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21. With our senses, we perceive everything ____ a. is around us b. that is around usc. whom is around us d. whose is around us

22. The volunteers, _______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.a. who b. whom %c. whose d. that

23. The musicians _________yesterday have played together for many years.a. to who we listened b. who we listened toc. to that we listened d. to whom we listened

24. Many scientists have claimed that ____ like music are often good at mathematics.a. children b. children who c. children whom d. whose chi ldren

25. The student ______ had an impressive record.a. the prize was awarded b. that the prize was awardedc. to whom the prize was awarded d. who the prize was awarded

26. Those ____ have used our services for more than one year can enter the competition.va. who b. whom c. which d. whose

27. I think it was your Dad .a. phoned b. phoning c. that phoned d. which phoned

28. That man is a newcomer in our company. Do you know him?a. That man is a newcomer in our company. Do you know whom?b. That man who is a newcomer in our company. Do you know him?c. Do you know him that man is a newcomer in our company?d. Do you know that man who is a newcomer in our company?

29. Y esterday I went t o ______ I had never been to before.a. Thanh Ba P ost Office, that b. Thanh Ba P ost Office wherec. Thanh Ba P ost Office whi ch d. Thanh Ba P ost Office, which

30. She has two grown children, both o f ______ live abroad.a. who b. whom c. that d. whose

Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.31. yesterday / I / go / Thanh Ba P ost Office / send some money / my brother / the city

a. Yesterday I went to Thanh Ba Post Office where to send some money tomy brother who was in the city.

b. Y esterday I went to Thanh Ba Post Office to send some money to my

brother in the city.c. Y esterday when I went to Thanh Ba Post Office sending some money to

my brother in the city.d. Y esterday I went to Thanh Ba Post Office and sending some money to

my brother in the city.32. I / arrive / 7 am / the post office / open

a. When I arrived at 7 a.m., the post office which had just been opened.b. When I arrived at 7 a.m., the post office had just been opened.c. I arrived at 7 a.m. when the post office had just been opened.

d. I arrived at 7 a.m. at the time the post office had just opened.33. the staff / help / me / send the money / very helpful and courteous

a. T he staff helped me to send the money were very helpful and courteous.b. The staff that helped me to send the money which were very helpful and courteous.

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c. The staff whom helped me to send the money they were very helpful and courteous.d. The staff that helped me to send the money were very helpful and courteous.

34. the service / good / only two hours later / my brother / phone / he hadreceived the moneya. The service was so good that only two hours later my brother phoned me

to say that he had received the money.b. The service which was such a good that only two hours later my brotherphoned me to tell that he had received the money.

c. The service was such good that only two hours later my brother phoned tctell he had received the money.

d. The service was so good that only two hours later when my brotherphoned to tell that he had received the money.

35. I / satisfied / the service / Thanh Ba Post Officea. I was satisfied with the service of Thanh Ba Post Office.

b. So that, I was satisfied with the service of Thanh Ba Post Office.c. N evertheless, I was satisfied with the service of T hanh Ba Post Office.d. I was satisfied with the service of which Thanh Ba Post Office.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.E ven where there is an efficient door-to-door delivery system, there are

additional advantages in using P ost Office (PO) boxes. There are certain conveniences for using PO boxes.

PO boxes allow mail to be picked up when sorted, rather than when it isdelivered to the physical address, which will be some hours later.

A mail user who regularly receives large parcels or items that must be signedfor may find it convenient to pick up the rest of the mail at the same time.

A mail user who moves frequently can keep a mailing address.A mail user may desire a more famous or prestigious address. F or example,

in Washington, D.C., many large P.O. box facilities are located near or evenoutside city limits.

A business receiving large volumes of mail may maintain separate postoffice boxes for separate departments, such as one for sales, one for customerservice, to reduce the need to sort internally.

PO boxes are more secure than many home mailboxes, preventing mailtheft and identity theft.

I f you live on a boat, PO boxes can serve as your address, but are not necessary36. A PO box is more convenient for a mail user who frequently moves,

a. True b. F alse c. No information37. I f you use a PO box, you can get your mail earl ier than you use a door-to-

door delivery system.a. True b. F alse c. No information

38. H ome mailboxes are surely opened by mail thieves.a. True b. F alse c. No information

39. Each business can rent only one PO box.a. True b. F alse c. No information

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40. I f you l ive on a boat, the post office does not al low you to rent a PO box.a. True b. F alse c. No information

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.A post office is (41) ____ authorized by a postal system for the posting, receipt,

sortation, handling, transmission or (42) ____ of mail. Post offices offer mail-related services (43) ____ post office boxes, postage and packaging supplies. (44) ___ _ addition, some post offices offer (45) ____ postal services such as passportapplications and other government forms, money orders, and banking services.

Post offices also (46) ____ post-office boxes to people and businesses (47) _____ prefer not to have mail delivered to their home or office, or who live or stay ataddresses to (48) ____ mail delivery is not (49) _____ .

The back rooms of a post office are a place (50) ____ mail is processed fordelivery. M ail may also be processed in other post offices that are not open tothe general public.41. a. services b. equipment c. sending d. mailing42. a. pass b. giving c. handle d. delivery43. a. so b. such c. such as d. so as to44. a. F or b. I n c. Of d. On45. a. non b. nor c. not d. no46. a. lend b. borrow c. rent d. employ47. a. who b. whom c. which d. that48. a. who b. which c. that d. where49. a. present b. free c. ready d. available50. a. where b. that c. which d. what

TEST 2Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced different ly from tl1. a. post b. busy c. swim d. spacious2. a. equipped b. delivered c. transferred d. received3. a. helps b. provides c. documents d. texts4. a. noisy b. subscribe c. service d. graphics5. a. tr ansfer b. newspaper c. thousand d. relatives

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.6. What is you r ____ in l ife? - Going out with friends and enjoying delicious foods.

a. please b. pleasant c. pleasure d. pleasing7. You can pay for the goods on ______ .

a. deliver b. delivery c. deliverable d. delivering8. T hose telephone companies have launched major campaigns to increase

their number o f ______ .a. subscribe b. subscription c. subscribers d. subscribing

9. M ost schools and universit ies are now equi pped ______ surveillance camerasand other security measures.a. on b. for c. in d. wi th

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10. I had asked everyone to submit questions _ _ _ _ _ advance of the meeting,"oa. in b. at c. on d. for

11. I t would be more conven ient ____ you i f you used the E xpress M ail Servicea. for b. with c. on d. among

12. T hose letters were sent b y ______ surface mail.a. a b. an c. the d. 0

13 . ______ is used to describe special services in which things are sent or dotrfaster than usual for a higher price.a. E xpress b. M essage b. Distr ibution d. P ress

14. I wish you a speedy recovery from your illness to return to work soon,a. thoughtful b. gradual c. courteous d. quick

15. J ohn often uses Express M oney ___ to send money to his parents in the countrysidea. Change b. E xchange c. T ransfer d. Send

16. The M essenger Call Service helps you to notify the recipient of the timeand place to receive the call.a. receiver b. fax c. call d. telephone

17. F ax ____ has become more and more popular because it is cheap and convenienta. exchange b. distance c. sending d. tr ansmission

18. Someone sent you a parcel this morning and I put it on your table,a. package b. letter c. stamp d. fax

19. The class treasurer, _______ , announced the balance of the account.a. to whom we gave the money b. to that we gave the moneyc. whose we gave the money to d. whom we gave the money

20. The engineers ________ designed the building received an award.a. which b. whom c. who d. whose

21 . ______ is one of the most important capitals in the world.a. L ondon, that the place I was bom b. L ondon, which I was bornc. L ondon, I was born, d. L ondon, where I was born,

22. Express M oney Transfer is one of the quickest ways ____ helps us to send moneya. who b. whose c. when d. that

23. Do you remember the ti m e ______ we fir st visited L ondon?a. which b. when c. that d. on that

24. Sunday is the day ______ few people go to work.a. that b. which c. when d. why

25. Do you know the r eason ______ she quit her job?a. that b. which c. when d. why

26. T he government sent money and food to the peop l e ______ houses weredestroyed by the storm last week.a. which b. that c. whom d. whose

27. I will never for get ____________ he said he loved me.a. the moment b. the moment which

c. the moment when d. the moment in that28. It is very difficult to integrate yourself into a community________is quite

different from yours.a. whose culture b. the culture that c. which culture d. that culture

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29. He often finds fault with ______ he describes as having no talent.a. J ohn Smith, whom b. J ohn Smith, thatc. J ohn Smith, whose d. J ohn Smith who

30. T he scheme is designed to help children ______ have fallen on hard times.a. that parents b. which parents c. parents of which d. whose parents

Error Identification31. T he Post Office, that is a retail company in the United Kingdom; formerly part

A Bof the postal service Royal M ail , became a separate entity in 1981.

