BACTFINDER APPLICATION

USING MOBILE APPLICATION

MOHAMMAD KHAIRUL ASYRAF BIN RIDZUAN

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING)

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING

UNIVERSITY SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018

BACTFINDER APPLICATION USING MOBILE APPLICATION

MOHAMMAD KHAIRUL ASYRAF BIN RIDZUAN

Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing)

Faculty of Informatics and Computing

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia

AUGUST 2018

i

APPROVAL

This project report entitled BactFinder Application Using Mobile Application prepared

and submitted by Mohammad Khairul Asyraf Bin Ridzuan, matric number

BTCL15040318 and in my point of view, this project fulfils a condition to be awarded a

Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) with Honor in Universiti Sultan

Zainal Abidin (UniSZA).

Signature:

______________________

Supervisor: Encik Mohd Kamir Bin Yusof

Date:

ii

DECLARATION

I at this moment declare that this report is based on my original work except for

quotations and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has

not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan

Zainal Abidin or other institutions.

Signature:

______________________

Name: Mohammad Khairul Asyraf Bin Ridzuan

Date:

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, all praise is only for

Him the documentation and the system for the subject, CSB35102, Projek Ilmiah

2017/2018 is finished due the time. Never forget to my kind supervisor, Encik Mohd

Kamir Bin Yusof for the valuable idea, time, support, advice, guidance, and ideas given

through the development of research until complete the part of the project in phase one.

Also, I want to dedicate my appreciation to my beloved family that supports and

motivates me during process finishing project. Next, thanks a lot to friends that willing

to lend their hand for finishing the project. Lastly, thank you to everyone who directly

or indirectly involved in the process of making the system and documentation.

iv

ABSTRACT

As widely known, bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic

microorganism. There are many methods for identifying bacteria. Traditionally an

observational and biochemical approach has been used. Simply looking at (and even

smelling) a bacterial colony growing on an agar plate can give an experienced

researcher clues to a bacterium's identity. This is because different bacteria have their

unique enzymes which are capable of different biochemical reactions.

Identification of bacteria is a systematic process that uses different techniques to

narrow down the types of bacteria that are present in bacterial culture. BactFinder is

developed which is consist of 19 types of biochemical tests including bacteria

morphology for the identification of bacteria. Databases are created based on Bergey’s

Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and related scientific journals.

BactFinder provide automaticsearching process of bacteria based on bacteria

morpholog characteristics. Another function in BactFinder is to test the functionality of

application among the user. Technologies being used in this project are Android Studio

version 2.3.1 , Cloud MyFIK which acts as server and languange that been used which

is HTML,PHP and Java. By the end of this study, it is expected that the developed

application can assist the student to get the correct result and also check the probabilty

or most data accuracy from the result and also can give a lot of benefits to the student

in order to save their time without wasting it by search on the book.

v

ABSTRAK

Seperti diketahui secara meluas, bakteria merupakan domain mikroorganisme

prokariotik yang besar. Terdapat banyak kaedah untuk mengenal pasti bakteria.

Secara tradisional pendekatan pemerhatian dan biokimia telah digunakan. Hanya

melihat (dan juga berbau) koloni bakteria yang bertumbuh di pinggan agar dapat

memberikan petunjuk penyelidik yang berpengalaman untuk identiti bakteria. Ini

kerana bakteria berbeza mempunyai enzim unik mereka yang mampu menghasilkan

tindak balas biokimia yang berbeza. Oleh itu, cara pengenalan bakteria adalah

membosankan dan memakan masa. Pengenalpastian bakteria adalah proses sistematik

yang menggunakan teknik yang berbeza untuk mempersempit jenis bakteria yang ada

dalam budaya bakteria. Permohonan ini terdiri daripada 19 jenis ujian biokimia

termasuk morfologi bakteria untuk mengenal pasti bakteria. Pangkalan data dibuat

berasaskan “Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology” dan jurnal saintifik yang

berkaitan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk merekabentuk proses pencarian bakteria

manual ke sistem komputerisasi dan untuk membangunkan alat makmal yang inovatif

dan interaktif bagi pengenalan bakteria berdasarkan ujian biokimia dan pencirian

morfologi bakteria. Terakhir, objektif aplikasi ini juga adalah untuk menguji fungsi

aplikasi di kalangan pengguna. Teknologi yang digunakan dalam projek ini adalah

Android Studio versi 2.3.1, Cloud MyFIK yang berfungsi sebagai “server” dan bahasa

yang digunakan adalah HTML, PHP dan Java. Menjelang akhir kajian ini, diharapkan

aplikasi yang dibangunkan dapat membantu pelajar untuk mendapatkan hasil yang

betul dan juga memeriksa ketepatan atau ketepatan data yang paling tepat dari

hasilnya dan juga dapat memberi banyak manfaat kepada siswa untuk menyelamatkan

masa mereka tanpa membuangnya dengan mencari buku...

