bai do an PLC

8/4/2019 bai do an PLC

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Nguyn vn thn hong th nhn n mn hc: iu khin lp trnh

Li ni u

Hin nay sn phm cng nghip ang ng mt vai tr rtquan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn. c bit l nhng thnhtu khoa hc k thut li ang pht trin mnh m v c p dngph bin, rng ri vo lnh vc cng nghip. Nhn thc c tmquan trng ca vn ny c nh hng ln nh th no n vnmnh pht trin ca t nc. Nh nc ta ra sc o to nghincu khoa hc k thut, khuyn khch u t nhm thc y nhanhmc tiu cng nghip ho, hin i ho nc nh.

L sinh vin ca chuyn ngnh in. Sau nhng thng nmhc hi v tu dng ti Trng i hc Kinh T K Thut Cng nghip.Em nhn thc c con ng em chn l ng n. cbit l vi ngnh in l rt quan trng v khng th thiu cho btk mt lnh vc no, quc gia no.

Khi c giao n, xc nh y l cng vic quan trng nhm nh gi li ton b kin thc m mnh tip thu, v ti: Nghin cu ng dng PLC cho h thng iu khin thangmy. ti ny l mt chuyn ngnh cn kh mi m Vit Nam.

Cho nn, trong n ny em ch tp trung i su vo cng vicchnh l s dng ngn ng lnh, lp trnh cho b PLC SIMATIC S7-300 ca hng SIEMENS (c) iu khin thang my cho nh 5tng.

Sau 2 thng tm hiu v tham kho, vi s n lc ca bnthn v c l thy gio ging dy b mn hng dn, gip tntnh. Em hon thnh cng vic c giao.

Trong qu trnh lm vic, vi trnh kin thc cn nhiuhn ch v kin thc trong ngh nghip, kinh nghim trong thct v thi gian c hn nn n ca em khng th trnh c nhngthiu st. Do , em rt mong mun c s nh gi nhn xtthm cc thy,v ng gp ca bn b em c hon thin hn.

Em xin chn thnh cm n!

Trng i hc kinh t k thut cng nghipLp : in 1a


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H Ni, ngy 05 thng 11 nm 2010

Sinh vin

Nguyn vn ThnHong th Nhn

Mc lc

Phn 1 Gii thiu chung v thang my

Chng I tm hiu chung v thang myI. Vai tr ca thang my

II. Phn loi

III. Cu to ca thang my

IV. H truyn ng trong thang my

V. Chc nng ca cc b phn trong thang my

VI. Mt s yu cu v thang my

Phn 2 Khi qut chung v PLC v ngn ng lp trnh S7-300

I. Khi nim chung v qu trnh pht trin ca PLC

II. Cu trc phn cng ca b iu khin lgic kh trnh S7-300

III. Khi qut chung v b iu khin lp trnh SIMATIC S7-300

IV.Cc tp lnh c bn ca phn mm S7-300

V. Cc thao tc trn phn mm ca S7-300

Phn 3 S dng phn mm lp trnh iu khin thang my

I. M t qu trnh cng ngh

II. Cc tn hiu vo ra

III. Tnh ton thit k mch



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IV. Lu giI thut

V. Chng trnh lp trnh cho thang my

VI. M phng chng trnh lp trnh

I. M phng trn PLC sim

II. M phng trn SPS visu

Phn 1

Gii thiu chung v thang my

I. Vai tr ca thang my

Thang my l thit b vn ti dng ch hng v ngi theo

phng thng ng. S ra i ca thang my xut pht t nhu cu

i li, vn chuyn nhanh ca con ngi t v tr thp n v tr cao

v ngc li. Thang my gip cho vic tng nng sut lao ng, gim

chi ph v thi gian v sc lc lao ng ca con ngi. V vy,thang my c s dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc ca nn kinh t

quc dn.

Trong cng nghip, thang my dng vn chuyn hng ho,

sn phm, nguyn vt liu v a cng nhn n lm vic

nhng ni c cao kh nhau. Trong mt s ngnh cng nghip

nh khai thc hm m, xy dng, luyn kim... th thang my ng

mt vai tr quan trng khng th thiu c. Ngoi ra, thang my

cn c s dng rng ri v khng km phn quan trng trong cc

nh cao tng, c quan, bnh vin, khch sn. Thang my gip cho



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con ngi tit kim thi gian, sc lc, tng nng sut cng vic. Hin

nay, thang my l mt yu t quan trng trong vic cnh tranh xy

dng kinh doanh cc h thng xy dng. V mt gi tr i vi cc

to nh cao tng, t 25 tng tr ln th thang my chim hong 7-

10% tng gi trn cng trnh. Chnh v vy, thang my ra i

v pht trin rt sm cc nc tin tin. Cc hng thang my ln trn

th gii lun tm cch i vi sn phm p ng cc yu cu v

i hi ca con ngi ngy mt cao hn.

Vit nam t trc ti nay, thang my c ch yu s dng trongcng nghip ch hng v ang dng th s. Trong hon cnh

hin nay, nn kinh t ang c

bc pht trin mnh th nhu cu s dng thang my trong mi lnh

vc ca i sng x hi ngy cng tng.

II. Phn loi thang my

Thang my hin nay c ch to v thit k rt a dng vi

nhiu kiu loi khc nhau phhp vi tng mc ch s dng ca

tng cng trnh.

C th phn loi thang my theo cc nguyn tc v c im

sau.



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1.Theo cng dng (TCVN 5744-1993) thang my uc phn

lm 5 loi.

a. Thang my chuyn ch ng i.

Loi ny vn chuyn hnh khch trong cc khch sn, cng s,

nh ngh, cc khu chung c, trng hc, thp truyn hnh vv..

b. Thang my chuyn ch ng i c tnh n hng i km.

Loi ny thng dng cho cc siu th, khu trin lm.

c. Thang my chuyn ch ng i bnh nhn.

Loi ny dng cho cc bnh vin, cc khu iu dng ... c im

ca n l kch thc thng thu cabin phi ln cha bng ca

(cng) hoc ging ca bnh nhn cng vi cc bc s, nhn vin v

cc dng c cp cu i km. Hin nay trn th gii sn xut theo

cng tiu chun kch thc v ti trng cho loi thang ny.

d. Thang my chuyn ch hng c ng i i km

Loi ny thng dng trong cc nh my, cng xng, kho, thang dng

cho nhn vin khch sn vv... Ch yu ch hng nhng c ngi ikm phc v.

e. Thang my chuyn ch hng khng c ng i i km.Loi chuyn dng ch vt liu, thc n trong cc khch sn, nh

n tp th... c im ca loi ny l ch c iu khin ngoi

cabin. Ngoi ra cn c cc loi thang chyun dng khc nh: Thang

my cu ho, ch t...



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2. Theo h dn ng cabin

a. Thang my dn ng in (Hnh 1.2.2.1).

Loi ny dn ng cabin ln xung nh ng c in truyn qua

hp gim tc pu li ma st hoc tang cun cp. chnh nh cabin c

treo bng cp m hnh trnh ln xung ca n khng b hn ch.

Ngoi ra cn c loi thang dn ng cabin ln xung nh bnh rng

thanh rng (Chuyn dng ch ngi phc v xy dng cc cng

trnh cao tng)

b. Thang my Thu lc (bng xy lanh-pt tng) (Hnh 1.2.2.2).


Hnh 1.2.2.1 Thang my in c b ti t pha trnging thang

a, b, Dn ng cabin bng puli ma stc, Dn ng cabin bng tang cun


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c im ca loi ny l cabin c y t di ln nh pt tng -

xylanh thu lc nn hnh trnh b hn ch. Hin nay thang my

thu lc vi hnh trnh ti a l 18m, v vy khng th trang b

cho cc cng trnh cao tng, mc d kt cu n gin, tit din

ging thang nh hn khi c cng ti trng so vi dn ng cp,

chuyn ng m, an ton, gim c chiu cao tng th ca

cng trnh khi c cng s tng phc v, v bung thang my t

tng trt.

c. Thang my kh nn.

3. Theo v tr t b ti ko.i vi thang my in

Thang my c b ti ko t trn ging thang (h1.2.2.1)

Thang my c b ti ko t di ging thang (h1.2.3.1)


Hnh 1.2.2.2 Thang my thy lca, Pittng y trc tip t y cabin

b, Pittng y trc tip t pja sau cabin

c, Pittng kt hp vi cp gin tip y t pha saucabin


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- i vi thang my dn ng cabin ln xung bng bnh rng thanhrng th b ti dn in t ngay trn nc cabin.

- i vi thang my thu lc

- Bung my t ti tng trt (h1.2.2.2)

4. Theo h thng vn hnh.

Theo mc t ng.

+ Loi na t ng

+ Loi t ng

Theo t hp iu khin.

+ iu khin n

+ iu khin kp

+ iu khin theo nhm

Theo v tr iu khin.

+ iu khin trong ca bin

+ iu khin ngoi ca bin

+ iu khin c trong v ngoi ca bin


Hnh 1.2.3.1 Thang m

in c b ti t phging thang

a, Cp treo trc tip vo trn ca cabin

b, Cp vng qua y ca


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5. Theo cc thng s c bn.

Theo tc di chuyn ca ca bin.+ Loi tc thp: V< 1m/s

+ Loi tc trung bnh: V=1-2,5m/s

+ Loi tc cao: V=2,5-4m/s

+ Loi tc rt cao: V> 4m/s

Theo khi lng vn chuyn ca ca bin.

+ Loi nh: Q 1600kg

III. Cu trc thang my

Cc loi thang my hin i c cu trc phc tp nhm nng cao

tnh tin cy, an ton v tin li trong vn hnh. Thang my thnggm mt s b phn chc nng nh sau:

C cu nng h bao gm:

/C KP o chiu

HT phanh gi

Hp gim tc

Ca bin (c i trng) B phn dn hng (gm mt h thng ray)

B phn treo ca bin (h thng cp)

B phn hn ch tc

B phn kim tra ti nh mc



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B gim chn y hm

H thng cc thit b an ton v phc v khc

T in v h thng iu khin

Mi b phn chc nng m nhn mt nhim v lm thang my

hon chnh hn, an ton thun tin hn. phc tp ca thang

my cng cao th cc b phn cu thnh cng nhiu. Do , kh

nng ch to, lp rp iu chnh cng kh khn hn v lm nh h-

ng ti tc chnh xc ca thang my. Tt c cc thit b in

c lp t trong bung thang v bung my. Bung my thng

c b tr tng trn cng ca ging thang my.

H ging, thang my 11 l khong khng gian t mt bng khng

gian t mt bng t sn tng 1 cho n y ging. Nu h ging

c su hn 2 m th phi lm thm ca ra vo. nng h

bung thang, ngi ta dng ng c 6. ng c 6 c ni trc tip v

c cu nng v hp gim tc.

Nu ni trc tip bung thang c treo ln puly cun cp.

Nu ni gin tip th gia puly cun cp v ng c c lp hp

gim tc S vi t s truyn I = 18-120

Ging thang l ng di chuyn cho bung thang v i trng trnthnh ging l cc thanh dn hng (P). Cc khung ca, cc sensor,

cc tn hiu, cc b phn c kh, in ph tr cho c cu iu

khin. y ging l b m (10) cabin c th l m l xo



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hoc m thu lc dng , dng thang li nh nhng hn khi

bung thang i qu gii hn di.

Trn nh ging thang l 1 phng my ni t cc thit b nh:

thit b ng lc ko thang, hp s, panel iu khin bung

thang (7) l 1 khuy c lm bng kim loi v c trn khung

thang vi cp.

Nh con trt nh hng (9), xung quanh ca bin c nh hngchuyn ng ln xung trc thang. V ca bin l b phn m mi

hnh khch u s dng nn n cn phi m bo an ton, tin

cy, thm m, tin li. Ca bin trang b ca bung thang cc thit b

iu khin vn hnh (9) cc nt gi tng, cc cng tc nhn bit

tng ca thot

khn cp, chiu sng, tay vn... v c thit k vi yu cu vnhnh lu di, m, bo dng t nht.

i trong (6) l 1 trng lng treo ti u duy i din ca cp ko

thang. i trng thng l cc khi thp c c nh hnh,

trng lin quan n trng lng ca ca bin, n c s dng nng

lng cn thit cho ng c ko thang gim tng ng. i trng d

chuyn theo hai thanh dn hng nm trong ging thang v di

chuyn ngc hng vi ca bin.

