Balloons and Static Electricity Scripted.doc

8/17/2019 Balloons and Static Electricity Scripted.doc

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UTeach Outreach TheUniversity of Texas at Austin

Balloons and Static Electricity – Scripted Version

Name: UTeach OutreachLength of lesson: 50 minutes ith optional !0 minutes actin" out atoms#for $th %rade&Description of the class: 'th($th %rade ScienceSource of the lesson:

Experimental set)up*http*((+mos+or"(sln(toe(simpleelectroscope+html,ma"es for -ac."round content*http*((+sciencemadesimple+com(static+html

TEKS addressed:§112.20. Science !rade " #eginning $ith School %ear 2010&2011.#/& Scientic investi"ation and reasonin"+ The student uses scientic in1uirymethods durin" la-oratory and eld investi"ations+ The student is expected to*

#A& plan and implement comparative and descriptive investi"ations -yma.in" o-servations2 as.in" ell)dened 1uestions2 and usin" appropriate

e1uipment and technolo"y3#E& analy4e data to formulate reasona-le explanations2 communicate validconclusions supported -y the data2 and predict trends+

#!& Scientic investi"ation and reasonin"+ The student uses critical thin.in"2scientic reasonin"2 and pro-lem solvin" to ma.e informed decisions and .nosthe contri-utions of relevant scientists+ The student is expected to*

#B& use models to represent aspects of the natural orld such as an atom2 amolecule2 space2 or a "eolo"ic feature3

#'& atter and ener"y+ The student .nos matter has physical properties that can-e used for classication+ The student is expected to*

#A& compare metals2 nonmetals2 and metalloids usin" physical properties

such as luster2 conductivity2 or mallea-ility3

§112.20. Science !rade ' #eginning $ith School %ear 2010&2011.#/& Scientic investi"ation and reasonin"+ The student uses scientic in1uirymethods durin" la-oratory and eld investi"ations+ The student is expected to*

#A& plan and implement comparative and descriptive investi"ations -yma.in" o-servations2 as.in" ell)dened 1uestions2 and usin" appropriatee1uipment and technolo"y3

http://www.mos.org/sln/toe/simpleelectroscope.htmlhttp://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.htmlhttp://www.mos.org/sln/toe/simpleelectroscope.htmlhttp://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html


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#E& analy4e data to formulate reasona-le explanations2 communicate validconclusions supported -y the data2 and predict trends+

#!& Scientic investi"ation and reasonin"+ The student uses critical thin.in"2scientic reasonin"2 and pro-lem solvin" to ma.e informed decisions and .nosthe contri-utions of relevant scientists+ The student is expected to*

#B& use models to represent aspects of the natural orld such as an atom2 a

molecule2 space2 or a "eolo"ic feature3 #5& atter and ener"y+ The student .nos that matter is composed of atoms andhas chemical and physical properties+ The student is expected to*

#A& descri-e the structure of atoms2 includin" the masses2 electricalchar"es2 and locations2 of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electronsin the electron cloud3#B& identify that protons determine an element6s identity and valenceelectrons determine its chemical properties2 includin" reactivity3#7& interpret the arran"ement of the 8eriodic Ta-le2 includin" "roups andperiods2 to explain ho properties are used to classify elements3

1. ()er)ie$

The lesson -e"ins ith students atchin" a cereal demonstration+ 9ext2 eachstudent ill -e "iven a role as a proton2 neutron2 or electron and the class illmodel to atoms to demonstrate electron interaction -eteen atoms+ Studentsill move to 8hET computer simulation #see*http*((phet+colorado+edu(en(simulation(-alloons& to investi"ate char"eaccumulation due to friction2 as ell as2 char"e distri-ution in neutral o-:ects dueto the presence of an electric eld+ Students ill move to experiment and eachpair ill -uild their on electroscope+ Students ill measure char"e accumulationdue to friction ith their electroscopes2 usin" a variety of insulative and

conductive materials2 orderin" reactions -y ma"nitude+ Students ill sharemeasurements to compare class results+ ;eal orld examples of static electricityill -e explained+ Teacher ill "uide a discussion explainin" variations due tosample2 procedural2 and environmental di