C D32. I n 1823, the P ost Office used steamboats to carry mails and parcels

A Bbetween post towns which no roads existed.

C D33. On February 22, 1921, when mail was flown both day and night for the first time

A B C D

over the entire distance from San F rancisco to N ew Y ork.34. I n 1930, more than 10,000 tr ains which were used for moving theA B C

mail into every city, town, and vill age in the U nited States.D

35. When railroad mail service began, mostly letters were sorted on theA B

trains, which were not equipping to distribute other kinds of mail.C D

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

In early colonial times, correspondents depended on friends, merchants, andNative Americans to carry messages between the colonies. H owever, most correspondence ran between the colonists and England, their mother country. I t wasa very hard work to handle so many letters like that. I n 1639, the first officialnotice of a postal service in the colonies appeared. T he General Court of M assachusetts designated Richard Fairbanks tavern in Boston as the official place ofmail brought from or sent overseas, in l ine with the practice in E ngland andother nations to use coffee houses and taverns as mail drops. L ocal authoritiesoperated post routes within the colonies. Then, in 1673, a monthly post was set

up between N ew York and Boston. The service was of short duration, but the postriders trail became known as the Old Boston Post Road, part of todays U.S.Route 1. William P enn established the first post office in 1683. I n the South,private messengers, usually slaves, connected the huge plantations.

After the Boston revolution in September 1774, the colonies began to separate from the mother country. A Continental Congress was organized at Philadelphia in M ay 1775 to establish an independent government. One of the fir stquestions before the delegates was how to convey and deliver the mail.36. In early colonial times, ______ .

a. the English did not know how to wr ite a mailb. merchants were not allowed to send lettersc. the U S was the mother country of many coloniesd. E ngland had many colonies

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37. The first place which was used as a post office was ______.a. a tavern b. a big house c. an official place d. a coffee house

38. In 1673, letters were sent from New York and Boston, and vice ver sa ___ a month.a. once b. twice c. three times d. four times

39. The first post office was set up in ______ .a. 1639 b. 1673 c. 1683 d 1774

40. A ccording to the passage, ______ had to work as a mailman between thehuge plantations.a. delegates b. governors c. messengers d. slaves

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.I n many countries, (41) ______ in Africa and the M iddle E ast, there is nc

door to door (42) ______ of mail . F or example, (4 3) _______ one post a letter to astreet address in N amibia, it wi ll be (44) ______ to sender as undeliverable.Consequently renting a post office box has traditionally been (45) ______ onlyway to receive mail in (46) ______ countries, although some, like J ordan, arenow introducing home delivery.

Generally, post office boxes are rented from the post office either by individuals (47) _ _ _ _ _ by businesses on a basis r anging from monthly to annual.and the cost of rent varies depending (48) ______ the box size. I n the US, therental rate used (4 9 ) ______ _ the same across the country. N ow, however, apostal facili ty can be in any of seven fee groups by locati on; in ( 5 0 ) ______ .certain customers qualify for free box rental.41. a. hardly b. particularly c. gradually d. certainly42. a. delivery b. receiving c. sending d. service43. a. because b. so c. i f d. though44. a. exchanged b. mailed c. called d. returned45. a. a b. an c. the d. 046. a. so b. such c. such as d. as47. a. or b. nor c. but d. along48. a. in b. of c. on d. from49. a. be b. being c. been d. to be50. a. instance b. addition c. example d. recent

TEST 3Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.1. a. document b. newspaper c. competi tive d. favor ite2. a. technology b. distribution c. delivery d. facsimile3. a. notify b. origin c. tomorrow d. courteous4. a. become b. distance c. daily d. morning5. a. graphic b. subscribe c. transmit d. receive

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.

6. She was given the award for a lifetime of publ i c ______ .a. serve b. service c. servant d. serviceable

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7. To become a novelist, you must be ______ .a. imagine b. imagination c. imagining d. imaginative

8. Can you let me have the _____ of your report? I cant read this photocopy.a. origin b. original c. original ly d. originate

9. I received that parcel __ my sister this morning, but I have not opened it yet.a. to b. from c. on d. over

10. Cunningham sent a note ______ me thanking me for dinner.a. wi th b. to c. from d. by

11. Could you please help me mail delivery?a. for b. on c. with d. about

12. Britain has still been proud of the cheapest postala. sending b. care c. service d. delivery

13. The post is the public service or system by which letters andcollected and delivered.a. parcels b. faxes c. documents d. graphics

14. The winner will be notified bv post.a. sent quickly b. acted thoughtfully c. limited strictly d. inform official ly

15. A consultation paper has been ____ on the Internet invi ting input from Net users.a. served b. weighed c. received d. posted

16. I f you go to the post office, please post these letters.a. fax b. sign tfc. send d. stamp

17. She f el t ______ and protected when she was with her parents.a. thoughtful b. secure c. spacious d. convenient

18. Opening the present ______ , she was trembling with excitement.a. her sweetheart had sent her that b. her sweetheart had sent herc. to that her sweetheart had sent her d. whose her sweetheart had sent her

19. My friend, ________ I visited last week, is taking a holiday soon.a. that b. whom c. which d. whose

20. M y brother who lives abr oad ______ .a. returns to see us b. returning to see usc. that returns to see us d. where returns to see us

21. He bought the pr esen t ______ from a souvenir shop in Paris.a. that he gave me b. that he gave me itc. that he gave it to me d. he gave me it

22. The doctor are examining a patient ______ was taken to hospital last night.a. which 'b. who c. whom d. whose

2-3. The par k ______ I used to jog in has been demolished.a. which b. where c. in which d. in where

24. F inding a cure for cancer is one of the biggest chal lenges ______ medicalresearchers face.a. who d. when c. why d. that

25. M oney is a l l ______ many people consider to be the aim of their life.a. whose b. which c. that d. whom

26.1 have to leave for L ondon tomorrow, ____ means I cannot go to the party with you.a. that b. which c. when d. why

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27. The film was about three young girls, ______ are policewomen.a. whom all b. all of who c. all of whom d. all of that

28 . ______ has just won an international scholarship.a. David Pike, whose parents are both teachers,b. David Pike whose parents are both teachersc. David Pike parents of who are both teachers

d. David Pike, whom parents are both teachers29. Is there anything ______ ?

a. I can do to help you that b. with that I can do to help youc. that I can do to help you with it d. I can do to help you

30. M oney is not r ea l l y ______ they have often quarreled.a. a reason which b. a reason that c. a reason, why d. a reason why

Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.31. I / write / express / some ideas / the services of your Post Office

a. I wrote to express some ideas on which the services of your Post Office.b. I have written to express some ideas on the services which is of your Post Offic. I am writing to express some ideas on the services of which is your P ost Offid. I am writing to express some ideas on the services of your Post Office.

32. high quality equipment / your Post Office / the best in the areaa. To buy high quality equipment, your Post Office is the best in the area.b. H igh quali ty equipment which makes your P ost Offi ce seems to be t

best in the area.c. With high quality equipment, your Post Office seems to be the best in the

d. H igh quali ty equipment, your P ost Office to be the best in the area.33. I / satisfied / the staff / polite and helpful

a. I am so satisfied that with the staff, who are often polite and helpful.b. I am very satisfied with the staff, that are often polite and helpful.c. I am quite satisfied with the staff, who are often polite and helpful.d. I am too satisfied with the staff, which are often polite and helpful.

34. the prices of the services / reasonable / every pocketsa. The prices of the services which are reasonable for every pockets.b. As the prices of the services are reasonable for every pockets.

c. I think the prices of the services are reasonable for every pockets.d. I think the prices of the services that are reasonable for every pockets.

35. your P ost Office / serve / better and bettera. I want your P ost Office will serve better and better.b. I hope your P ost Offi ce that will serve better and better.c. I hope your P ost Office wil l serve better and better.d. I wish your P ost Office wi ll serve better and better.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Between the Revolutionary period and the World War I , the U nited Starpost office was set out to improve transportation of the post office mails. Frothose early days to the present, the post office has helped develop and subsidievery new mode of tr ansportation in the United States. Transportation has been

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the most important element in mail delivery. E ven when the general public hadstill suspected of the security of a new means of transportation, the post officeexperimented with inventions that offered potential for moving the mail faster,occasionally suffering embarrassment, ridicule, or even abuse in the process.

