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Bait acceptability for delivery of oral Bait acceptability for delivery of oral rabies vaccine to free-ranging dogs on rabies vaccine to free-ranging dogs on
the Navajo and Hopi Nationsthe Navajo and Hopi Nations
David BergmanScott BenderKrista WenningDennis SlateChuck RupprechtChad Heuser Tom DeLiberto
Reasons Dogs are not VaccinatedReasons Dogs are not Vaccinated
Lack of fundingLack of funding Abandoned, lost, Abandoned, lost,
runawaysrunaways Feral/free rangingFeral/free ranging ForgotForgot Lack of timeLack of time CulturalCultural Lack of educationLack of education Lack of informationLack of information Lack of veterinariansLack of veterinarians Lack of vaccines Lack of vaccines
and/or vaccine clinicsand/or vaccine clinics Fear of the unknownFear of the unknown
Why the Nations?Why the Nations?
Is There Potential for Free-ranging Is There Potential for Free-ranging Dogs to be Vaccinated Using Dogs to be Vaccinated Using
ORV?ORV?
Methods - Bait SelectionMethods - Bait Selection
Bait-Tek Inc
Methods – “Hand-out” ModelMethods – “Hand-out” Model
Number of Feral Dogs Number of Feral Dogs Receiving Each Bait-typeReceiving Each Bait-type
161, 22%
188, 25%257, 35%
136, 18%
Ontario Slims
Fish Meal Polymer
Dog Food Polymer
Coated Sachets
n = 741
Ontario SlimsOntario Slims
62%
38%
Placebo Intact
Placebo Broken
Dog Food PolymerDog Food Polymer
47%
53%Placebo Intact
Placebo Broken
Fish Meal PolymerFish Meal Polymer
42%
58%
Placebo Intact
Placebo Broken
Coated SachetsCoated Sachets
21%
79%
Placebo Intact
Placebo Broken
PolymersPolymers
42%
58%
Placebo Intact Placebo Broken
47%53%
Placebo Intact Placebo Broken
df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 0.96Chi-square = 0.96 p p << 1 1
Fish MealPolymer
Dog FoodPolymer
Bait PreferenceBait Preference
45%
55%
Placebo Intact Placebo Broken
df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 51.21Chi-square = 51.21 p p << 0.001 0.001
Placebo Intact Placebo Broken
62%
38%
Placebo Intact Placebo Broken
df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 25.00Chi-square = 25.00 p p << 0.001 0.001
df: 1df: 1 Chi-square = 14.31Chi-square = 14.31 p p << 0.001 0.001
OntarioSlims Polymers
CoatedSachets
Today and BeyondToday and Beyond
Coated Sachet Coated Sachet – Preferred in this Preferred in this
studystudy ““Operational” for Operational” for
last 3 yearslast 3 years OpportunitiesOpportunities
– Biodegradable Biodegradable packetpacket
– Improved attractantImproved attractant
Thank You, Merci!Thank You, Merci!