CONTENTS

vi

PAGE

APPROVAL i

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

CONTENTS vi-vii

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF APPENDICES

x

xi

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem statement 2

1.3 Objectives 3

1.4

1.5

Scopes

Expected Result

3

4

1.6 Project Structre / Organisation 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 Biochemical Reaction Test 6

2.3 Information System 7

2.4 Mobile Computing 8

2.4.1 Android Operating System 8

2.5 Existing Application And System 9

2.5.1 ABIS Online 9

2.5.2 IDENTAX Bacterial Identification 10

2.5.3 Ori-Finder 10

2.6 Similarities With Bactfinder Application 11-12

2.7 Chapter Summary 13

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 14

vii

3.2 Mobile Application Development Life Cycle 15

3.2.1 Identification Phase 16

3.2.2 Design Phase 16

3.2.3 Development Phase 17

3.2.4 Prototyping Phase 17

3.2.5 Testing Phase 18

3.2.6 Deployment Phase 18

3.2.7 Maintenance Phase 19

3.3 Hardware and Software Requirement 19

3.3.1 Hardware 20

3.3.2 Software 21

3.4 Process Model 22

3.4.1 Context Diagram 22

3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram 23-24

3.4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram 25

3.4.5 Data Dictionary 26

3.4.6 Database Design 27-28

3.5 Framework 29

3.6 Gantt Chart 30

3.7 Chapter Summary 31

CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction 32

4.2 Interfaces 33-43

4.3 Testing And Result 44

4.3.1 Introduction 44

4.3.2 Testing Analysis 44

4.3.3 Black Box Testing 45

4.3.4 White Box Testing 45

4.4 Test Result And Analysis 46-47

4.4.1 Test Cases 48-49

4.5 Results 50

4.6 Summary 51

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Conclusion 52

5.2 Project Contribution 53

5.3 System Constraints 54

5.4 Suggestion for Improvement 55

5.5 Summary 56

REFERENCES 57-58

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

3.1 Table of Data Dictionary 26

3.2 Table of User 27

3.3 Table of Admin 27

3.4 Table of Bacteria 28

3.5 Table of Gantt Chart 30

4.1 Test Case for Successful of open the Application. 48

4.2 Test Case for Unsuccessful of open the Application. 48

4.3 Test Case for Successful of Login for Student 49

4.4 Test Case for Successful of Login for Admin 49

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

3.1 Mobile Application Development Life Cycle 15

3.2 Context Diagram 22

3.3 Data Flow DIagram (Level 0) 23

3.4 Data Flow DIagram (Level 1) 24

3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 25

3.6 Framework 29

4.1 First and Second Interface of the BactFinder Application 33

4.2 Login and Register interface for student site 34

4.3 Chatting interface for student site 35

4.4 Searching interface for student site. 36

4.5 Result interface for student site. 37

4.6 Result interface for student site 38

4.7 Predict interface for student site. 39

4.8 Login interface for admin site. 40

4.9 Chat interface for admin site. 41

4.10 Save and Retrieve interface for admin site. 42

4.11 Single Selected and Update for admin site. 43

4.12 The Login process for admin 46

4.13 The Login process for student. 47

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS

CD Context Diagram

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

FYP Final year project

MADLC Mobile Application Development Life Cycle

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

BactFinder Application is an interactive mobile application designed to facilitate

bacteria identification based on biochemical tests and bacteria morphology. As widely

known, bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganism. There are many

methods for identifying bacteria. Traditionally an observational and biochemical

approach has been used. Simply looking at (and even smelling) a bacterial colony

growing on an agar plate can give an experienced researcher clues to a bacterium's

identity. This is because different bacteria have their unique enzymes which are capable

of different biochemical reactions. Thus , classical way of bacteria identification are

tedious and time consuming. Identification of bacteria is a systematic process that uses

different techniques to narrow down the types of bacteria that are present in bacterial

culture. This application consist of 19 types of biochemical tests including bacteria

morphology for the identification of bacteria. Databases are created based on Bergey’s

Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and related scientific journals.

