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Yellow mountain-heatherPhyllodoce glanduliflora

Jeffrey’s shootingstar Dodecatheon jeffreyi

Club-moss mountain-heatherCassiope lycopodioides


Table A. Relationship between biogeoclimatic unit names used in Green and Klinka (1994) to those presented in this guide

Current BGC unit Green and Klinka (1994)CMAwh ATMHwhp no previous equivalenta

MHwh MHwh1, MHwh2CWHwh2 CWHwh2CWHwh1 CWHwh1CWHvh3 CWHvh2a Parkland was previously mapped as AT or ATp.

APPENDIX 1 Correlation between old and new biogeoclimatic and site units


Table A.2 Relationship between site unit numbers used in Green and Klinka (1994) and those presented in this guide a

Current site unit

Current biogeoclimatic unit (presented in this guide)a

CWHvh3 CWHwh1 CWHwh2 MHwh101 vh2/01, vh2/03 wh1/01 wh2/01, wh2/02 wh/01, wh/04b

102 vh2/02 wh1/02 N/Ac wh/02b

103 vh2/14, vh2/16 wh1/13, wh1/15 N/A N/A104 vh2/15 wh1/14 N/A N/A105 vh2/04 wh1/03, wh1/16 N/A N/A106 vh2/05, vh2/17 N/A N/A N/A110 vh2/06 wh1/04 wh2/03 wh/03b

111 vh2/08 wh1/05 wh2/05 wh/05, wh/06, wh/07, wh/09b

112 vh2/09 wh1/07 wh2/04, wh2/06 N/A113 vh2/10 wh1/08 N/A N/A114 vh2/07 wh1/09 N/A N/A115 vh2/11 wh1/10 N/A N/A116 vh2/18, vh2/19 wh1/06 N/A N/A117 vh2/13 wh1/17, wh1/18 N/A N/A118 N/A wh1/12 N/A N/AWb51 N/A wh1/11 N/A N/AWb53 vh2/12 N/A NPEd wh/08b

Wb54 NPE N/A NPE wh/08b

Wf51 NPE NPE N/A N/A

a See Appendix 4 of MacKenzie and Moran (2004) for crosswalk to other nonforested and wetland units.

b Includes both the MHwh and MHwh2, which were lumped as MHwh in Klinka and Green (994).

c Not applicable — site unit does not occur in the current classification for this biogeoclimatic unit presented in this guide.

d No previous equivalent — site unit did not occur in previous published classification for Haida Gwaii (Green and Klinka 994).


APPENDIX 2 The Gwaii Haanas Ecoregion and the three ecosections on Haida Gwaii a

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Masset

QueenCharlotte

PortClements

0 25 5012.5Kilometres

EcosectionQueen Charlotte Lowland

Skidegate Plateau

Queen Charlotte Ranges

a Note that the same three names (Queen Charlotte Lowland, Skidegate Plateau, and Queen Charlotte Ranges) were used by Holland (1976) to name the physiographic regions of Haida Gwaii with somewhat different boundaries from those shown in Figure 4.1. Throughout this field guide, we use these three names to refer to Holland’s physiographic regions, rather than ecosections.


APPENDIX 3 Comparison charts for visual estimation of foliage cover

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Figure A3. Example of percent coverages in a plot, viewed from above (British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range and British Columbia Ministry of Environment 2010).


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Figure A3.2 Comparison charts for visual estimation of foliage cover (British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range and British Columbia Ministry of Environment 2010).

APPENDIX 3 Continued


APPENDIX 4 Definitions of terms used in keys to relative soil moisture regime (Appendix 5) and soil nutrient regime (Appendix 6)

The keys in Appendices 5 and 6 are designed to assist users in identifying rela-tive soil moisture regime and soil nutrient regime using environmental features described during site assessment. Always check the results against other site and vegetation information.

Term Definition

Ridge crest Height of land; usually convex slope shape (soil water shedding).

Upper slope The generally convex-shaped, upper portion of a slope (soil water mostly shedding).

Middle slope The portion of a slope between the upper and lower slopes; the slope shape is usually straight (soil water shedding/receiving relatively equally).

Lower slope The moisture-receiving area towards the base of a slope; the slope shape is usually concave (soil water receiving).

Toe slope Areas directly below the lower slope, transitioning to the level area or depression at the base of the slope.

Flats Any level area (excludes slopes); the surface shape is generally straight with no distinct aspect and minimal slope (< 5%).

Depression Concave-shaped area, usually in flat or subdued topography or at the base of a slope.

Floodplain Post-glacial alluvial deposits bordering rivers and streams; still under the influence of periodic flooding and subirrigation.

Soil depth Depth from the ground surface to a restricting layer such as bedrock, strongly compacted, or strongly cemented material. Measured from the surface of the Organic (LFH) horizons, not from the interface of organic and mineral horizons.

Soil particle size Sandy (LS, S) with >35% volume of coarse fragments; coarse or loamy (SL, L, SCL) with >70% volume of coarse fragments.

Soil particle size Silty (SiL, Si) or clayey (SiCL, CL, SC, SiC, C) (all <65% sand) fine with low volume of coarse fragments (<20% by volume).

Soil colluvial Soils derived from colluvial parent materials; that is, products of mass-wasting not carried by wind, water, or ice. Examples would be creep, solifluction, earth flows, rockslides, avalanches, and landslides.


Alluvium Post-glacial, active floodplain deposits along rivers and streams as well as fans; usually a series of low benches and channels.

Gleyed Soil horizon characterized by grey colours or prominent mot-tling or both; indicates poor drainage and permanent (if dull coloured) or periodic (if mottles present) saturation by ground-water.

Mottles Pattern of red/yellow/orange patches in gleyed soils due to oxidization of iron in the soil when soil is exposed (indicative of periodic rather than permanent saturation).

Wet soil Soil with water table (or permanent seepage) less than 30 cm from the ground surface during the growing season.

Organic LFH Includes upland folic material derived primarily from leaves,horizons twigs, and woody materials; found at/above the surface of min-

eral soils.

Peat (organic “O”) Includes materials derived primarily from mosses (dominantlyhorizons peat-mosses), rushes, and woody materials accumulated in

wetland environments.

Organic material Organic material readily identifiable as to origin. poorly decomposed

Organic materials Organic material that for the most part has been transformed well decomposed into amorphic humic materials.

Mor, Moder, and See Appendix 3 for definitions of humus forms.Mull

Forest floor All organic materials (L, F, and H horizons) on the mineral soil surface.

Active seepage Seepage water moving across or downslope as opposed to stag-nant water table (latter often associated with gentle slopes and flats).

APPPENDIX 4 Continued


APPENDIX 5 Key to relative soil moisture regime for Haida Gwaii. (Modified from British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range and British Columbia Ministry of Environment 2010.) (Appendix 4 contains definitions of terms.)

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APPENDIX 6 Key to soil nutrient regime for Haida Gwaii. (Appendix 4 contains definitions of terms.)

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Table A7.2 Actual soil moisture regime classes corresponding to each relative soil moisture regime class for BEC units on Haida Gwaii

Relative SMR Classa

Biogeoclimatic unit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

MHwh SDb SD F F–M M VM W WCWHwh2 MD SD SD F F–M M VM–W WCWHwh1 MD SD SD F F–M M VM–W WCWHvh3 SD SD F F M M–VM W Wa Relative soil moisture regime: 0–very xeric, –xeric, 2–subxeric, 3–submesic, 4–mesic,

5–subhygric, 6–hygric, 7–subhydric.b Actual soil moisture regime: VD–very dry, MD–moderately dry, SD–slightly dry,

F–fresh, M–moist, VM–very moist, W–wet.

Table A7. Classification of actual soil moisture regimesa, b

Differentiating criteria ClassWater deficit occurs. Rooting-zone groundwater absent during the growing season.

Soil-stored reserve is used up and drought begins if current precipitation is insufficient for plant needs

Deficit > 3 months but ≤ 5 months (AET/PET ≤ 75 but > 55%)

very dry

Deficit > 1.5 months but ≤ 3 months (AET/PET ≤ 90 but > 75%)

moderately dry

Deficit > 0 but ≤ 1.5 months (AET/PET > 90%) slightly dry

No water deficit occurs. Rooting-zone groundwater usually absent during growing season.

Utilization (and recharge) occurs (current need for water exceeds supply and soil-stored water is used)

fresh

No utilization (current need for water does not exceed supply; temporary groundwater table [> 60 cm deep]may be present)

moist

No water deficit occurs. Rooting-zone groundwater present during the growing season.

Groundwater table > 30–60 cm deep very moistGroundwater table > 0 but ≤ 30 cm deep wetGroundwater table at or above the ground surface very wet

a Modified from Klinka et al. (2000).b AET – actual evapotranspiration; PET – potential evapotranspiration.

