Baking & DoughIn your culinary journal:1. What do you feel is something that is very

important to know/remember when baking?2. What are some types of dough's you have made?3. What are some dough's you would like to make?

Baking: Basic Ingredients

• Baking Formulas:

Have been developed using exact types of ingredients, if the formula is

not followed precisely, the products texture and taste will be affected.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients

Gluten:

Firm elastic substance that affects the texture of baked products. The higher

the flours protein content the more potential it has to form gluten.

Gluten Replacement: xanthium gum

Crumb:

The internal texture of a baked product

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Flour

The proteins and starch in flour give

structure.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Examples:

• Hard wheat flour

• Soft wheat flour

• Bread flour

• Cake flour

• Pastry flour

Basic Ingredients: LiquidsLiquids are essential in baking. Too much water to a pie dough will

cause excess gluten formation with may result in a tough texture.Examples:• Water• Milk & Cream• Eggs• Sugar syrups• butter

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Fats

Fats surround or enclose the flour particles and prevent long strands of

gluten forming. This tenderizes the baked goods as well as adding flavor,

moistness, browning, flakiness and leavening.For example:• Shortening• Oil• Butter• Margarine

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Sugars & SweetenersSugars and sweeteners add a sweet, pleasant flavor to baked products

as well as:• Golden brown color• Stabilizes mixtures• Provides food for yeast• Retains moisture• Tenderizes baked goods by weakening the gluten strands• Base for icings

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Sugars & SweetenersTypes of:

• Molasses• Brown sugar• Turbinado sugar• Coarse sugar• Granulated sugar

• Confectioners/icing sugar• Superfine sugar• Corn syrup• Maple syrup• honey

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Eggs

Second most important ingredient in baked products.

They add:

• Structure & thickener• Emulsification- blend ingredients smoothly• Aeration-when beaten or whipped assist in leavening• Flavour• Colour-egg yolks add rich yellow colour

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Leavening AgentCauses baked goods to rice by introducing Carbon Dioxide or other gases into

the mixture. The gases expand from the heat of the oven, stretching the cell

walls in the baked product. The end result is a light, tender texture with good

volumeFor Example:• Air• Steam• Baking Soda• Baking Powder• Yeast

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Salt

Enhances the product through its own flavor as well as bringing out the

flavor of other ingredients. Salt also acts on gluten and results in

acceptable texture.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Flavouring

Enhance the flavor of the final baked good without influencing the

baking process.

For example:

• Extracts

• Spices

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Basic Ingredients: Dough

Contains less liquid than a batter, making it easy to work with your

hands. Doughs may even be stiff enough to cut into shapes. Doughs are

formed when the dry and liquid ingredients are combined to create

baked products.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Beating

Agitating ingredients vigorously to add air or develop gluten.

Use: spoon, electric or bench mixer with paddle attachment.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Blending

Mixing or folding two or more ingredients together until they are

evenly combined.

Use: Spoon, whisk, rubber spatula, or bench mixer with paddle

attachment for blending.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Creaming

Vigorously combining softened fat and sugar to add air.

Use: Electric or bench mixer with paddle attachment on medium speed

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Cut In

Mix solid fat with dry ingredients until lumps of the desired size remain.

Use: Pastry cutter, bench mixer and paddle attachment, two knives, or

fingers.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Folding

Gently adding light, airy ingredients such as eggs to heavier ingredients

by using a smooth circular movement.

Use: spoon or hands

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Kneading

Working the dough to develop gluten and evenly distribute ingredients.

Use: hands or bench mixer with dough hook

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Sifting

Passing dry ingredients such as flour through a wire mesh to remove

lumps, blend and add air.

Use: Rotary sifter, or mesh strainer by tapping the side over your bowl.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Stirring

Gently blending the ingredients until combined.

Use: spoon, rubber spatula or whisk

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

Mixing Methods: Whipping

Vigorously beating ingredients to add air.

Use: whisk, electric or bench mixer with whipping attachment.

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

BISCUITS!!!

• How to make?Watch video

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

BISCUITS: What makes a good biscuit?• Appearance: same size, flat tops and straight sides

• Color: golden brown crust

• Crumb: creamy and flaky

• Texture: light, tender and flaky. *Separate into layers

• Flavour: Pleasing, delicate flavor. * Bitter flavor? Too much baking powder.

What can we add?

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.

BISCUITS

How do we serve biscuits?

You will learn:How to prepare complex dough recipes by applying baking principles.