2

1.2 Problem Statement

There is some problem statement can identify in the issue from student to find the

bacteria’s result. Firstly , students can lead to inaccurate information because of the

manual searching. This is because manual searching of bacterial identification rely on

phenotypic identification of the causative organism using gram staining, culture and

biochemical methods and so on. However, these methods of bacterial identification suffer

from two major drawbacks. First, they can be used only for organisms that can be

cultivated in vitro. Second, some strains exhibit unique biochemical characteristics that

do not fit into patterns that have been used as a characteristic of any known genus and

species.

Secondly , student need to use a lot of time in order to search the bacteria. This is

because identifying bacteria is a complex process. This is partially because there are so

many types of bacteria. Some research found that the estimates of the number of

bacteria’s species range from around 10,000 to over a billion. There are too many

microorganisms to remember therefore student need to be separated into groups with

similar features which will make long time to be consume in order to separate the

bacteria’s species.

3

1.3 Objectives

1. To design a manual searching process of bacteria to a computerized system.

2. To develop an innovative and interactive laboratory tools for bacterial identification

based on biochemical tests and bacteria morpholog characterization.

3. To test the functionality of BactFinder Application among student

1.4 Scope

The scope of this study is divided into 2 :

1. User - Student

The application requires user to register their information details in order to use the

application.

The user can search the bacteria by putting the result which they get from their

experiment.

The user can view the bacteria that they get from the result

The user also can search the predicted data by putting some of the result

2. Admin - Lecturer

The admin can create a new bacteria in the database

The admin can update new information in the existing data

The admin can view the data in the system

The admin can delete the data in the system

4

1.5 Expected Result

The expected result of the BactFinder Application after completing the development

is user can get the bacteria that they want. At the same time , the user demand’s which is

user friendly and innovative technology to facilitate quick prediction analysis in

laboratory will accomplished. These result represented to achieve the objective of the

project which is to design a manual searching process of bacteria to a computerized

system and also to develop an innovative and interactive laboratory tools for bacterial

identification based on biochemical tests and bacteria morpholog characterization.

Furthermore, the result that will be expected after finish project development is the

application will assist the user to solve problem by saving the student’s time to search for

certain data and also give to students the correct answer.

1.6 Project Structure / Organisation

This report consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 consists of project introduction,

problem statements, objectives, scopes, limitation of work and thesis structure. Next, in

Chapter 2, that is literature review which discuss the technique and theory that have been

carried out by another researcher. In Chapter 3 is methodology that discuss the method or

technique used in this project. At this Chapter it also shows the design and framework in

detail of the development project. Chapter 4 is the development of the project and the

report of testing that had been done to the development system. Chapter 5 is the

conclusion of the overall project followed by references.

5

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Literature review means searching, collecting and analyzing any issues related from

previous journal or research paper. The information that has been gathered is about what

method and what contributions that the research has been achieved in improving the uses

of the application. While project methodology is the approach and technique used to

complete project. This chapter will be discussing the report analyzing the fact finding and

the approach and techniques that are going to be used in completing the BactFinder

Application project. The fact and finding are being analyzed by identifying the current

situation and available resources.

6

2.2 Biochemical Reaction Test

Based on Atlas of Oral Microbiology , biochemical tests are among the most

important methods for microbial identification. Routine biochemical tests include tests

for carbohydrate fermentation ,methyl red , citric acid utilization , and hydrogen sulfide

production .

Microbial biochemistry tests shorten the time required to identify microbes, reduce

costs, and ensure or enhance the accuracy of identification of an unknown sample. It is

the fastest developing trend in microbial identification. In recent years, the rapid

commercial test kits for anaerobic bacteria have become available.

Based on T.L. Pitt, M.R. Barer, in Medical Microbiology (Eighteenth Edition),

biochemical test reactions that are not universally positive or negative within a species

may define biotypes of the species, and these may be efficient strain markers. In practice

biotyping is often less discriminatory than other strain typing methods and may be

unstable because of loss of the property. Differences among strains may also be detected

by variations in sensitivity to fixed concentrations of chemicals such as heavy metals, a

process known as resistotyping. The nutritional requirements of the isolate (amino acids)

for growth may also be used to define the auxotype of an isolate.

Based on Samiksha S , Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of

bacteria species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different

bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other.