APPENDIX 7 Relationships between relative and actual soil moisture regime classes


APPENDIX 8 Plants referenced in this guide

Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Abi

es a

mab

ilis

amab

ilis fi

rA

chill

ea m

illef

oliu

mya

rrow

xil s

gunx

ulaa

/ xi

l sgu

nXul

xil s

gun.

ulaa

Adi

antu

m a

leut

icum

nort

hern

mai

denh

air f

ern

ts’aa

gul

ts’aa

gwaa

lA

gros

tis e

xara

tasp

ike

bent

gras

sA

lect

oria

sarm

ento

saco

mm

on w

itch’

s hai

rA

lnus

rubr

are

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kaal

, kal

kaal

, kal

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bros

ia ch

amis

soni

ssi

lver

bur

wee

dsk

iina

xil /

xil

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xula

axi

l sk’

yaaw

aa /

xil s

gun.

ulaa

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mop

hila

are

nari

aEu

rope

an b

each

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rtem

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ount

ain

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sple

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anes

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air s

plee

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l tl’l

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ljang

/ sn

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ang

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leni

um v

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sple

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ort

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yriu

m fi

lix-fe

min

ala

dy fe

rnts

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l sa

agw

aal

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ichu

m se

lwyn

iicr

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-bill

mos

sK

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b

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ipar

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pine

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tort

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ant

deer

fern

ts’aa

gul /

ts’aa

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l jaa

d / s

anaa

l jaa

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mer

ican

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itim

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blue

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e-an

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ered

reed

gras

sC

alth

a le

ptos

epal

aw

hite

mou

ntai

n m

arsh

-mar

igol

d

Tabl

e A8

. Pl

ants

refe

renc

ed in

this

gui

de in

alp

habe

tic o

rder

by

scie

ntifi

c na

me


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ntifi

c na

me

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ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

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seta

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panu

la ro

tund

ifolia

com

mon

har

ebel

lD

all /

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ll SG

ilGa

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lGah

lda

ll-xi

lC

ampy

lopu

s atr

ovir

ens

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k fis

h ho

ok m

oss

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xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb

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ex a

ntho

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ex d

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ey’s

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ek’

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k’an

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ex e

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ek’

anc

k’an

c

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ex li

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anc

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ex ly

ngby

eiLy

ngby

e’s se

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k’an

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anc

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ex m

acro

ceph

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larg

e-he

aded

sedg

ek’

anxa

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ats’a

hlk

’a.a

ayC

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roch

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larg

e-aw

ned

sedg

ek’

anc

k’an

c

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ex n

igri

cans

blac

k al

pine

sedg

ek’

anc

k’an

c

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ex o

bnup

taslo

ugh

sedg

ek’

anc

k’an

c

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ex p

luri

flora

man

y-flo

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ed se

dge

k’an

ck’

anc

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ex si

tche

nsis

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a se

dge

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anc

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ex sp

p.se

dges

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ex st

ylos

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ng-s

tyle

d se

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anc

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ount

ain-

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her

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ount

ain-

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ina

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ante

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ight

shad

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irsiu

m a

rven

seC

anad

a th

istle

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sium

pal

ustr

em

arsh

this

tle

Tabl

e A8

. Co

ntin

ued

Appendix 8 Continued


Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Cla

dina

spp.

rein

deer

lich

ens

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yton

ia si

biri

caSi

beri

an m

iner

’s-le

ttuc

eH

lk’u

uxaa

y / t

l’aan

g k’

uus x

ilH

lk’u

ng.ii

d / h

lk’u

ngiid

Coc

cotr

ema

mar

itim

umsu

rfsi

de se

apat

Con

iose

linum

gm

elin

iiPa

cific

hem

lock

-par

sley

gyaa

gyaa

k’al

sguu

naa /

hlk

’iid

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Gii

/ Naw

sgaa

wsid

aay

xil

ts’it

six

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ocep

halu

m co

nicu

msn

ake

liver

wor

txu

ud t’

aang

aalG

axu

t’aa

ngal

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tis a

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niifo

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leen

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aved

gol

dthr

ead

Cor

nus c

anad

ensi

sbu

nchb

erry

ts’ik

’apts

’iik’

ab /

ts’ii

k’ab

aa /

ts

’iik’

ab x

ilCy

tisus

scop

ariu

sSc

otch

bro

omD

esch

amps

ia ce

spito

sa

ss

p. b

erin

gens

istu

fted

hair

gras

sk’

anc

k’an

c

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ranu

m sp

p.he

ron’

s-bi

ll m

osse

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an, k

’iinx

aanb

k’in

.aan

b

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ecat

heon

jeffr

eyi

Jeffr

ey’s

shoo

tings

tar

daal

l XilG

ada

ll sg

ilGa

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sera

rotu

ndifo

liaro

und-

leav

ed su

ndew

Taa

Iina

ng k

’uug

ata

’inaa

ng k

’uug

Dro

sera

spp.

sund

ews

Dry

opte

ris e

xpan

sasp

iny

woo

d fe

rnts

’aagu

lsa

agw

aal

Empe

trum

nig

rum

crow

berr

yya

anan

g xi

lGa

xa sk

aa.a

waa

Erig

eron

per

egri

nus

suba

lpin

e da

isy

Erio

phor

um a

ngus

tifol

ium

narr

ow-le

aved

cot

ton-

gras

shl

tanG

waa

y / k

aajii

hl

tanG

waa

yhl

k’ya

anàa

t’am

dala

a

Eurh

ynch

ium

ore

ganu

mO

rego

n be

aked

-mos

ska

ayd

k’in

xan

Kiid

k’in

.ane

eFa

llopi

a ja

poni

caJa

pane

se k

notw

eed


Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Faur

ia cr

ista

-gal

lide

er-c

abba

gega

sàa

Fest

uca

rubr

are

d fe

scue

Fest

uca

subu

lata

bear

ded

fesc

ueFr

agar

ia ch

iloen

sis

coas

tal s

traw

berr

yhi

lGud

aGan

g / h

ilGud

aGaa

ng

(ber

ry)

hilld

a.aa

ng (b

erry

);

hilld

a.aa

ng x

il (p

lant

)G

aliu

m sp

p.be

dstr

aws

ts’a

hl t’

awsg

iid /

ts’a

hl

t’aw

sgid

/ ts

’ahl

t’aw

t’is

ts’a

hl t’

awsg

iid /

ts’a

hl

t’uus

giid

Gal

ium

trifl

orum

swee

t-sc

ente

d be

dstr

awG

aulth

eria

shal

lon

sala

lsk

’idG

an (b

erry

); sk

’idG

an

hlk’

aay.y

ii (b

ush)

sk

’id’aa

n (b

erry

); sk

’iihl

a,

sk’ii

hl /

sk’ii

hla

hlk’

a.aa

y (p

lant

)G

entia

na d

ougl

asia

nasw

amp

gent

ian

Gen

tiana

pla

type

tala

broa

d-pe

talle

d ge

ntia

nG

eum

calth

ifoliu

mca

ltha-

leav

ed a

vens

Geu

m sc

hofie

ldii

Que

en C

harlo

tte

aven

sG

laux

mar

itim

ase

a m

ilkw

ort

Gle

hnia

litt

oral

isA

mer

ican

gle

hnia

Gym

noca

rpiu

m d

ryop

teri

soa

k fe

rnhl

tan’

anda

Har

rim

anel

la st

elle

rian

aA

lask

an m

ount

ain-

heat

her

Hed

era

helix

Engl

ish

ivy

Her

acle

um m

axim

umco

w-p

arsn

iphl

k’iid

/ hl

k’iid

hlk

’aay.y

ii (b

ush)

hlk’

iid

Tabl

e A8

. Co

ntin

ued



Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Her

bert

us a

dunc

usco

mm

on sc

isso

r-le

af li

verw

ort

Hon

cken

ya p

eplo

ides

seab

each

sand

wor

tya

tlguu

tlaH

orde

um b

rach

yant

heru

mm

eado

w b

arle

yk’

anc

k’an

c

Hup

erzi

a ha

leak

alae

alpi

ne fi

r-m

oss

Hyl

ocom

ium

sple

nden

sst

ep m

oss

Hlln

ga k

’inxa

nhl

ii.ng

k’in

.ane

eH

ypop

tery

gium

faur

iei

limes

tone

fan

mos

sK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanb

k’in

.aan

b

Isoe

tes t

enel

labr

istle

-like

qui

llwor

tJu

ncus

arc

ticus

arct

ic ru

shk’

anc

k’an

c

Juni

peru

s com

mun

isco

mm

on ju

nipe

rka

yda

kaax

awaa

yhl

k’am

.aal

gin

n gy

aa.a

laas

/ G

aaya

ng’w

aal h

lk’a

.aay

Kal

mia

mic

roph

ylla

ssp.

occ

iden

talis

wes

tern

bog

-laur

elX

il ka

agan

Gag

an x

il

Lact

uca

mur

alis

wal

l let

tuce

Lath

yrus

japo

nicu

sbe

ach

pea

xuuy

a tlu

uGa

yaah

l tlu

waa

Lath

yrus

litt

oral

isgr

ey b

each

pea

vine

Leuc

olep

is ac

anth

oneu

ron

palm

tree

mos

sK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanb

k’in

.aan

b

Leym

us m

ollis

dune

wild

rye

hlky

ama

/ chi

ixu

k’an

Ligu

stic

um ca

lder

iC

alde

r’s lo

vage

List

era

caur

ina

nort

hwes

tern

tway

blad

eLi

ster

a co

rdat

ahe

art-

leav

ed tw

aybl

ade

Loba

ria

spp.

lung

wor

t lic

hens

Loba

ria

linita

cabb

age

lung

Loba

ria

pulm

onar

ialu

ngw

ort


Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Lobe

lia d

ortm

anna

wat

er lo

belia

Lois

eleu

ria

proc

umbe

nsal

pine

-aza

lea

Loni

cera

invo

lucr

ata

blac

k tw

inbe

rry

xuuy

a G

aanG

a / x

uuya

Gaa

n (b

erry

); xu

uya

Gaa

nGa

hl

k’aa

y.yii

/ xu

uya

Gaa

n

yaah

l Gaa

naa

Luet

kea

pect

inat

apa

rtri

dge-

foot

Lupi

nus l

ittor

alis

seas

hore

lupi

neta

Gan

sk’y

aa (r

oot)

ta.a

nsk’

yaaw

xil

(pla

nt)