As mail delivery evolved from foot to horseback, stagecoach, steamboat, railroad, automobile, and airplane, with intermediate and overlapping use of balloons,

and helicopters, post office mail contracts ensured the income necessary to buildthe great highways, rail lines, and airways that eventually spanned the continent.By the turn of the 19th century, the U.S. Post Office had purchased a number of

stagecoaches for operation on the nations better post roads - a post road being anyroad on which the mail travels - and continued to encourage new designs to improvepassenger comfort and carry mail more safely.36. The passage is about ______ .

a. transportation of the Post Office in the USb. the Post Office in the Revolutionary period

c. the Post Office in the World War Id. transportation and public ideas37. According to the passage, the main purpose of the Post Office i s ______ .

a. to develop transportationb. to apply new means of transportationc. to deliver mail as safely and fast as possibled. to subsidize every new mode of transportation

38. Which means of transportation used in the Post Office is NOT referred in the passage?a. tr ain b. car c. plane d. motorcycle

39. The P ost Office ______ .a. has never used helicopters in deliveryb. contributes income to build highways, railroads, and airwaysc. has never been the first to use a new means of transportationd. makes no contribution to build roads

40. Any road on which the mail travels is called ______ .a. motorway b. highway c. national road d. post road

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.Post Office service is (41) ______ developing with some certain inventions.

The fi rst envelopes were made (4 2) ______ cloth, animal skins, or vegetableparts. The Babylonians (43) ______ their messages in thin sheets of clay (44)

______ were then baked.In 1653, a F renchman, De Valayer (45) _ _ _ a postal system in Paris. He

set up mail (46) ______ and delivered any letters placed in them if they usedenvelopes (47) ______ only he sold. (48) ______ enemy put live mice into theletter boxes and ruined De Valayers business.

A schoolmaster from England, Rowland Hill (49) ______ the adhesive postage stamp in 1837, an act for (50) ______ he was knighted. Through his effortsthe fi rst stamp in the world was issued in E ngland in 1840. H ill created thefirst uniform postage rates that were based on weight, rather than size.

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41. a. more b. more and more c. the more d. the most42. a. of b. in c. for d. about43. a. hugged b. embraced c. wrapped d. rolled44. a. that b. whom c. whose d. when45. a. established b. erected c. rebuilt d. discovered46. a. contains b. cans c. bottles d. boxes47. a. whom b. where c. whose d. which48. a. A b. An c. The d. 049. a. operated b. worked c. invented d. examined50. a. what b. which c. that d. whom

TEST YOURSELF CChoose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.1. a. custom b. country c. gather d. because2. a. symbol b. practice c. person d. embrace3. a. family b. different c. religion d. interesting4. a. celebrate b. important c. usually d. difficult5. a. people b. certain c. winter d. select

Choose the w ord which has the underlined part pronounced different ly from the6. a. religion b. grape c. begin d. good7. a. symbol b. climber c. comb d. lamb8. a. practice b. iron c. spring d. from9. a. Spain b. person c. psychology d. Portugal

10. a. large b. gather c. good d. againChoose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.11 . ___ is a way of behaving or a belief which has been established for a long time.

a. Celebration b. Custom c. P ractice d. Religion12. People often gather before midnight to welcome the N ew Year.

a. come together b. go apar t c. come into being d. get out13. On the first day of the New Y ear people ______ each other H appy New Y ear

a. hope b. say c. believe d. wish14. You should make certain that everyone understands your instructions,

a. safe b. interesting c. different d. sure15 . ______ is the belief in and worship of a god or gods, or any such system of

belief and worship.a. Reli gion b. T radit ion c. Celebration d. P ractice

16. I n some cultures, people embrace each other to show their love and sympathy.I a. hug b. shake c. kiss d. glance

17. I am ver y ______ in knowing more about the customs of many countries.a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly

18. Can you please tell me t h e ______ between V ietnamese New Y ears celebration and Chinese one?a. different b. differently c. difference d. differ

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19. He tr ied to get into teacher training college but with no .a. luck b. lucky c. luckily d. luckiest

20. Your belief of religion is quite different _ ______ mine.a. wi th b. against c. between d. from

21. What do you like to do best _ _ _ _ N ew Y ears E ve?a. for b. at c. on d. in

22. J ohn waved his hand and said, Good lu ck ______ you!a. for b. at c. with d. to

23. Most countr ies i n ______ world celebrate N ew Y ears Day.a. a b. an c. the d. 0

24. Y ou know that li ttl e I talian restaurant. ____ I mentioned in my letter?a. The one which b. One that c. The ones which d. The one whom

25. Shes one o f ______ love to be the centre of attention.a. that b. those who c. whom d. those whom

26 . ______

I had not seen for a long time, came to attend P eters wedding.a. M any of my old classmates b. M any of my old classmates, whomc. Many of my old classmates, that d. M any of my old classmates whom

27. I f his office had called, _________________?a. did he return to work b. would he return to workc. he would have returned to work d. would he have returned to work

28. She would not have left early i f sh e ______ a good reason.a. does not have b. did not have c. has not have d. had not had

29. We do not go out because of the rain.

a. We will go out i f it does not rain.b. We would go out if it did not rain.c. We would have gone out i f it had not rained.d. We would not go out i f it had not rained.

30 . ______ in your position, I would have another check.a. I f I am b. U nless I was c. Were I d. Was I

31. K eep si l en t ______ I will send you out.a. i f b. unless c. provided that d. or

32. Without air and water, human beings _______ .a. will not survive b. do not survivec. would not survive d. would not have survived

33. It is an Australian company ______ features a red kangaroo.a. logo b. whose logo c. the logo which d. which logo

34. This the thi rd in a sequence of three books, the fir st o f ____ I really enjoyed.a. which b. that c. whom d. who

35. They intend to repair their house, ______ was flooded with water.a. whose basement b. that basement c. the basement that d. which basement

Error Identification36. When Tet holiday is coming, I myself really enjoy the time before

A B Tet when is very exciti ng.

C D

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46. a. habits b. customs c. symbols d. odds47. a. to clean b. clean c. cleaning d. cleaned48. a. Usually b. Strangely c. L uckily d. E xcitedly49. a. ashes b. smoke c. fog d. mist50. a. recover b. repaint c. recollect d. remind51. a. Putting b. Taking c. Wearing d. Washing52. a. more b. the more c. the most d. most53. a. with b. beside c. between d. among54. a. M oreover b. Although c. As d. H owever55. a. up b. to c. at d. until

UNIT 10 NATURE IN DANGERTEST 1

Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.1. a. endanger b. di sappear c. prohibit d. destruction2. a. extinct b. human c. species d. planet3. a. respect b. effort c. exist d. supply4. a. condi tion b. pollutant c. however d. influence5. a. action b. habit c. danger d. survive

d. productiveof many species,

d. provision

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.6. M any organizations have been set up and funds have been raised,

a. established b. collapsed c. delayed d. decreased

7. The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly.a. dangerously b. quickly c. mostly d. gradually8. A species of animal or plant that is ______ no longer has any living mem

bers, either in the world or in a particular place.a. extinct b. rare c. survival

9. Those who concern are very worr ied about t h e ___ a. disappearance b. establishment c. supply

10. Because of peoples ______ with the environment, many kinds of plants andanimals are becoming rare.a. supply b. survival c. influence d. interference

11. T ropical forests have supplied us wi th many sorts of plants for food, medicine, and industry.a. affected b. influenced c. changed d. provided

12. I t is estimated that only 1,000 pandas remain in ______ wild.a. a b. an c. the d. 0

13. E ngland was one of the first countr ies t o ______ .a. industry b. industrial c. industr iali ze d. industrialization

14. T h ei r ______ is rejected due to some problems of pollution.a. suggest b. suggestion c. suggestive d. suggestible

15. We all regard pollution as a ______ matter to human beings.a. serious b. seriously c. seriousness d. seriousful

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16. Human beings are adding more and more pollutants _______ the environmen:a. fr om b. for c. on d. to

17. You should make su r e ______ what you have just told us.a. in b. on c. over d. of

18. F orest destruction r esults ______ floods and air pollution.a. fr om b. about c. in d. into

19. I t is automobile industry _ _____ contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.a. where b. in which c. that d. whom

20 . ______ many species of animals have become extinct.a. There are many reasons for which b. M any reasons for whichc. The reasons for that d. F or which reasons

21. We should do something to save those animals ______ hunted for their furor for other valuable parts of their bodies.a. those are b. which are c. which is d. that is

22. Farmers use more and more ___ them to grow better crops but harm the environmer.:a. powerful chemicals who help b. which powerful chemicals helpc. powerful chemicals which help d. powerful chemicals help

23. Water is one of the most precious resources ______ for our life.a. we depend on which b. which we dependc. on which we depend d. on that we depend

24 . ___ are very dense, warm, and wet, are havens for millions of plants and animal;a. Rain forests b. Rain forests, that c. Rain forest, where d. Rain forests, which

25. The farmers and their cattl e ___ had been trapped in the storm wer-

fortunately rescued.a. who b. whom c. whi ch d. that

26. N owadays, city dwell ers, ______ enjoy a lot from the modern material lifehave to suffer from pollution the most.a. who b. whom c. that d. which

27. Do you know that environmentalist _______ ?a. with whom I used to work b. with that I used to workc. with I used to work d. with who I used to work

28. Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect, ______ traps heat inside the

E arths atmosphere.a. that b. which c. where d. whose

29. The local authority banned us from going near the forest __ _ there is a serious firea. for which b. in that c. that d. where

30 . _____ once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, were estimated to becomeextinct by the year 2025.a. Bengal ti gers b. Bengal tigers, whichc. Bengal tigers, that d. Bengal tigers which

Error Identification31. Nowadays people are more aware of the fact that wildlife all over the

A Bworld which is in danger.