Thanh dn hng (8) l cc rnh thng ng nh hng chuyn

ng cho ca bin v i trng. Chng c lm t thp chu lc khp

li vi nhau m bo thang vn hnh m cc thanh dn c



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nh v trong ging thang mt cch chc chn. Cp ko

thang v i trng (5) thng dng 1 n 4 si song song v c vt

qua puly ca h thng.

Kt cu, s b tr thit b ca thang my gii thiu hnh vsau:



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IV. H truyn ng

H truyn ng bao gm:

- ng c ko (2)

- Hp s (3)

- Puly (4)

ng c c ni trc tip vi c cu nng hoc b gim tc (hp

s). Nu ni gin tip th gia puly cun cp v ng c lp hp


Hnh 1.5.1 Kt cu v b tr thit b cathang my

Hnh 1.6.1 Kt cu h truyn ngthang my


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gim tc vi t s truyn 18-120. Khi ni trc tip th tc

ng c bng tc puly. V vy, kiu thang ny dng ng c 1

chiu m bo iu khin tc v dng trong thang my c

tc cao v tc trung bnh.

Ngoi h truyn ng chnh nng h thang, cn c cc h

truyn ng ph khc ng, m ca tng, ca bung thang..

Cc h thng bo him an ton nhm gi bung thang ng ti ch

khi t cp, mt in v tc di chuyn vt qu 20-40% tc

nh mc.

Bung thang c trang b b phanh bo him (phanh d) v thng -

c ch to theo 3 kiu.

Phanh bo him kiu nm

Phanh bo him kiu lch tm

Phanh bo him kiu km

Trong cc loi phanh trn th phanh bo him kiu km c s

dng nhiu hn c, n m bo cho bung thang dng m hn

Kt cu ca phanh bo him kiu km c biu din hnh v di.



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1: Thanh dn hng 2: Gng km trt

3: ai truyn 4: H thng bnh vt 5: Nm

Phanh bo him kiu km

Phanh bo him thng c lp pha di bung thang, gng

km 2 trt theo thanh dn hng 1. Khi tc ca tanh bnh thng

nm gia hai cnh tay n ca km c nm (5) gn vi h truyn

ng bnh vt trc vt (4). H truyn ng trc vt c 2 loi renl ren tri v ren phi.

Cng vi kt cu phanh bo him, bung thang cn trang b

thm c co hn ch tc kiu li tm khi bung thang di chuyn

s lm cho c co hn ch tc kiu li tm quay. Khi tc d

chuyn ca bung thang tng c cu ai truyn (3) s lm cho tang

5 quay v km 5 s p cht bung thang vo thanh dn hng v hnch tc ca bung thang.

V. Chc nng ca 1 b phn trong thang my

1. Cabine

- L phn t chp hnh quan trng nht trong thang my, n l

ni gi hang, ch ngi n cc tng do phi m bo yucu ra v kch thc, hnh dng, thm m v cc tin ngh

trong .

- Hot ng ca ca bin l chuyn ng tnh tin ln xung da

trn ng trt l h thng hai dy dn hng nm tng cng mt


Hnh 1.6.2 Phanh bo him kiu km


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mt phng m bo chuyn ng m, nh, chnh xc,

khng rung git trong qu trnh lm vic.

- m bo cho ca bin hot ng u trong c qu trnh ln

cng nh xung, c ti hay khng ti, ngi ta s dng 1 i trng

c chuyn ng tnh tin trn hai thanh khc ng phng

ging nh 1 ca bin nhng chuyn ng ngc vi ca bin do cp c

vt qua puly ko.

- Do trng lng ca ca bin v trng lng ca i trng c tnh

ton k lng cho nn mc d ch vt qua puly ko cng khng

xy ra hin tng trn puly-cabin-hp gim tc-i trng to nn 1c h phi hp chuyn ng nhp nhng do phn khc iu

chnh l ng c.

2. ng c

- L khu dn ng hp gim tc theo 1 vn tc quy nh lm

quay puly ko ca bin ln xung. ng c s dng trong thang my

l ng c 3 pha rto dy qun hoc rto lng sc. V ch

lm vic ca thang my l ngn hn lp li. Cng vi yu cu

iu chnh tc . Moment ng c theo 1 lc no cho

m bo yu cu kinh t v cm gic ca ngi i thang my.

- ng c l 1 phn t quan trng c iu chnh ph hp vi yu

cu nh 1 h thng in t b x l trung tm

3. Phanh

- L khu an ton, n thc hin nhim v cho ca bin ng im

cc vt dng tng, khi tc ng l 2 m phanh s kp ly tang

phanh. Tang phanh gn ng trc vi ng c.



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- Hot ng ca phanh c phi hp nhp nhng vi qu trnh lm

vic ca ng c.

4. ng c m ca LL 1 ng c in xoay chiu to ra moment m ca cabin kt hp

vi m ca tng. Khi cabin dng ng tng, rle thi gian s ng

mch iu khin ng c m ca theo 1 quy lut nht nh.

m bo qu trnh ng m m nh, khng c va p. Nu

khng may 1 vt g hay ngi kt gia ca tng ang ng

th ca tng s t ng m ra nh 1 b phn c bit g ca cgn phn hi vi ng c qua b x l trung tm.

5. Ca

Gm ca cabin v ca tng, ca cabin khp kn cabin trong qu

tnh chuyn ng, khng to ra cm gic chng mt cho hnh

khch v ngn khng cho rii ra khi cabin bt c th g, ca tng

che chn, bo v an ton ton b ging thang v cc thit b

trong ca ca bin v ca tng c kho lin ng m bo

ng l ng thi

6. B phn hn ch tc

L b phn an ton: khi vn tc thay i do 1 nguyn nhn no

vt qu vn tc cho php. B hn ch tc s bt c cu

khng ch ct iu khin ng c v phanh lm vic.

7. Cc thit b ph khc

Nh qut gi, n trn, chung, in thoi lin lc, cc ch th s bo

chiu chuyn ng... c lp t trong ca bin to cho hnh khch

1 cm gic d chu khi i thang my.



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VI. MT S YU CU V THANG MY

1. An ton

Thang my l thit b ch ngi v hng ho t cao ny n

cao khc theo phng thng ng. Do vn an ton trong h

thng thang my phi c t ln hng u. Bin php thc hin

an ton trong h thng thang my phi c tnh ton, b tr, thit

k l: ngoi cc thit b sn sng lm vic khi c s c xy ra, ng-

i ta b tr hng lot cc thit b kim tra theo di v gim st cc

hot ng ca thang nhm pht hin kp thi v x l s c.Mt vi s nguy him c th xy ra v bin php phng trnh

Khi thang ang hot ng c th xy ra hin tng t cp truyn

ng hoc cp truyn ng b trt trn puly ko. Khi tc r

ca thang ln cn phi gi thang li khng cho php ri tip.

phng trnh trng hp ny ngui ta s dng b hn ch tc c

t nh thang v iu khin bi 1 vng cp kn t bungthang qua puly ca b iu tc vng xung di 1 puli c nh

y ging thang cp ny chuyn ng vi bng tc ca bung

quang. Khi tc vt qu gi tr cho php th b hn ch tc

pht tn hiu nh ngt mch in a h thng phanh hm v thit

b chng ri vo lm vic.


1: Puli2: Dy cp3: Qu vng4: Cam5: Tay n6: M phanh7: L xo8: Phanh an ton9: Rng rc c nh10: Cng tc in

Hnh


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Cp (2) treo vng qua puly (1) qua rng rc c nh (9) dn h-

ng theo cp (2). Trng hp cp t hay trt th puly (1) quay nhanh

hn tc nh mc (v cp(2) chuyn ng cng tc vi

bung thang). Tc ca puly (1) tng tng ng vi tc ri (hay

trt ca bung thang). n 1 tc no th qu vng (3) nh

lc li tm s vng v p vo cam (4). Cam (4) s tc ng vo

cng tc in (10) lm ng c dng li. ng thi cam (4) y

m phanh (6) kp cht cp truyn ng li khi ca bin ri xung,

cp (2) kp thanh n by gn vo bung thang a b chng r

v phanh bo him vo lm vic. Tc ca bung thang m t

b hn ch tc lm vic gi l tc nh.

Trong qu trnh thang my vn hnh phi m bo thang my

khgn vt qu gii hn chuyn ng ln v gii hn chuyn ng

xung, tc l thang ln tng cao nht th mi chuyn ng

ln l khng cho php, cn khi thang xung di tng 1 ch cho

php chuyn ng ln. thc hin iu ny ngi ta lp cc

thit b khng ch dng t ng nh v y thang. Cc thitb khng ch ny cho php dng thang t ng v c lp vi cc

thit b vn hnh khc khi bung thang i ln nh hoc xung d-

i y thang. an ton ngoi thit b dng t ng, ngi ta cn



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b tr cc cc hn c nhim v ng thng khi cc thit b t

ng dng thang b hng.

i vi cc thit b dng t ng, khi bung thang i ln

n tng trn cng th n tc ng v n ch c th i xung m

kh nng di ln l khng cho php vi cc cc hn khi tc ng th

mi kh nng i ln hay i xung u b cm. dng thang

trong nhng trng hp khn cp v trnh va p mnh ngi ta thng

b tr cc b m (l xo, thu lc) t y ging thang.

Vic ng, m ca bung thang v ca tng ch thc hin kh

bung thang dng hn v chnh xc.

Bung thang ch chuyn ng khi cc ca tng v ca bung

thang ng hn v khng b qu ti ng thi n cng ph

p ng yu cu ng m ca nhanh, dng khn cp.

2. Yu cu v s ti u lut iu khin

Khi thang my hot ng c th xy ra trng hp thang phiphc v ng thi nhiu ngi, mi ngi li c nhu cu i n tng

khc nhau, v vy s ti u trong iu khin thang my l c

bit quan trng. S ti u phi tho mn c ng thi cc yu

cu c bn sau:

- Phc v c ht cc tn hiu gi tng, n tng.

-

Tng qung ng m thang phi di chuyn l ngn nht- H thng truyn ng khng phi hm, dng nhiu ln m

bo ti a thi gian qu .



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- Sao cho ngi s dng thang my cm thy c phc v 1 cch

tt nht. Trnh tnh trang ngi gi thang trc m phi

thang qu lu.

Thng cc h thng iu khin thang my hin nay tun theo 2

lut iu khin sau:

Lut iu khin ti u theo v tr: Theo lut ny th tn hiu

gi thang gn nht s phc v trc. Phng n ny c nhc im l

c th thang ch phc v 1 phm vi tng nht nh, nu trong

phm vi tng c lu lng khch ra vo ng kh p ng

Lut iu khin ti u theo chiu chuyn ng: Theo lut ny

th tn hiu gi u tin s quyt nh hnh trnh u tin cho

thang. Nu thanh chuyn ng theo hnh trnh ln th n phc v

ln lt ht tt c cc tn hiu gi trc khi thang thay i hnh

trnh ngc li.

3. Yu cu v gia tc, tc , git

Mt trong nhng yu cu c bn vi h truyn ng thang my l

phi m bo cho bung thang chuyn ng m. Bung thangchuyn ng m hay khng ph thuc vo gia tc khi m my v

khi hm.



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Cc tham s chnh c trng cho ch lm vic ca thang my

l:

+ Tc di chuyn: v (m/s)

+ Gia tc: a (m/s2)

+ git: f (m/s3)

Tc di chuyn ca bung thang quyt ng nng sut ca

thang my c ngha quan trng nht l i vi cc nh cao tng.

i vi cc nh chc tri, ti u nht l dng thang my cao tc v = 3,5

m/s, gim thi gian qu v tc di chuyn. Trung bnh cabung thang t gn bng tc nh mc. Nhng vic tng tc

li dn n tng gi thnh. Nu tc thang my v = 0,75 m/s

tng ln v = 3,5 m/s gi thnh tng 4 n 5 ln. Bi vy, tu theo

cao ca nh m chn thang my c tc ph hp vi tc ti

u.