These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism,

production of certain enzymes, ability to utilize a particular compound etc. help them to

be identified by the biochemical tests.

7

Therefore, ultimately, the identification of bacteria is mostly based on the differences

in their biochemical activities. A list of some of the most commonly used biochemical

tests performed for the identification of bacteria

So , this method of taking its characteristic are proven to be time consuming for

students to search the bacteria. So, to solve this problem understanding of existing project

is a must to determine the best way to develop the project.

8

2.3 Information System

Based on kroenke, David , Information Systems is the expression used to describe an

Automated System (which may be referred to as a Computerized Information System), be

it manual, which covers people, machines or organized methods to collect, process,

transmit and disseminate data representing information for the user or client.

Based on Vladimir Zwass , Information system, an integrated set of components for

collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing information, knowledge, and

digital products. Information systems are used to run interorganizational supply chains

and electronic markets.

Based on Felix Naumann, Dennis Shasha, Gottfried Vossen, Information systems are

the software and hardware systems that support data-intensive applications.

Thus, BactFinder Apps using Mobile Application will be using information system

as a backbone of a bacteria to the user. All the information gathering, work,

communication, and information technology are involved in the development of the

application. BactFinder Apps using Mobile Application use information system to

provide information to the user about the type of bacteria that the user looking for.

BactFinder Apps using Mobile Application will be providing the valuable information of

the bacteria such as the image of the bacteria , the details of the bacteria and the

characteristic of the bacteria to the user as a main purpose of the development. The

information system is the best choice to be used in the development of the application .

Back to the definition of information system , data play an important role in

organization and must be stored, managed, and process the information. So with the

provided questionnaire in the application, can help the user gain information from it.

9

2.4 Mobile Computing

Based on Margaret Rouse, Mobile computing is the set of IT technologies, products,

services, and operational strategies and procedures that enable end users to gain access

computation, information, and related resources and capabilities while mobile. Mobile

most commonly refers to access in motion and is therefore unrestricted to a given

geographic location.

Based on Antonio Regaldio, Mobile computers are spreading faster than any other

consumer technology in history. In the United States, smartphones have even begun

reaching the group of relative technophobes that consumer researchers call the “late

majority.” About half of mobile-phone users now have one.

Based on Jesper Kjeldskov , Mobile computing is a relatively new field of research

with little more than three decades of history. During its lifetime, it has expanded from

being primarily technical to now also being about usability, usefulness, and user

experience. This has led to the birth of the vibrant area of mobile interaction design at

the intersections between, among others, mobile computing, social sciences,

human-computer interaction, industrial design, and user experience design.

Thus , Mobile computing is chosen as the academic value of developing the

BactFinder Apps using Mobile Application . This is because mobile computing is

described as an application of small, portable, wireless computing and communication

devices. BactFinder Apps using Mobile Application will focuses on user, interface

design, authentication, performance, innovative application, mobile infrastructure and

system networking. The application will be focused on the security as the user need to

register as a member before they can use the application.

10

2.4.1 Android Operating Sytem

The BactFinder Apps using Mobile Application will be using Android operating

system because it is an open platform and very stable for developing the application as

many user familiar with the structure of Android operating system. This application is

suitable by using Android platform instead of other platform. The reason is because

Android's open platform has been embraced by much of the mobile development

community . Another reason why BactFinder Apps using Mobile Application will be

using Android open platform because it it surely complete, open and free. Android

platform is an open source platform to user which is it does not need to pay anything as

for the designer or user.

2.5 Existing Application And System

2.5.1 ABIS ONLINE - BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION

Based on Regnum Prokaryotae , ABIS online is a hybrid laboratory tool for

bacterial identification which can be used in website and also mobile. It is open for

public use, but using it, still requires an user name. This will be used for printing out

the results. We are not recording personal data. Additionally, user may subscribe to

newsletter, but only if user want to receive notifications about updates via e-mail.

Identification results are purely informative and are not intended to be an official

point of view. Because of the frequent taxonomy changes some bacterial names

may not comply with the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. The web will to keep up

with the changes and regularly update the databases.