C D

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32. Any country that has to cope with overpopulation, hunger, and poverty,A B

also that suffers from pollution.C D

33. Despite their short time on Earth, human beings have brought about enormousA

changes to the surface of the planet, where they are surviving and destroy.B C D

34. There is a threat of global war ming, that comes from the results of A B C D

Greenhouse effect.35. Our polluted environment which is the results of the overusing of

A B Cresources and destroying the wild.

DRead the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Recent research reveals that the degradation of agricultural soils, forests, woodlands, coastal fisheries, and wildlife resources is more and more serious. The majority of the estimated costs of environmental degradation comes from forests andnatural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. M ore than 50% of theoriginal forest has been converted to agricultural land by slash-and-bum. Despiteland expansion, productivity has declined because of soil erosion. F ish, timber, andnon-timber forest product stocks are decreasing. As a result, coastal towns havebegun to experience severe water shortages. H ydropower is dropping. Wildlife populations and biodiversity are in serious decline and many species face extinction.

Poor forest management and soil degradation result in huge economic losses. Thedegradation of water increases the costs and reduces the quality of both water andpower. T he prospects for economic development and poverty reduction are dependent on natural resources. Rural households rely on natural resources for theirlivelihoods, fisheries, and wildlife which provide protein in diets. U rban economicactivities depend on reliable hydroelectr ic power. H owever, people do not have muchawareness of protecting the environment on which their life depends.36. The passage is abou t ______ .

a. forest fi res b. the degradation of the envi ronment

c. fishery and agriculture d. economic losses37. Which does not suffer from degradation?

a. industry b. agriculture c. fishery d. forestry38. I t is ______ that makes agricultural productivity decline.

a land expansion b. slash-and-bum c. soil erosion d. agricultural land39. Which sentence is NOT true?

a. There are water shortages in coastal towns.b. H ydropower is declining.c. Water is not influenced by pollution.

d. We depend on natural resources to solve the problems of poverty.40. P eopl e ______ .

a. do not know much of protecting the environmentb. have a great awareness of the environment

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c. are doing a lot of things to prevent pollutiond. can increase economy without natural resources

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. The number of animal species that have died out since 1600 (4 1) ____ sharply

E xperts have looked for historical evidence of (4 2) ____ . As (43) ____ as they cantell, between the beginning of modern historical records and the beginning of the 17th century, fewer (44) ____ twenty species of animals died out. (45) _____ .in just one century, from 1600 to 1699 seventeen more animal species are knownto have (4 6 ) ____ . T he next century saw the extinction (4 7 ) ____ thirty-sixspecies. And the rate (48) ____ increasing. In the 1800, eighty-one more speciesdied out. In (49) ____ first three quarters of the twentieth century, eighty-threespecies disappeared, (50) ____ the education of people about endangered species.

The rate of extinction has not been slowed by publi c information.41. a. increase b. increased c. has increased d. will increase42. a. beings b. extinction c. affect d. influence43. a. far b. many c. long d. soon44. a. as b. more c. less d. than45. a. I f b. Although c. So d. However46. a. recovered b. supplied c. changed d. disappeared47. a. of b. in c. for d. from48. a. kept b. had c. made d. let49. a. a b. an c. the d. 050. a. because of b. due to c. despite d. unless

TEST 2Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.1 .2 .

3.4.5.

a. smalla. swimmera. parksa. foresta. suggest

b. supplyb. swordb. animalsb. existb. disappear

c. surec. swallowc. planetsc. busyc. scientist

d. speciesd. swamd. environmentsd. establishd. raise

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes the

underlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.6. L aws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals,

a. advised b. decreased i c. ban d. encouraged7. H unting for meat and burning forests for soils ______ wildlife.

a. protect b. conserve c. destroy d. survive8. N ational P arks are establi shed to create the envir onment for rare animals

to survive a n d ______ offspring.a. produce b. supply c. increase d. offer

9. The World Wild Funds is working to protect and save the forests that are i n __ .a. danger b. interest c. encouragement d. consequence

10. Scientists think it unlikely that the species will actually become extinct asa ______ of the oil spill.a. respect b. consequence c. protection d. production

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11. H uman beings can exist without water and air.a. resul t b. live c. kill d. change

12. Do you know exactly __________ number of Siberian tigers in China?a. a b. an " c. the d. 0

13. Garbage is considered to be some kind o f ________ .a. pollute b. pollutants c. pollution d. polluting

14. Because of forest destruction some rare animals cannot survive, let a lone ____ .a. produce b. production c. productive d productivity

15. The people in our village are leading a _________ life.a. peace b. peaceful c. peacefully d. peacefulness

16. H uman beings are changing the envi ronment ______ all respects.a. at b. for c. in d. upon

17. Air pollution interferes ________ our bodys ability to process oxygen.a. with b. on c. to d. over

18. We should do something immediately to save many kinds of rare animalsextinction.

a. away b. fr om c. in d. wi th19. I personally think that it is easy to understand ______ time is relative.

a. the reason b. the reason for thatc. for which reason d. the reason why

20. ______ concerns about wildlife never keeps a wild animal as pest.a. Anyone that b. Anyone which c. Anyone for whom d. Anyone those

21. Did you li sten to the lecture on the envir onment by Dr. P ike, ____ _.a. whom I have ever told you about b. about that I have ever told youc. I have ever told you d. that I have ever told you

22 . ____ want to use rain forests are cutting them down without any hesitation.a. P eople who b. P eople which c. People whom d. Who

23. The man showed us the cage ______ he kept a fierce lion.a. which b. that c. in which d. in that

24. Those villagers ____ , near the forest chop down hardwoods to sell for high prices.a. live b. who live c. whom live d. for whom to live

25. We have just had an exploration through that for es t ______ .a. which some pandas surviveb. where there are some pandas survivingc. in which there are some pandas survived. that some pandas survive

26. By cutting down the trees, people destroy the ecosystem of the rain forest ___ a. on which they depend b. where they depend onc. which they depend d. where they depend

27 . _______ comes from thousands of factories has caused enormous increases inair pollution levels.a. Smoke b. Smoke for which c. Smoke that d. Smoke whose

28. The areas ______ are destroyed suffer a lot from soil erosion.a. which tr ees b. whose tr ees c. that tr ees d. tr ees which

29. I will never forget the time _ _ _ I first visit Cat Tien National Park,a. when b. why c. where d. on that

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30. Those scientists are doing research on the per iod ______ the E arth formed.a. where b. on that c. when d. why

Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.31. the Royal N ational P ark / N ew South Wales, Australia

a. The Royal National Park it is in New South Wales, Australia.b. The Royal National Park, which is in New South Wales, Australia.c. The Royal N ational P ark is in that New South Wales, Australia.d. The Royal National Park is in New South Wales, Australia.

32. it / locate / 29km south / Sydneya. I t located 29km south of Sydney, b. I t locating 29km south of Sydney,c. It is that locates 29km south of Sydney d. I t is located 29km south of Sydney.

33. Sir J ohn Robertson / find / the Park / 1879a. Sir J ohn Robertson whom found the Park in 1879.b. Si r J ohn Robertson found the P ark in 1879.c. Sir J ohn Robertson found the Park since 1879.d. Si r J ohn Robertson who found the Park in 1879.

34. most unique rock formation / E agle Rock / look like an eagles heada. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock looks like an eagles head.b. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, which looks like an eagles head.c. A most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, looks like an eagles head.d. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, that looks like an eagles head.