Tc di chuyn trung bnh ca thag my c th tng bng cchgim thi gian m my v hm my, c ngha l tng tc. Nhng khi

gia tc ln s gy ra cm gic kh chu cho hnh khch (nh chng

mt, s hi, nght th...). Bi vy, gia tc ti u l: a < 2 m/s2

Gia tc m bo nng sut cao khong gy ra cm gic kh chu

cho hnh khch c a ra trong bng sau:



23/119


Tham s H truyn ngXoay chiu Mt chiu

Tc (m/s) 0,5 0,75

1 1,5 2,5 3,5

Gia tc cc i (m/s2) 1 1 1,5 1,5 2 2Gia tc tnh ton thitb (m/s2)

0,5 0,5 0,8 1 1 1,5

4. Yu cu dng chnh xc bung thang

Bung thang phi dng chnh xc so vi mt bng ca tng

Cn dng sau khi n nt dng. Nu bung thang dng khng chnh

xc s gy ra cc hin tng sau:

- i vi thang my ch khch: lm hnh khch ra vo kh khn, tng

thi gian ra vo ca hnh khch gim nng sut.

- i vi thang my ch hng: gy kh khn trong vic bc d hng.

Trong 1 s trng hp, c th khng thc hin c vic xp v bc d

hng.

- khc phc hu qu c th nhn nt bm t c

chnh xc khi dng. - -- Nhng s dn n vn khng mong

mun nh:

+ Hng thit b iu khin

+ Gy tn tht nng lng

+ Gy hng hc cc thit b c kh

+ Tng thi gian t lc hm n lc dng

+ dng chnh xc bung thang cn phi tnh n mt nahiu s ca hai qung ng trt khi phanh m bung thang y t

v khi bung thang khng ti theo cng 1 hng chuyn ng.

- Cc yu t nh hng n dng chnh xc bung thang bao gm:

+ Moment c cu phanh



24/119


+ Moment qun tnh ca bung thang

+ Tc bt u hm v 1 s yu t ph khc

- Qu trnh hm bung thang xy ra nh sau: khi bung thang i gn

n gn sn tng. Cng tc chuyn i tng cp lnh ln h

thng iu khin ng c dng ng c. Trn qung thi gian

AT (thi gian tc ng ca thit b iu khin) bung thang i -

c qung ng l:

S = Vo * AtVo: Tc bt u hm (m/s)

- Khi c cu phanh tc ng l qu trnh hm bung thang trongthi gian ny bung thang i c qung ng S.

S' =Fc)2(Fph

mVo2

m: khi lng cc phn chuyn ng ca bung thang (kg)

Fph: lc phanh (N)

Fc: lc cm tnh (N)

Du +, - ph thuc vo chiu tc dng ca lc Fc

Khi bung thang i ln Fc l (+)

Khi bung thang i xung Fc (-)

Scng c th vit di dng sau.

S' =c)Zi(Mph

D/2J2

0

M

w

J: M men qun tnh h quy i v chuyn ng ca bung

thang.

J { kgm2 }



25/119


Mph : M men m/st ( N ).

Mc : M men cn tnh ( N ).

Wo : Tc quay ca ng c lc bt u phanh ( ra /s )

: ng knh Puli ko cp ( m )

i: T s truyn.

- Qung ng m bung thang i c t khi cng tc chuyn i

tng cho lnh dng n khi bung thang dng ti sn tng l :

S = S'+S"-VO'At+)Zi(Mph.

D/2J

20

2

0

w

w

- Cng tc chuyn i tng t cch sau tng 1 khong no

lm sao cho bung thang nm hiu gi hai qung ng trt kh

phanh y ti v khng ti

Sai s ln nht l :

A,S =2

S-S21

S1 : Qung ng trt nh nht ca bung thang khi phanh.S2: Qung ng trt ln nht ca bung thang khi phanh.

Bng ghi thang s ca cc h truyn ng vi khng chnh xckhi dng.

H TPham

vi iuchnhtc

Tc di

chuynm/s

Giatcm/s

khngchnhxc khidngmm



26/119


/C KB RTLS 1 cptc

l: 1 0,8 1 5 1 20- 150

2 l: 4 0 5 1 5 10- 153 l: 4 1 1,5 25- 35

H MF - /C ( F - ) . 1 : 30 2 2 10- 15H MF - /C c K/itrungGian

l: 100 2,5 2 5- 10

5. Cc h truyn ng dng trong thang my:

Khi thit k trang b in, in t cho thang my vic la

chn mt h truyn ng phi da trn cc yu cu sau.

+ chnh xc khi dng

+Tc di chuyn bung thang

+ Gia tc ln nht cho php

+ Phm vi iu chnh tc



27/119


H truyn ng xoay chiu dng ng c khng ng b

roto lng sc v roto dy qun c dng kh ph bin trong trang

b in t thang my v my nng. H truyn ng c KB Rto

lng sc thng dng cho thang my ch hng tc chm. Vi h

truyn ng ng c KB Rto dy qun thng cho cc my nng

c ti trng ln ( Ls ng c truyn ng ti 200kw. Nhm hn ch

dng khi ng khng lm nh hng n ngun in cung

cp.

H thng truyn ng xoay chiu dng ng c KB nhiu

cp tc thng dng cho cc thang my ch khch tc trungbnh.

H truyn ng lC F - c K trung gian thng thng dng cho

cc thang my cao tc. H ny m bo biu chuyn ng

hp l nng cao chnh xc dng ti (10 - 15)mm, nhc im

ca h ny l cng sut lp t ln gp 3 - 4 ln so vi h xoay

chiu. Phc tp trong vn hnh v sa cha .Nhng nm gn y do s pht tnn ca khoa hc k thut in

t cng sut ln, cc h truyn ng lC dng b bin i thnh,

c AD kh rng ri trong cc thang my cao tc vi tc ti 5m/s.

Phn 2Khi qut chung v PLC ngn ng lp trnh step7-300

I. Khi nim chung v qu trnh pht trin ca PLC



28/119


PLC l t vit tt ca cm t ting Anh: Programmable

Logic Controller, tm dch sang ting Vit l: thit b iu

khin logic kh trnh.

1. S ra i v pht trin ca cng ngh PLC

Cui th k 17 u th k 18 l s pht trin nhanh mnh v

"cch mng cng nghip" ty u c bit l cc nc c nhiu

thuc a nh Anh v Php. T nhu cu v s ng v ch bin sn

phm ngy cng tng, nn h thng c kh sn xut trn nhng ph-

ng tin th s v n l khng p ng khi nhu cu . Vicyu cu thit k mt h thng sn xut trn dy chuyn vi iu

khin chung gii quyt c ton b nhng nhc im trc y.

c bit l s pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng, hin

i v cng ngh v iu khin logic kh lp trnh da trn c s

pht trin ca c s Tin hc, c th l s pht tnn ca my tnh.

Nm 1808 M.Jacquard dng cc l c trn cc tm th kimloi mng, xp xp trn my dt theo nhiu cch khc nhau

iu khin my dt t ng thc hin cc mu hng phc tp.

Nm 1834 Babbage hon thin chic my tnh c kh ca

Pascal. My ny c kh nng tnh ton vi chnh xc ti su s

thp phn.

Nm 1943 hai ngi M l Mauchly v Eckert ch to my

tnh in t u tin gi l " My tnh v tch phn s in t ".

Khi k thut bn dn pht trin v c a vo thao tc, th

nhng my tnh in t lp trnh mi c sn xut.



29/119


Pht trin ca in t v km theo n l s pht trin Tin hc

cng vi s pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng da trn c

s l Tin hc pht minh ra hng lot :

+ Mch tch hp in t IC Nm 1959

+ Mch tch hp gam rng LSI Nm 1965

+ B vi s l Nm 1974

+ D liu chng trnh iu khin

+ K thut lu tr v.v...

Nh vy trong qu hnh pht trin khoa hc k thut trc y

cho d thi gian cha phi l xa lc con ngi mi ch nhn thc -c hai phm tr k thut l iu khin bng c kh v iu khin

bng in t. Nhng sa mt thi gian pht trin c bit l k

thut my tnh con ngui dng nhiu ch tiu chi tit phn

bit cc loi k thut iu khin m cng vic phi da vo

thc t sn xut v yu cu i hi ca h thng iu khin ton

din, ch khng ch iu khin trn tng my ring l na.Vic pht minh ra k thut my tnh v cc ng dng vo cng

ngh ng vai tr quan trng v quyt nh trong nn cng

nghip t ng ho. c bit l h thng t ng iu khin kh

lp trnh PLC.

S pht trin ca PLC em li nhiu li nhun m lm cho

cc my tr ln nhanh nhy, r rng v tin cy cao.

T "B diu khin logic kh lp trnh" c dch ngha t

Ting Anh Programmable Logic Controller



30/119


Ngy nay h thng iu khin bng PLC ang dn c thay

th cho h thng iu khin rle v h thng iu khin in t

c s dng bn dn.

2.Vai trTc dng ca PLC i vi di sng x hi

2.1 : vai tr ca PLC

Trong h thng iu khin t ng th PLC c xem nh tr

tim ca h thng iu khin. Cng vi chng trnh iu khin

ng dng ( c lu tr trong b nh ca PLC ) trong qu trnh hot

ng th PLC gim st, iu khin trng thi hot ng ca h

thng thng qua cc tn hiu phn hi t cc thit b np vo. Sau n s da trn chng trnh logic xc nh cc cng vic

cn thit c cc tn hiu a n cc thit b u ra.

PLC c th s dng iu khin cc qu trnh n gin

v lp li, hoc mt vi trong s chng c th lin kt vi cc thit

b iu khin ch hoc cc my ch khc thng qua mt mng

ngn iu khin thng nht cc qu trnh phc tp.2. 2: Gi tr kinh t

H thng iu khin ca PLC c so snh cng loi vi h thng

iu khin bng rle v in t

V chc nng c bn th hai b iu khin: Rle v PLC l ging

nhau nh.

Nhn cc tn hiu vo v phn hi t cc cm bin Lin kt v ghp ni cc phn t ph hp vi chng

trnh

Cc lnh nhn vo c so snh tnh ton a tn hiu

iu khin ra ngoi



31/119


Cc tn hiu iu khin c gi ti mt ch thch

hp

Ngoi ra b PLC cn c th c lin kt vi b iu khin s NC

hoc CNC to thnh b iu khin thch nghi. .

a. H thng rle v in t

y l h thng iu khin bng quy trnh cng c ngha l

Cc b iu khin c lp trnh v thit k theo ng quy trnh

hot ng. Khi c s thay i theo yu cu cng ngh th ph

thay i li quy trnh cng. Do vy m s khng linh hot trongiu khin hn ch rt nhiu cho ngi vn hnh v iu khin.

b. H thng iu khin PLC

L h thng iu khin c lp trnh. Ngn ng c lp trnh

trong b nh v thng qua b vi s l a tn hiu iu khin

theo cng ngh. y c gi l quy trnh mm, khi yu cu ca

iu khin c thay i th ch cn lp trnh li phn mmm

ton b phn cng vn c gi nguyn.

c. Nhng c trng lp trnh ca cc loi iu khin


iu khin

Cc chc nng c lu tr

Tip xc vt l B nh kh lp


32/119


d. L do s dng PLCTrc kia b PLC rt t kh nng hot ng b hn ch v qui trnh lp trnh

phc tp. V nhng l do m n ch c dng cho nhng my v thit b c bit

c s thay i thit k cn phi tin hnh ngay c trong giai on lp bng nhim v

v lp lun chng. Do gim gi lin tc, km theo tng kh nng ca PLC dn n kt

qu l s pht trin rng ri ca vic p dng PLC . By gi n thch hp cho mt

phm vi rng cc loi thit b my mc.Cc b PLC n khi vi 24 knh u vo v 16 knh u ra l thch hp vi

nhng my tiu chun n , h thng gia ti- b ti v nhng trang thit b lin hp x

l t lin t ng l khng cn thit s dng PLC trn cc my tiu chun bi v t c

kh nng phi chu mt s thay i. Hn na cc biu mch tiu chun cho

vic x l t liu. s hp dn ca PLC trn trn th trng c khng nh cho nhng

ng dng n gin ni trn l bi v n c tin cy cao. Chim t ch v loi b

c yu cu ni dy, ghp cc rle v cc b thi gian.

