Balancing Needs for

Renewable Integration

Presented in

UNFCC Conference Of Parties (COP) 23

at Bonn, Germany

On 14th November 2017

Presented by

V.SURESH

General Manager

POSOCO

China

1376mn, 9Lsqkm,

673 GW

3.93 MWh/Capita

RE – 23 %

Brazil

206mn, 8mn.sqkm,

77 GW

2.58 MWh/Capita

RE – 73 %

Russia

144mn, 17mnsq.Km,

157 GW

6.6 MWh/Capita

RE – 17 %

India

1293mn, 3mn.sqkm,

159GW

1 MWh/Capita

RE – 15 %

South Africa

54mn, 1mn.sqkm,

37GW

4.24 MWh/Capita

RE – 1 %

United States of

America

324mn, 9.8mn.sqkm,

262GW

12.96 MWh/Capita

RE – 13 %

Australia

24mn, 7.6 mnsq.km,

35GW

10 MWh/Capita

RE – 15 %

UK

65mn, 0.2mnsq.Km, 61

GW

5.13 MWh/Capita

RE – 19 %

France

66mn, 0.6mnsq.Km,

100 GW 6.95

MWh/Capita

RE – 16 %

Spain

46mn, 0.5mnsq.Km, 44

GW

5.36 MWh/Capita

RE – 40 %

Japan

127mn, 0.3mnsqkm, 64

GW

7.83 MWh/Capita

RE – 14 %

Bird’s Eye view of Indian Power System

Population, Area, Demand Met, Per Capita , RE - Penetration

2 Pre 1991

2003

1991

2013

2006

Indian Power System •Peak Demand ~ 160 GW

•Energy Met ~ 3.5 BUs/day

•Hydro Gen. ~ 712 MU/day (Max.)

•Wind Gen. ~ 310 MU/day (Max.)

•Generating Stations ~ 900 Nos.

•Generating Units ~ 2200 Nos.

•> 7000 Sub-stations,

•> 3100 transformers

•10 Nos. HVDC Bi-pole/BtB

•> 100 nos. 765 kV lines

•> 1300 nos. 400 kV lines,

•> 3200 nos. 220 kV lines

•31 ISTS transmission licensees

Indian Power Market

•Licensed Traders - 43 Nos.

•Market Participants > 3000 Nos.

•Two Power Exchanges (PXs)

•Indian Energy Exchange

•Power Exchange of India Ltd.

•Open Access Volumes

•Transactions ~ 45,000 Nos./yr.

•Bilateral ~ 14,000 Nos.

•Collective (PX) ~ 31,000 Nos.

•Energy ~ 100 BUs/yr.

•Bilateral ~ 65 BUs

•Collective (PX) ~ 35 BUs

•Short Term ~ 10 %

Type of RE Capacity in MW

Small Hydro 4384

Wind Power 32508

Bio Power 8295

Solar Power 13114

Total RE 58303

RE Capacity as on To-day

3

Wind potential 302 GW at 100m

Hub height.

Solar potential 750 GW

considering 3% of waste land.

0

50

100

150

200

2002 2007 2012 2017 2022

3.5 10.2 24.9

55

175

Re

ne

wa

ble

Ca

pa

cit

y in

GW

Wind Small Hydro Biomass Solar

Ambitious Renewable Energy Growth Plan of India.

Sources of Resources and Load Centre of India Present & Future Energy MIX

4

All India Demand during Summer,

Monsoon, Winter on typical days

Summer

15 GW

in 3 Hrs

12 GW

in 1 Hr

GW

Monsoon

16 GW

in 2 Hrs

GW

Winter

15 GW

in 3

Hrs

GW

Wind Generation Solar Generation

All India RE Generation Variation Pattern

Variability in Wind Generation

5

Average Variation of 500 MW from June to September

Tamil Nadu Wind April 2017

Karnataka Wind April 2017

SR-Inter Day Variations of Wind Generation in MU

Intra day & Inter day Variation pattern of Solar Generation

Inter day variation

Sharp Ramp Up / Down

Seasonal Variation

Sudden Variation

Weather Uncertainty

Intra day variation

Forecasting Errors

Frequency Control – Primary, Secondary & Tertiary

Flexi Watts – Hydro Flexing & Optimisation

Flexi Contracts & New Market Products

Outage coordination, Spinning Reserves &

Ancillary Services

Forecasting – Demand – RE – Scheduling – DSM

Flexi Loads – Pumped Hydro - ADSM – Lift Irrigation

Flexi Watts – Thermal – Tech Min & Reserve S/D

S

T

R

A

T

E

G

y

RE Balancing Needs Balancing Mechanisms

Flexi Hydro Operation

19 GW

15 GW

11

GW

7 GW

3 GW

Summer

Winter

Monsoon

MW

Kadamparai - Pump Storage Plant

Operational Pumped

Storage Hydro Plants

• Purulia (900 MW)

• Srisailam (900 MW)

• Kadamparai (400 MW)

• Ghatghar (250 MW)

• Bhira (150 MW)

Balancing with Pumped Storage Hydro Plant

Flexi Thermal Operation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep

Mill

ion U

nitse

Flexing of Thermal for Balancing Wind Generation in Karnataka

THERMAL

Wind

Frequency Control Ancillary Services – Security, Reliability and Economy

• Layer of Centralized Ancillary Despatch over Decentralized Layer of

Scheduling Process

• Ramp Management, Congestion Management

• Grid Resilience, Reliability Support

• Benefits to stakeholders – Generators & State Utilities

• Freedom and Choice available to states retained

• Improvement in Frequency Profile

Enabler – 24x7 Power for All

• RRAS Providers: 48 Nos.