11

2.5.2 IDENTAX BACTERIAL IDENTIFIER SYSTEM

Based on Flores, O. , L.A. Belanche, and A.R. Blanch, IDENTAX bacterial identifier is

a free program for the taxonomical identification of bacteria using phenotypical

characteristics. It is aimed at the microbiologist community, and also at any field with a

need for cheap and fast classification of unknown strains of bacteria. In order to perform

the identification process, IDENTAX uses the existing knowledge of various scientific

workgroups, wich generously yield matrices containing the prior probabilities of a taxa

set of response (in a positive or negative way) to a specific test. This software is

developed using Sun Microsystems Java technology and runs perfectly on almost all

existing operating systems. Also, it is distributed under the LGPL license, allowing free

use and modification of IDENTAX to all users.

2.5.3 ORI-FINDER SYSTEM

Based on Tianjin University BioInformatics Centre , Ori-Finder is an online system for

finding oriCs in bacterial genomes based on an integrated method comprising the

analysis of base composition asymmetry using the Z-curve method, distribution of

DnaA boxes, and the occurrence of genes frequently close to oriCs. The program can

also deal with the unannotated sequences by integrating the gene-finding program

ZCURVE 1.02. Output of the predicted results is exported to an HTML report, which

offers convenient views on the results in both graphical and tabular formats.

12

2.6 Similarities With Bactfinder Application Using Mobile Application

AUTHOR

PROJECT

NAME

DESCRIPTION

SIMILARITIES

Tianjin

University

BioInformatics

Centre

2017

Ori-Finder

System

An online system for finding oriCs in bacterial

genomes based on an integrated method comprising

the analysis of base composition asymmetry using

the Z-curve method, distribution of DnaA boxes,

and the occurrence of genes frequently close to

oriCs.

1) Using HTML and

PHP languange

2) To detect the

bacteria

13

AUTHOR

PROJECT

NAME

DESCRIPTION

SIMILARITIES

Flores, O. , L.A.

Belanche, and

A.R. Blanch.

2009

IDENTAX

Bacterial

Identification

A free program for the taxonomical identification of

bacteria using phenotypical characteristics. It is

aimed at the microbiologist community, and also at

any field with a need for cheap and fast

classification of unknown strains of bacteria

1) Using HTML and

PHP languange

2) To detect the

bacteria

Regnum

Prokaryotae

2016

ABIS Online

Mobile

Application

A hybrid laboratory tool for bacterial identification

which can be used in website and also mobile

1) Developed using

Android-Based

2) Application for

bacterial detection

14

2.7 Chapter Summary

Basically in this chapter several research have been done in order to have a deep

understanding of the method that is going to implement in proposed application.

Besides a review of related existing systems also have been done at this chapter. From

the existing system, we can have an idea of how the proposed system can be developed

so that it is functioning well and beneficial to all the user.

15

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

In this chapter, it will explain the specific details on the methodology being

used in order to develop this project. In order to make sure the project is in the right

path, methodology plays an importance role as a guide for the project complete and

working well as plan. There is different type of methodology that is used for different

type of application. It is important to choose the right and suitable methodology for

the development of an application thus it is necessary to understand the application

functionality itself. In order to ensure the effective of the MyIntern application, good

identification is required before the development process begins. By using Mobile

Application Development Life Cycle (MADLC) model, there are seven phases

involve.

16

3.2 Mobile Application Development Life Cycle (MADLC)

The phase in Mobile Application Development Life Cycle model are:

Identification Phase, Design, Development, Prototyping, Testing, Development and

Maintenance. All the methods and processes undertaken in Mobile Application

Development Life Cycle are more visible.

Figure 3.1 : The methodology used in BactFinder Application which is Mobile

Application Development Life Cycle (MADLC)

17

3.2.1 Identification Phase

In this first phase, ideas are collected and categorized. The main objective of this

phase is to come out with new idea and improvements to the current complaint

system.

The existing systems on any of the standards platforms are searched to establish

the novelty of the idea. If a similar application exists in the market, the popularity of

the application and the features supported are studied and compared. The differences

with the existing system(s) are documented. If no similar application exists in and

mobile application, then the idea with its core functionality should be documented.

The other important task in this phase is to define the time required to develop the

MyIntern application. The initial requirement gathering should also be completed.

3.2.2 Design Phase

In this phase, the idea for MyInten application is development into an initial

design of the application. The feasibility if developing the application on all mobile

platform is determined. Alternatively, the specific target mobile platform is identified

(example smartphone with Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 20)).

The application functionality is broke down into module and into prototype

i.e., combination of modules which are to be released in the prototype design. The

functional requirement is defined. For example: login, apply internship, view status,

update profile, reject internship and etc. The software architecture of the application is

created. Then the prototype and associated modules are defined. A very importance

part of the design phase is to create the storyboard for the user interface interaction:

this storyboard described flow of the application.