Nhng b PLC vi nhiu kh nng ng dng v la chn c dng cho nhng

nhim v phc tp hn, cho nn ngi ta mong mun c c mt lot PLC c th c

lp trnh qua mt panen kch c chung v dng mt qui trnh lp trnh chung.


Quy trnh Quy trnh phn

Lin ktcng

Lin ktphch

RAMEEPROM

ROMEPROM


33/119


Nhng u im ca vic ng dng PLC l:

Chun b vo hot ng nhanh, thit k mun cho php thch nghi n gin

vi bt k loi chc nng iu khin. Khi b iu khin v cc ph kin c lpghp th b PLC vo t th sn sng lm vic ngay. Ngoi ra n cn c th c s

dng cho nhng li cho nhng ng dng khc.

tin cy cao v ngy tng, cc thnh phn in t c tui th di hn cc thit

b c-in t. tin cy ca PLC ngy cng cao v tui th ngy cng tng. cn vic

bo dng nh k thng l cn thit i vi iu khin rle nhng c loi b vi

PLC.D dng thay i hoc son tho chng trnh. Nhng thay i cn thit c

khi bt u khi ng hoc nhng lc tip theo, u c th thc hin d dng m

khng cn c bt k mt tao tc no phn cng.

S nh gi cc nhu cu l n gin nu bit con s ng ca u vo v u ra

cn thit th c th nh gi kch c yu cu ca b nh .( di chng trinh) ti a

l bao nhiu . Do c th dung va nhanh chong la chn loi plc ph hp va yucu ra.

X l t liu t ng. trong nhiu b plc ; vic x l t liu c tin hnh t

ng , lm cho vic thit k in t tr nn n gin hn.

Tit kim khng gian. plc i hi t khng gian hn so vi b iu khin rle

tng ng, trong nhiu trng hp khng gian c thu hp v c nhiu b phn

c gim bt.

Kh nng ti to nu dng nhiu my PLC vi nhng quy cch k thut ca b

iu khin ging ht nhau th lm chi ph lao ng s rt thp so vi b iu khin

rle. iu l do gim phn ln lao ng lp gip, hn na ngi ta a dng PLC



34/119


hn cc loi Iu khin khc khng ch v n cn c th p ng nhu cu nhu cu ca

cc thit b mu u tin m ta c th thay i ci tin trong qu trnh vn hnh.

S ci bin thun tin: nhng b iu khin, nu ch mun ci bin mt phn

nh trong dy chc nng, c th c ti to mt cch n gin bng sao chp, ci

bin v hoc thm vo nhng phn mi. Nhng phn trong chng trnh vn sn sng

s dng c th vn c dng li khng cn thay i g. So vi k thut rle y

c th gim phn ln thi gian lp gip bi v c th lp trnh cc chc nng iu

khin trc hoc trong khi lp gip bng iu khin.

Nhiu chc nng ngi ta thng hay dng PLC cho t ng linh hot bi v d

dng thun tin trong tnh ton so snh cc gi tr tng quan thay i chng trnh vthay i cc thng s. Mt l do na l n c ni sn vi mt my tnh mnh

Khi lp t h thng PLC th rt n gin. S pht trin

mnh ca cng ngh tin hc v hnh chung lm gim ng k

vmt gi thnh . Vic ng dng PLC c ng dng nhiu trong

mi lnh vc do s lng PLC tng cng ngy i ng nhn vin k

thut lnh ngh cng c nhiu kinh nghim v hiu bit tt v

phn mm lp trnh thao tc

Do tnh cht PLC ngy cng hin i v pht trin mnh nn

vic ng dng PLC thun tin v rt nhiu u im nh:

- Chun b vo hot ng nhanh

- tin cy ngy cng cao

- D dng thay i hoc son tho chng trnh

- X l t liu t ng

- S nh gi cc nhu cu l n gin

- Tit kim khng gian



35/119


- Kh nng ti to

- S ci bin thun tin

- Nhiu chc nng khc ...

V c bn chc nng ca b iu khin logic kh lp trnh cng ging nh chc

nng ca b iu khin thit k trn c s cc rle hoc cc thnh phn in t :

- Thu nhn cc tn hiu u vo v phn hi (t cc cm bin)

- Lin kt ghp ni li v ng m mch ph hp vi chng trnh.

- Tnh ton v son tho cc lnh iu khin trn c s so snh cc thng tin thu c.

- Phn pht cc lnh iu khin n cc a ch thch hp.

Ring i vi my cng c v ngi my cng nghip th b PLC c th lin kt vi

b Iu khin s NC hoc CNC hnh thnh b iu khin thch nghi n ch cho php

chuyn lnh t b NC sang my nu c ngi thao tc v my hoc sn phm khng

trong trng thi nguy him. Trong h thng gia cng trung tm mi qui trnh cng

ngh u c b PLC iu khin tp chung.

hnh 1.2 cho thy mt v d v chc nng iu khin ca b PLC. S lng u vo-

u ra ph thuc vo yu cu ca ngi dng. Nhng nu s u vo- u ra tng lnth cng yu cu phi tng khi lng b nh ca chng trnh v nht l chu trnh

my hoc thi gian qut cng tng ln.

e. Biu so snh gi c gia Rle v PLC


GiTin


36/119


T biu so snh ta thy nu s lng u vo ra ln th h iu

khin PLC s kinh t hn rt nhiu so vi h iu khin bng rle

II. Cu trc chung v hot ng ca thit b iu khin PLC

1. Cu to chung PLC

Mt PLC gm c khi x l trung tm (CPU) cha mt chng trnh

ng dng v cc module vo/ra, n c ghp ni mt cch trc tip

vi ton b cc thit b I/O.

Cc b phn c bn:

- B x l (CPU).

- B nh.

- Giao din vo ra.

- Thit b lp trnh.

- B ngun.

Giao

dinuvo

n v x l

trung tm ( CPU )

Giaodin

ura

B nh

Hnh 3-3: S khi ca PLC


Tn hiu

vo

Tn hiu

ra

Nguncung cpMy

vi tnh

Thit b

lp trnh

My in


37/119

Chuyn d liu tb m o ra thitb ngoi vi.

3. truyn thng vkim tra li

Nhp d liu tthit b ngoi vi

vo b m

Thc hin ccchng trnh

Hnh 3.4:Chu trnh mt vng qut


Chng trnh s iu khin PLC, do khi mt tn hiu t mt thit b u vo

c bt ln trng thi ON th n to ra mt p ng tng ng trn u ra.

a. Khi x l trung tm ( Central Processing Unit ):

Khi x l trung tm l mt b vi x l c nhim v bin dch cc tn hiu vo

thc hin cc chng trnh iu khin c lu sn. Truyn cc quyt nh di

dng tn hiu n cc thit b ra . Nguyn l lm vic ca b x l c tin hnh theo

tng bc tun t.

u tin cc thng tin c lu trong b nh chng trnh c gi ln tun t

v c kim sot bi b m chng trnh.

B x l lin kt cc tn hiu chu k thi gian ny gi l thi gian qut, thigian vng qut ph thuc tm vc ca b nh, ph thuc vo tc ca CPU ni

chung chu k mt vng qut l:

S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh dn n c mt thi gian tr khi chng

trnh i qua mt chng trnh y .

nh gi thi gian tr ca chng trnh ngi ta o thi gian qut ca

chng trnh di 1KB, v coi l mt ch tiu ca PLC . Vi nhiu loi th thit b

thi gian tr c th ti 20ms hoc hn.



38/119


Nu thi gian tr gy tr ngi cho qu trnh iu khin th phi dng cc bin

php c bit.

C th lp i lp li nhng ln gi quan trng hoc l iu khin cc thng tin

b bt i nhng ln gi cc thng tin t quan trng. Khi thi gian qut di ti mc

khng th chp nhn c th bt buc phi chn cc PLC c thi gian qut ngn hn.

b. B nh:

Trong thc t tn ti nhiu loi b nh (Memory). Cc vng nh ny chachng trnh hot ng ca h thng v chng trnh ca ngi s dng. Chngtrnh h thng thc cht l mt chng trnh phn mm c nhim v phi hp cc

hot ng ca PLC.

Chng trnh Ladder, cc gi tr ca b nh thi, cc gi tr ca b m c

lu li trong vng b nh dnh cho ngi s dng. Tu thuc vo nhu cu ca

ngi s dng m ngi ta c th la chn cc kiu ca b nh c dung lng khc

nhau.

* B nh ch c ( Rom )

Rom l b nh khng th thay i, n ch c th c lp trnh mt ln. V vy

kh nng ca n b hn ch nn cng dng ca n km hn so vi cc kiu b nh

khc.

* B nh truy nhp ngu nhin ( Ram )

Ram l kiu b nh hay c s dng nht lu d liu v chng trnh ca

ngi s dng. Bnh thng th d liu trong Ram s b mt nu mt ngun cung cp

cho RAM. Tuy nhin vn ny c khc phc bng cch cung cp ngun cho

n bng pin.* B nh ch c c kh nng xo c bng tia cc tm ( EPROM )

EPROM c kh nng lu c d liu mt cch lu di ging nh ROM . N

khng yu cu phi cung cp ngun mt cch thng xuyn. Tuy nhin ni dung ca



39/119


n c th b xo bng cch chiu tia cc tm. Tuy nhin khi mun ghi d liu vo

EPROM th cn phi c thit b np ROM.

* B nh ch c c kh nng xo c bng in ( EEPROM )

EEPROM l ROM c th c xo v lp trnh li bng tn hiu in, tuy nhin

s ln np/xo l c gii hn.

+ B ngun

B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p xoay chiu thnh mt chiu c mc

in p ph hp vi cc b phn pha sau. Thng l 5v cho cc b vi x l v 24v

cho cc modul ghp ni.

+ Thit b lp trnh:Thit b lp trnh c s dng lp cc chng trnh iu khin, sau

chuyn cho PLC. Thit b lp trnh c th l mt thit b lp trnh chuyn dng c th

l thit b lp trnh cm tay (rt nh).

Ngoi ra cn s dng cc phn mm ci t trn my tnh c nhn.

+ Cc giao din vo ra:

Giao din vo l ni b x l nhn thng tin t thit b ngoi vi, tn hiu vo cth t cc cng tc c th t cc b cc b cm bin nhit, cc t bo quang in.

Tn hiu ra c th cung cp cho cun ht ca rle cng tc t cung cp cho cc

bng n, cung cp cho cun ht ca cc van in t, cung cp cho nhng ng c

cng sut nh.

Mi im vo ra u c mt a ch duy nht c PLC s dng, v k hiu tu loi

PLC.

Mi knh vo ra u c cc chc nng cch li v iu ho tn hiu sao cho

cc b cm bin v cc tc ng c th ni trc tip vi PLC, khng cn qua cc mch

in trung gian. Thng th tn hiu vo c ghp cch ly nh linh kin quang. Di

tn hiu vo cho cc PLC c ln c th l : 5v, 24v, 110v, 220v. Vi cc PLC c nh



40/119


thng ch nhp mt mc in p l 24v. Cc tn hiu ra cng c ghp cch ly, c

th ghp cch ly kiu quang ,hoc ghp cch ly kiu Rle.