35. the Park / protect / carefully / its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscapea. The Park is protected carefully because its rarity in the hot, arid Austra

lian landscape.b. The Park is protected carefully due to its rarity in the hot, arid Austra

lian landscape.c. The Park protected carefully as its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape.d. The Park it is protected carefully for its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. The scarcity of tigers and Afr ican elephants is more and more serious. They

are endangered because poachers hunt them in order to sell tiger pelts and

elephant ivory.At least 4,000 elephants are killed each year in order to meet the global

demand for elephant ivory, which is used to make carvings, jewelry and otherproducts although it is illegal to sell ivory since 1989 anywhere.

Americans should be aware that there is still a problem with elephantpoaching and loss to the il legal ivory trade, Ginette Hemley, F unds vice president for species conservation, told The Washington Post in September. And soour message is, Dont buy i t , and dont take that chance.

A Wildli fe F und report states that the U nited States seized 8,300 ill egal

ivory items between 1995 and 2002. E ach week there are about 1,000 ivoryauctions, the report said.

As for tigers, their parts are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tigerbones are used as a pain reliever in traditional medicine. E ven tigers whiskers

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TEST 3Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.1. a. introduce b. peacefully c. consequence d. influence2. a. industrial b. envir onment c. agriculture d. responsible3. a. weather b. decrease c. number d. resul t

4. a. animal b. nati onal c. serious d. pollutant5. a. vi llage b. affect c. water d. city

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.6. The _ _ _ is the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live,

a. consequence b. envi ronment c. planet d. resource7. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging effect on

the environment.a. destruction b. introduction c. influence d. envi ronment

8. The E arth is one of t h e ______ in the solar system.a. planets b. resources c. environments d. results

9. Deforestation is destr oying large areas of tropical r ain forest.a. changing b. raising c. becoming d. damaging

10. The area is roped off because the water is seriously polluted.a. contami nated b. disappeared c. purified d. endangered

11. During a long drought, farmers had to find ways t o ______ their crops.a. save b. cook c. raise d. set

12. Human beings have ______ great influence on _______ world.a. the / a b. a / the c. 0 / a d. the / 0

13. We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious _ _ _ _ _ of forests,a. destroy b. destructive c. destruction d. destructor

14. She is a famous ____ . She tries her best to protect rare animals from extinction.a. environment b. environmental c. environmentalist d. environmentally

15. The problems of pollution call for a prompt ______ from the government.a. act b. action c. acting d. active

16. They are asking for public donations to protect some certain wild animalsdying out.

a. from b. for c. wi th d. up17. M ore and more rare animals a r e ______ danger of extinction.

a. for b. on c. at d. in18. Do you know how many pandas r emain ______ the wild?

a. at b. on c. in d. from19. It is many rich countries ___ have dealt the problem of extinction in various ways.

a. where b. that c. in which d. in that20 . ______ was very kind of him.

a. That b. Which c. Whose d. On which21. Some countries ______ try to reduce extinction depend on the world organization for support.a. which b. in which c. where d. whose

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22. The N ational P ar k s, ______ certain animal species survive, are protectedstrictly from the poaching of hunters.a. that b. where c. which d. in that

23. Some parts of the wor ld, ______ , were cleared for farms and now land is a desert.a. which like the Bragantina of Brazil b. where like the Bragantina of Brazilc. like the Bragantina of Brazil d. whose like the Bragantina of Brazil

24. Smoke from factories is polluting the a i r , ______ rain forests cannot cleanfast enough.a. in which b. where c. that d. which

25. Everyone must protect the ecosystem of planet E arth, ______ .a. that a planet in danger b. which a planet in dangerc. where is a planet in danger d. a planet in danger

26. Do you think that we are using up the resources ______ for our survival?a. are necessary b. that are necessary c. which necessary d. that necessary

27. Areas _ _ _ _ _ in A fri ca, South America, and A sia are dense with trees,insects, birds, and animals.a. where are b. whi ch are c. are d. are that

28. Rain forests are places ______ people harvest wood, delicious fruits, andpowerful medicine.a. in which b. in that c. in where d. which

29. I wonder about ____ human beings are destroying the environment so seriously.a. the reason that b. that reasonc. the reason in which d. the reason for which

30. The authority gathered those villagers __ _ ___ they explained the importance of forests.a. who b. whom c. to whom d. to that

Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.31. Denali National Park / the central mountains of Alaska

a. Denali N ational Park, which is in the central mountains of Alaska.b. Denali N ational Park that is in the central mountains of Alaska.c. Denali N ational Park, where is in the central mountains of Alaska.d. Denali N ational Park is in the central mountains of Alaska.

32. the park / one of Americas greatest wildness areasa. I t is that the park one of Americas greatest wildness areas.b. The park which is one of Americas greatest wildness areas.c. I t is the park one of Americas greatest wi ldness areas.d. The park is one of Americas greatest wildness areas.

33 it / once / abundant sources of gold / heavy metalsa. I t has been once abundant sources of gold with heavy metals.b. I t is once abundant sources of gold as well as heavy metals.

c. I t was once abundant sources of gold and heavy metals.d. I t wi ll be once abundant sources of gold and heavy metals.

34. at least 600,000 visi tors / come to visi t / the Park / every yeara. There are at least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year.

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b. A t least 600,000 visi tors who come to visit the Park every year.c. At least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year.d. There were at least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year.

35. the environmentalists / have tried / prevent / tourism / destroy the wildnessa. The environmentalists have tried to prevent tourism from destroyi

the wildness.b. The environmentalists have tried in order that to prevent tourism fr

destroying the wildness.c. The environmentalists have tried preventing tourism from destroy the wildnd. T hanks to the envi ronmental ists have tr ied to prevent tourism frc

destroying the wildness.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species th

have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Ben

tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now nuber only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will becoextinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that thextinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers, who, accordingsome sources, are not always in material gain but in personal satisfy. Thisan example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinctioAnimals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered animals, a.valuable parts of the worl ds ecosystem. I nternati onal laws protecting theanimals must be enacted to ensure their survival and the survival of our plan

36. E xtinction of animal species has increased since the worlds industrializationa. True b. F alse c. N o information

37. There used to be a lot of Bengal tigers in the jungles,a. True b. F alse c. N o information

38. Poachers hunt Bengal tigers only for money.a. True b. F alse c. N o information

39. We can know exactly how many species are in danger of extinction,a. True b. F alse c. No information

40. Callousness is a contribution to extinction.

a. True b. F alse c. No informationFill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Human beings (41) _ to protect only the beautiful and non-threateniparts of our environment. We tend to pay more (42) ______ to animals on 1than (43) ______ other large sea animals. E nvironmentalists have not done (44 to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks (45) ______ populationnearly to the (46) ______ of extinction. Sharks are (47 _______ the oldest cr eat ion Earth, (48) ______ in the seas for more than 350 million years. The fact tthey have managed to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enouproofs of their efficiency and adaptabili ty to change environments. I t is time (4

______ human beings to begin considering the protection of sharks as (5 0) _____ important part of a program for protection of our natural environment.

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41. a. make b. seem c. let d. advise42. a. attention b. pleasure c. notice d. fun43. a. some b. an c. any d. one44. a. too much b. too many c. much enough d. enough much45. a. which b. that c. whom d. whose46. a. stop b. dot c. top d. point

47. a. among b. in c. between d. upon48. a. survived b. that survived c. which survived d. having survived49. a. for b. for which c. for that d. when50. a. a b. an c. the d. 0

UNIT 11 SOURCES OF ENERGYTEST 1

Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.1. a. energy b. natural c. relative d. pollution2. a. fossil b. limit c. windmill d. entire3. a. only b. inside c. demand d. provide4. a. therefore b. nuclear c. reserve d. limit5. a. alternative b. geothermal c. environment d. expensively

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.6. _ _ _ _ _ present, scientists are trying to find out the most suitable energy,

a. I n b. F or c. A t d. On7. N uclear power can provide u s ______ great source of energy.

a. for b. on c. wi th d. at8. Do you know where this kind of energy com es ______ ?

a. up b. fr om c. on d. in9. Oil, coal, and natural gas are ______ .

a. solar system b. nuclear power c. hydr opower d. fossil fuels10 . ______ energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water

for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power.a. A lternati ve b. Solar c. Hydroelectricity d. E lectricity

11 . ______ is the power from sources such as electricity and coal that makesmachines work or provides heat.a. Chemical b. M achine c. E nergy d. Natural gas

12. Water energy is used to create electricity.a. produce b. design c. operate d. heat

13. A ____ is a structure that is used to convert the power of the wind into electricity.a. dam b. windmill c. machine d. panel

14. Nuclear power is cleaner than coala. strength b. might c. rule d. energy15. U nderground cables car r y ______ to all parts of the town.

