5B CNG THNGTRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCMVIN SINH HC & THC
PHM
BI TIU LUN
GVHD: ThS. Nguyn B ThanhMHP : 210502202SVTH: Trn Hong
11046461
Tp H Ch Minh, thng 11/2013
MC LCBI 1:31. TIN HNH TH NGHIM31.1. Mc ch tin hnh31.2. Chn php
th:31.4. La chn ngi:31.5. K hoch chun b mu v dng c th nghim:41.6.
Tin hnh th nghim:71.7. X l kt qu:81.8. Bo co kt qu8BI 2:82. TIN HNH
TH NGHIM92.1. Mc ch tin hnh:92.2. Nguyn lIu:92.3. Xy dng hi ng cm
quan92.4. Xy dng thut ng nh gi cm quan cho c ph Robusta92.4.1 Danh
mc s b cc thut ng92.4.2. M t thut ng102.5 X l kt qu12BI 3:143. TIN
HNH TH NGHIM:143.1. Mc tiu:143.2. Chn php th:.153.3. La chn ngi
th153.4. M ha mu:153.5. K hoch chun b mu v dng c th nghim:153.6. X
l kt qu22
BI 1: Mt cng ty sn xut sa mun a ra th trng mt sn phm mi v h mun
bit sn phm ca h c khc vi sn phm cng loi ca 2 cng ty khc dang c tiu
th rng ri trn th trng. Cng ty ngh nhm nh gi cm quan tin hnh mt php
th cm quan tr li cu hi trn.1. TIN HNH TH NGHIM1.1. Mc ch tin hnhCng
ty mun xc nh sn phm sa mi ca cng ty c khc vi sn phm sa cng loi ca 2
cng ty khc ang c tiu th rng ri trn th trng hay khng.1.2. Chn php
th: xem xt s khc bit nhm cm quan quyt nh chn php th A-not A.1.3.
Nguyn liu: Ta mc nh sn phm mun tung ra th trng ca cng ty l sa ti
tit trng khng ng. Sa ca cng ty A: mu A Sa ti tit trng ca cng ty B:
Mu A Sa ti tit trng ca cng ty mi: Mu not AVi A l mu chun v not A l
mu cn so snh.1.4. La chn ngi: Da vo quy tc cn bng chng ti quy ra s
lng ngi tham gia th nghim l 28 ngi: 28 ngi c hun luyn quen vi sn
phm sa ca cng ty A v cng ty B. C 5 ngi phc v chun b th nghim. Trong
gm: M ha mu: 1 ngi. Rt mu : 2 ngi (1 ngi rt mu sa chun, 1 ngi rt mu
sa cn so snh). Phc v th nghim v hng dn: 1 ngi. Thu v tng hp kt qu:
1 ngi. Chun b mu: 1 ngiCh : Th nghim vin phi hng dn ngi lm th nghim
v quy tc cng nh cch vit cu tr li tht k. Th nghim ch c tin hnh khi
tt c thnh vin tham gia th nghim hiu r cch th nghim.1.5. K hoch chun
b mu v dng c th nghim: V k hoch chun b mu th chng ti chun b: 2 lt
sa A ca cng ty A, 2 lt sa A ca cng ty B v 2 lt sa ca cng ty mi, tng
cng 240 cc tt c mu s c cha trong cc mi cc ng 50 ml sa.Tn cng tyS
lng sa trong 1 cc (ml)Tng sa cn dng (ml)
Sp sa mi ca cng tychn b a ra th trng301500ml
Sp sa c ca cng ty A301500ml
Sp sa c ca cng ty B303000ml
Thm vo cn chun b: nc thanh v, 60 ci khn giy, 10 cy bt ch, 10 cc
ty Chun b 3 phiu hng dn: 1 phiu gc, 1 phiu cho nhn vin hng dn, 1