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+. ,esources materials and supplies needed for each class-er class:

• 9eutron :o- cards #amount ill vary -ased on num-er of students&

• 8roton :o- cards #amount ill vary -ased on num-er of students&

• Electron :o- cards #amount ill vary -ased on num-er of students&

• To plastic cups one ith hole cut in -ottom

-er pair:• One computer capa-le of runnin" 8hET simulation

• One -alloon

• One cereal tied to a piece of strin"

• To =cm -y ? cm aluminum foil strips

• One -are metal paperclip

• One plastic :ar

• One note card lar"e enou"h to cover mouth of :ar

• Three inches of tape

• One moist paper toelA small sample of each of the folloin"*

• "lass ) insulator

• nylon #stoc.in"& ) insulator

• aluminum ) conductor

• paper ) insulator

• steel – conductor

• ru--er -alloon #spheroid2 not tu-e -alloon& ) insulator

• styrene #Styrofoam plate& ) insulator

• plastic rap – insulator

. Supplementar/ materials needed for each class and $orsheets• See attached+

. d)anced -reparation• The teacher ill need to ma.e a class set of electroscopes #see

http*((+mos+or"(sln(toe(simpleelectroscope+html& or allo time in lesson

to ma.e electroscopes• >ecide hat atom you ill have your class -e -ased on ho many students

you have #for the -e"innin" of the explore&+• a.e :o- cards for protons2 neutrons and electrons #amount ill depend on

num-er of students&+• Blo up -alloons for students+

• 8air students+

". #acground 3nfo

http://www.mos.org/sln/toe/simpleelectroscope.htmlhttp://www.mos.org/sln/toe/simpleelectroscope.html


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,esources for teachers:• http*((+ma"net+fsu+edu(education(tutorials(museum(electrostatic"enera

tor+html• http*((+teachersdomain+or"(resource(phy0!+sci+phys+mfe+4snap(

• http*((+loc+"ov(rr(scitech(mysteries(static+html

• http*((+northestcolle"e+edu(dotAsset(===@55+pdf

4ollege Le)el #acground 3nformation

Tiny particles that ma.e up all matter are called atoms+ Atoms have protons2neutrons and electrons+ 8rotons are positively char"ed and electrons arene"atively char"ed+ 9eutrons are neutral and have no net char"e+ 9eutrons havenearly the same mass as protons and electrons have very little mass compared toprotons or neutrons+ 8rotons and neutrons are clustered to"ether in the center ofan atom2 formin" the nucleus+ Electrons move around the nucleus ith distinctamounts of ener"y+ Electrons are typically shon or-itin" the nucleus in rin"s or

shells2 called the Bohr model after the 9o-el laureate of the same name+ Thisdepiction is useful in predictin" the -ehavior of the electrons2 -ut is not accurate+Electrons move in all three dimensions around the nucleus2 and their locations arepredicted -y statistics+

Opposite char"es attract and similar char"es repel+ Sta-le atoms have the samenum-er of positively char"ed protons and ne"atively char"ed electrons+ This isto say that they are neutral or have no char"e+ 9ote* atoms must have one ormore protons3 they can include various num-ers of neutrons and electrons-eyond this mandate+ The sta-ility of the nucleus of an atom depends on thenum-er of -oth protons and neutrons+ There is a proportionally lar"e amount of

ener"y holdin" the particles of the nucleus to"ether+ This e


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Some atoms "ive o< electrons easily hile other atoms tend to hold on to hatthey have and accept more+ hen to atoms ith diependin" on theparticular atoms and their physical arran"ement in each sample2 the electronsmay transfer to leave one o-:ect positively char"ed and the other ne"ativelychar"ed+

8ositive or ne"ative char"es that do not move once a char"e im-alance ispresent are termed Cstatic electricity+C Electricity typically implies that char"esare movin"2 hoever in this particular instance2 the movement of the char"es isimpeded+ Once a via-le path is provided for the electrons to move from thene"atively char"ed o-:ect to the positively char"ed o-:ect2 the electrons ill Doand traditional electricity ill occur+

http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.htmlhttp://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html