18

3.2.3 Development Phase

In this phase, the application is coded. Coding for different module of the same

prototype can proceed in parallel. The development process can be in two stages:

Coding for Functional Requirement and Coding for UI requirement. The code is

developed first for the core functionalities. Parallel development can be done for

module of the same prototype that are independent of each other. Subsequently, these

modules can be integrated. In the second stage, user interface is designed so that it can

be supported on as may mobile operating system platform as possible; it is not good

practice to have different look and feel the same application in different platforms.

The minimum set of interface components in all mobile OS platform should be used in

the design.

3.2.4 Prototyping Phase

In this phase, the functional requirement of each prototype is analysed; the

prototype is tested and sent to the supervisor for feedback. After feedback is received

from the supervisor, the required changes are implemented through the development

phase. When the second prototype is ready, it is integrated with the first prototype,

tested and the send to the client. The development, prototyping and testing phase are

repeated until the final prototype is ready. The final prototype is sent to the supervisor

for a final feedback.

19

3.2.5 Testing Phase

Testing is one if the most important phases of any development lifecycle model.

The testing of the prototype is performed on an Android Virtual Device or any

simulator followed by testing on the real device, for example in the case of Android

operating system development, should be performed on multiple operating system

versions, multiple models od smartphone with variable screen size.

3.2.6 Deploymentt Phase

Deployment is the final phase of the development process. After the testing is

completed and the final feedback is obtained from the supervisor, the application us

ready for the deployment. The application is uploaded to the appropriate application

store/market for user consumption. Before the application us deployed, the following

steps are to be checked.

Register as a developer on the respective application developer’s website by

paying the annual fee, if necessary, for respective OS.

Check the rules and regulations of the application store for the deployment of

an application.

Refine the application, for example, by removing all the log files and

comment.

Design the icon and wallpaper.

Create the file format required on operating system platform.

20

3.2.7 Maintenance Phase

The maintenance is the final phase of this model and this maintenance is a

continuous process. Feedback is collected from users and required changes are made

in the form of bug fixes or improvements. Appropriate security patches, performance

improvements, additional functionality, new user interface should be provided at

regular intervals in the form of updates to the application. The maintenance phase also

includes the marketing of the application: advertising and highlighting its unique

features. If any application required a backend server: this server and related operating

system must be maintained as well.

3.3 Hardware and Software Requirements

In the application development process, the requirement such as software and

hardware are the most importance requirement to ensure that all system development

work smoothly without any interruption and problem. There are several requirements

that were used to complete this project which include:

21

3.3.1 Hardware

Minimum hardware requirement needed in this development of this application are:

I. Notebook: ASUS A455L

Processor: Intel Core i5-5200U, 2.7GHz

Memory: 4GB Ram

Storage: 1TB HDD

Operating System: Windows 10 Home Single Languange

II. Android Mobile Phone: Xiaomi Redmi 4X

Used to run, deploy and testing application

Android version 5.1.1 or later.

22

3.3.2 Software

Software requirement of this project are:

1. Android Studio

This software is used to code the core program of the project. It debugs and run, tests

the application

2. Xampp for Windows

This software used to manage connection between Apache and MySQL.

3. MySQL

This software used to create system database application.

4. Java, Php

Programming Languange

5. Microsoft Word 2013

Used to do the documentation of application

6. Google Chrome

A browser to run the localhost and searching information

7. Notepad++

Used to code the program, especially connection application to database

23

3.4 Process Model

3.4.1 Context Diagram

Figure 3.2 : Context diagram of application

Figure 3.2 shows the main process of BactFinder work. There have two only

entities involved which are User and Admin. The role of admin can manage the data

about of bacteria. With this data, admin can update or delete the bacteria information.

The admin need to login to use the application. The data already inserted into the

database in back-end development.

While at the user site, the user needs to place the result from the test that been

done from their experiment. Then, the application will display the bacteria name,

bacteria information, bacteria image and summary of the selected test.

24

3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram ( Level 0 )

Figure 3.3 : Data Flow Diagram ( Level 0 ) of application

Figure 3.3 shows the flow of the user and admin in the BactFinder Application.

The application carried out 4 processes. In the user site, there are 3 process need to

carry out. The core of the application in the user site is the third process which is

Searching process. During this phase, user will place the result from the test and will

be shown the bacteria details and if user not yet do the test, so user can predict what

bacteria from the result.