Luzu

la m

ultifl

ora

man

y-flo

wer

ed w

ood-

rush

k’an

ck’

anc

Luzu

la p

arvi

flora

smal

l-flow

ered

woo

d-ru

shk’

anc

k’an

c

Lyco

podi

ella

inun

data

bog

club

-mos

sLy

copo

dium

clav

atum

runn

ing

club

-mos

sk’

aad

dllji

gaw

aay

k’aa

d dl

ajga

a.w

eeLy

sich

iton

amer

ican

ussk

unk

cabb

age

hlgu

n /

Sgan

Sgw

anhl

gun

Mai

anth

emum

dila

tatu

mfa

lse

lily-

of-t

he-v

alle

ySi

iGan

(ber

ry);

SiiG

an

hlk’

aay.y

ii (p

lant

)sa

.an

(ber

ry);

sa.a

n xi

l (p

lant

) M

alus

fusc

aPa

cific

cra

b ap

ple

K’ay

(fru

it);

k’an

hla

/ k’a

nhll

(tre

e)K

’ay /

k’aa

y (fr

uit);

k’ay

anhl

a /

k’a’

inhl

a / k

’ay-h

lk’a.

aay

(tree

)M

elic

a su

bula

taA

lask

a on

iong

rass

Men

zies

ia fe

rrug

inea

fals

e az

alea

k’aa

s (flo

wer

); k’

aas h

lk’aa

y.yii

(b

ush)

k’as

/ k’

aas

Mic

rant

hes f

erru

gine

aA

lask

a sa

xifr

age

Mic

rose

ris b

orea

lisap

argi

dium

Mim

ulus

gut

tatu

sye

llow

mon

key-

flow

ersG

aal c

hiit’

iisgu

uxi

l ‘an

g da

n tii

daal

s

Tabl

e A8

. Co

ntin

ued



Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Mni

um sp

inul

osum

red-

mou

thed

leaf

y m

oss

K’in

xan

K’in

xan

Mon

eses

uni

flora

sing

le d

elig

htxi

lGuG

axi

laaw

gM

yric

a ga

lesw

eet g

ale

Nup

har p

olys

epal

aye

llow

pon

d-lil

yxi

l gay

dllg

ins /

xill

a gay

dllg

ing

/ x

iila

gayd

llgya

ng (r

oot)

xil g

iidla

gang

Oen

anth

e sar

men

tosa

Paci

fic w

ater

-par

sley

Hlk

’inxa

Sga

awsi

daay

/ hl

k’iid

Giid

Gii

H

lk’in

xa S

gaaw

sida

ay /

hlk’

iid G

iidG

ii

Opl

opan

ax h

orri

dus

devi

l’s c

lub

ts’ii

hlin

jaaw

/ ts

’iihl

lnja

awts

’iihl

anja

awO

rthi

lia se

cund

aon

e-si

ded

win

terg

reen

Oxy

cocc

us o

xyco

ccos

bog

cran

berr

yD

ah (b

erry

); d

ah h

lk’aa

y.yaa

y (v

ine)

Dah

(ber

ry);

dah

hlk’

a.aa

y (v

ine)

Pack

era

subn

uda

var.

m

ores

bien

sis

Que

en C

harlo

tte

butt

erw

eed

Pedi

cula

ris l

anat

aw

oolly

lous

ewor

tPe

llia

nees

iana

shin

y liv

erw

ort

Pelti

gera

pol

ydac

tylo

nfr

og p

elt l

iche

nPe

rsic

aria

wal

lichi

iH

imal

ayan

kno

twee

dPh

egop

teri

s con

nect

ilis

narr

ow b

eech

fern

Phyl

lodo

ce g

land

ulifl

ora

yello

w m

ount

ain-

heat

her

Pice

a sit

chen

sis

Sitk

a sp

ruce

ka

yd /

Kaa

yd (t

ree)

Kiid

(tre

e)Pi

ngui

cula

vul

gari

sco

mm

on b

utte

rwor

tPi

nus c

onto

rta

var.

cont

orta

shor

e pi

nets

’ahl

ts’a

hla

/ ts’a

hlPl

agio

mni

um in

signe

coas

tal l

eafy

mos

sK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanb

k’in

.aan

b

Plag

ioth

eciu

m u

ndul

atum

flat-m

oss

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb


Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Plan

tago

mac

roca

rpa

Ala

ska

plan

tain

‘Laa

na h

lgun

Ga

/ ‘La

ana

xilG

a‘la

anaa

hlg

unPl

anta

go m

ariti

ma

sea

plan

tain

Poa

confi

nis

beac

h bl

uegr

ass

k’an

ck’

anc

Poa

mac

rant

hadu

ne b

lueg

rass

k’an

ck’

anc

Poly

stic

hum

lonc

hitis

nort

hern

hol

ly fe

rnts

’aagu

lsa

agw

aal

Poly

stic

hum

mun

itum

swor

d fe

rnts

’aagu

lts

’aagw

aal

Poly

tric

hast

rum

alp

inum

stiff

-leav

ed h

air c

ap m

oss

Popu

lus t

rich

ocar

pabl

ack

cott

onw

ood

Pota

mog

eton

nat

ans

com

mon

pon

dwee

dG

andl

l xilG

a / G

andl

l xiil

aay

Agu

n’xi

laPo

tent

illa

eged

iico

ast s

ilver

wee

dts

’iiaa

l (ro

ot);

ts’ii

aal x

il

(pla

nt)

ts’a

.al /

ts’a’

al (r

oot)

; ts’a

.al

xil (

plan

t)

Pote

ntill

a vi

llosa

villo

us c

inqu

efoi

lt’i

isgu

u sk

aahl

lnPr

enan

thes

ala

taw

este

rn ra

ttle

snak

e-ro

otPs

eudo

tsug

a m

enzi

esii

Dou

glas

-fir

Raco

mitr

ium

spp.

rock

-mos

ses

Raco

mitr

ium

lanu

gino

sum

hoar

y ro

ck-m

oss

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb

Rhiz

omni

um g

labr

esce

nsla

rge

leaf

y m

oss

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb

Rhiz

omni

um m

agni

foliu

mla

rge-

leaf

leaf

y m

oss

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb

Rhod

oden

dron

gro

enla

ndic

umLa

brad

or te

a

Rhyn

chos

pora

alb

aw

hite

bea

k-ru

shRh

ytid

iade

lphu

s lor

eus

lank

y m

oss

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb

Tabl

e A8

. Co

ntin

ued



Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Rhyt

idia

delp

hus s

quar

rosu

sbe

nt-le

af m

oss

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb

Rhyt

idio

psis

robu

sta

pipe

clea

ner m

oss

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nb k’

in.a

anb

Rubu

s cha

mae

mor

uscl

oudb

erry

k’aa

xu ts

’alaa

ng.G

a / tl

lGaa

nGa

k’a.a

w ts

’ala

angg

aRu

bus p

edat

usfiv

e-le

aved

bra

mbl

etll

ga G

aanG

a / T

l’aay

tl’aa

y G

aanG

atl

’ant

s’uud

gaa

naa

Rubu

s spe

ctab

ilis

salm

onbe

rry

sk’aa

wG

an (b

erry

); sk

’aaw

hl

k’aa

y.yii

(bus

h)sk

’aw

Rupp

ia m

ariti

ma

beak

ed d

itch-

gras

s, w

idge

on-g

rass

Sam

bucu

s rac

emos

are

d el

derb

erry

jiitl’

l (be

rry)

; jiit

l’l h

lk’aa

y.yii

(bus

h)ja

tl’a

/ jat

l’ (b

erry

); st

iid /

stiid

-xil

/ stii

d-hl

k’a.

aay

(bus

h)Sa

ngui

sorb

a st

ipul

ata

Sitk

a bu

rnet

Sarc

ocor

nia

paci

fica

sea

aspa

ragu

s, gl

assw

ort,

Paci

fic sw

ampfi

reSa

xifr

aga

tayl

ori

Tayl

or’s

saxi

frag

eSc

apan

ia b

olan

deri

yello

w-la

dle

liver

wor

tSe

neci

o tr

iang

ular

isar

row

-leav

ed g

roun

dsel

Sino

sene

cio

new

com

bei

New

com

be’s

butt

erw

eed

Siph

ula

cera

tites

nort

hern

wat

erfin

gers

Sisy

rinc

hium

litt

oral

esh

ore

blue

-eye

d-gr

ass

Sper

gula

ria

cana

dens

isC

anad

ian

sand

-spu

rry

Spha

gnum

aus

tinii

toug

h pe

at-m

oss

K’aa

la k

’inxa

ndk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

need

Spha

gnum

capi

llifo

lium

com

mon

red

peat

-mos

sK

’aala

k’in

xan

k’al

.aa

k’in

.ane

e


Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Spha

gnum

fusc

umco

mm

on b

row

n pe

at-m

oss

K’aa

la k

’inxa

nk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

nee

Spha

gnum

gir

gens

ohni

i co

mm

on g

reen

pea

t-mos

sK

’aala

k’in

xan

k’al

.aa

k’in

.ane

eSp

hagn

um p

apill

osum

fat p

eat-m

oss

K’aa

la k

’inxa

nk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

nee

Spha

gnum

spp.