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Static electricit/ is the -uild)up of char"es on the surface of an o-:ect+ Touchin"an o-:ect ith an oppositely char"ed o-:ect or a neutral one can neutrali4e achar"ed o-:ect+

ethods of producin" static electricity often involve ru--in" to o-:ects to"ether+;etrieved from http*((+sciencemadesimple+com(static+html

The dischar"e of static electricity is di


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FoleG as a positive char"e;etrieved from http*((+thena.edscientists+com(TH(uploads(;TEma"ic7IHE>s)

pItype+pn"+pn"

The materials used to construct circuits are chosen for their electrical properties+aterials that allo electrons to Do easily are called conductors+ etals atroom temperature typically conduct electricity+ aterials that inhi-it electronDo are called insulators+ %lass2 ceramics2 and many plastics are insulators+

Since circuits are typically desi"ned to .eep the electrons Doin" alon" aspecied path2 the path for the electrons is made of conductive material2 ithsurroundin" insulative material to prevent the electrons from deviatin" from thedesi"ned path+ hile insulators inhi-it char"es from Doin" throu"h them2char"es can still -e applied+ ,f electrons are added to or removed from aninsulator2 the char"e di


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neutral+ 9eutrons are also at the center of atoms+ The clump of protons andneutrons at the center of atoms is called the nucleus+ Electrons are ne"ativelychar"ed and move around the nucleus+ The num-er of protons in an atomdetermines hat element it is+ ,f the num-er of electrons e1uals the num-er ofprotons2 the atom is neutral+ ,f the num-er of electrons does not e1ual thenum-er of protons2 the atom is called an ion+ ,ons can -e either positively

char"ed or ne"atively char"ed+

odel of elium3 protons are shon in red2 neutrons -lue and electrons "reen

Hi.e char"es repel and opposite char"es attract+ Since the outermost part ofatoms is the cloud of electrons or-itin" the nucleus2 the electrons in to neutralatoms ill repel each other+ ,f a positive ion and a ne"ative ion "et close to eachother2 they ill attract+ ,f to positive or to ne"ative ions "et close to eachother2 they ill repel+

,f positive or ne"ative char"es -uild up on an o-:ect2 the o-:ect has staticelectricity+ Electricity means that char"es are movin"+ Static means Cstationary+C

,n static electricity2 the char"es can6t move -ecause there isn6t a "ood path forthem to ta.e+ Once a path is availa-le2 the electrons ill move and the electricityill dischar"e+ This is di


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conductive contact outside the container2 any char"e applied to the pieces of foilill spread out as much as possi-le+ Since -oth ends of foil ill -e char"ed thesame2 they ill repel+ This is true for -oth positive and ne"ative char"es+ Adevice made in this fashion is called an electroscope+ Electroscopes can -e usedto determine the ma"nitude of a char"e2 -ut not hether it is positive orne"ative+

Electroscope dia"ram;etrieved from

http*((media+ehs+uen+or"(html(8hysicsJ!(ElectroscopeI0=(electroscope+:p"

533. -ossi*le 6isconceptions 7noted */ 8649 in lesson• Students often -elieve that static electricity is caused -y friction+ This is

-ecause many examples that are used to teach static electricitydemonstrate ru--in" to thin"s to"ether+ Actually2 all that is re1uired for

static electricity to happen is the touchin" of to materials+ This is

-ecause hen to o-:ects touch2 some electrons may -e transferred from

one surface to the other+ ;u--in" :ust increases the ener"y of the

electrons alon" the to surfaces2 hich ma.es it easier for char"es to

move+• Students may -elieve that static and current electricity are to FtypesG of

electricity+ One is separation #static& and one is Do #current&+ Therefore2

they are not to .inds of electricity+• Students that are unfamiliar ith the model of an atom may thin. that

positive char"es can move -eteen atoms+ This is not true+ ,f somethin"

has a positive char"e2 itKs -ecause it lost some ne"ative char"e not

-ecause it "ained positive char"es+

5333. 5oca*ular/ and De;nitions

7olle"e Hevel*

http://media.ehs.uen.org/html/PhysicsQ3/Electroscope_01/electroscope.jpghttp://media.ehs.uen.org/html/PhysicsQ3/Electroscope_01/electroscope.jpg


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=35E&E (,!N3>T3(N

EN!!E6ENT Time: minutes?hat the Teacher ?ill

Do

-ro*ing @uestions Student ,esponses

-otential6isconceptions

Have “Swinging Cereal” experiment set up atfront of class.