While at the admin site, there are 2 process need to carry out. The core of the

application in the admin site is the second process which is Manage process.

25

3.4.3 Data Flow Diagram ( Level 1 )

Figure 3.4 : Data Flow Diagram ( Level 1 )

Figure 3.4 shows the process of BactFinder application in admin site with more detail

from Figure 3.3. This is the process of the second process in the admin site which is

Manage process. In this process, the ability of admin in this process are admin can

view the data of the bacteria, can add new bacteria data, can update the selected

bacteria data and delete the bacteria data by using the application.

26

3.4.4 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 3.5 : Entity Relationship Diagram

An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) of this application describe system’s entities

information and entitie’s relationship. ERD create of three features such as identifying

and defining the entities, determine entities’s interaction and the cardinality of the

relationship. Every box describes the table in database and lines is to show the

relationship.

For this application need to create three entities represented three tables into the

database. Every entity has their attributes as shown in Figure 3.5. The relationship

between of entities explain the process will carry out by that entity. This ERD also

explains the important data that need to operate the application succesfully. This

figure also the different role between admin and user in more detail.

27

3.4.5 Data Dictionary

Table 3.1 : Table of Data Dictionary

Entity Attribute Explanation Data Type Size Remark

studentinfo

name Name of user VARCHAR 1000

username Username of user VARCHAR 255 PK

password Password of user VARCHAR 1000

admininfo

name Name of admin VARCHAR 1000 FK

username Username of admin VARCHAR 255 PK

password Password of admin VARCHAR 1000

bacteriainfo

id Id of bacteria INTEGER 100 PK

name Name of bacteria VARCHAR 1000

a Test 1 VARCHAR 1000

b Test 2 VARCHAR 1000

c Test 3 VARCHAR 10

d Test 4 VARCHAR 10

e Test 5 VARCHAR 10

f Test 6 VARCHAR 10

g Test 7 VARCHAR 10

h Test 8 VARCHAR 10

i Test 9 VARCHAR 10

j Test 10 VARCHAR 10

k Test 11 VARCHAR 10

l Test 12 VARCHAR 10

m Test 13 VARCHAR 10

n Test 14 VARCHAR 10

o Test 15 VARCHAR 10

p Test 16 VARCHAR 10

q Test 17 VARCHAR 10

r Test 18 VARCHAR 10

s Test 19 VARCHAR 10

t Test 20 VARCHAR 10

info Information of

bacteria

TEXT

photo Image of bacteria VARCHAR 100

adminname Username of admin VARCHAR 100 FK

28

3.4.6 Database Design

Database stores data in a systematic way and can be accessed easily authorize the user.

There are three tables in the development of the BactFinder application. All of the tables

of database use MySQL. The list of tables as shown as below:

Table 3.2 : Table of Student

The table above shows the table in database for user in the application. The tables

consist of name, username, password. This data is used for log in in the user site.

Table 3.3 : Table of Admin

The figure above shows the table for admin in the application. The tables consist of

name, username, password. This data is used for log in in the admin site.

Name Data Length Description Key Type

Type

name varchar 1000 Name of user Null

username varchar 255 Username of user Primary Key

Password varchar 1000 Password of user Null

Name Data Length Description Key Type

Type

name varchar 1000 Name of admin Null

username varchar 255 Username of admin Primary Key

Password varchar 1000 Password of admin Null

29

Table 3.4 : Table of Bacteria

The figure above shows the table for bacteria detail in the application. The tables consist

of id, name, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, info, photo. This data is used

for shows to user the bacteria that they select.

Name Data Type Length Description Key Type

id integer 255 Id of bacteria Primary Key

name varchar 1000 Name of bacteria Null

a varchar 10 Test A Null

b varchar 10 Test B Null

c varchar 10 Test C Null

d varchar 10 Test D Null

e varchar 10 Test E Null

f varchar 10 Test F Null

g varchar 10 Test G Null

h varchar 10 Test H Null

i varchar 10 Test I Null

j varchar 10 Test J Null

k varchar 10 Test K Null

l varchar 10 Test L Null

m varchar 10 Test M Null

n varchar 10 Test N Null

o varchar 10 Test O Null

p varchar 10 Test P Null

q varchar 10 Test Q Null

r varchar 10 Test R Null

s varchar 10 Test S Null

t varchar 10 Test T Null

info Text null Details of Bacteria Null

photo varchar 100 Photo of Bacteria Null

adminName varchar 1000 Name of admin Foreign Key

30

3.5 Framework

Figure 3.6 : The framework design of project

User

- Student need to

register/login to the

application

- Student can search

bacteria, view image,

predict their own

bacteria

Admin

- Admin can add , update ,

delete and insert image of

bacteria

- Admin need to login to

the system

Database

- Store all bacteria data in

database from admin

31

3.6 Gantt Chart

Table 3.5 : Gantt Chart

No.