peat

-mos

ses

K’aa

la k

’inxa

nk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

nee

Spir

aea

doug

lasii

hard

hack

Stre

ptop

us a

mpl

exifo

lius

clas

ping

twis

teds

talk

St’aw

Gaa

nGa

(pla

nt);

st’aw

lii

Gaa

nGa

(ber

ry)

taan

gaa

naa

xil (

plan

t);

st’aw

Gaa

naa

/ st’u

u G

aana

a (b

erry

)St

rept

opus

lanc

eola

tus

rosy

twis

teds

talk

taan

Gaa

naa

Stre

ptop

us st

rept

opoi

des

smal

l tw

iste

dsta

lkSy

mph

yotr

ichu

m

su

bspi

catu

mD

ougl

as’ a

ster

Tana

cetu

m b

ipin

natu

mdu

ne ta

nsy

Xil

sgun

xula

Tsaa

.u ts

’aag

waa

lTa

xus b

revi

folia

wes

tern

yew

HlG

iidH

lGíid

Thuj

a pl

icat

aw

este

rn re

dced

ar

ts’u

uts

’uu

Tiar

ella

trifo

liata

thre

e-le

aved

foam

flow

erTr

icho

phor

um ce

spito

sum

tufte

d cl

ubru

shTr

ient

alis

euro

paea

ssp.

arc

tica

nort

hern

star

flow

er

Trifo

lium

wor

msk

iold

iisp

ring

bank

clo

ver

Naa

’a (r

hizo

mes

);

naa’a

hlk

’aay.y

ii (p

lant

)Tr

iglo

chin

mar

itim

ase

asid

e ar

row

-gra

ssK

’an

hlga

mG

anda

hlgi

d.un

t’aa

ngal

Appendix 8 ContinuedTa

ble

A8.

Cont

inue

d


Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Tris

etum

cane

scen

sta

ll tr

iset

umTr

iset

um ce

rnuu

mno

ddin

g tr

iset

umTs

uga

hete

roph

ylla

wes

tern

hem

lock

k’

aang

k’aa

ngTs

uga

mer

tens

iana

mou

ntai

n he

mlo

ck

k’aa

ngk’

aang

Ule

x eu

ropa

eus

gors

eU

tric

ular

ia v

ulga

ris

com

mon

bla

dder

wor

tVa

ccin

ium

ala

skae

nse

Ala

ska

blue

berr

yH

ldaa

n (b

erry

);

hlda

an h

lk’aa

y.yii

(bus

h)hl

daan

Vacc

iniu

m ca

espi

tosu

mdw

arf b

lueb

erry

Vacc

iniu

m o

valif

oliu

mov

al-le

aved

blu

eber

ryH

ldaa

n G

aada

ga (b

erry

); hl

daan

hlk

’aay.y

ii (b

ush)

hlda

an

Vacc

iniu

m p

arvi

foliu

mre

d hu

ckle

berr

ysG

iidllG

uu (b

erry

); sG

iidllG

uu

hlk’

aay.y

ii (b

ush)

sgid

luu

Vacc

iniu

m u

ligin

osum

bog

blue

berr

ytll

ga G

aanG

a / G

aan

xaaw

laga

an x

aw’la

aVa

ccin

ium

viti

s-id

aea

lingo

nber

rysk

’aagi

i cha

ay /

tllga

Gaa

nGa

(ber

ry)

skag

a ts

aay

Vale

rian

a sit

chen

sis

Sitk

a va

leri

anVe

ratr

um v

irid

eIn

dian

hel

lebo

regw

aayk

’yah

/ G

waa

y K

’yah

hl

k’aa

y.yii

(bus

h)gw

aayk

’aa


Scie

ntifi

c na

me

Engl

ish

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

Vero

nica

bec

cabu

nga

Am

eric

an sp

eedw

ell

Verr

ucar

ia sp

p.V

iola

spp.

viol

ets

Daa

ll sg

iiV

iola

bifl

ora

ssp.

carl

otta

eQ

ueen

Cha

rlott

e tw

inflo

wer

viol

et

a In

ord

er to

pro

noun

ce th

e na

mes

pro

perl

y, it

is im

port

ant t

o in

clud

e th

e un

derl

ines

, apo

stro

phes

, and

per

iods

in th

e na

mes

.

b G

ener

al n

ame

for m

oss.

c G

ener

al n

ame

for g

rass

es a

nd g

rass

-lik

e pl

ants

.

d A

ll sp

hagn

um h

ave

the

sam

e na

me,

exc

ept w

hen

desc

ribi

ng th

at it

is th

ick.

Refe

renc

es fo

r pla

nt n

ames

:

– “P

lant

s of X

aayd

a G

waa

y” l

ist o

f Jan

uary

3, 2

02,

Ski

dega

te H

aida

Imm

ersi

on P

rogr

am (

SHIP

).

– SH

IP X

AA

YD

A K

IL G

LOSS

ARY

– D

EC 2

02.

– Tu

rner

, N.J.

200

4. P

lant

s of H

aida

Gw

aii X

aada

a G

waa

y gu

d gi

na k

’ aw

s (Sk

ideg

ate)

Xaa

daa

Gw

aaye

e gu

u gi

in k

’ aw

s (M

asse

tt) 2

004

& 2

00,

Son

o N

is P

ress

, Win

law

, BC

.

– E-

Flor

a BC

Ele

ctro

nic

Atla

s of t

he fl

ora

of B

ritis

h C

olum

bia.

ww

w.g

eog.

ubc.

ca/b

iodi

vesi

ty/e

flora

/inde

x.sh

tml.

– M

acK

enzi

e, W

.H.,

J. Pe

nny,

D. M

eidi

nger

, and

T. G

owar

d. 2

04.

Vas

cula

r and

non

-vas

cula

r spe

cies

list

for B

ritis

h C

olum

bia

with

sy

nony

my

and

data

cod

es: v

ersi

on 8

. [A

CC

ESS

2007

Dat

abas

e]. P

rovi

nce

of B

ritis

h C

olum

bia.

Acc

esse

d on

line

w

ww

.for.g

ov.b

c.ca

/hre

/bec

web

/res

ourc

es/c

odes

-sta

ndar

ds/s

tand

ards

-spe

cies

.htm

l

Tabl

e A8

. Co

nclu

ded



Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

alde

r, re

d A

lnus

rubr

aka

al, k

alka

al, k

alal

pine

-aza

lea

Lois

eleu

ria

proc

umbe

nsap

argi

dium

Mic

rose

ris b

orea

lisap

ple,

Pac

ific

crab

M

alus

fusc

aK

’ay (f

ruit)

; k’

anhl

a / k

’anh

ll (t

ree)

K’ay

/ k’

aay

(fru

it); k

’ayan

hla

/ k’

a’in

hla

/ k’ay

-hlk

’a.a

ay (

tree

)ar

row

-gra

ss, s

easi

de

Trig

loch

in m

ariti

ma

K’a

n hl

gam

Gan

dahl

gid.

un t’

aang

alas

ter,

Dou

glas

’ Sy

mph

yotr

ichu

m su

bspi

catu

mav

ens,

calth

a-le

aved

G

eum

calth

ifoliu

mav

ens,

Que

en C

harlo

tte

Geu

m sc

hofie

ldii

barle

y, m

eado

w

Hor

deum

bra

chya

nthe

rum

k’an

bk’

anb

beac

hgra

ss, E

urop

ean

Am

mop

hila

are

nari

abe

aked

-mos

s, O

rego

nEu

rhyn

chiu

m o

rega

num

kaay

d k’

inxa

nK

iid k

’in.a

nee

beak

-rus

h, w

hite

Rh

ynch

ospo

ra a

lba

beds

traw

, sw

eet-

scen

ted

Gal

ium

trifl

orum

beds

traw

sG

aliu

m sp

p.ts

’ahl

t’aw

sgiid

/ ts

’ahl

t’aw

sgid

/

ts’a

hl t’

awt’i

sts

’ahl

t’aw

sgiid

/ ts

’ahl

t’uu

sgiid

bent

gras

s, sp

ike

Agr

ostis

exa

rata

bist

ort,

alpi

neBi

stor

ta v

ivip

ara

blad

derw

ort,

com

mon

U

tric

ular

ia v

ulga

ris

blue

berr

y, A

lask

a Va

ccin

ium

ala

skae

nse

Hld

aan

(ber

ry);

hlda

an h

lk’aa

y.yii

(bus

h)hl

daan

blue

berr

y, b

og

Vacc

iniu

m u

ligin

osum

tllga

Gaa

nGa

/ Gaa

n xa

aw la

gaan

xaw

’laa

Tabl

e A8

.2 P

lant

s ref

eren

ced

in th

is g

uide

in a

lpha

betic

ord

er b

y En

glis

h na

me


Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

blue

berr

y, d

war

f Va

ccin

ium

caes

pito

sum

blue

berr

y, o

val-l

eave

d Va

ccin

ium

ova

lifol

ium

Hld

aan

Gaa

daga

(ber

ry);

hlda

an

hlk’

aay.y

ii (b

ush)

hlda

an

blue

-eye

d-gr

ass,

shor

e Si

syri

nchi

um li

ttor

ale

blue

gras

s, be

ach

Poa

confi

nis

k’an

bk’

anb

blue

gras

s, du

ne

Poa

mac

rant

hak’

anb

k’an

b

blue

join

tC

alam

agro

stis

cana

dens

isbo

g-la

urel

, wes

tern

K

alm

ia m

icro

phyl

la ss

p.