The rst thing I’m goingto do is charge thisalloon ! ruing itagainst m! hair.

,u* *alloon in hair oron $ool s$eater.

"ow# I’m going to slowl! ring the alloon nearthe cereal. I want !ou tooserve what happens.

Slo$l/ *ring *alloonnear cereal. 4erealshould mo)e to$ardsthe *alloon. Teachernote: the *alloon ma/stic to *oth thestring and the cereal.3f /ou remo)e thestring the students;nd it moreinteresting to spinthe cereal */ mo)ingthe *alloon slo$l/o)er the cereal.

$ight# the cereal ismoving towards thealloon.

=+ hat do you thin.

ill happen hen ,

place this -alloon

next to the

cerealN

/+ hat o-servations

can you ma.ea-out hat is

happenin"N

!+ hy do you thin.

=+ 7ereal may move+

9othin" ill

happen+

/+ 7ereal moves

toards -alloon+

!+ 7har"es , donKt

.no+ 64* The


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EN!!E6ENT Time: minutes?hat the Teacher ?ill

Do-ro*ing @uestions Student ,esponses


Something is happeningwith the charges on thealloon and on thecereal. Toda!# we’regoing to explorecharges through the useof di%erent materials.

this is happenin"N -alloon is stic.y+

E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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E


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Ei


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E


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E


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EL#(,T3(N Time: 1 min?hat the Teacher

?ill Do-ro*ing @uestions Student ,esponses


Sho$ students $aterand *alloon

eperiment.

Those are all excellent predictions(

The stream of water isending towards thealloon.

1 water molecule has a positive and a negativeend. +hen the charged pipe is placed next to

the steam of water# thewater ends.

Cold up $atermolecule made ofcla/ and demonstrateho$ molecule t$ists*ased on charge ofthe *alloon.

=+ hat do you thin.ill happen if ,

ta.e this -alloon

and put it next to

the stream of

aterN

/+ hat is

happenin"N

!+ hy do you thin.

this is happenin"N

?+ ,f the pipe is

positively char"ed2

hich side of the

ater moleculeould -e attracted

to the -alloonN

5+ hat if the -alloon

as ne"atively

char"ed2 hich

=+ 9othin" illhappen+ ater

ill move toards

the -alloon

/+ The ater stream

is -endin"

!+ 7har"esN

?+ The ne"ative

side+

5+ The positive side+


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EL#(,T3(N Time: 1 min?hat the Teacher



side of the ater

molecule ould -e

attracted to thepipeN

E5LAT3(N Time: FFF?hat the Teacher



-ass out 8Sho$ oG$hat /ou no$H9@uiI.


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9ame* IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Balloons and Static Electricity

Hearnin" O-:ectives* Students ill -e a-le to•

Explain ho similarly and dissimilarly char"ed o-:ects interact+

=& 8lay ith the simulation for ve minutes+ Be prepared to Fshare outG hat youdiscover

/& ill in the ta-le -ased on your investi"ations+

o can youR Explain >ra your nal pictureRma.e the-alloon stic. tothe seaterN

Rma.e to-alloons stic. tothe seaterN

+++ma.e to-alloons moveapartN

!& o can you ma.e the -alloon#s& stic. to the seater stron"lyN


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9ame* IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

y Electroscopeaterials*

•%lass :ar

• Strip of aluminum foil

• ,ndex card

• 8aperclip

• Tape

8rocedure*=+ 7ut to foil strips = cm x ? cm/+ Open the paperclip to form a shape ith a hoo. #see ima"e on ri"ht&!+ 8ush the hoo. throu"h the middle of the index card and tape it so that

it is at ri"ht an"les to the card+

?+ Hay the to foil strips on top of one another and han" them on thehoo. -y pushin" the hoo. throu"h them+5+ Hay the card over the :ar so that the strips han" inside #see picture

-elo&


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9ame* IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Electroscope Experiment

o ill you determine ho much char"e is transferred from one material to theother usin" your electroscopeN Explain in complete sentences+ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

