Baldwin Locomotive Works - Historical Society of Pennsylvania aid 1485 Baldwin.pdf · Baldwin Locomotive Works Records Collection 1485 1 The Historical Society of Pennsylvania Baldwin

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Collection 1485

Baldwin Locomotive Works

Records

1825-1869 59 boxes, 152 vols., 64.25 lin. feet

Contact: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Phone: (215) 732-6200 FAX: (215) 732-2680 http://www.hsp.org

Processed by: Joanne Danifo Processing Completed: February 2005

Finding aid revised: September 2017 Sponsor: Processing made possible by a grant from the

National Endowment for the Humanities Restrictions: None.

Baldwin Locomotive Works Records Collection 1485

1 The Historical Society of Pennsylvania

Baldwin Locomotive Works Records, 1825-1869

59 boxes, 152 vols., 64.25 lin. feet

Collection 1485

Abstract Matthias W. Baldwin (1795-1866) was a Philadelphia mechanic and manufacturer of locomotives. He began building steam locomotives in 1831; the Baldwin Locomotive Works, which he established, continued to produce engines in Philadelphia and nearby Eddystone until 1956. Between 1870 and 1907 Baldwin was the largest locomotive manufacturer and one of the largest concerns of any type in the United States.

The material in this collection comprises 64.25 linear feet of textual documents that span the years 1825 to 1869, representing the earliest years of Baldwin’s pre-locomotive production until shortly after his death in 1866. The documents deal mainly with business aspects of the company, its operations and numerous technological advancements. The collection is divided into three series: Series 1. Correspondence, 1836-1867; Series 2. Orders, 1852-1869; and Series 3. Account books, 1825-1869, including ledgers, journals, daybooks, cashbooks, and miscellaneous, including several apprentice books. The bulk of the collection can be found in the correspondence, touching on finance, company operations, personnel, orders and politics.

Background note Matthias W. Baldwin was born on December 10, 1795, in Elizabeth, N.J. He entered the jewelry trade at a young age and was apprenticed to Woolworth Brothers. He was later employed by Fletcher and Gardner, jewelers and silversmiths in Philadelphia. During this period he married Sarah Crane and opened his own shop. By 1824 he had left this occupation to become a manufacturer of book-making tools and cylinders for calico production. He formed a partnership with David Mason in 1825, and opened a shop in Coffee House Alley north of Walnut Street between 4th and 5th streets. Soon he moved to Minor Street north of Chestnut, between 5th and 6th streets, a location somewhere near the present Liberty Bell Center. It was here that Baldwin built his first stationary steam engine to help with his manufacturing. This engine continued in use at the Baldwin Works for more than 60 years and is currently on display at the Smithsonian Institution. Mason left the partnership shortly thereafter.

In 1831, Baldwin was approached by Franklin Peale to construct a miniature steam locomotive for Peale’s Philadelphia museum. The engine that Baldwin built ran on



tracks within the museum and pulled two small cars that contained seats for four passengers. The success of this novelty resulted in a request from the Germantown and Norristown Railroad for a locomotive to run on its track north of Philadelphia. Baldwin began construction of his first full-sized engine at the Minor Street shop. However, he soon found it necessary to move to a more convenient location in Lodge Alley (now Ranstead Street) between 7th and 8th streets. It was here that Baldwin completed “Old Ironsides,” which made its first run on November 23, 1832. Although neither the first locomotive to operate in the United States, nor the first American-made engine, “Old Ironsides” proved a sensation and continued in operation for more than 20 years.

Baldwin continued to improve the design and function of his locomotives. “Old Ironsides” was a four-wheeled engine of the English “Planet” class. However, its design proved unsuitable for American roads because of its propensity to derail. Baldwin introduced the innovative leading or pony truck (developed by John B. Jervis), which consisted of a set of advance wheels to guide and stabilize the engine. With this design, Baldwin built ten locomotives in 1834 (seven for the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad). By 1835, Baldwin needed to expand his manufacturing facilities, and he built a new factory on Broad Street at Hamilton, the present site of the Philadelphia School District Building. From this location Baldwin expanded westward, eventually occupying the buildings of the rival Norris Locomotive Works to encompass an industrial complex of more than eight city blocks, which is now the site of the Community College of Philadelphia. The Baldwin Works remained at this location into the 20th century.

The early history of the Baldwin Locomotive Works is essentially the story of Matthias Baldwin himself. The Panic of 1937 convinced him to enter into a partnership agreement with George Vail and George W. Hufty, each of whom bought equal shares of 33⅓ percent. As a result of the panic, production fell from 40 locomotives in 1839 to nine in 1840. Hufty was dropped from the partnership in 1841, and Vail resigned in 1842, when Baldwin took Asa Whitney as partner. Whitney’s withdrawal in 1846 left Baldwin once again sole owner until he formed a partnership with Matthew Baird in 1854. By 1857 the firm employed 600 men and produced 66 locomotives. Eighty percent of its production was directed towards southern railroads. The Panic of 1857 and the onset of the Civil War cut production significantly, as the war ended sales by all makers to southern railroads. This was soon remedied at Baldwin with new orders from the U.S. Military Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad.

The Baldwin Works were at the forefront of much technological innovation under Mathias Baldwin. He resisted the practice, common among other manufacturing concerns, of creating extensive managerial operations, which relied on mechanics and foremen on site to make decisions involving hiring, firing and work assignments. Baldwin Works’ organizational structure at this time (1859) reflected a compact and efficient concern. Under partners Baldwin and Baird there were three divisions: (1) finance under George Burnham; (2) the drawing room under William Pettit; and (3) supervision of delivery engineers and twelve departmental foremen under General Superintendent Charles T. Parry.



From this period, Baldwin grew to become the largest manufacturer of locomotives in the United States, and with the exception of a handful of textile and steel plants, the largest manufacturer of any kind in America. Siginificantly, the Baldwin Works differed from other concerns in its refusal to adopt the prevailing American system of manufacturing or mass production, which distributed discrete tasks among a team of semi-skilled laborers. Baldwin’s locomotive production was almost unique in its dependence on the requirements and specifications of its buyers, so that nearly every order resulted in a custom-made product. This required highly skilled mechanics to design and assemble the engines, workers who could not be sacrificed in periods of economic hardship. These periods came in regular order throughout the life of the company: in 1837, 1857, 1873, 1893, 1907, and 1929. Baldwin went to great lengths to keep its skilled workers, even at a loss.

A key to Baldwin’s success was the adoption of the piecework system during the 1850s, which, in effect, paid workers according to production and not by salary. Furthermore, a significant number of management positions were regularly filled by advancing mechanics and foremen, resulting in an uncommon loyalty among workers. While other manufacturing concerns experienced strikes and labor agitation throughout the 19th century, Baldwin’s only major labor agitation came in 1860, not to be repeated until 1911. As a skilled and independent mechanic himself, Baldwin supported and encouraged fair labor relations, and developed his labor force by instituting a progressive craft apprenticeship program.

Matthias Baldwin died on September 7, 1866, the same year that rival Norris Locomotive Works closed. Thereafter the company was managed by Matthew Baird, who engaged George Burnham and Charles T. Parry as partners. By 1870 Baldwin had taken the lead in American locomotive production, surpassing rival Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works of Paterson, N.J. Management was again restructured, adding Edward H. Williams, William P. Henszey and Edward Longstreth as partners. In 1873 Matthew Baird retired and Baldwin went through a series of partnerships dominated by Burnham and Williams. The firm did not incorporate until 1909 as a privately held company, when Burnham was 93 years old; it incorporated as a publicly held company in 1911. During this period Baldwin experienced its greatest period of growth. In 1870 it employed 1,455 men and produced 273 locomotives; in 1900 it employed 8,208 men and produced 1,217 locomotives, and by 1907 it employed over 18,000 men and produced 2,666 locomotives.