phiu d tr. Chun b 60 phiu tr li: 30 phiu tr li cho th nghim so snh
vi cng ty A, 30 phiu tr li cho th nghim so snh vi cng ty B. (Trong
gi li 2 phiu tr li gc v 2 phiu d tr) Lp danh sch m ha mu c trnh by
trong bng 1 v bng 2. Theo nguyn tc cn bng trong php th A-not A, mu
c 4 v tr cn bng (A-not A/ A-A/ not A-A/ not A-not A)
Bng 1: Bng m ha mu cho b mu AVi mu A l mu sa ca cng ty A, mu not
A l sn phm sa mi:Mu A:149122137692298280777771916514
398767958593914922780468439974
274600773100593986446623
Mu not A:643555433355977907664470508108
123111134452441739891781271972
052089065645658732755590
Bng 2: Bng m ha mu cho b mu BVi mu A l mu sa ca cng ty B, mu not
A l sn phm sa mi:Mu A:156842906688865643258168532578
542589835752808753642897325556
648989799560220357863685
Mu not A:697683667900888768788999043432
301691510489190443358661763589
734608435769790883742890
Bng 3: Danh sch th t a mu:
Stt ngi nhnTh nghim so snh vi sa ca cng ty ATh nghim so snh vi
sa ca cng ty B
B mu AB mu B
1149122156542
2643555697301
3732986648734
4274052999532
5137692683691
6433355906835
7755446989608
8600089043578
9773065799435
10590623688752
11977907667589
12298280432325
13777771560769
14664470661556
15100645900489
16739914865808
17916514220790
18508108890753
19593658643753
20441922888190
21398767258642
22123111357883
23780781768443
24891468510842
25958593763685
26134452863742
27439972168897
28271974788358
Lu : Chng ti tin hnh 2 th nghim so snh song song vi hai b mu A v
B
Phiu hng dn:
Anh/ ch hy thanh v vi nc lc trc khi bt u th mu. Mi ngi th s nhn
dc mt mu chun, anh/ch hy th mu ny v nh li cc tnh cht ca mu m anh ch
c hun luyn. sau mu chun s c ly i. Sau mi ngi s c nhn ln lt hai b
mu: b mu A v b mu B, mi b gm hai mu cn c nm. Hy nm ln lt tng mu c m
ha trong mi b theo th t t mu t tri qua phi, bt u vi b mu A sau l b
mu B. C th nm nhiu ln nhng khng c nm li, sau khi nm xong mt b mu th
ta sc ming v dng nc thanh v ri mi tip tc nm b mu sau. Anh/ ch hy
cho bit cc mu trong mi b mu no l mu A , mu no khng phi mu A, hy nh
du vo v tr thch hp. Sau giao li cho ngi hng dn.Ch : p n ca cu tr li
trc v th t mu c trnh by ngu nhin khng nh hng n cu tr li ca anh/ ch.
V mi b mu l mt phiu tr li.
Phiu tr li PHIU TR LI
Tn ngi th: .................................Ngy
th:.............................
Ch : Khi khng xc nh c s khc nhau th bn phi a ra cu tr li bng cch
on
Mu ...................
Mu ................... A Khng A A Khng A
Cm n anh/ch tham gia!!!