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16. We will never actually used solar energy in its ______ .a. entire b. enti rely c. enti rety d. entireties

17. Although we need more energy, we should consider t h e ______ of a nuclearpower station.a. di sadvantage b. disadvantageous c. disadvantaged d. disadvantageous!}

18. You should disconnect _ ___ power before attempting to repair electrical equipment.a. a b. an c. the d. 0

19. The energy ______ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps.a that is producing b. which produces c. producing d. produced

20. They are making an artificial lake ______ water for an area.a. provided b. that provided c. to provide d. which is provided

21. Acid rain refers to any form of precipitation ___ more acidic than normal rainwater.a. to be b. being c. been d. is

22. Carbon dioxide is the gas ______ human beings and other animals exhale.a. that b. to which c. to that d. of whom

23. The industrialized nations have promoted the waste of fossil fuels, ____ _ greenhouse gas emissions.a. increases b. to increase c. increased d. which increases

24. Scientists are constantly searching for new sources of power _ _ _ _ _ modernsociety running.a. used for keeping b. that uses to keep c. using for keeping d. which uses to keep

25. She is the only one in the discussion ________ to using nuclear power.a. objects b. objected c. to object d. whom objects

26. The old man _ _ _ _ _ a black suit is a famous energy researcher.a. to wear b. wearing c. whom is wearing d. is wearing

27. J ohnny was the last applicant _for a position in that energy station.a. to interview b. which is interviewedc. interviewing d. to be interviewed

28. Coal, ______ of energy in many countries, is a serious pollutant.a. the main source b. is the main sourcec. being the main source d. that is the main source

29. I s there any oil _ _____ ?a. using b. being used c. to be used d. to use

30. I have something interesting ________ .a. told you b. to tell you c. that tells you d. telling you

Error Identification31. Power is energy, especially electricity, is obtained in large quantities

Afrom a fuel source and used to operate lights, heating, and machinery.

B C D32. E nergy being the power fr om sources such as elect n :::. and coal

Athat makes machines work or provides heat.

B C D33. A dam is a wall building across a river to stop the river's flow and

A B C Dcollect the water.

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34. The main restrains for the Third World countries where achieve theirA

development goals are the lack of financial resources, technological transferB C

and the creation of capacities.D

35. N uclear power stations are costly which to build but they efficiently

A Bproduce large amounts of electricity without polluting the atmosphere.C D

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.M any countries are now growing palm oil trees to gain energy. The rush to

energy derived from plants will lead to deforestation, push small farmers off theland and lead to serious food shortages and increased poverty unless it is carefully managed. Rich countries want to see crops grown for fuel to help stabilizethe price of oil , open up new markets. But the U ni ted N ations urges governments

to beware their impacts. The report, which predicts winners and losers, will bestudied carefully bio-fuel industry which wants to provide 25% of the worldsenergy within 20 years. 17 countries have committed themselves to growing thecr o p s on a large scale. I t has been said that 10% of all fuel must come from biofuels by 2020. T he crops have the potential to stabi lize the price of oil, butforests are being cut to grow plantations of palm oil trees. These crops will takethe best land, which will increase global food prices. Growing bio-fuel crops canbe harmful to farmers who do not own their own land, and to the poor who buyfood. U sing bio-fuels results in some reductions in emissions but we cannot fightclimate change by large scale deforestation. I nvestments need to be plannedcarefully to avoid generating new environmental and social problems.36. The passage is about ______ .

a. a new source of energy from palm tree which can replace oilb. the report on energyc. winners and losersd. deforestation

37. Growing palm trees ______ .a. causes no harm b. helps poor far mer to be richc. supplies cheaper food d. leads to deforestation

38. The word c r o p s is used to refer t o ______ .a. oils b. palm trees c. deforestation d. bio-fuel

39. Which is not one of the disadvantages of growing palm trees?a. I t makes the oil price stable.b. I t causes deforestation.c. I t may make food more expensive.d. I t may lead to climate change by large scale deforestation.

40. The wri ter advised u s ______ .a. to grow as many palm trees as possible b. not to grow palm trees any morec. to plan carefully in the investing of palm trees d. to generate new social problems

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Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.(41) ______ more and more countries become (42) _____ there will be mo

and more competition for petroleum for cars, home heating, and industry. Wh (43) ______ petroleum contributes greatly (44) ______ acid rain, it is less (4-5

______ than coal. U nfortunately, petroleum is more expensive than coal and tsupply of petroleum wi ll eventually (4 6 ) ______ out. T herefore, there will

more and more pressure to burn coal for energy. Coal is a (47) _____ _ dirt:energy source than petroleum. Since we already know (48) ______ destructr-acid rain is, it is very important that we increase our efforts to find a (49

______ -polluti ng source of energy as quickly as possible (5 0 ) _______ we cavoid further environmental damage.41. a. Although b. E ven c. As d. Also42. a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialized43. a. burning b. flowing c. blowing d. releasing44. a. to b. on c. for d. with

45. a. pollute b. polluting c. pollution d. polluted46. a. use b. eat c. run d. make47. a. more b. much c. many d. most48. a. what b. that c. which d. how49. a. not b. no c. nor d. non50. a. so that b. but c. if d. because

TEST 2Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the re:1. a. plenty b. energy c. only d. hydropower2. a. research b. such c. change d. machine3. a. geothermal b. other c. without d. although4. a. enough b. high c. through d. thought5. a. exhausted b. hundred c. however d. heat

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.6. The sun releases large amounts _ _ _ _ _ energy everyday.

a. for b. in c. for d. of 7. The solar energy can change electricity.a. to b. for c. with d. into

8. We do not have plenty energy as we think.a. of b. on c. over d. for

9. A greenhouse is war m because the glass traps the of the sun.a. tide b. heat c. cool d. electricity

10. Coal power stations ______ sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.a. clean b. build c. release d. use

11. H ow long wi ll it be before the worlds fuel supplies are exhausted?a. got rid of b. used up c. put up wi th d. gone out12. He had spent his entire life in China to work as an energy researcher,

a. long b. whole c. relative d. short

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13. F ossil F uels wi ll be exhausted within a relatively short time.a. comparatively b. shortly c. rapidly d. disadvantageously

14. The potential of alternative sources of energy is great.a ability to achieve b. solar system c. use d. heat

15. There i s ______ of solar energy that we cannot make full use of.

a. plenty b. plenties c. plentiful d. plenti fully16. Thanks to the ______ of scientists all over the world, our life has become

better and better.a. create b. creative c. creatively d. creativity

17. The seas store ______ and release it gradually during cold periods.a. hot b. heat c. heated d. heating

18. I f the wind does not blow, there is no _ ______wind energy.a. a b. an c. the d. 0

19. I pulled off the sheets which covered the furniture.

a. to cover b. covered c. that covering d. covering20. The nuclear power plant that was completed last year will come to operate tomorrow,a. completi ng b. to complete c. completed d. which completed

21. We have a lot of important documents on energy to read.a. that we have to read b. for reading c. we read d. which we read

22. The solar panel ____ on the roofs of the house can get enough energy forthe whole family.a. fixing b. to fix c. fixed d. that is fixing

23. I think we should use hydroelectric power, ______ .

a. that is clean and safe b. to be clean and safec being clean and safe d. which is clean and safe24. Solar power, ______ a potential of alternative sources of energy, is a big

question for researchers.a. being b. is c. to be d. which is

25. Scientists will find ways ______ our supplies of coal, oil, and gas.a. to increase b. increasing c. that is increasing d. increased

26. Airplanes ______ in the twentieth century is one of the sources of pollution.a. which invented b. to invent c. invented d. that is invented

27. Mr. P ike has established a potential business ______ solar panels.a. to sell b. sell ing c. sold d. which sell ing

28. Those people ____ in favor of nuclear power do not want to refer its disadvantages.a. are b. who are c. to be d. been

29. The h ea t ______ from the sun is infinite.a. to release b. that is released c. released d. releasing

30. A survey on al ternative sources of ener gy ______ out by those scientists willbe reported to the public next week.a. which carried b. that carried c. carried d. carrying

Error Identification31. Coal provided the majority of our electricity and has been a principalA B C

source of energy since the I ndustrial Revolution.D

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32. Coal also produces the global warming issues facing we today.A B C D