In 1906, Baldwin began its move to the Eddystone plant, a 600-acre site on the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Chester, finally abandoning the Philadelphia site in 1928. However, the Eddystone facility never produced above one-third of its capacity. Baldwin went through a long period of decline after the Panic of 1907. The Hepburn Act of 1906 extended federal control over railroads, and the Interstate Commerce Commission began setting maximum railroad rates. Labor agitation in 1911 added to these troubles, but it was the advent of diesel and electro-diesel locomotives that probably contributed most to Baldwin’s decline. Aggressive competition from the newly-formed American Locomotive Company (Alco) added to these troubles. Production dropped from 2,666 in 1907 to 614 in 1908. Baldwin’s fortunes eased



somewhat with increased production during World War I when it diversified products such as railway gun carriages. Into the 1930s Baldwin resisted the adoption of diesel locomotive technology, believing that steam locomotion would be dominant until 1980. By the time Baldwin had recognized its mistake, it was too late to catch up. During World War II, the War Production Board required that Baldwin produce only steam locomotives, further retarding its move into diesel. By 1956, after manufacturing more than 7,500 engines, Baldwin ceased locomotive production, shifting instead to heavy construction equipment. In 1965 Baldwin became a subsidiary of Armour and Company. Greyhound Corporation purchased Armour in 1970. By 1972 the company that had been the Baldwin Locomotive Works ceased to exist.

Scope & content The materials in this collection date from 1825 to 1869, representing the earliest years of Baldwin Locomotive Works’ existence. These records contain few gaps and they relate mainly to the operations and finances of the company and its technological development. The collection contains numerous diagrams and sketches of engine parts and many engine specification charts that offer great detail into the construction of locomotive engines. The materials have been divided into three series: Correspondence, Orders, and Account books. The correspondence is the bulk of the collection. It spans the longest period of time – from 1836 to 1867 – and contains the richest records, touching on company operations, engine orders, financial records, and the political climate of the nation. Correspondence consists of letters written between the years 1836 and 1867, which have been divided into two subseries – outgoing and incoming. The correspondence gives the reader much insight into the daily operations of Baldwin & Co. through engines and parts requests, discussion of apprentice issues, supply purchases and advertisements for technological innovations and patents. Since a majority of the letters pertain to the ordering and repair of parts, this series has a wealth of diagrams and drawings, detailing the measurements and specifications for a wide variety of engine parts. There are also many charts that accompany the letters that outline the construction and specifications for all of the engine varieties produced by Baldwin & Co. While the letters do not have much information concerning the personal lives of the Baldwin and his employees, they do offer an occasional glimpse into the political leanings of Baldwin and the political climate of the country, especially in the letters that precede the outbreak of the Civil War. In the outgoing correspondence there is one volume that does not relate directly to the business of the locomotive works and contains letters pertaining to the activities of the American Systematic Beneficence Society, which counted Matthias Baldwin as a member. John Gulliver is the author of these letters and the recipients of his letters include H.W. Beecher, Charles Finney, and many other preachers, who Gulliver encourages to preach a message of Christianity coupled with capitalism. The orders, which span from 1852 to 1869, consist strictly of financial and product information. The reader can also use the orders to trace purchasing patterns and to obtain pricing information for various engines and parts, such as cranks, axles, and



lamps. This series shows which companies ordered goods from Baldwin and at which point in time. The account books have been subdivided into five subseries: ledgers, journals, daybooks, cashbooks, and miscellaneous. The ledgers date from 1825 to 1867 and, much like the orders, contain mainly financial records, in the form of the debits and credits of Baldwin & Co.’s accounts. The ledgers kept record of the holdings of several Baldwin family members and also the estates of deceased employees, including Baldwin. Thus, this information gives some insight to the families of the senior members of the company, including Matthias Baldwin and Matthew Baird, since several of the entries pertain to their wives and children. The journals (1839-1867) and the daybooks (1829-1866) contain the same information as the ledgers except some of the entries are a bit more detailed. Employee wages, expenses of the company, and other such financial information can be drawn from these two types of volumes. While the cashbooks (1839-1867) track debits and credits like the previous volumes, they deal only with cash transactions, resulting in entries with greater details. For example, the expenses of the company, which included tables and clothes, are specified in these volumes. Several account books that could not be included in the previous subseries have been grouped into miscellaneous. There is one receipt book (1849-1854), one inventory book (1855), which includes a list of the products manufactured on the Baldwin & Co. premises, three apprentice books (1854-1868), one charge book (1846-1849), one charge book for shop work (1858), and a memorandum for loans (1865-1869). Most of these volumes offer the same degree of economic data that the daybooks, ledgers, and journals have within their pages. The apprentice books have the richest records that do not relate to finance, because they hold the contracts for apprenticeship for a great number of boys employed by Baldwin & Co. These volumes reveal much about nineteenth century industrial apprenticeships including salaries, length of servitude, employment practices in wartime, and causes for and frequency of employee absences.

Overview of arrangement Series I Correspondence, 1836-1867 88 volumes, 58 boxes a. Outgoing, 1836-1867 87 volumes, .75 box b. Incoming, 1838-1867 1 volume, 57.25 boxes Series II Orders, 1852-1869 5 volumes, 2 folders Series III Account books, 1825-1869 55 volumes, 1 box a. Ledgers, 1825-1867 13 volumes, 7 folders b. Journals, 1839-1864 12 volumes, 2 folder c. Daybooks, 1829-1867 17 volumes, 1 folder d. Cashbooks, 1839-1867 9 volumes, 2 folders e. Miscellaneous, 1846-1869 8 volumes, 5 folders



Series description Series 1. Correspondence, 1836-1867 (Vol. 1-88, Boxes 1-58)

a. Outgoing, 1836-1867 The outgoing correspondence of Baldwin Locomotive Works consists of letterpress books that contain copies of letters and one letterpress book that has been preservation photocopied. The volumes are arranged by date and follow an unbroken sequence of time between 1836 and 1867. The majority of the letterpress books are concerned with “orders and specs” in that most of the letters contain customers’ orders and diagrams and measurements of engines and their parts. The letters offer insight into the business practices of Baldwin Locomotive Works and how they interacted with both their suppliers and their customers. The former included companies like Hendricks Brothers and vendors like Nathan Rogers of Utica, who produced everything from copper tubing to locomotive lamps to be used in engine construction. Often included in these volumes are formal contracts between Baldwin and the supplier, which outline the goods being sold, the price and the delivery arrangements. One such contract, written by Baldwin regarding his purchase of copper from Harmon, Henry, & Montague Hendricks for $36,000, is included in volume 13. While there are many letters written to suppliers, there is an equal number of letters written by the locomotive company to their customers, which included the nation’s many railroad companies and, during the Civil War, the federal government. The railroad companies that dealt with Baldwin spanned not only the United States, but the globe. Some of the railroad companies included in the outgoing correspondence include the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company, the New York and Erie Railroad Company, the Royal Württemberg Railroad Company, the Havana Railroad Company, and countless others. The letters to these companies often include pricing information for the locomotive engines, shipment information, and a request for the name that was to be engraved onto the engine. Baldwin’s outgoing correspondence also sheds light on their financial situation throughout the years that saw several financial panics and a Civil War. Many Americans suffered fiscal losses in the 1840s and Baldwin counted himself among them. In 1841, he wrote a letter about the company’s “embarrassment” – the Bank of the United States was threatening to mortgage Baldwin’s property and by May, the company found that the bank had a suit filed against them. The climate had not changed much by 1848, as Baldwin wrote that “money is scarce” and the company was having trouble collecting bill payments from their customers. By the early 1850s, many of Baldwin’s letters commented that his “engagements for building engines are heavy” and he is sending out “one per week.” (Letter April 7, 1851) In 1858, the company began to feel more financial strains and desired to “land more sales” in order to “keep the company out of Rogers’ hands.” Rogers Locomotive Company was Baldwin’s biggest competitor at the time this letter was written. By the 1860s, there is a lack of outgoing letters to different southern Railroads, partly due to the Panic of 1857 and the Civil War, which led to an unofficial boycott by the southern roads due to Matthias Baldwin’s supposed abolitionist activities.