oc

cide

ntal

isX

il ka

agan

Gag

an x

il

bram

ble,

five

-leav

ed

Rubu

s ped

atus

tllga

Gaa

nGa

/ Tl’a

ay tl

’aay

Gaa

nGa

tl’a

nts’u

ud g

aana

abr

oom

, Sco

tch

Cytis

us sc

opar

ius

bunc

hber

ryC

ornu

s can

aden

sis

ts’ik

’apts

’iik’

ab /

ts’ii

k’ab

aa /

ts’ii

k’ab

xil

burn

et, S

itka

Sang

uiso

rba

stip

ulat

abu

rwee

d, si

lver

Am

bros

ia ch

amis

soni

ssk

iina

xil /

Xil

Sgun

Xul

aaxi

l sk’

yaaw

aa /

xil s

gun.

ulaa

butt

erw

eed,

New

com

be’s

Sino

sene

cio

new

com

bei

butt

erw

eed,

Que

en

C

harlo

tte

Pack

era

subn

uda

var.

mor

esbi

ensi

sbu

tter

wor

t, co

mm

on

Ping

uicu

la v

ulga

ris

cinq

uefo

il, v

illou

s Po

tent

illa

villo

sat’i

isgu

u sk

aahl

lncl

oudb

erry

Rubu

s cha

mae

mor

usk’

aaxu

ts’a

laan

g.G

a / t

llGaa

nGa

k’a.a

w ts

’ala

angg

acl

over

, spr

ingb

ank

Trifo

lium

wor

msk

iold

iiN

aa’a

(rhi

zom

es);

naa’a

hlk

’aay.y

ii (p

lant

)cl

ub-m

oss,

bog

Lyco

podi

ella

inun

data

Tabl

e A8

.2 C

ontin

ued



Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

club

-mos

s, ru

nnin

g Ly

copo

dium

clav

atum

k’aa

d dl

ljiga

waa

yk’

aad

dlaj

gaa.

wee

club

rush

, tuft

ed

Tric

hoph

orum

cesp

itosu

mco

tton-

gras

s, na

rrow

-leav

ed E

riop

horu

m a

ngus

tifol

ium

hlta

nGw

aay

/ kaa

jii h

ltanG

waa

yhl

k’ya

anaa

t’am

dala

aco

tton

woo

d, b

lack

Popu

lus t

rich

ocar

paco

w-p

arsn

ipH

erac

leum

max

imum

hlk’

iid /

hlk’

iid h

lk’aa

y.yii

(bus

h)hl

k’iid

cran

berr

y, b

og

Oxy

cocc

us o

xyco

ccos

Dah

(ber

ry);

dah

hlk

’aay.y

aay

(v

ine)

Dah

(ber

ry);

dah

hlk’

a.aa

y (v

ine)

crow

berr

yEm

petr

um n

igru

mya

anan

g xi

lGa

xa sk

aa.a

waa

dais

y, su

balp

ine

Erig

eron

per

egri

nus

deer

-cab

bage

Faur

ia cr

ista

-gal

liga

saa

devi

l’s c

lub

Opl

opan

ax h

orri

dus

ts’ii

hlin

jaaw

/ ts

’iihl

lnja

awts

’iihl

anja

awdi

tch-

gras

s, be

aked

Ru

ppia

mar

itim

aD

ougl

as-fi

rPs

eudo

tsug

a m

enzi

esii

elde

rber

ry, r

ed

Sam

bucu

s rac

emos

ajii

tl’l

(ber

ry);

jiitl

’l hl

k’aa

y.yii

(b

ush)

jatl

’a / j

atl’

(ber

ry);

stiid

/ st

iid-x

il / s

tiid-

hlk’

a.aa

y (b

ush)

ench

ante

r’s-n

ight

shad

eC

irca

ea a

lpin

afa

lse

azal

eaM

enzi

esia

ferr

ugin

eak’

aas (

flow

er);

k’aa

s hlk

’aay.y

ii

(bus

h)k’

as /

k’aa

s

fals

e lil

y-of

-the

-val

ley

Mai

anth

emum

dila

tatu

mSi

iGan

(ber

ry);

SiiG

an h

lk’aa

y.yii

(pla

nt)

sa.a

n (b

erry

); sa

.an

xil (

plan

t)

fern

, dee

rBl

echn

um sp

ican

tts

’aagu

l / ts

’aagw

ulSn

aal j

aad

/ san

aal j

aad

fern

, lad

yA

thyr

ium

filix

-fem

ina

ts’aa

gul

saag

waa

lfe

rn, n

arro

w b

eech

Ph

egop

teri

s con

nect

ilis

fern

, nor

ther

n ho

lly

Poly

stic

hum

lonc

hitis

ts’aa

gul

saag

waa

l


Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

fern

, nor

ther

n m

aide

nhai

rAdi

antu

m a

leut

icum

ts’aa

gul

ts’aa

gwaa

lfe

rn, o

ak

Gym

noca

rpiu

m d

ryop

teri

shl

tan’

anda

fern

, spi

ny w

ood

Dry

opte

ris e

xpan

sats

’aagu

lsa

agw

aal

fern

, sw

ord

Poly

stic

hum

mun

itum

ts’aa

gul

ts’aa

gwaa

lfe

scue

, bea

rded

Fe

stuc

a su

bula

tafe

scue

, red

Fe

stuc

a ru

bra

fir, a

mab

ilis

Abi

es a

mab

ilis

fir-m

oss,

alpi

ne

Hup

erzi

a ha

leak

alae

flat-m

oss

Plag

ioth

eciu

m u

ndul

atum

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

foam

flow

er, t

hree

-leav

ed

Tiar

ella

trifo

liata

gent

ian,

bro

ad-p

etal

led

Gen

tiana

pla

type

tala

gent

ian,

swam

p G

entia

na d

ougl

asia

nagl

assw

ort

Sarc

ocor

nia

paci

fica

gleh

nia,

Am

eric

an

Gle

hnia

litt

oral

isgo

ldth

read

, spl

eenw

ort-

leav

ed

Cop

tis a

sple

niifo

lia

gors

eU

lex

euro

paeu

sgr

ound

sel,

arro

w-le

aved

Se

neci

o tr

iang

ular

isha

irgr

ass,

tufte

d D

esch

amps

ia ce

spito

sa

ss

p. b

erin

gens

isk’

anb

k’an

b

hard

hack

Spir

aea

doug

lasii

hare

bell,

com

mon

C

ampa

nula

rotu

ndifo

liaD

all /

Daa

ll SG

ilGa

Guh

lGah

lda

ll-xi

l

Tabl

e A8

.2 C

ontin

ued



Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

helle

bore

, Ind

ian

Vera

trum

vir

ide

gwaa

yk’y

ah /

Gw

aay

K’y

ah

hlk’

aay.y

ii (b

ush)

gwaa

yk’aa

hem

lock

, mou

ntai

n Ts

uga

mer

tens

iana

k’aa

ngk’

aang

hem

lock

, wes

tern

Ts

uga

hete

roph

ylla

k’aa

ngk’

aang

hem

lock

-par

sley,

Pac

ific

Con

iose

linum

gm

elin

iigy

aagy

aa k

’al s

guun

aa /

hlk’

iid

Giid

Gii

/ Naw

sgaa

wsi

daay

xil

ts’it

six

huck

lebe

rry,

red

Vacc

iniu

m p

arvi

foliu

msG

iidllG

uu (b

erry

); sG

iidllG

uu

hlk’

aay.y

ii (b

ush)

sgid

luu

ivy,

Eng

lish

Hed

era

helix

juni

per,

com

mon

Ju

nipe

rus c

omm

unis

kayd

a ka

axaw

aay

hlk’

am.a

al g

inn

gyaa

.ala

as /

Gaa

yang

’waa

l hlk

’a.a

aykn

otw

eed,

Him

alay

anPe

rsic

aria

wal

lichi

ikn

otw

eed,

Japa

nese

Fa

llopi

a ja

poni

caLa

brad

or te

aRh

odod

endr

on g

roen

land

icum

leaf

y m

oss,

coas

tal

Plag

iom

nium

insig

neK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanc

k’in

.aan

c

leaf

y m

oss,

larg

e Rh

izom

nium

gla

bres

cens

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

leaf

y m

oss,

larg

e-le

af

Rhiz

omni

um m

agni

foliu

mK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanc

k’in

.aan

c

leaf

y m

oss,

red-

mou

thed

M

nium

spin

ulos

umK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanc

k’in

.aan

c

lett

uce,

wal

l La

ctuc

a m

ural

islic

hen,

frog

pel

tPe

ltige

ra p

olyd

acty

lon

liche

n, c

omm

on w

itch’

s

hair

Ale

ctor

ia sa

rmen

tosa

liche

ns, l

ungw

ort

Loba

ria

spp.

liche

nsC

ladi

na sp

p.


Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

lingo

nber

ryVa

ccin

ium

viti

s-id

aea

sk’aa

gii c

haay

/ tll

ga G

aanG

a

(ber

ry)

skag

a ts

aay

liver

wor

t, co

mm

on

sc

isso

r-le

af

Her

bert

us a

dunc

us

liver

wor

t, sh

iny

Pelli

a ne

esia

naliv

erw

ort,

snak

e C

onoc

epha

lum

coni

cum

xuud

t’aa

ngaa

lGa

xu t’

aang

alliv

erw

ort,

yello

w-la

dle

Scap

ania

bol

ande

rilo

belia

, wat

er

Lobe

lia d

ortm

anna

lous

ewor

t, w

oolly

Pe

dicu

lari

s lan

ata

lova

ge, C

alde

r’s

Ligu

stic

um ca

lder

ilu

ng, c

abba

geLo

bari

a lin

italu

ngw

ort

Loba

ria

pulm

onar

ialu

pine

, sea

shor

e Lu

pinu

s litt

oral

ista

Gan

sk’y

aa (r

oot)

ta.a

nsk’

yaaw

xil

(pla

nt)

mar

sh-m

arig

old,

whi

te m

ount

ain

Cal

tha

lept

osep

ala

milk

wor

t, se

a G

laux

mar

itim

am

iner

’s-le

ttuc

e, S

iber

ian

Cla

yton

ia si

biri

caH

lk’u

uxaa

y / t

l’aan

g k’

uus x

ilH

lk’u

ng.ii

d / h

lk’u

ngiid

mon

key-

flow

er, y

ello

w

Mim

ulus

gut

tatu

ssG

aal c

hiit’

iisgu

uxi

l ‘an

g da

n tii

daal

sm

oss,

bent

-leaf

Rh

ytid

iade

lphu

s squ

arro

sus

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

mos

s, bl

ack

fish

hook

Cam

pylo

pus a

trov

iren

sK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanc

k’in

.aan

c

mos

s, cr

ane’s

-bill

A

tric

hum

selw

ynii

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

mos

s, la

nky

Rhyt

idia

delp

hus l

oreu

sK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanc

k’in

.aan

c

mos

s, lim

esto

ne fa

nH

ypop

tery

gium

faur

iei

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

Tabl

e A8

.2 C

ontin

ued



Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

mos

s, pa

lm tr

ee

Leuc

olep

is ac

anth

oneu

ron

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

mos

s, pi

pecl

eane

r Rh

ytid

iops

is ro

bust

aK

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanc

k’in

.aan

c

mos

s, st

ep

Hyl

ocom

ium

sple

nden

sH

llnga

k’in

xan

hlii.

ng k

’in.a

nee

mos

s, st

iff-le

aved

hai

r cap

Pol

ytri

chas

trum

alp

inum

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

mos

ses,

hero

n’s-

bill

Dic

ranu

m sp

p.K

’inxa

an, k

’iinx

aanc

k’in

.aan

c

mou

ntai

n-he

athe

r,

Ala

skan

Har

rim

anel

la st

elle

rian

a

mou

ntai

n-he

athe

r,

cl

ub-m

oss

Cas

siope

lyco

podi

oide

s

mou

ntai

n-he

athe

r, w

hite

Cas

siope

mer

tens

iana

mou

ntai

n-he

athe

r, ye

llow

Phyl

lodo

ce g

land

ulifl

ora

onio

ngra

ss, A

lask

a M

elic

a su

bula

tapa

rtri

dge-

foot

Luet

kea

pect

inat

ape

a, b

each

La

thyr

us ja

poni

cus

xuuy

a tlu

uGa

yaah

l tlu

waa

peat

-mos

s, co

mm

on

brow

n Sp

hagn

um fu

scum

K’aa

la k

’inxa

ndk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

need

peat

-mos

s, co

mm

on g

reen

Sp

hagn

um g

irge

nsoh

nii

K’aa

la k

’inxa

ndk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

need

peat

-mos

s, co

mm

on re

dSp

hagn

um ca

pilli

foliu

mK

’aala

k’in

xand

k’al

.aa

k’in

.ane

ed

peat

-mos

s, fa

tSp

hagn

um p

apill

osum

K’aa

la k

’inxa

ndk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

need

peat

-mos

s, to

ugh

Spha

gnum

aus

tinii

K’aa

la k

’inxa

ndk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

need

peat

-mos

ses

Spha

gnum

spp.

K’aa

la k

’inxa

ndk’

al.a

a k’

in.a

need

peav

ine,

gre

y be

ach

Lath

yrus

litt

oral

ispi

ne, s

hore

Pi

nus c

onto

rta

var.

cont

orta

ts’a

hlts

’ahl

a / t

s’ahl

plan

tain

, Ala

ska

Plan

tago

mac

roca

rpa

‘Laa

na h

lgun

Ga

/ ‘La

ana

xilG

a‘la

anaa

hlg

un


Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

plan

tain

, sea

Pl

anta

go m

ariti

ma

pond

-lily

, yel

low

N

upha

r pol

ysep

ala

xil g

ay d

llgin

s / x

illa

gayd

llgin

g /

xiila

gay

dllg

yang

(roo

t)xi

l giid

laga

ng

pond

wee

d, c

omm

on

Pota

mog

eton

nat

ans

Gan

dll x

ilGa

/ Gan

dll x

iilaa

yA

gun’

xila

quill

wor

t, br

istle

-like

Is

oete

s ten

ella

ratt

lesn

ake-

root

, wes

tern

Pr

enan

thes

ala

tare

dced

ar, w

este

rn

Thuj

a pl

icat

ats

’uu

ts’u

ure

edgr

ass,

one-

and-

a-ha

lf

fl

ower

edC

alam

agro

stis

sesq

uiflo

ra

reed

gras

s, Pa

cific

Cal

amag

rost

is nu

tkae

nsis

rock

-mos

ses

Raco

mitr

ium

spp.

rock

-mos

s, ho

ary

Raco

mitr

ium

lanu

gino

sum

K’in

xaan

, k’ii

nxaa

nc k’

in.a

anc

rush

, arc

tic

Junc

us a

rctic

usk’

anb

k’an

b

sage

wor

t, m

ount

ain

Art

emis

ia n

orve

gica

sala

lG

aulth

eria

shal

lon

sk’id

Gan

(ber

ry);

sk’id

Gan

hl

k’aa

y.yii

(bus

h)

sk’id

’aan

(ber

ry);

sk’ii

hla,

sk’ii

hl

/ sk’

iihla

hlk

’a.a

ay (p

lant

)sa

lmon

berr

yRu

bus s

pect

abili

ssk

’aaw

Gan

(ber

ry);

sk’aa

w

hlk’

aay.y

ii (b

ush)

sk’aw

sand

-spu

rry,

Can

adia

n Sp

ergu

lari

a ca

nade

nsis

sand

wor

t, se

abea

ch

Hon

cken

ya p

eplo

ides

yatlg

uutla

saxi

frag

e, A

lask

a M

icra

nthe

s fer

rugi

nea

saxi

frag

e, T

aylo

r’sSa

xifr

aga

tayl

ori

sea

aspa

ragu

sSa

rcoc

orni

a pa

cific

a

Tabl

e A8

.2 C

ontin

ued



Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

seap

at, s

urfs

ide

Coc

cotr

ema

mar

itim

umse

aroc

ket,

Am

eric

anC

akile

ede

ntul

ase

aroc

ket,

Euro

pean

Cak

ile m

ariti

ma

sedg

e, b

lack

alp

ine

Car

ex n

igri

cans

k’an

bk’

anb

sedg

e, D

ewey

’sC

arex

dew

eyan

ak’

anb

k’an

b

sedg

e, la

rge-

awne

dC

arex

mac

roch

aeta

k’an

bk’

anb

sedg

e, la

rge-

head

edC

arex

mac

roce

phal

ak’

anb

xahl

k’at

s’a h

lk’a

.aay

sedg

e, lo

ng-s

tyle

dC

arex

styl

osa

k’an

bk’

anb

sedg

e, L

yngb

ye’s

Car

ex ly

ngby

eik’

anb

k’an

b

sedg

e, m

any-

flow

ered

Car

ex p

luri

flora

k’an

bk’

anb

sedg

e, p

ale

Car

ex li

vida

k’an

bk’

anb

sedg

e, S

itka

Car

ex si

tche

nsis

k’an

bk’

anb

sedg

e, sl

ough

Car

ex o

bnup

tak’

anb

k’an

b

sedg

e, st

arC

arex

ech

inat

ak’

anb

k’an

b

sedg

e, y

ello

w-fl

ower

edC

arex

ant

hoxa

nthe

ak’

anb

k’an

b

sedg

esC

arex

spp.

k’an

bk’

anb

shoo

tings

tar,

Jeffr

ey’s

Dod

ecat

heon

jeffr

eyi

daal

l XilG

ada

ll sg

ilGa

silv

erw

eed,

coa

st

Pote

ntill

a eg

edii

ts’ii

aal (

root

); ts

’iiaa

l xil

(p

lant

)ts

’a.a

l / ts

’a’al

(roo

t); t

s’a.a

l xil

(pla

nt)

sing

le d

elig

htM

ones

es u

niflo

raxi

lGuG

axi

laaw

gsk

unk

cabb

age

Lysi

chito

n am

eric

anus

hlgu

n /

Sgan

Sgw

anhl

gun

spee

dwel

l, A

mer

ican

Ve

roni

ca b

ecca

bung

asp

leen

wor

t, gr

een

Asp

leni

um v

irid

esp

leen

wor

t, m

aide

nhai

rA

sple

nium

tric

hom

anes

xil t

l’lxi

daSn

aalja

ng /

snaa

ljaan

g


Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

spru

ce, S

itka

Pice

a sit

chen

sis

kayd

/ K

aayd

(tre

e)K

iid (t

ree)

star

flow

er, n

orth

ern

Trie

ntal

is eu

ropa

ea ss

p. a

rctic

ast

raw

berr

y, c

oast

al

Frag

aria

chilo

ensi

shi

lGud

aGan

g / h

ilGud

aGaa

ng

(ber

ry)

hilld

a.aa

ng (b

erry

); hi

llda.