• Capacity under RRAS: 52 GW

• RRAS Instructions (Avg.): 05 to 06

Nos./day

• Highest RRAS Up in a day: 3746 MW

• Highest RRAS Down in a day: 1946

MW

• Energy Despatch/day- Up : 6 MU,

Down : 1 MU

• Weekly Accounting

10

Primary

• All India - 4000 MW

• Outage of Ultra Mega Power Plant (UMPP) or any similar event

Secondary

• All India - 3623 MW

• NR – 800 MW

• WR – 800 MW

• SR – 1000 MW

• ER – 660 MW

• NER – 363 MW

Tertiary

• All India - 5218 MW

• NR – 1658 MW

• WR – 1353 MW

• SR – 1343 MW

• ER – 857 MW

• NER – 65 MW

• CERC Roadmap for Reserves

• Stakeholder Consultations

• Pilot project initiated– Sept. 16

• Coal fired based station – NTPC Dadri

• Plant level specifications - AGC signals

• Control actions from NLDC

Roadmap for Reserves

11

AGC:

• Pilot projects – NTPC Dadri Stg-II

– NTPC Simhadri Stg-II

– NPKUNTA Solar park

Implementation at NLDC level

- Equivalent to five (5) Regional AGCs

- CERC Roadmap for Reserves

- Stakeholder Consultations

Renewable Energy Management Centres

Status of Implementation

• 11 Nos. REMC

• State level (7 Nos.): Tamil Nadu,

AP, Karnataka, Gujarat,

Maharashtra, MP & Rajasthan

• National/Regional level (4 Nos.):

SRLDC, WRLDC, NRLDC and NLDC

• Implementation under progress

Co-located with respective Load Despatch Centres

• State, Regional and National level

• Forecasting , Real time tracking of generation from RE sources

• Advanced decision-making and control systems

• Single source information repository and coordination point for RE Different skill sets for personnel manning REMCs and LDCs

13

Lift Irrigation Schemes-Demand Response • Lift irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water, instead of being transported by

natural flow, requires external energy, majorly using Electric Pumps.

• These are Power Intensive projects and generally Synchronous machines are used

• A few states like Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra etc. are going for lift irrigation schemes in a big way All put together there would be ~ 12000MW

of Lift Irrigation Loads in SR

Electricity Market Measures Undertaken for Renewable

Integration

• More precision in bidding

• Additional opportunities

• Increased flexibility

• Sub-Hourly Bidding • Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism

Since March, 2011

Fulfillment of

RPO Obligation 1 MWHr = 1 REC

Wind, Solar, Urban Waste, Small Hydro,

Biomass, Bio-fuel

Accreditation by State Nodal

Agency

Registration, Issuance &

Redemption by NLDC

REC Trading at Power

Exchanges

Volumes

• > 1200 Accredited RE Generators

~ 5400 MW

• > 1100 Registered RE Generators ~

5000 MW

• > 33 Million RECs Issued

• > 16 Million RECs Traded

• Market trades ~ 350 Million Euros

www.recregistryindia.nic.in Prices

15

Multiple Task forces working on Hydro Resource Optimisation for bringing

synergised scheduling approach by all the State Sectors with win-win to every one

Implementation of Scheduling, Accounting, Metering and Settlement of Transactions (SAMAST)

in all States for full accountability & responsibility at Sub-control area level and improve efficiency

Implementing 5 minute time block scheduling in place of present 15 minute time block

Scheduling to recognise & reward the ramping & AGC performance of conventional generators

Narrow downing the operating frequency range to 49.95 – 50.05 facilitating lesser stress

on conventional generators as well as better primary response

Implementation of AGC in all CGS stations in Phase – 1 followed by major State Generators & IPPS

Implementation of Automatic Demand Side Management (ADSM) in major load centres

Operationalising & commissioning of more number of Pumped storage schemes

Implementation of Lift Irrigation schemes & other similar bulk load flexing

Commissioning of all Green Corridor projects facilitating ‘Zero’ evacuation constraint for RE Power

Establishment of REMC in all the RE rich states

Amendment of Technical Standards mandating strict protection requirements and

temporary storage options to partial offset of impacts during sun setting / cloud passing etc.,

Few Initiatives in pipe line for achieving the 175GW target by 2022 and harness RE further

Key findings: (100 GW Solar & 60GW Wind) 1. RE generates 370 TWh energy annually

2. Annual RE penetration is 22%, with an instantaneous peak of 54% of total demand & 1.4% RE Curtailment

3. Annual capacity factors of the RE plants are 21% for solar PV and 36% for Wind

4. For 56 hours of the year, 1 hr up-ramps exceed 25 GW, Max of 32 GW

5. Targets can be achievable with minimal integration challenges

Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy

into India s Electric Grid

MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM LOAD DAY IN 2022

With a pledge to work together for the Global Betterment