A few of letters at this time focused on issues with apprentices, patents, technological innovations, and to a lesser extent, concerned the credit attributed for certain patents and advancements in locomotive technology. Baldwin’s company held the patent on several inventions, including the “spark arrester” for which there was a $50 usage fee. Therefore, he wrote many letters ensuring payment for the use of this invention as well as others. The letterpress books also contain much information regarding the specifications of the company’s engines. There are two volumes that have not been placed with the letterpress books that detail orders and specifications. Volume 86 contains letters that were written by Baldwin and his partners to their agent in New York City, Gilead A. Smith. He served as the locomotive company’s New York agent during the 1850s and his duties included handling accounts with suppliers and customers based in New York City. There is one additional volume that does not fall into the orders and specification sequence is the American Systematic Beneficence Society Letterbook. This book contains letters written by John Gulliver, the head of the Society, to various preachers throughout the nation, including H.W. Beecher and Charles Finney. b. Incoming, 1838-1867 This subseries consists of disbound letterbooks and one volume entitled Old Specifications Letterbook No. 3. They are arranged chronologically and cover the years from 1838 to 1867. The topics of the incoming letters are similar to those in the outgoing letterbooks. The letters that Baldwin received were mostly written by railroad companies requesting engines, machinists and engineers employed by Baldwin to work on different roads, people advertising their patents, and people seeking positions at the company. The last type of letter often came in the form of a relative seeking an apprenticeship for a young member of their family. The incoming letters offer insight into the growth of the company and also Baldwin’s political leanings. After the early years of the company in the 1830s, the incoming letters show an increasing number of railroads requesting engines from all over the country and even some international requests from Cuba, Württemberg, and Egypt. Railroads also sent letters to Baldwin requesting different engine parts that needed replacing and also “sober, skillful, & cautious” engineers. There are many letters from these said engineers reporting to Baldwin on the progress of the various roads. In the 1840s, there is a series of letters concerning the politics of Baldwin and his colleague Simeon Guilford of Lebanon, Pennsylvania.

Just before the outbreak of the Civil War in 1860, two southern railroad men wrote a series of letters accusing Matthias Baldwin of being anti-slavery. William Hudson and Thomas Dodamead, superintendent of the Central Railroad, questioned Baldwin’s attitude toward slavery and asked about his role as president of an abolitionist meeting that took place in Philadelphia in 1859. Dodamead related the following to Baldwin: a man who was a former resident of the northern states told Dodamead that Baldwin & Co. were “hostile to the idea of doing business with men who were surrounded by this peculiar institution [slavery].” Matthias Baldwin



vehemently denied his abolitionist leanings to both Dodamead and William Hudson and wrote to his engineer D.H. Ferger, asking him if he has been telling the southern roads that he harbored abolitionist leanings. Ferger denied this, but reminded Baldwin on April 30, 1860, that he [Ferger] was pro-slavery and that his business was almost “exclusively Southern.” In the correspondence, Baldwin never claimed to be a staunch abolitionist, therefore it is unclear whether Dodamead’s and Hudson’s accusations were valid. The arguments continued up until the outbreak of the Civil War, when Baldwin made clear his loyalties – but not before the southern railroads decided to suspend their dealings with Baldwin & Co. Due to the turmoil between the northern and southern states and Baldwin’s official support of the government in the North, the incoming correspondence from the South lessened dramatically during the war years. After the Civil War ended, the incoming correspondence resembled the letters from the 1840s and early 1850s. Railroads continued to place engine orders and engineers reported to Baldwin on the conditions of various roads. The southern railroads resumed their business with Baldwin’s company and Baldwin’s colleagues complained about the politics of the nation, namely President Johnson’s policies. Matthias Baldwin passed away in 1866 and there are several letters concerning his affairs. Matthew Baird assumed many of Baldwin’s responsibilities as he became the senior member of the company upon the founder’s death. There is also a folder that contains Baldwin’s estate information and the bonds that he owned (Folder 5 October 1866). Of note is folder 25 in box 39, which contains a series of letters from W.S.C. Otis addressed to Baldwin & Co. The letters refer to claims that Baldwin made against the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad for failure to make mortgage payments. Otis represented Baldwin in the case, which took place May 9, 1860, and he was to collect the money awarded to the company. The decision was cast in favor of Baldwin & Co., but Baldwin questioned whether Otis misrepresented the financial condition of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad and if Otis kept some of the money for himself. In his letters, Otis defended his course of action and the amount of money awarded to Baldwin. Boxes 57 and 58 contain correspondence solely from Baldwin’s New York office to the Philadelphia location. All of the letters in box 57 were written by Baldwin’s New York agent Gilead Smith. Smith’s letters concerned purchases, such as glass and different metals, which he made for Baldwin both in the United States and abroad. In folders 11 and 12, letters show that Smith purchased goods for Baldwin in London and Learnington, England. Box 58 contains the same type of correspondence as the previous box, but the author of these letters is T.M. Tyng. According to the letterhead of these letters, T.M. Tyng replaced Gilead Smith as the New York agent for Baldwin by 1865. However, Smith was still involved with the locomotive company as is evidenced by several telegrams from Smith in New York in box 58. Tyng’s correspondence deals mostly with the shipment of raw materials to Baldwin, locomotive parts to different roads, and the settling of accounts with



suppliers and customers. Smith’s and Tyng’s letters cover the period between 1861 and 1867. The only bound volume in this subseries, Old Specifications Letter Book No. 3, contains letters from 1838 to 1843, which represent the earlier years of the company. The letters were written by different railroad companies that had tested Baldwin’s new locomotives. They sent Baldwin charts that recorded the speed of the engine, its weight, the problems that were encountered and the weather in which the tests were conducted. Some of the results of engine-testings were addressed to newspapers and serve as advertisements for Baldwin’s company. One such letter hailed a “successful and extraordinary experiment in steam locomotives railroads.” Included in the front of this volume, which does not relate to the engine experiments, is a copy of the minutes from a Trustees Meeting of Philadelphia Ice Boat Company dated March 22, 1837-Janaury 23, 1838. The topics of the meeting included filling the vacancy on the board caused by Matthias Baldwin’s resignation, plans for boats that would clear the Delaware River of its ice, and the board’s solicitation of Baldwin to construct the engines for these boats.

Series 2. Orders, 1852-1869 (Vol. 89-93, Box 59) The volumes in this series track orders placed by Baldwin customers. They have been arranged according to date and span a short period of time from 1852 to 1869. The left-hand column of each entry is the item that has been ordered and then the right-hand column offers both the name of the customer and a more detailed description of the item ordered. Customers’ orders included items like copper tubing and services and repairs. Most of the time, the entries do not provide the cost of the orders. The clerk noted in the entry whether the customer ordered the item “verbally,” “by letter,” or “by telegraph.” They also made note if the customer “wanted order soon.” Slash marks or “executed” indicate that the item has been recorded in the cashbook and sent to the customer. “C.b.” written in red also indicates the order’s placement in the cashbook. The left-hand column in volume 93 is not an ordered item or service, but a number. Volume 89 contains solely orders placed for “engines and extras” and the “unfinished orders of 1852.” The delivery date for each purchase was noted. The journal from Sept. 6, 1856-Dec. 31, 1856 was inserted into this volume, but has been removed and placed into a folder (see box 59 folder 1).