aang

xi

l (p

lant

)su

ndew

, rou

nd-le

aved

D

rose

ra ro

tund

ifolia

Taa

Iina

ng k

’uug

ata

’inaa

ng k

’uug

sund

ews

Dro

sera

spp.

swam

pfire

, Pac

ific

Sarc

ocor

nia

paci

fica

swee

t gal

eM

yric

a ga

leta

nsy,

dun

e Ta

nace

tum

bip

inna

tum

Xil

sgun

xula

Tsaa

.u ts

’aag

waa

lth

istle

, Can

ada

Cir

sium

arv

ense

this

tle, m

arsh

Cir

sium

pal

ustr

etr

iset

um, n

oddi

ng

Tris

etum

cern

uum

tris

etum

, tal

l Tr

iset

um ca

nesc

ens

tway

blad

e, h

eart

-leav

ed

List

era

cord

ata

tway

blad

e, n

orth

wes

tern

Li

ster

a ca

urin

atw

inbe

rry,

bla

ck

Loni

cera

invo

lucr

ata

xuuy

a G

aanG

a / x

uuya

Gaa

n

(ber

ry);

xuuy

a G

aanG

a h

lk’aa

y.yii

/ xu

uya

Gaa

n

yaah

l Gaa

naa

twis

teds

talk

, cla

spin

g St

rept

opus

am

plex

ifoliu

sSt

’aw G

aanG

a (p

lant

); st

’awlii

G

aanG

a (b

erry

)ta

an g

aana

a xi

l (pl

ant)

; st’a

w

Gaa

naa

/ st’u

u G

aana

a (b

erry

)tw

iste

dsta

lk, r

osy

Stre

ptop

us la

nceo

latu

sta

an G

aana

atw

iste

dsta

lk, s

mal

l St

rept

opus

stre

ptop

oide

sva

leri

an, S

itka

Vale

rian

a sit

chen

sis

Tabl

e A8

.2 C

oncl

uded



Engl

ish

nam

eSc

ient

ific

nam

eSk

ideg

atea

Mas

seta

viol

ets

Vio

la sp

p.D

aall

sgii

viol

et, Q

ueen

Cha

rlott

e

twin

flow

erV

iola

bifl

ora

ssp.

carl

otta

e

wat

er-p

arsle

y, P

acifi

c O

enan

the s

arm

ento

saH

lk’in

xa S

gaaw

sida

ay /

hlk’

iid

Giid

Gii

H

lk’in

xa S

gaaw

sida

ay /

hlk’

iid

Giid

Gii

w

ater

finge

rs, n

orth

ern

Siph

ula

cera

tites

wid

geon

-gra

ssRu

ppia

mar

itim

aw

ildry

e, d

une

Leym

us m

ollis

hlky

ama

/ chi

ixu

k’an

woo

d-ru

sh, m

any-

flow

ered

Luz

ula

mul

tiflor

ak’

ank’

anw

ood-

rush

, sm

all-fl

ower

ed

Luzu

la p

arvi

flora

k’an

k’an

yarr

owA

chill

ea m

illef

oliu

mxi

l sgu

nxul

a / x

il sg

unX

ulxi

l sgu

n.ul

aaye

llow

-ced

ar

Cha

mae

cypa

ris n

ootk

aten

sis

sGaa

hlan

sGah

laan

yew

, wes

tern

Ta

xus b

revi

folia

HlG

iidH

lGíid

a In

ord

er to

pro

noun

ce th

e na

mes

pro

perl

y, it

is im

port

ant t

o in

clud

e th

e un

derl

ines

, apo

stro

phes

, and

per

iods

in th

e na

mes

.b

Gen

eral

nam

e fo

r gra

sses

and

gra

ss-l

ike

plan

ts.

c G

ener

al n

ame

for m

oss.

d A

ll sp

hagn

um h

ave

the

sam

e na

me,

exc

ept w

hen

desc

ribi

ng th

at it

is th

ick.

Refe

renc

es fo

r pla

nt n

ames

:–

“Pla

nts o

f Xaa

yda

Gw

aay”

lis

t of J

anua

ry 3

, 20

2, S

kide

gate

Hai

da Im

mer

sion

Pro

gram

(SH

IP).

– SH

IP X

AA

YD

A K

IL G

LOSS

ARY

– D

EC 2

02.

– Tu

rner

, N.J.

200

4. P

lant

s of H

aida

Gw

aii X

aada

a G

waa

y gu

d gi

na k

’ aw

s (Sk

ideg

ate)

Xaa

daa

Gw

aaye

e gu

u gi

in k

’ aw

s (M

asse

tt) 2

004

& 2

00,

So

no N

is P

ress

, Win

law

, BC

.–

E-Fl

ora

BC E

lect

roni

c A

tlas o

f the

flor

a of

Bri

tish

Col

umbi

a. w

ww

.geo

g.ub

c.ca

/bio

dive

sity

/eflo

ra/in

dex.

shtm

l.–

Mac

Ken

zie,

W.H

., J.

Penn

y, D

. Mei

ding

er, a

nd T

. Gow

ard.

20

4. V

ascu

lar a

nd n

on-v

ascu

lar s

peci

es li

st fo

r Bri

tish

Col

umbi

a w

ith sy

nony

my

and

data

cod

es: v

ersi

on 8

. [A

CC

ESS

2007

Dat

abas

e]. P

rovi

nce

of B

ritis

h C

olum

bia.

Acc

esse

d on

line

ww

w.fo

r.gov

.bc.

ca/h

re/b

ecw

eb/r

esou

rces

/ co

des-

stan

dard

s/st

anda

rds-

spec

ies.

htm

l


APPENDIX 9 Key to surficial materials

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APPENDIX 10 Keys to common rock types

A0. Key to common rock types – option 1

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Adapted from Braumandl and Curran (1992) and Lloyd et al. (1990)a Both calareous and non-calcareous rock types exist, if reacts with acid record code

indicated by footnote “a.”b Other medium- to coarse-grained rock types do react to acid, although these rock types

are less common in British Columbia.


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A0.2 Key to common rock types – option 2

APPENDIX 10 continued


Determining Soil TextureSoil texture refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay within a soil. These components have their own distinctive properties of “feel,” allowing one to estimate their proportions in a sample of soil by hand texturing. To obtain accurate results, texturing must be done with a sample that has the correct moisture content. Both a table and a key procedure are provided. The user should become familiar with both methods and use the procedure that feels most comfortable.

Procedure for Hand Texturing. Crush a small handful of soil in the hand, and remove coarse fragments

(particles >2 mm in diameter).2. Gradually add water to the soil and, with a soil knife or fingers, work it into

moist putty. The correct moisture content is important. If the putty flows with the force of gravity, it is too wet. If it crumbles when rolled, it is too dry. It should have the consistency of filler putty.

3. Determine stickiness of the soil putty by working it between the thumb and forefinger, pressing and then separating the digits. An estimate of clay content (see table on next page) can be made in this way. (Clay limits below are approximate.)

non-sticky: Practically no soil material adheres to the thumb and forefinger (<0% clay).

slightly sticky: Soil material adheres to only one of the digits and comes off the other rather cleanly. The soil does not stretch appreciably when digits are separated (0–25% clay).

sticky: Soil material adheres to both digits and stretches slightly before breaking when digits are pulled apart (25–40% clay).

very sticky: Soil material adheres strongly to both digits and stretches dis-tinctly before breaking (>40% clay).

4. Determine the graininess of the soil putty by rubbing it between thumb and forefinger. An estimate of sand content (see table on next page) can be made in this way. (Sand limits below are approximate.)

non-grainy: Little or no graininess can be felt (<20% sand). slightly grainy: Some graininess is felt, but non-grainy material (silt and

clay) is dominant (20–50% sand). grainy: Sand is felt as the dominant material. Some non-grainy material can

be felt between sand grains (50–80% sand). very grainy: Sand is the only material felt. Little or no non-grainy material is

present (>80% sand).After stickiness and graininess have been determined, use the hand textur-ing guide as an approximate guide to the textural class of the soil. The textural triangle can be used for more accurately determining the textural class; it also displays the textural class used in the site unit descriptions.

APPENDIX 11 Key to soil texture (from British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range and British Columbia Ministry of Environment 2010)


Hand texturing guide a

Non-grainy(<20% sand)

Slightly grainy(20–50% sand)

Grainy(50–80% sand)

Very grainy(>80% sand)

Very sticky(>40% clay)

Silty clay, clay, or heavy clay

Clay or heavy clay

Sandy clay –

Sticky(25–40% clay)

Silty clay loam

Clay loam Sandy clay loam

–

Slightly sticky(10–25% clay)

Silt loam Loamb or silt loam

Sandy loam –

Non-sticky(<10% clay)

Silt Silt loam Sandy loam Loamy sand or sand

a Sand and clay limits are approximate.b Loams contain balanced proportions of sand, silt, and clay and exhibit physical

properties intermediate between them.

