7/27/2019 Baghdad- Jewish Encyclopedia Vol 2 Ed Isaac Landman (1939-43)

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7/27/2019 Baghdad- Jewish Encyclopedia Vol 2 Ed Isaac Landman (1939-43)

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L J WI H NCYC OP DIA

lof theformerTurk ishprov-

ce1932capitalof theA rab

tedin outhernMesopo-

Tigrisriver,andis called,

abelor hinarbytheO riental

namemeans givenby

Iranian)language.The

sewhere)mentionsacity

, identifiedbysomewithB agh-

writersdatethelatter s

2C. .TheJewssettledin

lthoughboth theyandthe

tomanyrestrictionsimposed

wever,werenotalways

ty.B ytheendof thegth

dadevenheldgovernmental

etimeB aghdadbecamethe

p.Itwastheresidenceof

oselyconnectedwiththeacad-

editha.ManyJewishscholars

ghdadinthisperiodandlater

abagdadiorH ababli.

aghdad;the araites,

nanbenDavid,cametoB agh-

doctrinesin public,asdid

adafootholdthere.In930

aghdadtoescapetheenmityof

stherethat hecomposedhis

alwork, munothV edeoth.

edwiththee ilarchDavid

edhishighofficeatthe acad-

marianDunashibn abrat

0. TheGeonimHai, imoi,

wereofficialjudgesthere

editha.Itis saidthatA bra-

ghdadabout1140. Twenty

ssuedhisstirring appealtothe

theirallegiancetothe Mos-

toJerusalem.Duringthe

ghdadweregrantedacertain

ent.CaliphAl-Muktafiap-

monH asdai, ase ilarch. H e

Daniel,atwhosedeath the

c ametoanend. TheJew ishc om-

eneralruinof thecity;in

apturedbytheMongolsunder

n redwithJewishbloodasthe

warfare.In1401manyJews

asbesiegedand destroyed

7thcent.Jewishscholarship

halowebbthateven minor

tledbytherabbis ofA leppo

eriodfortheJewswasf rom

ghdadwasthesc eneofbattles

theTurks,in whichthe

orious.Thereaftertheir

e.

enjaminofTudela(about

nsburg(i2thcent.),andIsrael

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L J WI H NCYC OP DIA

O F , p e di a tr i ci a n an d p ub l ic

Prussia, 1 43;d. B erlin, 191 .

ersofmoderntherapeuticsfor

tedinnumeroustreatises,

being diphtheriaand

fancy.Theintroductionof

ablishmentofinfantasylums

ellas manyotheradvances

hildrenaredue tohisefforts.

ntedinstruc torintheUniversity

gassistantprofessor. incehe

,hewasdeniedahigher

any.In1 90hewasmade

ded mperorand mpress

reputationbeingsowell estab-

onedby ultanA bdulHamid

ant hygieneinConstanti-

derofA rc hiv fur inderheil-

0)andauthorofDiehygien-

saischenGesetzgebung(and

.

G OH I ( o l d P er s ia n B a g a ,

al, governorof Judeaduringthe

04B . C . . )andA rta er esII

goasismentionedtogetherw idi

salem,ina letteraddressed

ndheadofthe Jewishmil-

phantine, gypt), appealingfor

templewhichwasdestroyed

untofkeendif ferenc ese isting

agoas,thelatterpromisedthe

hua,brotherofJohanan,

hisbrother.B agoasthen

actedaheavyfine,declaring

fratricidalpriest.

aswascommonalsoamong

. 7:7, wherethewordB igvai

as B agohi).InlaterH ellen-

onymforeunuch,and in

th(12:11).

C RA D O U NI .

A N D , m o st n o rt h er l y gr o up o f

Theremusthavebeena Jew-

ds,forthere isasmall

tofJewsin thecityof

theseatofthegovernment.

ieswereresidentsofNassau.

o a o a l va d or d a B a h i a de

zilianseaportandcapitalofthe

the firstcommunityofpro-

ernH emisphere.

tohavelivedatB ahiaas

torganizedsettlementwas

ede ousa,firstgovernor-

colonyofB razil,wasordered

ahiaandbuildastrong city

wChristians (secretJewswho

cism)werefleeingfromper-

ntryinlarge numbersat

din B ahia,becomingpar-

prosperoussugartrade.There

ysiciansin1610;about1620

ahiawasabout1,000and

swealthiestcitizens.ThePor-

meofficialinB razilin1621,but

n theprecedingdecade,often

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