Series 3. Account Books (Vol. 94-152, Box 59)

a. Ledgers, 1825-1867 These volumes contain the debits and credits of Baldwin’s customers, senior members of the company, and often their family members. The volumes in this subseries begin in 1825, the earliest years of the locomotive company, and the last ledger dates to 1867. The years of the ledgers overlap, but there are no gaps in the years of the ledgers. In the front of each volume, there is an index of entries with corresponding page numbers. The first few entries in the ledgers often deal with debits and credits as they relate to the company’s stock holdings, merchandise sales, “interests and discounts,” “bills payable,” and “hands accounts.” For example, the



“stock” section of volume 101 shows that Baldwin held interest in many different organizations, such as the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, New York and Erie Railroad Company, Chestnut Hill Railroad Company, the American Mutual Insurance Company, and several churches. The rest of the entries in the volumes consist of customers and members of the company. Under each entry their credits and debits with regards to “merchandise,” “cash,” and “sundries” are listed by date. The ledgers do not offer many details, but only which type of debit or credit the transaction was and the monetary value. Volumes 102 and 103 do not have indices. Part of volume 94 predates the activities of the locomotive works and Baldwin’s construction of his first engine. Thus, many of the purchases and balances in this ledger pertain to Baldwin’s previous trade – tool making and engraving. These entries balance the accounts of customers that purchased tools and requested engravings from Baldwin before he was commissioned by Franklin Peale to build the locomotive engine for the Philadelphia Museum. b. Journals, 1839-1867 The volumes in this subseries have been arranged in order by date with the earliest volume dating to 1839 and the latest one dating to 1867. The years of the volumes overlap often and some of the volumes had previously been assigned numbers, which were occasionally written on the cover. Since they represent the step between the ledger and daybook, the pages are arranged chronologically and each customer is given his own entry. Within each entry, the customer’s debits and credits for the day are listed. Some of these credits and debits include loans and purchases. Since some of the entries are concerned with transactions made by Baldwin & Co., there are also entries for the payment of factory hands and for the personal expenses of the senior members of the company. Each entry includes the customer’s or firm member’s name, their expenses for the day, the credits in their favor for the day, the money value for all of these transactions, and the corresponding ledger page for the account. Some valuable information that can found in the journals is the wages paid the Baldwin hands, loans given to some customers, debts of different customers, and purchases frequently made, such as engine repairs and parts, and their prices. c. Daybooks, 1829-1867 These volumes, which represent the essential daily tool for a business, are arranged chronologically and span from 1829 to 1867. At some point, several of the daybooks were assigned numbers, which were written on the volume cover. In these volumes, Baldwin & Co. recorded their expenses and sales throughout the day. Since many of the purchases include engine parts and repairs, there are many diagrams drawn throughout the daybooks to accompany these purchases. Much like the ledgers, the earliest daybook predates Baldwin’s locomotive manufacturing and, therefore, the entries deal with Baldwin’s tool-making and



engraving activities. The information that can be gathered from these volumes include the various companies that purchased engines and parts from Baldwin & Co., the prices of these engines and parts, and the frequency with which orders were placed. Of note is volume 123, which contains information about the partnership between Matthias Baldwin and Matthew Baird formed on March 26, 1853. The volume contains the business contract for this business partnership, which allowed Baldwin to retain “two thirds of the capitol stock” and Baird “one third” and it also lists the items that were shared in the partnership – the premises, inventory, the tools, machinery and drawings (in the shop). Several volumes in this subseries are called “Daybooks (charges),” because the entries have notations that indicate the billing date and sometimes the manner in which the purchase was made (e.g. verbally, letter). d. Cashbooks, 1839-1867 The cashbooks are arranged chronologically and date from 1839 to 1867. Baldwin & Co. used these volumes to track the flow of cash on a daily basis. The volumes consist of the cash debits and credits of the company and its customers. The following are the types of transactions that have been recorded in the cashbooks: loans, the accounts of hands, merchandise sales and purchases, and the personal expenses of members of the company. One volume to note is volume 137, which contained inserts pertaining to investments in the Mine Hill Railroad Company (see box 59 folder 13). They indicate that Matthias Baldwin was not the only member of his family that had stock in railroad companies and the sheets recorded the names of several Baldwin family members, including Matthias’ wife Sarah, his sister Mary, and his daughters Mary Louise, Cecilia, and Anna B. Clayton. The entries accompanied by charts tracking “installments” and “dividends” of the Mine Hill Railroad Company. e. Miscellaneous, 1846-1869 The volumes in this subseries contain financial records and inventory records. The earliest volume, Charge book A, dates to 1846 and the latest volume, Memorandum for Loans #57, has information from 1869. Like volumes have been grouped together and arranged chronologically. The first volume in the subseries is a receipt book that contains receipts for payments made by Baldwin & Co., including bill payments and supply purchases. The next volume is an inventory book with scant information, consisting of a few pages of information from several months in 1855. The volume was used to keep record of “Items received and manufactured at the Factory,” which ranged from mallets to cement. In the volume were papers pertaining to the “Shop Books of N & G Taylor Company,” which manufactured tin. In this subseries, there are three apprentice books that date from 1854 to 1868. These volumes offer a bit of information about the employees of Baldwin & Co. and at times, the employment practices of the company. Volume 143 has an index of the



apprentices in the front of the book with a corresponding page number. Each apprentice’s page chronicled his service time, absences, both excused and unexcused, length of service, and whether the time was completed. The length of the apprenticeship usually lasted five years and, in this volume, absences of both kinds became more and more frequent after the first year of service. The apprentice supervisor at this time seems to be George Russell, who made many notations in the volume. This volume is missing pages fifty to ninety-five. The next apprentice book, which contains the records for the apprentices that began their service between January 1858 and July 1861, continues the same pattern as volume 143, but at this point Baldwin & Co. had drafted official apprentice contracts. Each apprentice’s entry in this volume consists of his official contract on the left-hand page and a record of his “lost time” on the right-hand page. The contract includes the apprentice’s name, place of birth, date of birth, the trade being taught, and a yearly break-down of his salary. This last record shows that apprentices’ salaries increased slightly each year that they worked for the engine company and it also shows that the different apprenticeships, which included machinists, draughtsman and blacksmiths, called for differing salaries. The contracts also show that, since the boy seeking the apprenticeship was a minor, a witness’ signature was required in order for the contract to be valid. This was usually a parent or guardian. The right-hand page provides information regarding the frequency of absences and the cause of these absences. Most of the lost time was due to the apprentice being “deceased,” “discharged,” or “freed.” Often, Baldwin took note of the apprentices’ behavior and wrote if they were “bad boys” in these volumes (volume 144). If the period of service ended prematurely, there is a note of mutual dissolution of the contract. If their absence was due to illness, a doctor’s note was required and was attached to their contract in the volume. For example, John L. Bottorff’s doctor sent Baldwin a note describing the boy’s “delicate condition.” This particular volume also has an increasing number of “runaways” noted, which is most likely due to the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. While Baldwin gave many boys permission to volunteer for the army during the period of their contracts, several opted to enlist without said permission and were labeled runaways. Charles Parry wrote a letter May 23, 1861, which can be found in volume 143, explaining that apprentices who wished to volunteer to serve in the army would be permitted four months of leave without pay. This subseries also has two types of charge books. Volume 146, which has been named Charge Book A, dates from July 8, 1846 to April 26, 1849. This volume is organized much like the daybooks in the collection, but there are several key differences. The volume is arranged chronologically and each entry includes the following information: a reference number in the first column, the customer with a list of their debits and credits in the main column, and then the monetary total for each customer. The most marked difference between this charge book and the daybooks is that the notations that are made throughout the book pertain to accounts being billed. “Billed,” “Charged,” and “pd” are written next to each entry accompanied by a date. Offering slightly different information than the traditional



daybook, it seems that the transactions in this volume are charged to an account and the bill is paid at a later. This volume is also concerned with the way in which orders are placed – “verbally,” “in person,” etc. The other type of charge book is volume 147, which has been named Charge Book for Shop Work. This volume deals solely with the construction of engines and the different repair work that was required for each engine. The volume only covers one month of orders and offers this information chronologically with each railroad company having its own entry. With a layout similar to that of the previous charge book, each entry gives the specifics of the engine that was built and the repair work involved, such as the replacements of parts like flues and the addition of parts like snow ploughs. The first page of this charge book lists all of the railroads that commissioned engines accompanied by the weight of the engine in tons. The last volume in this subseries had been named Memorandum for Loans #57. This book has a layout that is similar to a ledger in that the entries are organized by account with the debits on the left-hand page and the credits on the right-hand page. Yet, each entry deals primarily with cash advances, loans and credits awarded to the account or customer. According to the volume, the account balances were paid regularly.



Separation report None.