Properties of fine fraction of soil

Clay: very hard when dry; feels smooth and is very sticky when wet; feels smooth when placed between teeth.

Silt: slightly hard to soft when dry; powder is floury when dry; feels slippery or soapy and only slightly sticky or non-sticky when wet; silt cannot be felt as grains between thumb and forefinger, but can be felt as a fine grittiness when placed between teeth.

Sand: loose grains when dry; very grainy when felt between thumb and forefin-ger; non-sticky when wet.


Procedure for Using Key for Hand Texturing

The field tests (outlined below and used in sequence with the accompanying key) are provided as another means to assist in the field determination of soil texture.

. Organic matter test: Well-decomposed organic matter (humus) imparts silt-like properties to the soil. It feels floury when dry and slippery or spongy when moist, but not sticky and not plastic. However, when subjected to a taste test (see below), it feels non-gritty. It is generally very dark when moist or wet, and stains the hands brown or black.

2. Graininess test: Rub the soil between your fingers. If sand is present, it will feel “grainy.” Determine whether sand comprises more or less than 50% of the sample. Sandy soils often sound abrasive when worked in the hand.

3. Moist cast test: Compress some moist (not wet) soil by clenching it in your hand. If the soil holds together (i.e., forms a “cast”), then test the durability of the cast by tossing it from hand to hand. The more durable it is (e.g., like Plasticine), the more clay is present.

4. Stickiness test: Wet the soil thoroughly and compress between thumb and forefinger. Determine the degree of stickiness by noting how strongly the soil adheres to the thumb and forefinger when you release the pressure, and by how much it stretches. Stickiness increases with clay content.

5. Taste test: Work a small amount of soil between your front teeth. Silt particles are distinguished as fine “grittiness” (e.g., like driving on a dusty road), unlike sand, which is distinguished as individual grains (i.e., graini-ness). Clay has absolutely no grittiness.

6. Soapiness test: Slide thumb and forefinger over wet soil. Degree of soapiness is determined by how soapy/slippery it feels and how much resistance to slip there is (i.e., from clay and sand particles).

7. Worm test: Roll some moist soil on your palm with your finger to form the longest, thinnest “worm” possible. The more clay there is in the soil, the longer, thinner, and more durable the worm will be. Try with wetter or drier soil to ensure that you have the correct moisture content (best worm).


A. Soil texturing key

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Fine Moderately FineMediumModerately CoarseCoarse

HC

CSiCSiCL

SiLSi

CL SC

SCL

SLLS S

L

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent sand

Perc

ent c

lay


APPENDIX 12 Keys to soil classification

A2. Key to soil orders of British Columbia (from British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range and British Columbia Ministry of Environment 2010)

Cryosol? Permafrost within m of surface or within 2 m if strongly cryoturbatednoOrganic? Soils composed largely of organic materials, meeting any of the following criteria: • Of horizons at least 60 cm in depth over mineral soil • Om, Oh, L, F, H horizons totalling at least 40 cm in depth over

mineral soilno • >0 cm in total of L, F, and H horizons over bedrock or fragmental

material • <20 cm of mineral soil over bedrock with overlying organic horizons

> twice as thick • mineral horizons within 40 cm of surface, with underlying organic

horizons at least 40 cm thick, where organic material occupies >40 cm of the upper 80 cm

Vertisol? Formed in heavy clay materials with shrink-swell characteristics. Both vertic and slickenside horizons present within m of the mineral surface.no

Uncommon in British Columbia

Podzol? Podzolic B horizon (Bf, Bhf, or Bh ≥0 cm) and no Bt within 50 cm of mineral surfaceno

Gleysol? Strong evidence of saturation with water and reducing conditions continuously or during prolonged periods based on one of the following indicators within 50 cm of the mineral surface:

• chromas ≤ with no mottling (in hues less red than 5YR) • chromas ≤2 (in hues of 0YR and 7.5YR) with prominent mottlingno • chromas ≤3 (in hues yellower than 0YR) with prominent mottling • hues bluer than 0Y with or without mottling • in red soil materials (5YR or redder), distinct or prominent mottling

Solonetz? Salt-affected soils with a Bn or Bnt horizon. Within British Columbia, occur primarily in poorly drained depressions in dry areas of the southern interior,

no and in saline parent materials in the Peace River region.

Chernozem? Dark-coloured Ah, Ahe, or Ap horizon ≥0 cm thick, enriched with organic matter from decomposed grass leaves and roots. Associated with grasslands and

no grassland–forest transitions under conditions of low rainfall, high summer temperatures, and high rates of evapotranspiration.

Luvisol? Bt horizon >5 cm thick anywhere in the profile

noBrunisol? Bm, Btj, or Bfj horizon ≥5 cm thick, or a Bf <0 cm thick

noRegosol Soil materials ≥0 cm in depth, but meeting none of the above criteria


A2.2 Common soil orders of Haida Gwaii

Soil is defined as the naturally occurring, unconsolidated mineral material (or organic material at least 0 cm thick) that occurs at the earth’s surface and is capable of supporting plant growth. The Canadian System of Soil Classifica-tion (Soil Classification Working Group 998) is a hierachical one based upon observable and measurable soil properties that reflect processes of soil genesis and environmental factors. Additional information about soil formation and classification is available in CSSC. Brunisols are defined by a moderate degree of soil development, with a brown-ish coloured Bm horizon, typical of well drained soils in forest environments with colder, less wet climates than Podzols. Dystric Brunisols are acid (pH < 5.5 over surface 25 cm), occurring on parent materials of low base status, while Eutric Brunisols have a greater degree of base saturation (pH > 5.5). Gleysols are defined by the presence of gleyed soil horizon, as indicated by a distinct dull blue–grey colour (gleying) or prominent rust-coloured blotches (mottles). These features are indicative of periodic or prolonged saturation with water and reducing conditions, usually associated with a high groundwater table or temporary saturation above a relatively impermeable layer. Organic soils include most of the soils commonly known as peat, muck, or bog soils. These soils have accumulated more than 60 cm of organic material derived from hydrophytic plants. Most organic soils are saturated with water for pro-longed periods, usually in depressions or level areas in regions with subhumid to perihumid climates. Organic soils are classified further into Fibrisols (poorly decomposed, with peat constituents easily recognized), Mesisols (partially de-composed), and Humisols (well decomposed). Typic organic soils have > 60 cm of organic accumulations while Terric organic soils have 60–60 cm of organic matter over mineral substrates. Folisols are composed of upland organic materi-als, generally of forest origin, that are > 40 cm thick, or at least 0 cm thick if over bedrock or fragmented materials. Folisols are most common in hypermari-time climates with imperfectly drained mineral soils; low decomposition rates and high production of bryophytes contribute to the accumulation of humus.Podzols are defined by reddish Bf horizons composed of humified organic mat-ter combined with aluminum and iron. Podzols typically occur in well-drained soils under forests or heath vegetation in cool, humid climates. Ferro-humic Podzols have a strongly acid, dark-coloured Bhf horizon > 0 cm thick. Humo-ferric Podzols have less organic matter in the B horizon and generally occur in less humid climates. Regosols are only weakly developed, and are often found with recently depos-ited materials such as alluvium in floodplains and colluvium on slopes. They are infrequently distributed, generally with early-seral forests and little forest floor accumulation.


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A2.3 Key to soil Great Groups and Subgroups on Haida Gwaii (from British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range and British Columbia Ministry of Environment 2010)


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APPENDIX 13 Classification of humus forms

A3. Definitions of humus form orders (from Green and Klinka 1994)

Humus is defined as a group of soil horizons located at or near the surface of a pedon, which have formed from organic residues. These horizons can have many forms depending on the physical and biotic environment and history of disturbance. Humus forms are organized in a two-tier classification of humus form orders (three orders: Mor, Moder, Mull) and humus form groups (6 groups; e.g., Hemimor or Rhizomull).

Humus form - the group of organic horizons, together with Ah mineral hori-zons, that occur at the soil surface.

L horizon - the organic (litter) horizon at the surface consisting of relatively fresh, undecomposed organic material.

F horizon - the organic horizon consisting of partially decomposed organic material (below the L horizon).

H horizon - the organic horizon consisting of well-decomposed organic mate-rial (below the F horizon).

HUMUS FORM orders

Mor– L,F,H horizons prominent.– F horizon matted; fungal mycelia

abundant.– “mushroom” smell.– usually abrupt transition to mineral soil.

Moder– L,F,H horizons prominent.– F horizon loose and friable; fungal

mycelia less abundant.– common insects and droppings.– rich, “potting soil” smell.– may have thin Ah horizons.

Mull– Ah horizon prominent; F,H horizons

< 2 cm, F horizon very friable.– Ah horizon usually granular, with

earthworms present.


A3.2 Key to humus forms (from Green et al. 1993)

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APPENDIX 14 Tree species codes and symbols for species referenced in this guide

Tree code Common name Scientific name Tree symbol

Native conifers

Cw western redcedar Thuja plicata

Yc yellow-cedar Chamaecyparis nootkatensis

Hm mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana

Hw western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla

Plc shore pine Pinus contorta var. contorta

Ss Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis

Tw western yew Taxus brevifolia

Native hardwoods

Dr red alder Alnus rubra

Documents

Baird, E.J., W. Floyd, and I. van Meerveld. 20 2. Road …...and environment from the time of loon to the time of the iron people. D.W. Fedje and R. Mathewes (editors). UBC Press,