33. We must establish economic reforms of a new industrial revolutionA B

basing on clean energy.C D

34. We all know which the worlds energy resources are limited.A B C D

35. M aking full a use of alternative energy is a must.A B C D

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. Today from crude oil we make gasoline for our cars, diesel fuel for our true

and ships, and jet fuel for our airplanes. Crude oil is a mixture of orgaichemicals of liquids and dissolved gases which are of little use in its crustate. I n addition, oil is used to generate electr icity, heat our bui ldings, lubr.-cate our machines, and even make plasti cs, detergents, and chemicals. Oil ha_;transformed our dai ly l ives. I n fact, nearly one-third of the worlds oil come;from offshore fields in our oceans. Areas which are the most popular for cdrilling are the Ar abian Gulf, and the Gulf of Mexico. R ecently, more attentionhas been focused on finding and producing oil offshore. One of the first offshor;oil rigs was built in 23 feet of water in the Gulf of M exico in 1947. Because c:engineering and technological advances, it is possible to operate in deeper an:more hosti le waters. We can now build platforms for oil production taller thamost of the worlds skyscrapers and anchor them to the sea floor in water;deeper than 1300 feet. T he larger platforms hold thousands of tons of equipment and can accommodate hundreds of people who work and live there tcensure that oil is produced around the clock.36. The passage is about ______ .

a. oils usefulness and harvesting oilc. crude oil

37. Oil is NOT used for ______ .a. operating airplanesc. lubricating machinery

38. Oil ______ .a. all comes from offshorec. can tr ansform human li fe

39. Oil is produced ______ .a. on platforms offshorec. in deep water

40. Which sentence is NOT true?a. We cannot live on an oil platform.b. There are many people working on an oil platform.c. Oil is produced all day and night.d. T here is a lot of equipment on an oil platform.

b. generating electricity from oild. oil from offshore

b. running carsd. growing trees

b. all comes from landd. has been used up

b. in undersea areasd. the world's skyscrapers

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Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.I nvestment in r enewable energies (41) ______ to 100 bil lion USD in 2006.

Clean energies (42) ______ powerful enough (43) _______ any fall in high oil prices.Renewable energies are becoming generating systems of choice. A recent reporthas (44) ______ that industries in rich countries are no (45) _______ dominant in

renewable energies. Almost 10% of the 2006 investment was in China andIndia. Worries about climate (46) ______ , high oil prices, efforts to break dependence (47) ______ energy imports and government incentives to shift away fromfossil (48) _ _ _ _ _ has increased investment. W ind energy won most investmentwith 38% of the total, ahead of bio-fuels on 26% and solar (49) ______ on 16%.Renewable energies are a (50) ______ to fighting global warming.41. a. estimates b. considers c. costs d. spends42. a. seem b. feel c. create d. generate43. a. survive b. to survive c. surviving d. survived

44. a. seen b. shown c. made d. noticed45. a. sooner b. possible c. later d. longer46. a. change b. exchange c. transmit d. transfer47. a. on b. from c. of d. for48. a. coal b. gas c. oil d. fuels49. a. beam b. light c. power d. strength50. a. board b. panel c. key d. point

TEST 3Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.1. a. possible b. scientist c. expensive d. plentiful2. a. potential b. exhausted c. pollution d. infinite3. a. power b. enough c. water d. solar4. a. demand b. rapid c. increase d. sailboat5. a. electric b. develop c. energy d. another

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part ; or has a close meaning to the orig inal one.6. I t may take thousands ______years to form a k ind of energy.

a. of b. up c. on d. over7. F inding out a new source ______ energy is the aim of many scientists.

a. from b. of c. for d. with8. We may have a lot of energy i f we can make full u se ____ the energy from the sun.

a. in b. from c. of d. on9. ______ energy is one that comes from sun.

a. Wind b. Wave c. N uclear d. Solar10. Oil shortages have brought on an ______ crisis.

a. energy b. electr icity c. source d. heat11. A ______ is a wall that is built across a river in order to stop the water

flowing and to make a lake.a. panel b. sai lboat c. dam d. mill

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12. ______ _ heat comes from deep inside the earth.a. Geothermal b. Solar c. Nuclear d. H ydro

13. Solar energy is not only plentiful but also infinite.a. strong b. rapid c. limited d. without limit

14. Our bui lding was cut o f f ________so we had to stop working.a. power b. powers c. powerful d. powerfully

15. Solar energy does not make the environment ______ .a. pollute b. pollution c. pollutant d. polluted

16. Nuclear power i s ______ . We need a lot of money to build a nuclear power stationa. cost b. costing c. costly d. costs

17 . ___ __ most of our pr esent energy comes from fossil fuels.a. A b. An c. The d. 0

18 . _____ nuclear energy is dangerous.a. A b. An c. The d. 0

19. I do not think nuclear power is the only energy ______ .a. to choose b. choosing c. which chooses d. that chosen

20. They are against nuclear power because they think of the nuclear disasterin J apan in World War I I .

a. that happens b. happened c. to happen d. happening21. We have a lot of things ________________ for our new project.

a. preparing b. to prepare c. for prepar ing d. which prepared22. Do you see the beautiful young g i r l ______ over there?

a. to stand b. whom is standing c. standing d. stood23. J ust imagine what would happen to a nuclear power station ______ by terrorists'

a. which is capturing b. to capture c. captured d. captur ing24. The instructions ______ by P rofessor J ohnson helped us know more aboutthe danger of energy pollution.a. that explained b. explained c. explaining d. which explained

25. Is the electrical energy _ __ _ ___ within the batteries powerful enough tcoperate a car?a. stored b. that is storing c. storing d. to store

26. H eat ______ from the sun is infinite.a. which released b. to release c. releases d. released

27. In 1892, Mr. Rudolph designed an engine ______ diesel engine.a. that called b. which calls c. call ing d. called

28. The printing press ______ by Gutenburg in Germany has changed foreverthe process of writing.a. to develop b. developed c. developing d. that developed

29. Solar energy, ______ , has not been made full use.a. a clean power b. being a clean powerc. that is a clean power d. to be the clean power

30. We are afraid of the radiation ______ from the nuclear plants.a. leaking b. to leak c. leaked d. leaks

Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.31. wind farms / generate up to 7% / U.S. electricity / in 15 years

a. Wind farms whi ch are generated up to 7% of U.S. electr icity in 15 years.

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b. Wind farms generating up to 1% of U.S. electricity in 15 years.c. Wind farms to generate up to 1% of U.S. electricity in 15 years.d. Wind farms can generate up to 7% of U.S. electricity in 15 years.

32. wind powered turbines / produce / 11,605 megawatts of electricity / theU nited States / 2006a. Wind powered turbines producing 11,605 megawatts of electricity in the

U nited States in 2006.b. Wind powered turbines which produced 11,605 megawatts of electricity

in the U nited States in 2006.c. Wind powered turbines produced 11,605 megawatts of electricity in the

U ni ted States in 2006.d. Wind powered turbines that produced 11,605 megawatts of electricity in

the Uni ted States in 2006.33. wind power / a source of renewable energy / reduce global warming pollution

a. Wind power being a source of renewable energy that can reduce globalwarming pollution.

b. Wind power, a source of renewable energy, that can reduce global warming pollution

c. Wind power is a source of renewable energy that can reduce global warming pollution.

d. Wind power to be a source of renewable energy that can reduce globalwarming pollution.

34. the wind / produce / clean energy / windmills / threat / birds and batsa. Because the wind produces clean energy, windmills cause a threat to

birds and bats.b. I f the wind produces clean energy, windmills cause a threat to birds and bats.c. Although the wind produces clean energy but windmills cause a threat to

birds and bats.d. Although the wind produces clean energy, windmills cause a threat to

birds and bats.35. many birds / kill / by the blades of windmills

a. M any bir ds ki ll ed by the blades of windmills.b. M any birds kil li ng by the blades of windmills.

c. M any bir ds that ki ll by the blades of windmills.d. M any birds are killed by the blades of windmills.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer. The rapid growth of China and India means that a lot more oil will have to

come from somewhere. World demand has grown faster in the past five yearsthan in the second half of the 1990s. Today we consume an average of 85 millionbarrels daily and that figure will rise to 113 million barrels by 2030. A survey ofthe four countries with the biggest reported reserves - Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraqand K uwait - reveals major concerns. I ran became the first major oil producer tointroduce oil rationing. A report on Saudi Arabias oil reserves showed that thefigure went from 79 million barrels a day in 2002 to 84.5 million in 2004. There