Related materials Related collections at other institutions: Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corp. Records, Department of Special Collections, Stanford University. Finding aid: http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf8v19p03r Papers, manuals, records, blueprints, and diagrams of the Baldwin Locomotive Works from the Matthew Gray Collection, the Charles Scott Collection and the Frank Moore Collection, 1920-1950, Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania. Herbert Broadbelt Collection of Baldwin Locomotive Works Records, 1890-1940, Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania. Baldwin Locomotive Collection, DeGoyler Library Collections, Southern Methodist University. Baldwin Locomotive Works Drawings, 1870-1890, National Museum of American History: Archives Center, Smithsonian Institute. Finding Aid: http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives/d8353.htm Baldwin-Hamilton Company, 1971, Hagley Museum and Library. (trade books) Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation, 1950-1965, Hagley Museum and Library. (trade books) Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1929-1950, Hagley Museum and Library. (trade books)

Bibliography Brown, John K. 1958-. The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1915: A Study in American

Industrial Practice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Baldwin Locomotive Works. History of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1929.

Philadelphia: The Bingham Company, 1923.

Clark, Malcolm C., “The Birth of an Enterprise: Baldwin Locomotive, 1831-1842,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, 90, no. 4 (October 1966): 432-44.

Presbytery of Philadelphia, http://www.presbyphl.org/News/Doorways-summer

2003.htm#8 (accessed February 9, 2005) Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, www.rrmuseumpa.org (accessed February 9, 2005). Simpson, Henry. The Lives of Eminent Philadelphians. Philadelphia: W. Brotherhead, 1859.

http://www.presbyphl.org/News/Doorways-summer



Subjects Apprentices – Pennsylvania – 19th century Apprenticeship programs – Pennsylvania – 19th century Cuba – Commerce – 19th century Cuba – Economic conditions – 19th century Cuba – Emigration – 19th century Eddystone (Pa.) – Industries – 19th century Eddystone (Pa.) – Industries – 20th century Eddystone (Pa.) – Manufactures – 19th century Eddystone (Pa.) – Manufactures – 20th century Elizabeth (N.J.) Financial crises – United States Locomotive engineers – Philadelphia Locomotive industry– Accounting Locomotive industry – History Locomotive industry – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia Locomotive industry – Prices – 19th century Locomotive industry – Wages – 19th century Locomotive works – Accounting Locomotive works – History Locomotive works – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia Locomotive works – Prices – 19th century Locomotive works – Wages – 19th century Locomotives New York City (N.Y.) – Commerce – 19th century New York City (N.Y.) – Industries – 19th century New York City (N.Y.) – Manufactures – 19th century Philadelphia (Pa.) – Commerce – 19th century Philadelphia (Pa.) – Economic Conditions – 19th century Philadelphia (Pa.) – Industries – 19th century Philadelphia (Pa.) – Manufactures – 19th century Philadelphia (Pa.) – Social conditions – 19th century Factories – Pennsylvania – 19th century Freight and freightage Iron-works – History Iron-works – United States – 19th century Learners – Industrial – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia – 19th century Manufacturing industries – Accounting Manufacturing industries – New York Manufacturing industries – Pennsylvania Merchants – Correspondence – 19th century Merchants – New York – New York City – 19th century Merchants – Pennsylvania – Philadelphia – 19th century Presidents – United States – Election Railroads – Cuba – 19th century Railroads – United States – 19th century



Railroads – Wurttemberg (Germany) – 19th century Railroads – Freight Shipment of goods – 19th century Steam Locomotives United States – History – Civil War, 1861-1865 – Economic aspects United States – History – Civil War, 1861-1865 – Equipment and supplies United States – History – Civil War, 1861-1865 – Finance United States – History – Civil War, 1861-1865 – Foreign public opinion United States – History – Civil War, 1861-1865 – Technology United States – History – Civil War, 1861-1865 – Transportation United States – Industries – 19th century United States – Politics and government – 19th century United States – Social conditions – 19th century Wages – Apprentices Baird, Matthew, 1817-1877 Baldwin, Matthias W. (Matthias William), 1795-1866 Burnham, George, d. 1912 Cadwalader, George, 1806-1879 Clayton, John Echeverria, José Antonio Gulliver, John Hendricks, Harmon, 1771-1838 Hendricks, Henry, 1804-1861 Hendricks, Montague, 1811-1884 Hufty, George Lyman, Azel S. (Azel Storrs), b. 1815 Parry, Charles T., 1822-1887 Peale, Franklin, 1795-1870 Smith, Gilead A., b. 1822 Tyng, T.M. Vail, George, 1809-1875 Vail, Stephen, 1780-1864 Whitney, Asa, 1791-1874 Williams, Edward H. (Edward Higginson), 1824-1899 American Systematic Beneficence Society A. Whitney & Sons Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation. Baldwin Locomotive Works Baldwin Locomotive Works – History Baldwin locomotives Baldwin locomotives – History Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co. Camden and Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company Fletcher and Gardiner



Franklin Institute (Philadelphia, Pa.) General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of the City of New York New York and Erie Railroad Company Pennsylvania Railroad Philadelphia and Erie Railroad Company Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Co. Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works – Locomotives and locomotive building M. Baird & Co. Peale's Museum (Philadelphia, Pa.) Whig Party (U.S.)



Administrative Information

Restrictions None.

Acquisition information Gift of Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1946.

Preferred citation Cite as: [Indicate cited item or series here], Baldwin Locomotive Works Records (Collection 1485), The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Processing note Processing made possible by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this finding aid do not necessarily reflect those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Volumes 6 and 88 have been treated for mold. Letterbook August 11, 1842-October 4, 1843 was preservation photocopied, the copies of the letters were placed in box 1, and the original letters were discarded. The incoming letterbooks had been disbound in the summer of 2004.



Box and folder listing Series 1. Correspondence a. Outgoing

Title Date Box/Vol.

Folder

Letterbook No. 1 (specs and orders)

Jan. 14, 1836-Mar. 30, 1837 vol. 1

Items removed from vol. 1 Jan. 14, 1836-Mar. 30, 1837 1 1

Letterbook No. 2 (specs & orders)

Apr. 1, 1837-Feb. 22, 1839 vol. 2

Items removed from vol. 2 Apr. 1, 1837-Feb. 22, 1839 1 2

Letterbook (specs & orders) Feb. 22, 1839-Feb. 15, 1841 vol. 3

Letterbook (specs & orders) Feb. 19, 1841-Dec. 30, 1844 vol. 4

Items removed from vol. 4 Feb. 19, 1841-Dec. 30, 1844 1 3

Copies of letters Aug. 11, 1842-Aug. 19, 1842 1 4

Copies of Letters Aug. 1, 1842-Aug. 19, 1842 1 5

Copies of letters Aug. 29, 1842-Sept. 8, 1842 1 6

Copies of letters Sept. 8, 1842-Oct. 4, 1842 1 7

Copies of letters Oct. 4, 1842-Dec. 28, 1842 1 8

Copies of letters Jan. 9, 1843-Feb. 23, 1843 1 9

Copies of letters Feb. 27, 1843-Apr. 18, 1843 1 10

Copies of letters Apr. 22, 1843-May 21, 1843 1 11

Copies of letters May 21, 1843-Oct. 4, 1843 1 12

Letterbook (specs & orders) Nov. 22, 1842-Aug. 19, 1843 vol. 5

Items removed from vol. 5 Nov. 22, 1842-Aug. 19, 1843 1 13

Letterbook (specs & orders) [this volume has been treated for mold]

Aug. 21, 1843-Apr. 4, 1844 vol. 6

Letterbook (specs & orders) Mar. 20, 1844-Oct. 30, 1844 vol. 7

Letterbook (specs & orders) Oct. 30, 1844-Apr. 29, 1845 vol. 8

Letterbook (specs & orders) Apr. 30, 1845-Oct. 18, 1845 vol. 9

Letterbook A (specs & orders)

June 20, 1845-May 9, 1846 vol. 10

Items removed from vol. 10 June 20, 1845-May 9, 1846 1 14

Letterbook (specs & orders) Oct. 20, 1845 -May 29, 1846 vol. 11

Letterbook 2 (specs & orders)

