of these took place in Tallaght

where several hundred Fenians were involved.

Emigration

• As a result, vast numbers of embittered Irish men emigrated to the United States, Australia and South America where they redoubled their agitation against England.

The Fenian movement.

• The Fenians movement continued until World War 1, but its influence was largely drawn off into new a organization - Sinn Féin (founded by Arthur Griffith, a former Fenian).

Michael Davitt (25 March 1846 - 31 May 1906)

by Connor Greenan, Elaine and Cónall

Early LifeDavitt was evicted from his

home aged 9.He was forced to leave his

home in Mayo and move to Great Britain.

A Bad Accident• When he was 11, he lost his right arm in a factory

accident.

Davitt in the FeniansDavitt joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians) in 1860s.They tried to start a revolution but it failed badly.

Davitt in prison

Davitt was arrested in London in 1870. He was jailed until 1877 and he then

emigrated to America.

Land League• Michael Davitt founded the Land League in

Castlebar, Co. Mayo, along with Charles Stewart Parnell on the 16th of August 1879

• Land League meetings were held every Sunday.

Aims of the Land League

The “Three F’s” i.e. • Fair Rent• Fixity of Tenure (meaning that a tenant could

not be evicted if he had paid the rent) and• Free Sale (that Irish owners be able to sell

their land to whom they liked for a fair price)

More Rights• It was mainly through Michael Davitt’s efforts

that “the three F’s” were finally granted to the Land League.

Death• He died on 30th of May 1906.

Charles Stewart Parnell19th Century

(27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891)

(by Rachel O’Hanlon and Jade)

Who was he?• A Protestant landlord, Charles Stewart Parnell led

the Irish members of the British House of Commons in the fight for an Irish parliament.

• He failed to win Home Rule, but his work helped Ireland on its journey to freedom.

Who was he?• He joined the Irish Parliamentary Party and

became its leader.• The members of his party spoke for hours in the

House of Commons to keep the British leaders from doing what they wanted.

Uncrowned King• Parnell travelled to America to raise money for

the nationalist movement in Ireland. • He raised £26,000 and many referred to

Parnell as the "Uncrowned King of Ireland".

Did you know?Parnell’s friend, Joe Biggar MP (for Cavan) made

the longest speech EVER in the House of Commons which lasted over 41 hours!

Lavey Joe Biggars GFC is named after him.

DownfallIn 1889, Parnell and his partner, Kitty O’ Shea were

involved in a divorce scandal in the newspapers.

DownfallSome people thought that Parnell had not

behaved as he should have.Not long after, he became ill and died (on the 6th

of October 1891).

Parnell• Parnell brought the whole issue of Home Rule

to the attention of those in Britain. • He helped to create a political party with

members working together as a team.• He gained the support of

Britain's most important politician at that time - William Gladstone

The Cultural Revivalby Eoin, Robbie and Martyna

Literacy

• The culture of Ireland underwent a massive change in the 19th century.

• Irish people could only speak English and speaking Irish was prohibited.

Literacy

• This process was started in the 1820’s.

• Irish nationalists began a “Gaelic Revival”, in the late 19th century.

• In 1893 the Gaelic League was established to promote all aspects of Irish culture and dancing.

• Irish dance was taught by Dance Masters.

The Gaelic League

The GAA

• The GAA began in 1884.• It was founded on Saturday, 1st November, in

the Lizzie’s Mayes Hotel, Thurles, Tipperary.

The Abbey Theatre

• The Abbey Theatre was founded in 1904 by William Butler Yeats and Lady Gregory.

• Yeats encouraged Irish writers to write about Irish life and traditions.

The Cultural Revival

• The cultural revival was a partial success.• The GAA is still going strong today.• The Gaelic League was not as successful in

persuading people to speak Irish.

The End