2. Cu to phn cng ca PLC:

Cc PLC c hai kiu cu to n gin l kiu hp n v kiu modul ghp ni

-Kiu hp n thng dng cho cc PLC c nh c cung cp dng nguyn

chic trong c y c ngun, b x l, b nh, cc ghp ni vo ra.V d PLC

OMRON- CPM1A. Kiu hp n thng vn c th c ghp ni vi cc modul

ngoi m rng kh nng ca PLC.

-Kiu modul gm cc modul ring r, mi modul th hin mt chc nng: modul

ngun, modul x l trung tm, modul vo, modul ra, modul ghp ni.

V d: PLC S7-300Cc modul c lp trn cc rnh v c kt ni vi nhau, vic s dng cc modul

tu thuc cng vic c th. Kt cu kiu modul kh linh hot cho php s dng cc s

lng u vo ra bng cch b xung cc modul vo ra, hoc tng cng b nh bng

cc modul nh.

* Cc vn v lp trnh:

Mi PLC c th s dng mt cch kinh t hay khng ph thuc ln vo thit b lp

trnh. Khi trang b mt PLC th ng thi phi ngh n mt thit b lp trnhTuy nhin ngy nay ngi ta c th lp trnh trn my tnh ri sang PLC . S khc

nhau chnh gia b iu khin kh trnh PLC v cng ngh rle, bn dn l ch k

thut nhp chng trnh. Trong iu khin rle b chuyn i c chuyn i mt


Ngun CPU IM I/O PID M

Hnh 3.5 Cu to chung ca PLC


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cch c hc nh vic u ni cc dy.(iu khin cng).Cn vi PLC th vic lp trnh

c thc hin thng qua mt thit b lp trnh v ngoi vi.

lp trnh ta c th s dng nhiu m hnh nh m hnh dy, biu ni dy,

biu logic. Vic la chn m hnh no trong cc m hnh trn cho ph hp l tu

thuc vo PLC, v iu quan trng hn l chn loi PLC no cho php giao lu tin

li v trnh c cc chi ph khng cn thit.

Ta c th ch ra qui trnh lp trnh nh sau:

3. Hot ng v x l tn hiu ca PLC:

a. Thi gian qut ( Scan time ):

-Qu trnh c cc u vo, thc hin chng trnh v cp nht cc u ra c gi l

chu k qut ( Scan ). Chu k qut thng thng c din ra mt cch lin tc v


Biu chc nng Biu thi gian

Cn b k thut

Biu bn dn Biu dyBiu cng tc

T iu khin PLC B nh My tnh B lp trnh

Hnh 3.6 Qui trnh lp trnh PLC


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ng b gia cc qu trnh c cc trng thi ca u vo, tnh ton cc gi tr logic v

cp nht ti cc u ra.

-Thi gian qut nhanh hay chm phn nh mc phn ng nhanh hay chm

vi cc tn hiu u vo v gii quyt mt cch chnh xc cc logic iu khin.

b. Cc nhn t nh hng n thi gian qut:

-Thi gian cn PLC thc hin mt chu k qut n thay i trong khong t

0.1 ms n hng chc ms ph thuc vo tc thc hin ca CPU v ln ca

chng trnh ca ngi s dng.

-Vic iu khin cc h thng con I/O t xa lm ko di thi gian qut l kt qu

ca vic phi cp nht cc trng thi I/O ti cc h thng con t xa.

Hnh 3-7: Chu trnh qut.

III. Khi qut chung v b iu khin lp trnh

SIMATIC S7-300

1. Cu to ca h PLC S7-300:

PLC Step 7-300 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC

a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn (ch x l) sau

ghp thm cc modul m rng v pha bn phi, c cc modul m rng tiu chun


Cp nht I/O

Thc hin chngtrnh

0 1

100

100 2

100

TIM0#50


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Nhng modul ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho

ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.

* n v c bn:

n v c bn ca PLC S7-300:

Trong :


Hnh 3.8: Hnh khi mt trc CPU-314

MC

951/16KB

6E7

951-0FD00

-0AA0

SF BAF DC 5v FRCE RUN STOP

SIEMENSCPU 314

RUN-PRUN

STOPMRES

SIMATICS7 - 300

314-1AE00-OABO


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1. Cc n bo:

+ n SF: bo li CPU.

+ n BAF: Bo ngun c qui.+ n DC 5v: Bo ngun 5v.

+ n RUN: Bo ch PLC ang lm vic.

+ n STOP: Bo PLC ang ch dng.

2. Cng tc chuyn i ch :

+ RUN-P: Ch va chy va sa chng trnh.+ RUN: a PLC vo ch lm vic.

+ STOP: PLC ch ngh.

+ MRES: V tr ch nh ch xo chng trnh trong CPU.

(Mun xo chng trnh th gi nt bm v v tr MRES n STOP nhp nhy, khi

thi khng nhp nhy th nh tay. Lm li nhanh mt ln na (khng n STOP)

nu n vng nhy nhiu ln l xong, nu khng th phi lm li).

Modul CPU l loi modul c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh ,cc b

thi gian, b m, cc cng truyn thng (RS485) ...v cn c th c mt vi cng vo

ra s. Cc cng vo ra s c trn modul CPU c gi l cng vo ra onboard.

Trong h PLC S7-300 c nhiu loi modul CPU khc nhau. Ni chung chng

c t tn theo b vi x l c trong n nh modul CPU312, modul CPU314, modul

CPU315.

Nhng modul cng s dng mt loi b vi x l, nhng khc nhau v cng

vo/ra onboard cng nh cc khi hm c bit c tch hp sn trong th vin ca

h iu hnh phc v vic s dng cc cng vo /ra onboard ny s c phn



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bit vi nhau trong tn gi bng thm cm ch ci IFM (Intergrated Function

Module). V d module CPU312IFM, module CPU314 IFM...

Ngoi ra cn c cc loi modul CPU vi 2 cng truyn thng , trong c cng

truyn thng th 2 c chc nng chnh l phc v vic ni mng phn tn.Tt nhin

km theo cng truyn thng ny l nhng phn mm tin dng thch hp cng

c ci sn trong h iu hnh. Cc loi modul CPU c phn bit vi cc modul

CPU khc bng thm cm t DP (Distributed Port) trong tn gi.

Hnh 3.2: Mt s CPU ca PLC S7-300.

*Cc kiu modul m rng:

Tu theo qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u vo v u ra ta phi lp

thm bao nhiu modul m rng cng nh loi modul cho ph hp. Ti a c th gthm 32 modul vo ra trn 4 panen (rnh), trn mi panen ngoi modul ngun, CPU

v modul ghp ni cn g c 8 cc modul v bn phi. Thng Step 7-300 s dng

cc modul sau:

+ Modul ngun PS (Power supply): c 3 loi 2A, 5A v 10A.

+ Modul ghp ni IM (Intefare Modul): y l loi modul chuyn dng c

nhim v ni tng nhm cc modul m rng li vi nhau thnh mt khi v c

qun l chung bi mt modul CPU

+ Modul m rng cng tn hiu vo/ra SM (Signal Modul) gm :

- DI : Modul m rng vo s : 8 knh, 16 knh , 32 knh.



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Ngun CPU IM SM SM SM SM SM CP FM FM

Slot 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11


- DO: Modul m rng ra s : 8 knh, 16 knh , 32 knh.

- DI/DO: Modul m rng vo/ra s: 8 knh vo/ 8 knh ra, 16knh vo /16 knh

ra.

-AI: Modul m rng cc cng vo tng t :2 knh, 4 knh , 8knh.

- AO: Modul m rng cc cng ra tng t : 2 knh, 4 knh , 8 knh.

- AI/AO: Modul m rng cc cng vo/ra tng t : 2 knh vo 2 knh ra, 4

knh vo 4 knh ra.

+ Modul hm FM (Function Modul).

- m tc cao.

- Truyn thng CP 340, CP340-1, CP341.

+ Modul iu khin (Control Modul):

- Modul iu khin PID.

- Modul iu khin Fuzzy.

- Modul iu khin r bot.

- Modul iu khin ng c bc.

- Modul iu khin ng c Servo



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Slot 4 Slot11

IMNh

IMNh

IMNh

IMGi

CPUngunnui

Rack3

Rack2

Rack1

Rack0

Hnh 3.10: Cu hnh trm PLC c ghp bi cc modul m rng


Hnh 3.9:Cu hnh mt thanh rack ca trm PLC S7-300

3. a ch v gn a ch:



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Trong PLC cc b phn cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi c

a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch ci. Ch

ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.

Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b

m (C).... ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1, C32...

Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc modul chc nng c cch gn a ch

ging nhau. a ch ph thuc vo v tr g ca modul trn Panen. Ch g modul trn

panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 1 l khe u tin ca v c th

tip tc.

a ch vo ra trn modul s:

Khi g modul s vo, ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mng a ch byte ca

khe , mi khe c 4 byte a ch.


Hnh 3.11: a ch khe v knh trnmodul s

n v cbn

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.00.1 1.1 2.1 3.1: : : :0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7

Khe s: 1 2 3 4 5 ... 11

PS IM

28.0 29.0 30.0 31.028.1 29.1 30.1 31.1

: : : :28.7 28.7 30.7 31.7

Byte s: 0 3 4 7 ... 28 31

Rnh 0

IM

Byte s: 32 35 ... 60 63

Rnh 1

IM

Byte s: 64 67 ... 92 95

Rnh 2

IM

Byte s: 96 99 ... 124 127

Rnh 3


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Trn mi modul th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c a ch bit l 0 n

7. a ch ca mi u vo, ra l s ghp ca a ch byte v a ch knh, a ch byte

ng trc, a ch knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. Khi cc modul g trn

khe th a ch c tnh t byte u ca khe, cc u vo v ra ca mt khe c cng

a ch. a ch byte v a ch knh nhHnh 2-2.

V d: Modul 2 u vo, 2 u ra s g vo khe s 5 rnh 0 c a ch l I4.0, I4.1 v

Q4.0, Q4.1.

Modul s c th c g trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC. a ch vo ra trn modul tng t:

din t mt gi tr tng t ta phi cn nhiu bit. Trong PLC S7-300 ngi ta

dng 16 bit (mt word) cho mt knh. Mt khe c 8 knh vi a ch u tin l

PIW256 hoc PQW256 (byte 256 v 257) cho n PIW766 hoc PQW766 nhHnh

2-3.


Hnh 3.12: a ch ca modul tng t

256-257258-259

...270-271

Khe s: 1 2 3 4 5 ... 11

PS IM

368-369370-371

...382-383

Rnh 0

283-284

...IM

...

510-511Rnh 1

384-385...IM

...638-639Rnh 2

640-641...IM

...766-767Rnh 3


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Modul tng t c th c g vo bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.

V d: Mt modul tng t 2 vo, 1 ra g vo khe s 6 rnh 0 c a ch l PIW288,PIW290, PQW288.

Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0.

IV.Cc tp lnh c bn ca phn mm S7-300

1. Ngn ng lp trnh:

Cc loi PLC thng c nhiu ngn ng lp trnh nhm phc v cc i tng

s dng khc nhau. PLC S7-300 c 3 ngn ng lp trnh c bn nh sau:

Lit k lnh (STL_ Statement List): y l dng ngn ng thng thng ca

my. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu cu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh,

mi lnh chim mt hng v u c cu trc chung l: tn lnh + thut ton.

Dng hnh thang (LAD_ LAdder Logic): y l dng ngn ng ha thch

hp vi i tng quen thit k mch iu khin logic.

Dng hnh khi (FBD_ Function Block Diagram): y l dng ngn ng ha

thch hp vi i tng quen thit k mch iu khin s

Mt chng trnh c vit trn LAD hoc FBD thi c th chuyn sang STL

c nhng ngc l th khng th. Khi mi lm quen vi PLC th nn chn ngnng lp trnh LAD lp trnh.

Ngoi ra cn c ngn ng Graph , Hight Graph v ngn ng SCL.

2. Cu trc chng trnh S7-300:



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Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng n khi hoc

a khi.

* Chng trnh n khi:

Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c

vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OB1.

B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li

lnh u tin.

* Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc):

Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra

thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khikia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm

vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip

chng trnh tm dng khi c.

Cc khi c xp thnh lp. Mi khi c:

+ u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi.

