Baeza 2 Jan Douwe Van Der Ploeg

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Empire & the Peasantry(Part 2)

Jan Douwe van der PloegRural Sociology

Baeza, Curso de Agro-ecologa

Enero de 2009


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Empire: some features

Monopolistic networks that increasingly link production,processing, distribution and consumption of food

Conquest and expansion

Centralization of planning and control

Appropriation of value added

Powerful but fragile

Institutionalized slow-down

Intelligent geography

Denaturalization Massive exclusion


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Squeeze on Agriculture


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Sconnessione dalla natura


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Sconnessione dalla natura

Regolazione


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Sottomissione agli ImperiAlimentari


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Value added per economic sector (1980 = 100)valore aggiunto per branca 1980 = 100

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

alim

tess

legnochimiche

minerali

metalli

meccan

autom

148%

112%

109%

106%

92%

91%

84%

79%


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ARTICOLAZIONE TRIPLICE

Agricultural

production

Society

ature Farming

population


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CRISI AGRARIA

Agricultural

production

Society

ature Farming

population


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Local village

n

clientsclientsclients

hospitalhouse for

elderly

grocery

consumers consumers

butchery bakery

farms

farms

processing-

unit

trader

farmsfarms

elsewhere


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Local village

clients

n

clientsclients

hospitalhouse for

elderly

grocery

consumers consumers

butchery bakery

farms

farms

processing

unit

trader

farmsfarms

elsewhere


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The emergence of Empire


hospitalhouse for

elderly

grocery

consumers consumers

butchery bakery

farms

farms

processing

unit

trader

farms

farms

elsewhere

Merger; accumulated demand


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hospitalhouse for

elderly

grocery

consumers consumers

butchery bakery

farms

farms

processing

unit

trader

farms

farms

elsewhere


Catering company

EU tendering rules


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hospitalhouse for

elderly

grocery

consumers consumers

butchery bakery

farms

farms

processing

unit

trader

farms

farms

elsewhere


Catering company

EU tendering rules

New providers

exclusion


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Contemporary food-related problems and

challenges

Malnutrition (1):

Up to 80% of elderlypeople in US nursinghomes suffering frommalnutrition

15-20% of patients in UKenter hospitalmalnourished, 25-30%leave hospital

malnourished


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Contemporary food-related problems and

challenges


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Actor Network:

the peasant

community ofCatacaos


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Actor Network:

the peasant

community ofCatacaos

NEEDS

RESOURCES


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Locally available resources - dispersed

Paita harbour

seeds

Refrigerated

containers

Market

information

Working

force

Regional

state

Drip

irrigation

Market

channels

airfield

capital

Desert

land

Pumping

stations

water

electricity


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Assembling locally available Resources

Paita harbour

seeds

Refrigerated

containers

Market

information

Working

force

Regional

state

Drip

irrigation

Market

channels

airfield

capital

Desert

land

Pumping

stations

water

electricity

Empire


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Area precedentemente desertica Terre comunali

precedentemente verdiNuove frontiere:

il ritorno dei reticolati


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Lesproprio dellacqua per usi privati


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cipolleUva da tavola PeperoniAsparagi


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Asparagi freschi: Mercato Olandese, 1/

500gr


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The Peasant Condition

Strugglefor

autonomy

Hostile environment


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Strugglefor

autonomy

Hostile environment

Selfcontrolled

resource base


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Quality of land and fertilization


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Explanation of different ways of fertilization


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Fruit trees


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Fruit production


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Cattle


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Goats and using the hills


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A very importantresource: farmers

knowledge


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Another resource:

young children


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Social resources: bathing house


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Social

networks (1)


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Social network (2)


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Strugglefor

autonomy

Hostile environment

Selfcontrolled

resource base

Co-production


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Strugglefor

autonomy

Hostile environment

Selfcontrolled

resource base

Co-production

markets


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Strugglefor

autonomy

Hostile environment

Selfcontrolled

resource base

Co-production

marketssurvival

feed

back


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Strugglefor

autonomy

Hostile environment

Selfcontrolled

resource base

Co-production

marketssurvival

feed

back

other

activities


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Strugglefor

autonomy

Hostile environment

Selfcontrolled

resource base

Co-production

marketssurvival

feed

back

other

activities

Co-operation


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The Basic Structure of Farming

