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Balance and Proportion
Vitruvian Man (1492) Leonardo da Vinci
Rhythm and MovementPrinciples of design that indicate movement by
the repetition of elements that guide the viewer’s eye through a work of art; creating a look and feeling of action.
Regular rhythm: has identical motifs and the exact same amount of space between them.
Alternating Rhythm: Vary motifs, change spacing, shift motif placement.
Principles of design Review
Formal/symmetrical Formal balance occurs when equal, or very similar,
elements are placed on opposite sides of a central axis. Your outstretched arms create formal balance.
Principles of design
Balance
Bronwyn McIvorCrystal Ward 2005
Informal/asymmetrical Informal balance involves a balance of unlike
objects. The weight added to your hand required you to use
informal balance to maintain your balance.
Principles of design
Balance
NMilare Lois Knight
Proportion Proportion is the principle of art concerned
with the size relationship of one part to another.
Principles of design
Proportion
Principles of design
Proportion Scale refers to
size measured against a standard reference. Human proportion
The head is the standard reference that defines human proportion. The average adult
is 7 1/2 heads tall.
Principles of design
Proportion
Foreshortening To shorten an
object to make it look as if it extends backward in space.
Principles of design
Proportion
Exaggeration & distortion Deviations from
expected, normal proportions. A technique use in caricature drawing.
How artist use design principles of
balance Size: Large forms appear heavier than small
forms. Several small forms can balance one large
form.
How artist use design principles of
balance Contour: Complex contour lines appear heavier
than simple contour lines. A small complex object can balance a
large simple object.
How artist use design principles of
balance Value: The stronger the
contrast in value between an object and the background, the more visual weight the object has.
How artist use design principles
Texture: A ruff texture has
an uneven pattern of light highlights and dark, uneven shadows. For this reason a ruff surface attracts a viewers eye more easily than smooth, even surface
How artist use design principles of
balance Position: Like balancing an object, the weight needs
to be the same on each side of the central axis. A large object close to the central axis of a work
can be balanced with a smaller object placed far from the central axis.
How artist use design principles of
proportion
Artists use correct proportions to create illusions of reality.
1623 "David"--Bernini, Gianlorenzo (1598-1680)