+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc hintng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s dng lnh

phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo RLO

(Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh

hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi

gi tr RLO ca on trc.

+ Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BEU.

Cc loi khi:

-Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block):

Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng trnh.

- Hm s FC (Functions):



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Khi s FC l mt chng trnh do ngi s dng to ra hoc c th s dng cc

hm chun sn c ca SIEMENS.

-Khi hm FB (Function Block):

Khi hm l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu khin

ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi v

chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. Ngi s dng c th to ra cc khi hm mi cho

mnh, c th s dng cc khi hm sn c ca SIEMENS.

- Khi d liu: c hai loi l:

+ Khi d liu dng chung DB (Shared Data Block):

Khi d liu dng chung lu tr cc d liu chung cn thit cho vic x l chngtrnh iu khin.

+ Khi d liu ring DI (Instance Data Block):

Khi d liu dng ring lu tr cc d liu ring cho mt chng trnh no cho

vic x l chng trnh iu khin.

Ngoi ra trong PLC S7-300 cn hm h thng SFC (System Function) v khi hm

h thng SFB (System Function Block).3. Ngn ng lp trnh LAD

a. LAD l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng ho. Nhng thnh phn c bn dng trong

LAD tng ng vi cc thnh phn ca bng iu khin bng RLE. y l phng

thc lp trnh bng hnh nh c s dng thng dng bi cc lp trnh vin ti cc

nh my,x nghip. Phng php ny biu th chc nng iu khin bng cc k hiu

s mch in nh tip im, cun dy v.vKhi vit chng trnh dng LAD ta

tin hnh sp xp cc khi hnh thnh mt h thng Logic (Network Logic) c th

thc hin yu cu ra. Chng trnh c x l mt Network ti mt thi im t

tri sang phi v t trn xung di, khi CPU x l ti cui chng trnh n li thc



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hin t u chng trnh. Cc khi lnh hnh nh c th l cc tip im,cun dy

hoc cc khi hnh hp :

Cc tip im (Contacks): l biu tng m t tip im ca Rle bao gm cc tip

im thng ng v cc tip im thng m.

Cc cun dy (Coils): l biu tng ca Rle c mc theo chiu dng in

cung cp cho Rle.

Cc khi hnh hp (Boxes): l biu tng m t cc hm khc nhau, n lm

vic khi c dng in chy n hp. Mi khi m t mt chc nng khc nhau nh so

snh, Timer, Counter, cc php ton v.vCc chc nng ny c thc hin khi cdng in chy cun dy v cc hp phi c mc ng chiu dng in.

b. L do la chn ngn ng:

Phng php biu bc thang LAD (Ladder Chart) biu th cc chc nng

iu khin bng cc k hiu s mch vi cc loi k hiu cng tc, cun cm, dy

ni... Phng php ny c tnh trc quan mch v n biu din mch in tng t

mch iu khin rle. Phng php ny thch hp vi ngi quen vi s nguynl mch iu khin.

Hn na lp trnh dng LAD thch hp cho nhng ngi mi lm

quen vi PLC thng tho mch trang b in v c c s vng chc

v iu khin lgc .lp trnh dng LAD c th d dng quan st

hin tng chuyn bin trn mch qua d dng tm ra nhng li

sai trong .

4. Tp lnh:

4.1. Nhm lnh v bt:

- Tip im thng h: KQ=KT nu I0.0=1, KQ=0 nu I0.0=0:



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- Tip im thng ng:KQ=KT nu I0.0=0; KQ=0 nu I0.0=1:

- Ng ra ( cun coil): gn KQ cho ng ra Q0.0:

- Lnh NOT : KQ thu c bng o gi tr ca KT:

Nu KT=1 th KQ=0; nu KT=0 th KQ=1

- Hm AND : khi c hai tip im I0.0 v I0.1 cng ng th Q0.0 c in:

- Hm OR: khi I0.0 hay I0.1 hay ca hai tip im cng ng th Q0.0 c in:

- Lnh Reset Bit: Gn gi tr 0 cho Q0.0:

- Lnh Set Bit: Gn gi tr 1 cho Q0.0:



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- Lnh RS:

Nu I0.0=1, I0.0=0 th M0.0=1,Q0.0=0.

Nu I0.0=0, I0.1=1 th M0.0=0, Q0.0=1.

Nu I0.0=I0.1=0 th khng c g thay i.

Nu I0.0=I0.1=1 th M0.0=Q0.0=1.

- Lnh SR:

Nu I0.0=1,I0.1 =0 th M0.0=1, Q0.0=1.

Nu I0.0=0,I0.1=1 th M0.0=0,Q0.0=0

Nu I0.0=I0.1=0 th khng c g thay i.

Nu I0.0=I0.1=1 th M0.0=Q0.0=0

- Lnh pht hin sn ln FB:

M0.0 lu gi tr KQ vng qut trc.

Khi I0.0 chuyn trnh thi t 0 sang 1 v M0.0=0 th Q0.0=1.

- Lnh pht hin sn xung:

M0.0 lu gi tr KQ vng qut trc.

Khi I0.0 chuyn trng thi t 1 xung 0 v M0.0=1 th Q0.0=1



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4.2. Nhm lnh so snh: Lnh so snh s nguyn 16 bit:

+ Lnh EQ_I: so snh MW0 v MW2 nu 2 s ny khc nhau th KQ=KT

+ Lnh NE_I: so snh MW0 v MW2 nu 2 s ny khc nhau thi KQ=KT

+ Lnh GT_I: so snh 2 s MW0 v MW2, nu MW0 ln hn MW2 th KQ=KT

+ Lnh LT_I: so snh 2 s MW0 v MW2, nu MW0 b hn MW2 th KQ=KT.

+ Lnh GE_I: so snh 2 s MW0 v MW2, nu MW0 ln hn hoc bng MW2 th

KQ=KT.



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+ Lnh LE_I: so snh 2 s MW0 v MW2, nu MW0 b hn hoc bng MW2 th

KQ=KT

4.3. Timer v cc lnh iu khin Timer:

- B Timer l b to thi gian tr mong mun gia tn hiu logic u vo U (t) v u

ra Y(t).

- S7 c 5 loi Timer: C 5 loi u bt u tnh thi gian tr khi c sn ln ca tnhiu u vo U(t).

- S tn hiu cc Timer t 0-255.

- Tx (x=0-255) ch tn Timer.


CV

U(t)

PV

Y(t)


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- Mi Timer c 2 thanh ghi: Thanh ghi gi tr t PV (16bit) v thanh ghi lm vic CV

(16bit).

- Thi gian tr T mong mun c khai bo vi Timer bng gi tr 16bit bao gm hai

thnh phn:

+ phn gii vi n v l ms. Timer ca S7 c 4 loi phn gi khc nhau l 10ms,

100ms, 1s v 10s.

+ Mt s nguyn BCD trong khong t 0-999 c gi l PV (Preset Value gi tr

t trc).

Thi gian tr T mong mun c tnh l: T= phn gii x PV.

4.4. Cc lnh iu khin Timer:4.4.1.Lnh S_ODT:

-Timer bt u chy khi thi gian th ngng khi ng Q0.0 s ln 1nu I0.0 vn

cn gi trng thi 1, khi c tn hiu I0.0 th tt c phi c Reset v 0.

- Cc nh MW100 v MW102 lu gi tr hin thi ca timer theo dng Integer v

dang BCD.

4.4.2. Lnh S_ODTS:-Timer kch c nh, khi c xung cnh ln I0.0 Timer bt u chy, ng ra Q0.0=1

khi timer ngng v ch tt khi c tn hiu Reset.- Trong qu trnh chy nu c s chuyn i tn hiu t chn I0.0 thm 1 ln na th

tmer s nh v tip tc chy khi ht thi gian ln trc.


S_ODTS

TV

R

T0

Q0.0I0.0

S5T#5s

I0.1

Q

BI

BCD

MW100

MW102

S_ODTS

S

TV

R

T0

Q0.0I0.0

S5T#5s

I0.1

Q

BI

BCD

MW100

MW102


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Ngoi 2 lnh trn Timer cn c mt s lnh thng dng na nh: S_PULSES_PEXT, S_OFFDT

4.5. Counter v cc lnh iu khin Counter:

- Counter: Thc hin chc nng m ti cc sn ln ca cc xung u vo.

- S7 300 c ti a 256 b Counter ty loi CPU.-Mi Counter c k hiu l Cx (x=0-255).- C ba loi Counter l:+ CU: Counter m tin.

+ CD: Counter m li.


C.name

CU

CD

S

PV

R

C_Bit

CV_BI

CV_BCD

Q


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+ CUD: Counter m tin li.

- Mi Counter c hai thanh ghi 16 bit:

+ PV: ghi gi tr t ban u.

+ CV: ghi gi tr m tc thi ca b Counter.

Nguyn l chung:

- S sn xung m c ct gi trn CV, c c di dng s nguyn 16 bit

(CV_BI) hoc dng s BCD (CV_BCD).

- C bit dng bo trng thi ca CV: CV0 th C_bit=1; CV=0 th C_bit=0;

- PV ch c a vo CV khi c sn ln chn S.

- Khi c tn hiu xa R th CV=0 v C_bit=0.

4.5.1. B m ln xung S_CUD:

Ng vo I0.2: a gi tr m vo PV.

Khi I0.0 chuyn trng thi t 0 ln 1 th C0 m tng ln 1.

Khi I0.1 chuyn trng thi t 0 ln 1 th C0 m gim xung 1.

Khi c I0.0 v I0.1 u chuyn trng thi th C0 khng thay i.Khi I0.3=1 th C0 b Reset v 0.

Gi tr b m hin thi nm trong 2 nh MW100 v MW102 di dng

Integer v dng BCD, gi tr ny c tm t 0-999.

Ng ra Q0.0 khi gi tr m ln hn 0.



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4.5.2. B m tin S_CU:

I0.1 : t gi tr bt u v cho php Counter m

I0.0 Counter m lnI0.2 : Reset Counter

Q4.0 = 1 khi gi tr ca Counter khc 0

MW 10 : cha gi tr bt u cho Timer

4.5.3. m xung Counting Down:

Gim Counter i 1. Chi c thc hin nu c s thay i tn hiu dng t 0 sang

1 ng vo CD. Khi s m t n gi tr gii hn di 0 th n khng gim c

na

4.6. Nhm lnh chuyn i:4.6.1. Lnh BCD_I: Chuyn i t s nh dng di dng BCD ( cha 3 Digit ) sang

s nguyn 16 bit



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4.6.2. Lnh I_BCD: Chuyn i t s nguyn sang s c nh dng di dng

BCD ( cha 3 Digit), do s BCD ti a 999 nn s nguyn phi ti a 999.

4.6.3. Lnh I_DI: Chuyn i s nguyn t 16 bit sang s nguyn 32 bit thc hin

cho cc phep ton trn s 32 bit.

4. Lnh NEG_I: i du s nguyn 16 bit.

4.7. Cc lnh v s hc:

Php ton trn s nguyn 16 bit:

4.7.1.Lnh ADD_I: Lnh thc hin vic cng 2 s nguyn 16 bit, kt qu ct vo s

nguyn 16 bit, nu kt qu vt qu 16 bit th c OV s bt ln 1, c OS s lu bit b

trn . MW4 = MW0+MW2



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4.7.2. Lnh SUB_I: Lnh thc hin vic tr 2 s nguyn 16 bit, kt qu ct vo s

nguyn 16 bit, nu kt qu vt qu 16 bit th c OV s bt ln 1, c OS s lu bit b

trn . MW4 = MW0 - MW2

4.7.3. Lnh MUL_I: Lnh thc hin vic nhn 2 s nguyn 16 bit, kt qu ct vo s

nguyn 16 bit , nu kt qu vt qu 16 bit th c OV s bt ln 1 , c OSsex lu bit b

trn . MW4 = MW0 * MW2.