1.6. Tin hnh th nghim:Phc v vin hng dn th nghim vin tht k v cch
tin hnh v cch ghi phiu tr li trc khi cho th nghim vin vo phng lm th
nghim. Sau khi th nghim vin hiu r th hng dn vin cho th nghim vin vo
phng th, mi ln d kin l 10 ngi (ty vo s lng phng th nghim), mi phng
chun b sn 1 cy bt ch, 1 cc khn giy.Tip theo phc v vin s a ln lt tng
b mu c chun b sn bn trong vo phng th km theo l hai phiu tr li tng
ng vi hai b mu, phc v vin s thu li phiu tr li sau khi th nghim vin
kt thc, c nh vy cho n khi th nghim vin cui cng kt thc.Cui cng phc v
vin tng hp kt qu.1.7. X l kt qu:Dng phng php chi- bnh phng x l s
liuTheo cng thc: = Vi:O: tn s quan stT: tn s l thuytT =Gi s: C 28
ln th nu: > 21 vi mc ngha 0.05 th gia hai mu c s khc bit nu nh
hn th khng. > 22 vi mc ngha 0.01 th gia hai mu c s khc bit nu nh
hn th khng. = 0 th tn s quan st bng tn s l thuyt.1.8. Bo co kt
quSau khi x l xong kt qu th nhn vin bo co ln cp trn v th nghim kt
thc.BI 2:Bi tp v phn tch m t:Cng vic: xy dng danh sch thut ng 1 nhm
sn phm: sp sa, tht, c, bnh biscuit, ko....... 1. Thu thp danh sch
cc thut ng m t v sn phm, cc bi bo co 2. Xy dng bng m t cc c tnh(cht
chun, nh ngha, cch nh gi) 3. Phn nhm cc tnh cht sn phm2. TIN HNH TH
NGHIM2.1. Mc ch tin hnh: Xy dng danh sch thut ng cho nhm sn phm sp
sa, tht, c, bnh biscuit, ko, c ph...2.2. Nguyn lIu:Xy dng danh sch
thut ng cho c ph nhn Robusta.Chun b mu c ph: Tt c cc mu c ph u c
rang bng thit b rang thng quay vi iu kin: 210oC trong thi gian 10
pht (ng vi mc rang nht).2.3. Xy dng hi ng cm quan- Hi ng nh gi cm
quan: gm c 7 thnh vin c la chn trn c s nh gi kh nng nhn bit mi, v.
Cc thnh vin c hun luyn kh nng nhn bit mi, hng v v trn ho cht tinh
khit v trn mu c ph. Ton b cc th nghim c nh gi ti phng th nghim cm
quan theo tiu chun ISO 8589 m bo yu cu v ting n, nhit , nh sng v kh
nng tp trung ca tng thnh vin trong qu trnh th nghim.- Qu trnh hun
luyn hi ng: Cc thnh vin trong hi ng c hun luyn nh gi cc ch tiu cm
quan ca c ph nh sau theo trnh t nh sau: + Hun luyn kh nng nhn bit v
+ Hun luyn kh nng nhn bit mi. + Hun luyn kh nng s dng thang im nh
gi cc ch tiu.2.4. Xy dng thut ng nh gi cm quan cho c ph
Robusta2.4.1 Danh mc s b cc thut ngTrn c s cc kt qu nh gi s b ca hi
ng, c 24 thut ng c ngh m t tnh cht cm quan ca c ph (bng 1).Bng 1.
Danh mc s b cc thut ng c s dng nh gi tnh cht cm quan ca c phSTTNhm
thut ngTn thut ngM t
1Nhm thut ng v mi
Mi chy (khi)M t nh mi ca thc n b chy hoc mi ca g chy ( mi
carbony)
2Mi ho cht (thuc ty)Mi ca thuc ty hoc i-t.
3Mi chocolateC mi thm ca s c la, hng v mnh v c trng,
4Mi caramelMt cm gic thm c to ra bi cc hp cht ng, Hng v v mi thm
gi nh n nh ko hoc syrup.
5Mi tM t nh mi ca t mi, t m t, hoc khoai ty cn sng.
6Mi thiMi chua,i thiu hoc mi mckhi qut hn l mi ca thc n bn
7Mi cc s dng m t mt mi trong mt s loi c ph, l hng thm ca c ti va
c ct xn, u xanh hc qu cha chn.
8Mi hoa cMi thm ca tho mc.
9Mi gia vMi thm ca cc loi gia v ngt ngo nh inh hng, qu, v tiu
Gia-mai-ca.Thut ng "gia v" khi m t c ph khng bao gm cc hng thm ca
cc loi gia v cay nh ht h tiu v c ri.
10Mi men mc
11Mi gMt c trng hng v ca c ph c. c ph c mi ca g kh, thng g si, g
cht, hoc ba cng.Ht c ph c lu tr khng ng cch trong mt thi gian di s
c mi g.
12Nhm thut ng v vV chua do acidc m t nh v chua ca tri cy hoc v
chua ca ru vang.