-redictions

Juestion Qour 8rediction Qour Explanation

hat material do you

thin. ill attract themost electronsN

hat do you thin. illhappen hen aconductor and aconductor are ru--edto"etherN

hat do you thin. illhappen hen aninsulator and aconductor are ru--edto"etherN

hat do you thin. illhappen hen aninsulator and aninsulator are ru--edto"etherN

STO8 7E7 ,T QOU; TEA7E; BEO;E %ETT,9% QOU; ATE;,AHS


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-rocedure: Test six pairs of materials and order them -y ho much of a reactionyou measure ith your electroscope+ Qou may need to ipe your -alloon ith aet paper toel -eteen trials+

,esults:

-air 1* Balloon and IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

>id the foil leaves move apartN #circle& yes no

-air 2* Balloon and IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


-air +* Balloon and IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


-air * Balloon and IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


-air * 7onductor and ,nsulator IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII and IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


-air "* Any to materials you ant

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII and IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


Order 8airs from Heast to ost ;eactive – rite on stic.y notes and post on -oard

IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII

7oncludin" Juestions*


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=+ >ra hat you thin. the char"es loo. li.e on your electroscope+

/+ ,s it possi-le to determine the si"n # or )& or char"e ith an electroscopeN hyor hy notN

9ame* IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


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Sho o< hat you .no

=+ hat is the di


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=+ Static electricity is formed -y*a& plu""in" a device in+-& stoppin" electricity -y turnin" a device o


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inter2 sometimes you feel a shoc.+ hyNa& The door.no- is a part of the electrical system2 so you temporarily feel a

shoc. :ust the same as if touchin" an electrical ire+-& ,n the inter seasons2 electrical activity increases2 so you feel shoc.s

more+c& The char"e that -uilt up on your -ody -alances ith the conductive

door.no-+d& The dry air transfers electricity to your -ody hich then "oes to thedoor.no-+ The carpet actually has no e


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Rma.e the-alloon stic. tothe seaterN

;u- the -alloon on theseater+ >ra" it to theall and it ill "otoards the seater

Rma.e to-alloons stic. tothe seaterN

;u- -oth -alloonsa"ainst the seater+ The to -alloonscannot -e on top ofeach other+

+++ma.e to-alloons moveapartN

;u- the -alloonsa"ainst the seaterand then place the-alloons next to eachother+

!& o can you ma.e the -alloon#s& stic. to the seater stron"lyN

By ru--in" the -alloons lots of times a"ainst the seater2 more char"es illtransfer to the -alloons+

KE% 8rocedure* Test six pairs of materials and order them -y ho much of a reactionyou measure ith your electroscope+ Qou may need to ipe your -alloon ith aet paper toel -eteen trials+

;esults*

-air 1* Balloon and aluminum foil


-air 2* Balloon and paper


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-air +* Balloon and "lass


-air * Balloon and plastic rap


-air * 7onductor and ,nsulatorsteel and "lass


-air "* any to materials you ant

Styrofoam and nylon


Order 8airs from Heast to ost ;eactive

Steel"lass Styrofoamnylon BAl foil B8 B"lass Bpaper

7oncludin" Juestions*

=+ >ra hat you thin. the char"es loo. li.e on your electroscope+


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/+ ,s it possi-le to determine the si"n # or )& or char"e ith an electroscopeN hyor hy notN

9o – -oth ill cause the foil sheets to repel

9ame* IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Sho o< hat you .no


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EQ

=+ hat is the di


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#learnin" "oal ) for teacher reference&

=+ Static electricity is formed -y* #/&a& plu""in" a device in+-& stoppin" electricity -y turnin" a device o


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inter2 sometimes you feel a shoc.+ hyNa& The door.no- is a part of the electrical system2 so you temporarily feel a

shoc. :ust the same as if touchin" an electrical ire+-& ,n the inter seasons2 electrical activity increases2 so you feel shoc.s

more+c& The char"e that -uilt up on your -ody -alances ith the conductive

door.no-+d& The dry air transfers electricity to your -ody hich then "oes to thedoor.no-+ The carpet actually has no e

Documents

Balloons and Static Electricity Scripted.doc