4.7.4. Lnh DIV_I: Lnh thc hin vic chia 2 s nguyn 16 bit, kt qu vt vo snguyn 16 bit, nu kt qu vt qu 16 bit th c s bt ln 1, c OS s lu bi b trn. MW4 = MW0 : MW2

V. Cc thao tc trn phn mm ca S7-300

Chng trnh STEP 7 dng lp trnh cho PLC S7-300, S7-400. Chng

trnh ny c version 5.0 dng cho Win 98, Version 5.1 v 5.3 dng cho Win XP.



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Khi kch chut vo biu tng Simatic Manager s xut hin ca s di

dy,bm Next chn loi CPU

Bm tip Next chn cc khi OB, bt buc l OB1, cc OB khc c th thm vosau



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Chn cch lp trnh STL LAD hay FBD, trong lc lp trnh c th ty thay i. Bm

tip Next t tn cho Project, sau bm Finish, xut hin ca s lp trnh



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Na ca s bn tri sp xp dng th mc, kch chut vo m ra cc mc

con. Bm vo dng SIMATIC 300 STATION bn tri ri bm tip vo Hardware bn

phi t cu hnh phn cng ca PLC (cng vic ny cng th thc hin sau)



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Gi s cu hnh n gin gm module DI/DO, AI/AO, ta kch chut vo dng

SIMATIC 300, SM-300, chn cc module ph hp, dng chut ko vo cc slot ca

Station t 4 tr i,(slot 3 dng cho module IM), sau vo meu Station-Save ri

Close. Ta s tr li vn cu hnh mc



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Tr li Project, bm vo mc Blocks, ta thy xut hin OB1, bm vo OB1 nulp trnh tuyn tnh, ngha l khng dng cc khi logic FC, FB t to

Bm vo menu View, chn STL, LAD, FBD chn cch lp trnh. Khi lp trnh

ta c th dng a ch tuyt i (I0.0, MW2,T5) hay a ch k hiu ( Start, Speed,

Delay). a ch k hiu gip chng trnh hiu hn. C hai loi l K hiu cc

b v k hiu ton cc ( hay chia s), k hiu cc b khai bo trong bng khai bo



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bin ca khi v ch c ngha trong phm vi khi , k hiu ton cc khai bo

trong bng k hiu Symbols, c ngha trong ton b cc khi ca Project. Vic khai

bo k hiu ton cc thc hin trc hay sau khi vit m. Khi logic ti a 999

network, mi network c ti a 2000 hng , mi hng gm nhn, lnh, a ch v ch

thch.

Th tc lp k hiu ton cc nh sau: bm chut vo i tng Symbols ( xemhnh)

Cc bin k hiu c a vo tng dng mt, di ti a 24 k t ch s, k t c

bit, tr du nhy, khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng. Bng k hiu cha ti a

16380 k hiu. Sauk hi bin tp xong, vo menu Symbolic Representation nhn

thy a ch k hiu trong chng trnh, k hiu tuyt i c ng khung bng dunhay, cn k hiu cc b c du # ng trc.

Sau khi bin son chng trnh ta c th chy m phng khng cn PLC nh phn

mm S7 PLC Sim theo cc bc sau:

- Vo menu Simatic Manager- Options- chn Simulate Modules. Ca s sau xut hin



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- Vo menu PLC-Download np khi chng trnh xung m phng

- Vo ca s S7-PLCSIM menu Insert chn cc vng nh quan st

-Vo menu PLC chn Power On, vo menu Execute chn Scan Mode-Continuous

Scan.

- Chn RUN hay RUN-P

- Tc ng vo cc bit I0.0, I0.1 xem hot ng ca chng trnh.

-Tr li Simatic Manager, chn View-Online, m khi logic mun quan st (OB1)

bm Debug-Monitor



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Trong trng hp mun tp trung cc bin vo mt ch d quan st, ta dng bng

khai bo bin VAT (Variable Table). Trong ca s Manager vo menu Insert-S7

Block-Variable Table ( hay bm chut phi-Insert New Object Variable table) ta

c khi VAT1, m khi ny ra v them vo cc a ch vng nh mun quan st

Phn 3

S dng phn mm lp trnh iu khin thang my

I. M t qu trnh cng ngh

- qu trnh iu khin thang my chn tng v i ln

- khi ng ATOMAT ( I0.0 , hoc I0.4 ) th Q2.2 c in n bo trong

thang my sng , ng thi Q2.0 , Q1.1 c in mi tn bo thang my

i ln sng v n bo s 1 sng bo thang my ang tng 1( gi s

lc u thang my tng 1).

- Khi n mi tn ln trn tng 1lc ny cm bin I1.1 c tn hiu v Q0.0

c in cp in cho ng c m ca tng 1 ,

- Khi s lng khch vo va nm trong gii hn cho php ca thang

my th ta c th n I1.0 ng ca ,khi ca ng ta n cc nt n



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chn tng I1.0 ,I2.0, I3.0, I4.0, I5.0 l ny Q1.0 c in thang my s t

ng i ln tng chn chng hn tng 5.

- Khi thang my ang i n tng 2 cm bin I1.3 tc ng bo thang

my n tng 2 th Q1.1 mt in ng thi Q1.2 c in n bo s

2 sng thang my ang tng 2.

- Khi thang my ang tng 2 m tng 3 c tc ng vo mi tn i ln

v 4 tng 4 c tc ng vo mi tn i xung .

- Khi thang my i ln n tng 3 cm bin I1.5 c tn hiu th n bo

tng 3 sng .khi cm bin I1.6 c tn hiu thang my s dng v m

ca cho khch vo khi khch vo xong nu vn trong gii hn ti

trng cho php ta tc ng vo I0.1 ng ca thang my lc ny thang

my tip tc hnh trinh i ln .

- Khi thang my gp cm bin I1.7 n bo tng 4 sng v gp cm bin

I2.1 thang my vn tip tc i ln m khng dng m ca ti tng 4

mc d c tn hiu i xung.

- Khi thang my i ln n tng ln 5 gp cm bin I2.2 n bo tng 5sng khi gp cm bin I2.3 thang my s dng v m ca Q2.0 mt

in ng thi Q2.1 c in mi tn bo thang my i xung sng .

- Khi thang my dng ti tng 5 m khng c khch vo sau 5s thang

my s t ng ng ca v sau 5s na thang my s t ng i xung

tng 4 .khi gp cm bin I1.7 s dng v m ca .khi ca c

ng thang my s i xung tng c chn .chng khi thang my xung n tng 3 tng 2 c tn hiu xung thang my khi i n tng

2 s dng v m ca sau tip tc hnh trnh i xung

- Khi i n tng 1 gp cm bin I1.1 s dng v m ca cho khch ra

vo .ng thi ngt Q2.1 v cp in cho Q2.0 n bo mi tn ln trn



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sng kt thc 1 hnh vng hnh trnh v tip tc thc hin hnh trnh

tip theo.

- Khi thang my ang ng ca m ta n nt I0.2 m ca bng tay th

thang my s dng ng ca ng thi m ca ra ngay.

- Khi thang my gp s c ta n nt I0.3 bo hiu c ngi trong

thang my

II. Cc tn hiu vo ra

I0.0 ATOMAT 1I0.1 ng ca bng tayI0.2 M ca bng tayI0.3 Nt n bo ngI0.4 ATOMAT 2I1.0 Nt n s 1I2.0 Nt n s 2I3.0 Nt n s 3

I4.0 Nt n s 4I5.0 Nt n s 5I1.1 Cm bin 1I1.2 CB2I1.3 CB3I1.4 CB4I1.5 CB5I1.6 CB6

I1.7 CB7I2.1 CB8I2.2 CB9I2.3 CB10I2.4 CB11 dng m ca t1I2.5 CB12 dng ng ca t1



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I2.6 CB13 t ng ng ca t1I2.7 CB14 cm bin qu ti trngI3.1 Mi tn ln t1

I3.2 Mi tn ln t2I3.3 Mi tn ln t3I3.4 Mi tn ln t4I3.5 Mi tn xung t5I3.6 Mi tn xung t4I3.7 Mi tn xung t3I0.5 Mi tn xung t2I5.5 CB15 Dng m t2

I4.1 CB16 Dng ng t2I4.2 CB17 t ng ng ca t2I4.3 CB18 Dng m t3I4.4 CB19 Dng ng t3I4.5 CB20 t ng ng ca t3I4.6 CB21 Dng m t4I4.7 CB22 Dng ng t4I5.1 CB23 t ng ng ca t4

I5.2 CB24 Dng m t5I5.3 CB25 Dng ng t5I5.4 CB26 t ng ng ca t5Q0.0 M ca T1Q0.1 ng ca T1Q0.2 M ca T2Q0.3 ng ca T2Q0.4 M ca T3

Q0.5 ng ca T3Q0.6 M ca T4Q0.7 ng ca T4Q2.6 M ca T5Q2.7 ng ca T5Q1.0 Thang my i ln



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Q1.6 Thang my i xungQ1.1 n bo s 1Q1.2 n bo s 2

Q1.3 n bo s 3Q1.4 n bo s 4Q1.5 n bo s 5Q1.7 n bo ngQ2.0 Mi tn hng lnQ2.1 Mi tn hng xungQ2.2 n thang myQ2.3 n bo qu ti

Q2.4 ng ca trong thang myQ2.5 M ca trong thang my

III. Tnh ton thit k mch

1. la chn loi cm bin

a. Cc loi cm bin c tip im v nhc im ca chng

Trong thang my tc trung bnh v thp, ngi ta thng s dng cc cng

tc hnh trnh. y l mt thit b c-in c tay gt vi 3 tip im, tng ng vi 3trng thi u ra. Cng tc hnh trnh c u im l cc trng thi u ra rt r rng.

Tuy nhin nhc im ln nht ca n l tui th gim khi hot ng tc cao v

gy ting n ln.

Do nhng nhc im trn nn trong thang my tc cao ngi ta khng s

dng cng tc hnh trnh m thay vo l cc loi cm bin khng tip im c

trnh by trong phn di y.

b. Cc loi cm bin khng tip im :

Cc b cm bin khng tip im c rt nhiu loi, c ng dng trong rt

nhiu h thng iu khin, o lng, iu khin v bo v. Trong phn ny s m t

mt s phn t cm bin khng tip im c s dng trong thc t.



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* Cng tc v tr kiu cm ng :

Cu to v c tuyn ca cng tc chuyn i tng dng cm bin v tr kiu cm

ng c dng nh hnh 1-1. Cu to ca n bao gm : mch t h 2, cun dy 3. Khi

mch t h, do in khng ca cun dy b, dng xoay chiu qua cun dy tng i

ln. Khi thanh st ng 1 lm kn mch t, t thng sinh ra trong mch t tng lm

tng in cm L ca cun dy v dng i qua cun dy s gim xung.

Hnh 2.2 Cm bin v tr kiu cm ng

Hnh 2.3 Transistor quang

Nu u ni tip vi cun dy ca b cm bin mt rle ta s c mt phn t

phi tip im dng trong h thng iu khin. Tu theo mc ch s dng c th dng

n lm cng tc chuyn i tng, cm bin dng chnh xc bung thang hoc cm

bin ch th v tr bung thang ...

* Transistor quang :



77/119

Dng in

in p

Phn t HALL

ura100 K1

470

HC205

3

2

1

4 5

6

HN9HL


y l loi Transistor loi PNP hoc NPN. Di tc dng ca nh sng n pht

sinh mt dng in tng ng vi lng nh sng.

* Phn t HALL :

Phn t HALL l mt cht bn dn. Nu dng in B+ c cung cp mt cch

khng i n phn t HALL v t trng c a vo thng gc vi chiu ca

dng in ny th in p s c pht sinh thng gc vi chiu dng in.

* B cm bin hng ngoi :

Cc b cm bin hng ngoi li dng s to nhit ca c th ngi pht ra mt

nng lng hng ngoi yu. Cc b cm bin kiu ny c nhy rt cao, thun tin,

c s dng trong nhiu lnh vc.B cm bin hng ngoi HN911L l mt linh kinc cht lng tt c mch in ng dng nh h1-5.