13V ngV ng ca acid quinic
14V chtTo ra mt cm gic se hoc th ca mng nhy ca ming hoc rng. V
cht c th cho cm gic chua gt (thng khi cp n chua)
STTNhm thut ngS thut ngTn thut ng
1Nhm thut ng v mi
18Mi ng vt, mi tro, mi chy (khi),mi ho cht (thuc ty), mi
chocolate,mi caramel, mi ng cc (bnh mnng), mi t, mi thi, mi menthi,
mi tri cy, mi c, mi hoa c, micao su, mi gia v, mi ru, mi thuc l,mi
g
2Nhm thut ng v v4V chua do acid, v chua do ln men, vng, v
cht
3Nhm thut ng khc2Th cht nc chit, cm gic se
Bng 2. Danh mc cc thut ng rt gn c s dng nh gi tnh cht cm quan ca
c ph
STTNhm thut ngS thut ngTn thut ng
1Nhm thut ng v mi
16Mi chy (khi), mi ho cht (thuc ty), mi chocolate, mi caramel,
mi t, mi thi, mi tri cy, mi c, mi hoa c, mi gia v, mi men mc,mi
g
2Nhm thut ng v v3V chua do acid, v ng, v cht
2.4.2. M t thut ng
2.5 X l kt qu
11
Hnh 1: S tng quan ca cc ch tiu cm quan Theo kt qu trn hnh 3 (vng
trn tng quan), c th phn cc ch tiu nh gi c ph thnh nm nhm ch tiu, c
th nh sau: nhm ch tiu 1 bao gm cc ch tiu mi ho cht, v cht, v chua;
nhm ch tiu 2 bao gm cc ch tiu mi chy kht, mi gia v, mi caramel; nhm
ch tiu 3 bao gm cc ch tiu mi g, mi chocolate; nhm ch tiu 4 bao gm
cc ch tiu mi hoa c, mi t mc, v ng v nhm ch tiu 5 bao gm cc ch tiu
mi men thi, mi thi.
Hnh 2: S tng quan ca cc ch tiu cm quan theo nh gi ca hi ng chuyn
giaBI 3:Cng ty sn xut sa ti tit trng mun tung ra th trng 1 snphm
mi. Phng R&D thc hin php th phn bit nh gi skhc bit v tnh cht cm
quan ca sn phm nay vi 5 sn phm khc trnth trng. Cng ty mun chc chn
trc khi ra quyt nh tung ra thtrng. Ban lnh o cng ty yu cu phng
R&D thc hin 1 php thth hiu vi cc nhm sp tng t trn.3. TIN HNH TH
NGHIM:3.1. Mc tiu: nh gi mc a thch sn phm sa ti tit trng mi ca cng
ty so vi 5 sn phm tng t ca cc cng ty khc trn th trng trn th trng:
sa ti tit trng Vinamilk, sa ti tit trng Dutch Lady, sa ti tit trng
TH True milk, sa ti tit trng Hanoimilk, sa ti tit trng
Nutifood.3.2. Chn php th: xem xt ngi tiu dng c yu thch sn phm mi
hay khng, yu thch n hn sn phm khc khng nhm cm quan quyt nh tin hnh
nh gi th hiu vi php th so hng th hiu.3.3. La chn ngi thNgi th cha
qua hun luyn: ngi tiu dngTin hnh nh gi hi ng gm 90 thnh vin tui :
20-25 Nhit gii thiu mu 20oC Thanh v bng nc Dng c cha mu a nha nh
sng trng, m bo yu cu v iu kin ting n, trnh s tip xc gia nhng ngi th
vi nhau.3.4. M ha mu: Sa ca cng ty : mu A (463) Sa ti tit trng
Vinamilk: mu B (389) Sa ti tit trng Dutch Lady: mu C (941) Sa ti
tit trng TH True milk: mu D (149) Sa ti tit trng Hanoimilk mu E
(219) Sa ti tit trng Nutifood: mu F (662)3.5. K hoch chun b mu v
dng c th nghim: V k hoch chun b mu th chng ti chun b: 3 lt sa ti
tit trng mi 3 lt sa ti tit trng Vinamilk 3 lt sa ti tit trng Dutch
Lady 3 lt sa ti tit trng TH True Milk 3 lt sa ti tit trng Hanoimilk
3 lt sa ti tit trng Nutifood S cc cn chun b 640 cc, gm 540 cc cha
mu v 90 cc cha nc thanh v. mi cc mu ng 30 ml sa.Mu i dinS lng sa
trong 1 cc (ml)Tng sa cn dng (ml)
Mu A303000
Mu B303000
Mu C303000
Mu D303000
Mu E303000
Mu F303000
Thm vo cn chun b: nc thanh v, 90 ci khn giy, 10 cy bt ch, 10 cc
ty Chun b 3 phiu hng dn: 1 phiu gc, 1 phiu cho nhn vin hng dn, 1
phiu d tr. Chun b 100 phiu tr li (Trong gi li 2 phiu tr li gc v 8
phiu d tr) Lp danh sch m ha mu theo nguyn tc cn bng trong php th so
hng th hiu. B tr trt t mu theo hnh vung latinh:1234
56234561345612456123561234612345 S dng cch bc thm ta s c c trt t
trnh by mu cho 10 ngi th nh bng di:Bng trnh by trt t muM s ngi
thTrt t trnh by muTrt t m ha
1FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
2ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
3BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
4CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
5DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
6EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
7FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
8ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
9BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
10CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
11DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
12EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
13FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
14ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
15BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
16CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
17DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
18EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
19FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
20ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
21BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
22CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
23DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
24EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
25FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
26ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
27BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
28CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
29DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
30EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
31FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
32ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
33BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
34CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
35DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
36EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
37FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
38ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
39BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
40CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
41DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
42EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
43FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
44ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
45BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
46CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
47DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
48EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
49FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
50ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
51BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
52CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
53DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
54EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
55FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
56ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
57BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
58CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
59DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
60EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
61FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
62ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
63BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
64CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
65DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
66EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
67FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
68ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
69BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
70CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
71DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
72EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
73FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
74ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
75BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
76CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
77DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
78EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
79FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
80ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
81BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
82CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
83DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
84EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
85FABC DE662; 463; 389; 941; 149; 219
86ABCDEF463; 389; 941; 149; 219; 662
87BCDEFA389; 941; 149; 219; 662; 463
88CDEFAB941; 149; 219; 662; 463; 389
89DEFABC149; 219; 662; 463; 389; 941
90EFABCD219; 662; 463; 389; 941; 149
Lp phiu th nghim nh sau:PHNG TH NGHIM NH GI CM QUANSN PHM SA TI
TIT TRNG
M s ngi th..............................Bn vui lng thanh v bng
nc lc trc khi bt u th mu.Bn c th thanh v ln na bt c lc no trong sut
qu trnh th mu nu cn thit.Xin vui lng nm 6 mu theo th t c trnh by, t
tri qua phi.Bn c th nm li mu sau khi bn nm xong tt c cc munh gi s
yu thch ca bn vi cc mu theo thang o sau:1. t thch nht3. Thch5. Thch
nhtMu 1: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Mu 2: 0 1 2 3 4 Mu 3: 0 1 2 3 4 5Mu 4: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Mu 5: 0 1 2 3 4 5
Mu 6: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Cm n bn tham gia!!!
3.6. X l kt quX l bng kim nh FriedmanTnh chun s F theo cng thc:
(1)Trong :P: s lng muN: s ngi thRk: cc tng hngBc t do cho F: P-1Tra
bng cc gi tr ti hn ca Khi bnh phng. Nhn xt gi tr F tra bng. Tnh gi
tr LSD (khc bit nh nht c ngha) trn cc tng hng theo cng thc:
Nu F vi mc ngha 0.05%: Sn phm nh nhau Nu F vi mc ngha 0.05%: Sn
phm khc nhauDa vo kt qu bng phn hng ta s kt lun sa ti tit trng m
cng ty sp cho ra mt c mc a thch nh th no so vi cc sn phm hin c trn
th trng.