May 12, 1846-Aug. 11, 1846 vol. 12


Aug. 1, 1846-Mar. 9, 1847 vol. 13


Mar. 9, 1847-Aug. 14, 1847 vol. 14


Aug. 14, 1847-Jan. 12, 1848 vol. 15




Jan. 12, 1848-June 24, 1848 vol. 16


June 24, 1848-Dec. 9, 1848 vol. 17

Items removed from vol. 7 June 24, 1848-Dec. 9, 1848 1 15


Nov. 15, 1848-May 14, 1849 vol. 18

Items removed from vol. 18 Nov. 15, 1848-May 14, 1849 1 16


May 15, 1849-Oct. 11, 1849 vol. 19


Oct. 13, 1849-Feb. 18, 1850 vol. 20


Feb. 18, 1850-July 12, 1850 vol. 21


July 13, 1850-Jan. 14, 1851 vol. 22

Letterbook (specs & orders) Jan. 14, 1851-May 26, 1851 vol. 23

Letterbook (specs & orders) May 26, 1851-Oct. 31, 1851 vol. 24


Nov. 1, 1851-Apr. 10, 1852 vol. 25

Items removed from vol. 25 Nov. 1, 1851-Apr. 10, 1852 1 17

Letterbook (specs & orders) Apr. 12, 1852-Sept. 17, 1852 vol. 26


Sept. 18, 1852-Feb. 28, 1853 vol. 27


Mar. 1, 1853-June 30, 1853 vol. 28


July 1, 1853-Nov. 30, 1853 vol. 29


Dec. 1, 1853-Apr. 26, 1854 vol. 30

Items removed from vol. 30 Dec. 1, 1853-Apr. 26, 1854 1 18


May 1, 1854-Sept. 14, 1854 vol. 31


Sept. 14, 1854-Jan. 18, 1855 vol. 32


Jan. 19, 1855-May 17, 1855 vol. 33


May 17, 1855-Sept. 1, 1855 vol. 34


Sept. 1, 1855-Dec. 4, 1855 vol. 35


Dec. 4, 1855-Mar. 20, 1856 vol. 36

Items removed from vol. 26 Dec. 4, 1855-Mar. 20, 1856 1 19


Mar. 21, 1856-June 16, 1856 vol. 37




Jan. 17, 1856-Sept. 15, 1856 vol. 38


Sept. 16, 1856-Dec. 16, 1856 vol. 39


Dec. 17, 1856-Mar. 21, 1857 vol. 40

Items removed from vol. 30 Dec. 17, 1856-Mar. 21, 1857 1 20


Mar. 27, 1857-July 11, 1857 vol. 41


July 11, 1857-Oct. 28, 1857 vol. 42


Oct. 29, 1857-Feb. 16, 1858 vol. 43

Letterbook (specs & orders) Feb. 16, 1858-Apr. 29, 1858 vol. 44

Letterbook (specs & orders) Apr. 29, 1858-July 31, 1858 vol. 45


Aug. 2, 1858-Oct. 25, 1858 vol. 46


Oct. 25, 1858-Jan. 18, 1859 vol. 47


Jan. 19, 1859-Apr. 13, 1859 vol. 48


Apr. 13, 1859-July 1, 1859 vol. 49


July 1, 1859-Sept. 21, 1859 vol. 50


Sept. 20, 1859-Nov. 29, 1859 vol. 51


Nov. 29, 1859-Feb. 6, 1860 vol. 52


Feb. 6, 1860-Apr. 11, 1860 vol. 53


Apr. 11, 1860-June 19, 1860 vol. 54

Letterbook (specs & orders) June 19, 1860-Aug. 27, 1860 vol. 55

Letterbook (specs & orders) Aug. 27, 1860-Oct. 25, 1860 vol. 56

Items removed from vol. 56 Aug. 27, 1860-Oct. 25, 1860 1 21

Letterbook (specs & orders) Oct. 26, 1860-Jan. 8, 1861 vol. 57


Jan. 8, 1861-Mar. 30, 1861 vol. 58

Letterbook (specs & orders) Mar. 30, 1861-July 17, 1861 vol. 59

Items removed from vol. 59 Mar. 30, 1861-July 17, 1861 1 22

Letterbook (specs & orders) July 18, 1861-Oct. 18, 1861 vol. 60

Letterbook (specs & orders) Oct. 19, 1861-Jan. 7, 1862 vol. 61

Items removed from vol. 61 Oct. 19, 1861-Jan. 7, 1862 1 23

Letterbook (specs & orders) Mar. 20, 1862-May 27, 1862 vol. 62




May 27, 1862-Aug. 11, 1862 vol. 63

Letterbook (specs & orders) Aug. 12, 1862-Nov. 1, 1862 vol. 64

Items removed from vol. 64 Aug. 12, 1862-Nov. 1, 1862 1 24


Nov. 3, 1862-Jan. 17, 1863 vol. 65

Letterbook (specs & orders) Jan. 17, 1863-Mar. 19, 1863 vol. 66


Mar. 19, 1863-June 5, 1863 vol. 67

Letterbook (specs & orders) June 6, 1863-Sept. 5, 1863 vol. 68

Letterbook (specs & orders) Sept. 7, 1863-Nov. 12, 1863 vol. 69

Letterbook (specs & orders) Nov. 12, 1863-Jan. 13, 1864 vol. 70


Jan. 14, 1864-Mar. 22, 1864 vol. 71

Letterbook (specs & orders) Mar. 23, 1864-June 4, 1864 vol. 72

Items removed from vol. 72 Mar. 23, 1864-June 4, 1864 1 25




Nov. 30, 1864-Feb. 9, 1865 vol. 75

Letterbook (specs & orders) Feb. 9, 1865-May 1, 1865 vol. 76

Letterbook (specs & orders) May 1, 1865-July 26, 1865 vol. 77

Letterbook (specs & orders) July 27, 1865-Oct. 7, 1865 vol. 78

Letterbook (specs & orders) Oct. 7, 1865-Dec. 6, 1865 vol. 79

Letterbook (specs & orders) Dec. 8, 1865-Feb. 15, 1866 vol. 80

Letterbook (specs & orders) Feb. 16, 1866-Apr. 18, 1866 vol. 81

Letterbook (specs & orders) Apr. 19, 1866-June 27, 1866 vol. 82



Letterbook (specs & orders) Nov. 1, 1866-Jan. 1, 1867 vol. 85

New York Office Letterbook Nov. 6, 1860-May 30, 1865 vol. 86

Letterbook (from John Gulliver, American Systematic Beneficence Society)

Mar. 11, 1856-Mar. 13, 1858 vol. 87

Items removed from vol. 87 Mar. 11, 1856-Mar. 13, 1858 1 26

Series 1. Correspondence b. Incoming

Title Date Box/Vol.

Folder

Old Specifications Letterbook No. 3 [this volume has been treated for mold]