conversion

markets

outputresources

non commodity circuits


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Repeasantization

Conversion

1


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Repeasantization

Conversion

1

2


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Repeasantization

Conversion

1

2

3 regrounding agriculture upon nature


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Repeasantization

Conversion

1

2

3 regrounding agriculture upon nature4 pluri-activity

R i i


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Repeasantization

Conversion

1

2

3regrounding agriculture upon nature

4 pluri-activity5 new forms of local co-operation

R i i


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Repeasantization

Improving

Conversion

I/O

1

2

3regrounding agriculture upon nature

4 pluri-activity5 new forms of local co-operation

6


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Contadini giovani

della Frisia

multifunzionalit


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Famiglia Hoekstra

Longa, Frisia

multifunzionalit


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Famiglia Vellinga

Nijland, Frisia

multifunzionalit

Ricerca Impact


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p

N = 3264

Irlanda

Inghilterra

OlandaGermania

Italia

Spagna

9


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Nuove attivit tipo SR

51 %

NVA 5.9 109

NVA 5 9 109


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51 %

NVA 5.9 109

Riduzione dei costi

60 %

NVA 5.7 109

NVA 5 9 109


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51 %

NVA 5.9 109

Riduzione dei costi

60 %

Pluriattivit

27 %

NVA 5.7 109 Reddito 20.1 109

NVA 5 9 109Nessuna = 17%


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51 %

NVA 5.9 109

Riduzione dei costi

60 %

Pluriattivit

27 %

NVA 5.7 109 Reddito 20.1 109

NVA 5 9 109Nessuna = 17%


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51 %

NVA 5.9 109

Riduzione dei costi

60 %

Pluriattivit

27 %

NVA 5.7 109 Reddito 20.1 109

Totale = 31.7 109

(tot. red. agr. = 41 .1 109

)


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Autoregolazione

Nuovi soluzioni istituzionali

Dalle modalit verso scopi


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Rivalorizzare il

ruolo degli

agricoltori


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Riconoscere e

rinforzare la

polivalenza

Interrelated forms of resistance


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Interrelated forms of resistance

Intervening in theorganization of labourand production:introducing alterations

Covert

sabotage

Overt

struggles


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Second

example


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Resistance is no longer a form of reactionbut a form of production and action [.].

Resistance is no longer one of factory workers;it is a completely new resistance based oninnovativeness [] and on autonomous co-

operation between producing [and consuming]subjects.It is the capacity to develop new, constitutive

potentialities that go beyond reigning forms ofdomination (Negri, 2006: 54).

How to build theoretically on resistance,


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y

synergy and superiority?

Slot in heterogeneity

Slot in mouldability of both nature and society

Explore tendencies and countertendencies Link to promising pockets

Towards: multilevel

multiactor &

multidimensional models

Natura Beef (Switzerland)


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( )

P. Damary (SRVA) and Marguerite Paus (ETH)

producers

Swiss Association ofsuckling cow breeders

ASVNM

Federal officeof agriculture

Institute forAgriculturaleconomics

direct supportfor non milkdelivery

-communication, exchanges,

-professional defence,-technicalreferences.

local consumers

Berne, Vaud, Help fororganisation

Subsidies

Agriculturalinstitutional

network

Foundation of association (1977 1980) Milestones-Foundation ASVNMinitiated by producers

-Goal: improvefarmers income

- Approach: improveproduction methods,promote methods,coordinate supply,find outlet for newproduct

- Shared values:environmentallyfriendly and health

- From 42 farmers in1977 to 118 in 1980



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regional branchesof Coop,

independent

butchers

Federal office ofagriculture

producers

subsidies

Consumers in

Basel and Region

Nationalproduction?

Bell

Regional

branches of

Coop

-communication,-professional defence,

Swiss Association ofsuckling cow breeders

2 regional cattle

tradersInvolved in strategy

9 regionalassociations

-marketing,-herd-book,

-technical references,

-controls.

Marketing and upscaling (1980 1990) Milestones-Problematisation: norecognition of thespecial qualities of theproduct on the market,no price difference with

conventional beef

- Shared solution: salesof beef with name andlogo (NaturaBeef) andnaturalness as image

-Informal alliance withBell (chain of butchers)

-Outlet through Coop

- From 118 farmers in1980 to 750 in 1990



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traditional

butchers

Federal office ofagriculture

2 regional cattle traders

producers

subsidies

Swiss home-consumers

Coop

Swiss Associationof suckling cowbreeders

Involved in strategy

Communication

Traitafina

collective

housing,

restaurants

-communication,-professional defence,

-marketing,

-herd-book,

-technical references,

-controls.

Swiss restaurant-consumers

+NaturaBeef

channel

SwissPrimBeefchannel

Reinforcing negotiation position (1990 2003) Milestones-Coop wants exclusivityof label (in retail sector)

- As response ASVNMdecided to reinforce its

negotiation position byissuing annual saleslicenses (chain control)

-Coop develops its ownenvironmental labelCoopNaturaPlan with

NaturaBeef aseyecatcher

-ASVNM developsquality labelSwissPrimBeef

-From 750 farmers in

1990 to 3750 in 2003



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Food as an integrated and territorial policy domain


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Food

Market

Government Civil society

Supply and demand

Citizen as consumerCities and peri-urbanregions as food policy

actors

Public sector asmarket party

Health

Environment

Quality of life

Social inclusion

URBAN FOODSTRATEGIES

PUBL

ICFOOD

PROCUREM

ENT

ALTERNA

TIVEFOODNETW

ORKS:

(RE)C

ONN

ECTINGCONSUM

ERSAND

PROD

UCERS/C

ITYANDCO

UNTRYSIDE

Employment

Regional economy

Education

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Baeza 2 Jan Douwe Van Der Ploeg