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are still 909 billion tons of coal worldwide, enough to last at least 155 years. Buicoal is a dirty energy source. The natural gas fields should last 20 years longe*than the worlds oil reserves and is expensive to extract and transport. Hydr:-gen fuel cells can provide us with an energy source but there is not enoug:hydrogen to go round and the few clean ways of producing it are expensive. Oil-dependent nations are turning to renewable energy sources. An increase in theusing of oil all over the globe will increase the chance of a disaster and the r i ;iof dangerous substances getting into the atmosphere.36. The text is about ______ .

a. the increasing number of oil used b. harvesting oilc. oil and disasters d. oil in China and India

37. The figure in the text shows t h a t ______ .a. more and more oil has been usedb. less and less oil has been used

c. China is the first major oil producerd. I ran is the most oil consumers in the world38. Coal is ______ .

a. a clean energy b. the only energy in the worldc. a polluting energy d. never used up

39. According to the writer, ______ .a. we can use hydrogen fuel to replace oilb. hydrogen fuel is cleanc. clean energy is cheap enough for us to produce

d. there is enough hydrogen fuel for every purposes in the world40. We can learn from the text that .

a. we cannot find any cleaner energyb. the more coal we use the more polluted the atmosphere isc. the worlds demand on coal is decreasingd. China and I ndia do not need coal any more

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.Oil (41) _______ for almost half of the worlds sea trade. Over land and shor.

distances across the sea, crude oil can (4 2 ) ______ transported by pipeline. For!long distance transport by sea, (43) ______ ships are used. (44) ________ first, oil wa;transported in (45) ______ barrels on ordinary cargo ships. Then Marcus Samueladopted the idea of building ships (46) _ _ _ _ _ to transport only crude oil and o;.(47) ______ which were in effect floating tanks. This was the birth of the oi.tanker. The main design feature of (48) ______ oil tanker is the division of the oil-carrying space into separate tanks for different types of oil or oil products (49 *

______ excessive movement of the liquid at sea. Some of the largest oil tankers inthe world can (50) ______ 3 million barrels (126 million gallons) of oil.

41. a. concerns b. accounts c. works d. spends42. a. be b. to be c. being d. been43. a. sai ling b. boat c. junk d. tanker44. a. I n b. At c. F or d. As

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45. a. wood b. wooden c. woods d. woody46. a. which designed b. designing c. designed c. that designed47. a. goods b. things c. items d. products48. a. a b. an c. the d. 049. a. prevent b. preventing c. to prevent d. prevented50. a. carry b. bring c. fetch d. take

TEST YOURSELF DChoose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.1 . a. survival b. pollution c. government d. material2. a. problem b. enforce c. people d. certain3. a. complicated b. automobile c. activity d. gradually4. a. marine b. require c. water d. provide5. a. available b. individual c. engineering d. transportatior

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently fro m the re

6. a. things b. engineers c. scientists d. individuals7. a. discharge b. soil c. thus d. business8. a. death b. breathe c. that d. other9. a. material b. pollution c. benefit d. stop10. a. survival b. life c. scientist d. automobile

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes theunderlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.11. Do you know when automobiles were invented?

a. cars b. carts c. tr ains d. steamboats12. It is automobiles that provide millions of people with transportation,

a. supply b. submit c. bring d. cause13. Large amounts of dangerous waste are ______ daily by the factory.

a. survived b. come c. brought d. discharged14. The oil slick seriously threatens __ _ _ _ li fe around the islands,

a. forestr y b. marine c. land d. worl d15. The pollution problem is very complicated to solve.

a. quick b. easy c. complex d. prompt

16. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the amount of pollution,a. provide b. increase c. reduce d. enforce

17. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life.a. Contaminated b. L essened c. Survived d. F ound

18 . ______ is something that human beings can never avoid.a. Die b. Dead c. Death d. Deadly

19. Factories give ______ , but cause pollution.a. employ b. employer c. employee d. employment

20. I t is a legal _ _ that producers have to deal with the waste form their factories,

a. require b. requisite c. requirement d. requires21. Our life quite depends on _ _ _ _ _ environment.

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22. W ith out ______ air and water, living things could not survive.a. a b. an c. the d. 0

23. M any countr ies do not have enough land available ______ growing food.a. for b. to c. in d. from

24. Pollution can be gradually reduced ______ several ways.a. on b. with c. in d. at

25. The citys streets are filthy and choked with exhaust ______ cars.a. in b. of c. on d. from

26. Exposure to pollution can cause many serious i llnesses ________to death.a. that leading c. which led c. led d. leading

27. G ar bage ____ releases clouds of toxic smok e ____ _ very harmful to our healtha. to bum / being b. burned / which is c. which burned / is d. burning / to be

28. At last they could find the pipe _____ dangerous chemicals into the watera. to release b. releasing c. released d. release

29. A survey ___ last year showed that there was a link between asthma and pollution

a. which carried out b. carrying out c. carried out d. to carry30. Among the worlds first industrial ized countries, the U nited K ingdom ha;

also been the first ______ air pollution.a. sufferi ng b. suffers c. suffered d. to suffer

31. Water power is one of the ways ______ pollution.a. reduces b. to reduce c. reducing d. reduced

32. M arine biologists are concerned about the effects of untreated sewage ______ into coastal waters.a. flows b. flowi ng c. flown d. to flow

33. The oil ______ into the sea seriously harms a lot of marine animals.a. dischar ged b. which discharged c. that discharged d. to discharge

34. T hey buried thousands of fi sh ___ . by poisonous chemicals from a nearby factorya. to ki ll b. killing c. which ki ll d. kil led

35. Cancer is also an illness ______ by pollution.a. causing b. to cause c. caused d. causes

Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.36. everybody / take part in / solve / the environmental pollution problem

a. Everybody can take part in to solve the environmental pollution problem.

b. Everybody that can take part in solving the environmental pollution problem.c. Everybody can take part in solving the environmental pollution problem.d. Everybody whose can take part in solving the environmental pollution problem.

37. we / use / public transportation / private cars / reduce exhaust fumesrelease into the aira. We can use public transportation and private cars to reduce exhaust

fumes releasing into the air.b. We can use public transportation but private cars which reduce exhaust

fumes to release into the air.

c. We can use public transportation instead of private cars to reduce exhaustfumes released into the air.

d. We can use public transportation with private cars reducing exhaustfumes released into the air.

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38. rubbish /not litter / on land and in watera. Rubbish should not be littered on land and in water.b. Rubbish not littered on land and in water.c. Rubbish not littering on land and in water.d. Rubbish is not littering on land and in water.

39. farmers / not use / fertilizers and pesticides carelesslya. F armers should not use ferti lizers and pesticides carelessly.b. F armers, they should not use fertilizers and pesticides carelessly.c. F armers, they do not use fertilizers and pesticides carelessly.d. F armers whom should not use fertilizers and pesticides carelessly.

40. we / plant trees / protect forests / cuta. We need to plant trees and protect forests from being cut.b. We need planting trees and protect forests cutting.c. We should plant trees and protecting forests cutting.d. We plant trees and protecting forests from being cut.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.When you get stuck in traffic, you roll up all windows of your car and open the air

recirculation system. You may think these measures can protect your nose from thenasty smelling fumes going up from the cars around you. Actually, recent researcheshave shown that on-the-road exposure to pollutants can damage the heart.

Over the past several years, it has been proved that air pollution worsensheart disease and even causes heart attacks. U nfortunately, up to now therehas not been any effective way to keep all the heart damaging particles from

entering your car. E xperts suggest that those who have heart disease shouldnot travel during rush hours.

The researchers from the N ational Research Center for E nvironment andH ealth in Germany asked 691 people who suffered heart attacks to wr ite downin detail their activities in the hours preceding the attacks. The researchersfound that the risk of a heart attack rose by nearly 30% when people were stuckin traffic, and it did not matter whether the person was driving or simply apassenger on a bus, or another kind of public transportation.41. The passage is about _ ____ .

a. traffic jamsb. heart disease patientsc. the relation between air pollution and heart diseased. means of transport for heart disease patients

42. Polluted a i r ______ .a. has no smell b. is pleasant to breathec. is unpleasant to breathe d. makes heart disease better

43. According to the wr i ter , ______ .a. you may get a heart attack whenever you are traveling due to pollutants from carsb. traffic jams cannot cause heart damagec. traveling during rush hours is good for heart disease patientsd. heart attacks never happen during rush hours

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44. E xperts advise heart disease pa t ients ______ .a. not to go out b. not to go out dur ing rush hoursc. not to use any means of transport d. not to use any public transportation

45. Which sentence is true?a. We can prevent heart attacks on road.b. Traffic jams no longer happen.

c. We do not need to use the air recirculation system in our cars.d. We have not got a

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Bai Tap Trac Nghiem 11 u916 Mlh