1838-1843 vol. 88



Items removed from vol. 88 1838-1843 1 27

Incoming correspondence Index, June-Dec. 1842 1 28

Incoming correspondence June 27, 1842-Aug. 10, 1842 1 29

Incoming correspondence Aug. 11, 1842-Sept. 7, 1842 1 30

Incoming correspondence Sept. 7, 1842-Oct. 17, 1842 1 31

Incoming correspondence Oct. 18, 1842-Nov. 22, 1842 1 32

Incoming correspondence Nov. 24, 1842-Dec. 10, 1842 2 1

Incoming correspondence Dec. 12, 1842-Dec. 23, 1842 2 2

Incoming correspondence Index, Jan.-June 1843 2 3

Incoming correspondence Jan. 1, 1843-Jan. 25, 1843 2 4

Incoming correspondence Jan. 25, 1843-Feb. 27, 1843 2 5

Incoming correspondence Feb. 27, 1843- Mar. 16, 1843 2 6

Incoming correspondence Mar. 17, 1843-Apr. 10, 1843 2 7

Incoming correspondence Apr. 11, 1843- Apr. 27, 1843 2 8

Incoming correspondence Apr. 29, 1843-May 13, 1843 2 9

Incoming correspondence May 13, 1843-May 26, 1843 2 10

Incoming correspondence May 27, 1843-June 9, 1843 2 11

Incoming correspondence June 9, 1843-June 19, 1843 2 12


Incoming correspondence July 3, 1843-July 17, 1843 2 14

Incoming correspondence July 17, 1843-Aug. 2, 1843 2 15

Incoming correspondence Aug. 5, 1843-Aug. 18, 1843 2 16


Incoming correspondence Sept. 2, 1843-Sept. 26, 1843 3 1



Incoming correspondence Nov. 6, 1843-Nov. 18, 1843 3 4



Incoming correspondence Index, Jan.-June 1844 3 7



Incoming correspondence Feb. 6, 1844-Feb. 20, 1844 3 10

Incoming correspondence Feb. 21, 1844-Mar. 4, 1844 3 11

Incoming correspondence Mar. 5, 1844-Mar. 19, 1844 3 12



Incoming correspondence Apr. 6, 1844-Apr. 12, 1844 3 15






Incoming correspondence Index, July-Dec. 1844 4 4










Incoming correspondence Oct. 7, 1844-Oct. 14, 1844 4 12

























Incoming correspondence Index, July-Dec. 1845 6 1




Incoming correspondence July 31. 1845-Aug. 9, 1845 6 5

















Incoming correspondence Dec. 24, 1845-Dec. 31, 1845; June 26-28, 1845

6 20

Incoming correspondence Index, Jan.-Apr. 1846 7 1








Incoming correspondence Feb. 20, 1846-Feb. 27,1846 7 9













Incoming correspondence Index, May-Aug. 1846 8 1








Incoming correspondence June 27, 1846-July 3, 1846 8 9









Incoming correspondence Index, Sept.-Dec. 1846; letters, Sept. 1, 1846-Sept. 5, 1846

9 1






















Incoming correspondence Index to Jan.-Apr. 1847 10 1






































Incoming correspondence Sept. 8, 1847-Sept. 15,1847 11 13


Incoming correspondence Index, Oct.-Dec. 1847 11 15








Incoming correspondence Nov. 16, 1847-Nov. 18,1847 11 23







Incoming correspondence Index, Jan.-Apr. 1847 12 7



























Incoming correspondence Index, May-Aug. 1848 13 1




















Incoming correspondence Index, Jan.-Apr. 1849; letters, Jan. 1-11, 1849

14 1











Incoming correspondence Index, May-Aug. 1849; letters, May 1, 1849-May 8, 1849

14 10







Incoming correspondence May 21,1 849-June 6, 1849 14 17
















Incoming correspondence Index, Sept.-Dec. 1849; letters, Sept. 1, 1849-Sept. 8, 1849

15 1
















Incoming correspondence Index, Jan.-Apr. 1850; letters, Jan. 1, 1850-Jan. 9, 1850

15 17




















Incoming correspondence Index to May-Aug. 1850; May 1, 1850-May 4, 1850

16 1












Incoming correspondence July 27 , 1850-Aug. 22, 1850 16 13


Incoming correspondence Index to Sept.-Dec. 1850; Sept. 1, 1850-Sept. 6, 1850

16 15













Incoming correspondence Index to Jan.-Mar. 1851; Jan. 1, 1851-Jan. 9, 1851

17 1
















Incoming correspondence Index Apr.-June 1851; Apr. 1, 1851-Apr. 10, 1851

17 17

















Incoming correspondence Index to July-Sept. 1851; July 1, 1851-July 11, 1851

18 1














Incoming correspondence Index to Oct.-Dec. 1851; Oct. 1, 1851-Oct. 11, 1851

18 13





Incoming correspondence Sept. 18, 1851-Nov. 6, 1851 18 18








Incoming correspondence Index to Jan.-Apr. 1852; Jan. 1, 1852-Jan. 9, 1852

19 1















Incoming correspondence Apr. 1, 1852-Apr. 18 1852 19 16

Incoming correspondence Apr. 8,1852-Apr. 23, 1852 19 17



19 19









Incoming correspondence Mar. 26, 1852-June 19, 1852 19 26













20 10





















21 1



















Incoming correspondence Index to Apr.-July 1853; Apr. 1, 1853-Apr. 8, 1853

21 18



















Incoming correspondence Index Aug.-Dec. 1853; Aug. 1, 1853-Aug. 10, 1853

22 13








Incoming correspondence Sept. 29, 1853-Ocotber 11, 1853

23 1














23 12










Incoming correspondence Feb., 28, 1854-Mar. 16, 1854 23 22









Incoming correspondence Index to May-Aug. 1854; Apr. 22, 1854-May 5, 1854

24 9







Incoming correspondence June 9, 1854-June16, 1854 24 16












Incoming correspondence Index Sept.-Dec. 1854; Sept. 1, 1854-Sept. 9, 1854

25 1


















25 18


Incoming correspondence Dec. 28, 1854-Jan. 20, 1855 25 20
















26 1























26 21





















Incoming correspondence Index to Mid-Dec. 1855-Mar. 1856; Dec. 19, 1855-Dec. 29, 1856

27 10





















Incoming correspondence Index to Apr.-June 1856; Apr. 1, 1856-Apr. 15, 1856

28 1


















Incoming correspondence Index to July to Sept.; July 1, 1856-July 9, 1856

28 19



















29 1


















29 18























Incoming correspondence Index to Apr.-June 1857; Mar. 23, 1857-Apr. 7, 1857

30 14




Incoming correspondence Apr.18, 1857-Apr. 30, 1857 30 18














31 1



















32 1













Incoming correspondence Dec. 7, 1857-Dec. 16,1 857 32 12







32 18



Incoming correspondence Jan. 19, 1858-Janaury 26, 1858 32 21
















33 11

Incoming correspondence Apr. 5 , 1858-Apr. 10, 1858 33 12




















34 1



















34 19


















35 9























Incoming correspondence Index to Apr.-June 1859 36 1



















Incoming correspondence Index to July-Sept. 1859; June 22, 1859-July 4, 1859

36 20

























37 12
























38 1


























Incoming correspondence Index to Apr.-June 1860; Mar. 26, 1860-Mar. 31, 1860

39 1


























Incoming correspondence (from W.S.C. Otis)

Sept. 10, 1859-Apr. 16, 1863 39 25

Incoming correspondence Index to July-Sept. 1860; June2, 1860-July 5, 1860

39 26




















Incoming correspondence Index Oct.-Dec. 1860; Oct. 1, 1860-Oct. 4, 1860

40 12























41 1













41 13














42 1















Incoming correspondence Index Oct.-Dec. 1861; Oct. 1, 1861-Oct. 5, 1861

42 14


Incoming correspondence Oct. 12, 1861-Octber 17, 1861 42 16
















43 1





















43 21




















44 6




















45 1






















45 20








Incoming correspondence Jan. 29, 1863-Ferbaury 13, 1863 45 28














46 12



Incoming correspondence Apr. 15, 1863-Apr. 18, 1863-Apr. 18, 1863

46 15



















Incoming correspondence July-Sept. 1863; July 1, 1863-July 8, 1863

47 1



















Incoming correspondence Index Jan.-Mar. 1864; Jan. 1, 1864-Jan. 4, 1864

48 1





























49 1
























50 1






















50 20





















51 7

























52 1

















52 17


















53 1























53 23























54 11



















55 1
























Incoming correspondence Oct.-Dec. 1866; Oct. 1, 1866-Oct. 3, 1866

56 1
























Incoming correspondence (New York City Office)