Hnh 2-4 Phn t HALL

Hnh 2-5: B cm bin hng ngoi HN911L



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2. H thng t ng khng ch thang my tc trung bnh

( S dng ng c khng ng b 2 cp tc )

y l h thng iu khin thang my s dng cho cc thang my tc trung

bnh c yu cu n gin. H truyn ng dng cho thang my ny l h truyn ng

xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b hai cp tc . H ny m bo dng chnh

xc thc hin bng cch chuyn tc ng c xung thp trc khi bung thang xp

n sn tng.

H ny thng dng cho cc thang my ch khch trong cc nh cao tng (7

-10) tng, tc bung thang di 10m/s.* Nguyn l hot ng nh sau:

Cp ngun cung cp cho h thng cu dao CD bng automat AP. Cun dy

stato ca ng c c ni vo ngun cp qua tip im ca cng tc t nng N hoc

cng tc to h H v cc cc tip im ca cng tc t tc cao C, cng tc t tc

thp T.

Ngun cp cho mch iu khin ly t hai pha qua hai cu ch 1CC. Cc catng c trang b kho lin ng vi cc hm cui 1PK 5PK. Vic ng m ca

tng s tc ng ln kho v then cc ca tng lm cho nam chm NC1 tc ng. Khi

ct ngun nam chn 1 lc bung thang n sn tng lm quay then ci, then ci lm

tc ng ln 1 trong cc hm cui PK v m kho ca tng.

dng bung thang ti mi sn tng, trong s dng hm cui HC t trong

bung thang . Tc ng ln tip im HC hoc nam chm dng theo tng NC2 hoc

cn ng m ca tng.

Cng tc chuyn i tng 1GT 5GT c 3 v tr l cm bin dng bung thang

v xc nh v tr thc ca bung thang so vi cc tng.



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iu khin hot ng thang my c thc hin t hai v tr ti ca tng bng

hai nt bm gi tng 1GT 5GT v trong bung thang bng cc nt bm n tng

1T 5T.

Khi ng cho thang my lm vic ch khi 1D kn 1CT 5CT cc ca tng ng,

2D, CT kn FBH(Lin ng phanh bo him) kn ca bung thang ng CBT kn v

3D kn.

Hm cui 1HC v 2HC lin ng vi sn bung thang. Nu trong bung thang

c ngi tip im ca chng m ra. 1HC u song song vi CBT cho nn 1HC hnhng mch vn ni lin qua CBT cn 2HC m ra loi tr kh nng iu khin thang

my bng nt bm gi tng GT.

Trong s c 5 n bo 1 5 lp trn mi ca tng v mt n chiu

sng bung thang D6. Khi c ngi trong bung thang tip imt 2Hc m ra cun dy

R le trung gian mt in, tip im thng kn Rtr ng li lm cho 1 6 sng

ln bo cho bit thang ang cn bn v chiu sng cho bung thang.Xt nguyn l lm vic khi cn ln tng 4 m ang tng 1: Hnh khch i vo

bung thang ng ca tng v ng ca bung thang. Do trng lng ca hnh khch

hai tip im thng ng 1HC v 2HC m ra n nt bm n tng 4T. Rle tng

RT4 c in, cc tip im ca RT4 ng li cp ngun cho cun dy ca cng tc t

cao C, cc tip im ca cng tc t cao ng li cp ngun cho cu chnh lu

CL l ngun 1 chiu cp cho 2 nam chm NC1 v NC2- Nam chm NC1 s ng tip

im 1PK cun dy cng tc t N c in, cun dy Stator ca ng c c cp

ngun qua cc tip im C v N ,bung thang i ln, nam chm NC2 s ko con i

lm cho HC m ra.



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Khi nh nt bm 4T cun dy ca cng tc t N c duy tr ngun qua 2 tip

im T (thng kn) v N ( ng li ). ng thi cun dy ca Rle 4RT vn c

tip tc duy tr ngun cp qua cng tc chuyn i tng 4CT v cc tip im 1PK-

5PK khi bung thang n gn tng 4, bung thang tc ng vo cng tc chuyn i

tng 4CT lm cho Rle tng RT4 v cng tc t tc cao mt in, cun dy cng

tc t tc thp T c in qua tip im thng h N( ng kn) v tip im

thng kn C cun dy Stator ca ng c c u vo ngun cp qua cc tip im

N v T. Bung thang tip tc i ln vi tc thp hn ng thi ct ngun cp chocu chnh lu CL, hai nam chm CN1 v CN2 mt in. NC2 mt in lm cho hm

cui HC kn li, vn duy tr ngun cp cho cun dy cng tc t N. Khi bung thang

n ngay vi sn tng 4, cn ng m t ca tng s tc ng lm HC m ra .

Cun dy cng tc t N mt in . ng c truyn ng in dng li v phanh hm

in t NCH s hm dng bung thang.

H thng khng ch thang my hon ton tng t nh trn, khi iu khinbng cc nt bm gi tng 1GT5GT. iu khin thang my bng cc nt bm gi

tng ch thc hin khi 2HC kn.

Trong hnh trnh xung ( gi s mun xung tng 4) khi bung thang tc ng

vo Sensor 2 s gi tn hiu n mch iu khin chun tc ng c v tc

thp. Khi gp Sensor 1 lc ny ng c c ct ra khi li v phanh t tc ng.



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Hnh 2.6 H thng khng ch thang my tc trung bnh s

dng

ng c KB 2 cp tc



82/119


2. H thng t ng khng ch thang my tc trung bnh

(s dng ng c khng ng b 1 cp tc )

H truyn ng in dng cho thang my c tc chm v trung bnh thng

l h truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b. H ny thng dng cho

cc thang my tr khch trong cc nh cao tng (5 10 tng) vi tc di chuyn

bung thang di 1 m/s.

Trong :

C1 C5 l l cc cng tc ca ca cc tng.

Ck l cng tc ca Cabin.

DB v DK l cc cng tc d phng trong Cabin.

DP1 v DP2 l cc cng tc d phng thang tri c t trong h thang.

D1 D5 l cc cng tc im cui ca cc tng.

RCT1 RCT5 l cc rle chuyn tng.

R1 R5 l cc rle chuyn tng.

CTT cng tc t chuyn tng.

N1 N5 l cc nt n gi thang cc tng.

NK1 NK5 l cc nt n n tng trong Cabin.

T1 T5 l cc tip im thng kn ca cc rle chuyn tng.

CTK l cng tc n trong Cabin.

RN v RH l cun dy ca cc rle nng v rle h.

KN v KH l cun dy ca cng tc t nng v cng tc t h.H thng c cp ngun qua aptomt AP. Cc cun dy Stato ca ng c c

ni vo ngun cung cp nh cc tip im ca cc cngtct nng KL hoc cngtct

h KX.



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C4C5

D4

D5 RCT5

RCT4

N4

NK5R5

R6 NK6

N5

R2T2

R3T3

R4T4

R5T5

R6T6

R7T7

R6

R4

R5

R5

RCT5

RCT2

RCT6RCT2

R6

TDT6

TDT7 L76

L66

5,5KW

0-220V

RT

720V/P

LBH6

M2M1

A

AP

KA KB

KH KN

KA -220V

DP1

+

_ 2

1DC 15V

1

DP1DP2DKDB

C7 C6 C3 C2 C1 CK

RCT6

RCT7D7

CTTD6

RCT1

RCT2

RCT3D3

D2

D1

LBH6

LBH6CTT

N7

N6

NK7R7

R4 NK4

N3

R1T1N1

NK2

N2NK3R3

R2

NK1R1

LBN6

LKCTK

RN

RH LBH6

L16

L26

L36

L46

L56TDT5

TDT4

TDT3

TDT2

TDT1RCT1KN

KH

RH

RN

KN KH RCT7RCT6

RCT2RCT4

RCT2

RCT3

RCT2

R7

R3

R3

R2

R2

R1

1

B C 0

KB

A

R4


Ngun cung cp cho mch iu khin c ly t mt pha qua bin p cch ly v

chnh lu c in p mt chiu +15V. Khi AP ng, nu c 3 pha u c in

p th cc cun dy ca cc cngtct KA v KB c in, cc tip im thng m

ca n ng li v cp ngun cho bin p BA. Khi mi c in p mt chiu a

n ton b mch iu khin.

Cc ca tng c trang b cc cng tc lin ng C1 C5 v cng tc ca

Cabin Ck.

Hnh 2.7 H thng t ng khng ch thang my tc trung bnh



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Khi bung thang ang tng 1. Khi , cng tc im cui D1 v cng tc t

CTT ng, rle chuyn tng RCT1 c in lm cho tip im thng kn RCT1 m

ra. iu ny m bo rng : nu c tnh n cc cng tc gi thang N1 hoc cng tc

gi tng 1 NK1 th cng tc t h KH v rle h RH u khng c cp in v s

khng c mt thao tc no c thc hin.

Tng t, khi bung thang ang tng 5 th D5 v CTT ng, RCT5 c in,

tip im thng kn RCT5 m ra lm mt tc dng ca cc nt n gi thang N5 v

gi tng 5 NK5.Gi s bung thang ang tng 2, D2 ng, RCT2 c in. Cc tip im

thng kn ca n m ra lm cho cc cun dy ca cng tc t KN, KH v rle RN,

RH u h mch.

Xt nguyn l lm vic ca s khi cn ln tng 4 :

Hnh khch i vo bung thang, ng ca tng v ca Cabin v n nt gi tng

NK4, rle tng R4 c in, cc tip im thng m ca n ng li. Cc cun dyca cng tc t nng KN v rle nng RN c cp in qua KH, RCT5, RCT4 v

R4. Cc tip im thng m ca chng ng li, ng c c cp in v thang

chuyn ng i ln. Khi nh NK4 th cc cun dy ny vn c duy tr ngun cung

cp nh cc tip im RN v R4 vn ng.

Khi bung thang n gn ngang sn tng 4, cng tc im cui D4 ng li, cun

dy RCT4 c in, tip im thng kn RCT4 m ra lm cho cc cun dy KN v

RN mt in, ng c chnh v ng c phanh mt in. C cu hm in t s tc

ng lm dng bung thang.



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m bo dng ng c mt cch chc chn, khi m v mt l do no m

tip im thng kn RCT4 khng m ra, ngi ta b tr cc tip im thng kn

T1 T5 ni tip vi cc rle chuyn tng R1 R5. Lc ny, (do rle chuyn tng

RCT4 c in) T4 m ra, lm cho R4 mt in, cc tip im R4 m ra, s lm

h mch cun KN v RN.

Trong s c 5 n bo tng L1 L5v n bo thang my ang chuyn

ng . LK l n chiu sng Cabin.

H thng truyn ng thang my vi cc tip im c kh tuy n gin nhng c

cc nhc im sau :

tin cy thp.

C ting n do cc tip im c kh gy ra.

Tc ng chm, chnh xc thp nn khng c s dng trong cc thang my

tc cao (cc thang my ch hng).

3. Thit kh mch cho cc Sensor:

Nh cp dng chnh xc bung thang th phi c tnhiu bo gim tc trc khi phanh hm n sn tng. Ti vng dng ta

thit k nm sensor c b tr nh hnh v:

Tt c 5 sensor ny c u song song v a vo 5 u vo

ca PLC x l .



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IV. Lu giI thut


end

Dng v m ca tng chn

Khng c lnh ktrn

ng ca v dng tng hin ti

Thc hin lnh k tip

Dng v m ca

M ca-ng ca thang my

Thang my i ln tng chn

TMK

Thc hin lnh

M tn ln tng 1

CCB1

Lu tn hiu ch trong thang my

starttTng 1.

Khng c

Khng c

c


87/119


88/119



c

Khng cKhng c

Khng c

ng ca v tip tchnh trnh

TMK

Thang my i xungtheo hnh trnh

Dng m ca

M ca v ng cathang my

Lu tn hiuthang my i

xung

C tnhiu CBtng 4

M ca v ng catha mn

Start

Mi tn xung tng 4

C tnhiu CBtng 4

Mi tn ln tng 4

Thang my i lntheo hnh trnh

TM

K

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