Jan. 2, 1861-Feb. 13, 1861 57 1


Feb. 14, 1861-Mar. 23, 1861 57 2


Mar. 26, 1861-May 25, 1861 57 3


June 6, 1861-Aug. 23, 1861 57 4


Aug. 28, 1861-Nov. 4, 1861 57 5


Nov. 8, 1861-Feb. 18, 1861 57 6


Feb. 24, 1862-May 22, 1862 57 7


May 31, 1862-Nov. 10, 1862 57 8


Nov. 17, 1862-June 26, 1863 57 9


July 13, 1863-Nov. 23, 1863 57 10




Nov. 24, 1863-Apr. 23, 1864 57 11


May 7, 1864-Sept. 12, 1864 57 12


Sept. 21, 1863-Apr. 20, 1864 57 13


Apr. 21, 1864-Nov. 21, 1864 57 14


Nov. 12, 1864-Jan. 14, 1865 57 15


Jan. 18, 1865-July 6, 1865 57 16


July 7, 1865-Oct. 24, 1865 57 17


Oct. 5, 1865-Nov. 13, 1865 58 1


Nov. 15, 1865-Dec. 30, 1865 58 2


Dec. 30, 1865-Feb. 22, 1866 58 3


Feb. 23, 1866-Apr. 24, 1866 58 4


Apr. 26, 1866-June 27, 1866 58 5


June 29, 1866-July 21, 1866 58 6


July 26, 1866-Aug. 21, 1866 58 7


Aug. 21, 1866-Oct. 3, 1866 58 8


Oct. 8, 1866-Nov. 22, 1866 58 9


Nov. 8, 1866-Jan. 22, 1867 58 10


Jan. 12, 1867-Mar. 3, 1867 58 11


Mar. 2, 1867-Apr. 1, 1867 58 12


Apr. 1, 1867-Apr. 23, 1867 58 13


Apr. 24, 1867-May 25, 1867 58 14



Series 2. Orders

Title Date Box/Vol. Folder

Order Book Nov. 3, 1852-Dec. 31, 1858 vol. 89

Items removed from vol. 89 Nov. 3, 1852-Dec. 31, 1858 59 1

Order Book Jan. 2, 1854-June 10, 1861 vol. 90

Order Book June 10, 1861-Dec. 30, 1865 vol. 91

Items removed from vol. 91 June 10, 1861-Dec. 30, 1865 59 2

Extra Orders Book Jan. 1, 1866-Apr. 30, 1867 vol. 92

Order Book Apr. 16, 1868-June 30, 1869 vol. 93

Series 3. Account books a. Ledgers

Title Date Box Folder

Ledger May 18, 1825-Aug. 5, 1836 vol. 94

Items removed from vol. 94 May 18, 1825-Aug. 5, 1836 59 3

Ledger July 1, 1830-Dec. 31, 1832 vol. 95

Ledger Jan. 1, 1836-June 5, 1849 vol. 96

Items removed from vol. 96 Jan. 1, 1836-June 5, 1849 59 4

Ledger Apr. 1, 1839-Apr. 15, 1842 vol. 97

Items removed from vol. 97 Apr. 1, 1839-Apr. 15, 1842 59 5

Ledger Jan. 1, 1841-July 11, 1843 vol. 98

Items removed from vol. 98 Jan. 1, 1841-July 11, 1843 59 6

Ledger July 1, 1842-Dec. 31, 1846 vol. 99

Ledger Feb. 1, 1846-June 30, 1849 vol. 100

Items removed from vol. 100 Feb. 1, 1846-June 30, 1849 59 7

Ledger June 30, 1849-Dec. 31, 1852 vol. 101

Ledger Jan. 1, 1853-Dec. 31, 1856 vol. 102

Ledger #208 Jan. 1, 1854-Dec. 31, 1858 vol. 103

Items removed from vol. 103 Jan. 1, 1854-Dec. 31, 1858 59 8


Items removed from vol. 104 Jan. 1, 1859-Dec. 31, 1863 59 9

Index to volume 104 Jan. 1, 1859-Dec. 31, 1863 vol. 105


Series 3. Account books b. Journals


Journal #33 Apr. 8, 1839-Apr. 1, 1842 vol. 107

Items removed from vol. 107 Apr. 8, 1839-Apr. 1, 1842 59 10

Journal #34 June 16, 1841-Apr. 5, 1843 vol. 108

Journal #11 July 1, 1842-Oct. 10, 1846 vol. 109



Journal #28 Feb. 2, 1846-June 30, 1849 vol. 110

Journal #23

July 2, 1849-Apr. 30, 1853 vol. 111

Journal #187 Jan. 1, 1854-June 30, 1858 vol. 112

Journal July 1, 1858-Dec. 31, 1858 vol. 113

Journal July 1, 1857-June 30, 1860 vol. 149

Items removed from vol. 149 July 1, 1857-June 30, 1860 59 11

Journal Jan. 1, 1859-Feb. 13, 1863 vol. 150

Journal Feb. 18, 1863-Mar. 31, 1864 vol. 114

Journal Apr. 1, 1863-June 30, 1865 vol. 151

Journal Apr. 1, 1864-Dec. 31, 1867 vol. 152

Series 3. Account books c. Daybooks


Daybook Dec. 10, 1829-Aug. 18, 1836 vol. 115

Daybook & Journal #46 Nov. 16, 1835-Aug. 25, 1836 vol. 116

Daybook June 16, 1841-May 25, 1843 vol. 117

Daybook No. 2 June 21, 1845-Dec. 28, 1846 vol. 118

Daybook Feb. 2, 1846-Oct. 1848 vol. 119

Daybook #27 Nov. 1, 1848-Mar. 31, 1851 vol. 120

Daybook #42 Apr. 1, 1851-Dec. 31, 1853 vol. 121

Items removed from vol. 121 Apr. 1, 1851-Dec. 31, 1853 59 12

Daybook Mar. 4, 1853-Dec. 30, 1854 vol. 122

Daybook #18 Jan. 1, 1854-June 30, 1857 vol. 123

Daybook Jan. 6, 1855-Sept. 6, 1856 vol. 124

Daybook Jan. 1, 1857-Aug. 30, 1860 vol. 125

Daybook #36 Aug. 28, 1860-Dec. 6, 1862 vol.126

Daybook Jan. 2, 1860-Mar. 31, 1863 vol. 127

Daybook (Charges) Jan. 7, 1863-Dec. 31, 1864 vol. 128

Daybook (Charges) Jan. 2, 1865-May 21, 1866 vol. 129

Daybook (Charges) May 21, 1866-Apr. 30, 1867 vol. 130

Daybook July 1, 1865-Dec. 1, 1866 vol. 131

Series 3. Account books d. Cashbooks


Cashbook Apr. 10, 1839-Mar. 7, 1842 vol. 132

Cashbook Sept. 22, 1845-June 5, 1850 vol. 133

Cashbook Feb. 2, 1846-Jan. 31, 1848 vol. 134

Cashbook Feb. 1, 1848-Dec. 31, 1850 vol. 135



Items removed from vol. 135 Feb. 1, 1848-Dec. 31, 1850 59 13

Cashbook Jan. 1, 1851-Oct. 18, 1853 vol. 136

Cashbook Oct. 19, 1853-Apr. 23, 1860 vol. 137

Inserts removed from vol. 137

Oct. 19, 1853-Apr. 23, 1860 59 14

Cashbook Jan. 2, 1854-Dec. 31, 1858 vol. 138

Cashbook Jan. 1, 1859-July 1, 1864 vol. 139

Cashbook July 1, 1864-Aug. 19, 1867 vol. 140

Series 3. Account books e. Miscellaneous


Receipt Book May 1, 1849-Dec. 27, 1854 vol. 141

Items removed from vol. 141 May 1, 1849-Dec. 27, 1854 59 15

Inventory Book June 28, 1855-Oct. 2, 1855 vol. 142

Items removed from vol. 142 June 28, 1855-Oct. 2, 1855 59 16

Apprentice Book 1854-1861 vol. 143

Apprentice Book 1858-July 1861 vol. 144

Items removed from vol. 144 1858-July 1861 59 17

Apprentice Book Aug. 1861-Dec. 1868 vol. 145

Items removed from vol. 145 Aug. 1861-Dec. 1868 59 18

Charge Book A July 8, 1846-Apr. 26, 1849 vol. 146

Charge Book for Shop Work Jan. 2, 1858-Jan. 31, 1858 vol. 147

Memorandum for Loans #57 Feb. 1865-Jan. 1869 vol. 148

Loose index page n.d. 59 19

Documents

Baldwin Locomotive Works - Historical Society of Pennsylvania aid 1485 Baldwin.pdf · Baldwin Locomotive Works Records Collection 1485 1 The Historical Society of Pennsylvania Baldwin