Tasks Month

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Identification Phase

1.1 Problem Definition

1.2 Project Identification

1.3 Project Proposal

2 Design Phase

3.1 Process Design

3.2 Database Design

3 Development Phase

4.1 Develop database

4.2 Admin Module

4.3 User Module

4.4 Develop database route

4 Prototyping Phase

5 Testing Phase

5.1 System Test

5.2 User Test

6 Deployment Phase

7 Maintenance Phase

32

3.7 Chapter Summary

This chapter is basically discussed on the methodology and tools such as hardware

and software that are used in developing the proposed system. Besides the conceptual

design and logical design as well as the physical design of the system has been proof by

drawing the framework, context diagram (CD), data flow diagram (DFD), entity

relationship diagram (ERD) and interface of the system. Data dictionary that related to

the ERD of this system also prepared in this chapter for better understanding on the

attributes used in constructing the ERD for data storing.

33

CHAPTER IV

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction

This project is implemented as an android application by using Android Studio

which is Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to help developer code, debug,

test, design and execute the main process of the project. This project also used the

Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) language to connect program in the Android Studio to

the database of application.

The core of the project is focused on User site only. The user has functions which

are login to continue, register if do not have account, chatting with the lecturer, finding

the bacteria from the result, predict what bacteria will get. While Admin has functions

to login, create, update, delete, retrieve the bacreria data..

Testing and implementation are described to develop the system as a specific

design that discussed in the previous chapter, verified to make sure that the application

is error-free and fulfill the user requirements. This chapter should finish before the

application is complete. This chapter will cover the accurate testing the program on the

mobile application

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4.2 Interfaces

Figure 4.1 : First and Second Interface of the BactFinder Application

When students or admin opens the application , this is the first page or homepage

of the BactFinder Application. So, students or admin need to click any buttons from

the page which is Getting Started , Refrences and Contact Us .When students or admin

click the Getting Started button, so it will proceed to pages where the student or admin

need to choose whether want to continue as student or as admin.

35

Figure 4.2 : Login and Register interface for student site

When student continue as student by clicking the Student button, so students will

be ask for the username and the password in order to continue to another pages. But, if

the students do not have an account, they can register by clicking the text which is

“No Account? Sign Up Here”. So, the student need to fill up the requirements such as

Full Name, Username and Password. After done fill up the requirements, student need

to click Register button and will proceed to another pages.

36

Figure 4.3 : Chatting interface for student site

If student click the Chat Here With Lecturer button, so it will proceed to another

page and ask the student’s name in order to enter the chat. For example, by putting

Khairul as the name. So the lecturer can know which Khairul that asking the inside the

group. Student need to choose whether the students is from what faculty. There is 2

Faculty which is FIK - Unisza and FBIM - Unisza. So, if the students are from

Informatics & Computing Faculty, so he can join the FIK - Unisza group and can start

chatting inside the group. Student can start chatting with others such as their friends

and also the lecturer. From here, students can ask everything such as question on the

bacteria and admin also can inform the students the updated bacteria.

37

Figure 4.4 : Searching interface for student site.

On this page, students can test their result based on the experiment that have

been done in their labs. If students have done 13 test , so students can click all the

button whether Positive or Negative and click the Search All button to get the

bacteria data. If students not done any test , students still can click all the button but

also can click None button if the test have not been carried out then click the Search

Selected to predict what bacteria data will they get.

38

Figure 4.5 : Result interface of the BactFinder Application for student site.

On this page if student click Search All button from previous pages, so students

will get data about what bacteria they were looking and also the selected bacteria

characteristics that students select from previous pages. To view more information

about the bacteria data, students can proceed by clicking the More Info button.

39

Figure 4.6 : Result interface of the BactFinder Application for student site.

On this page students can know about the details of the bacteria data. So it will

tell a bit about the information of the bacteria. Students also can click button Click

Here to View Image in order to view the images. Students can view the image from

database by clicking the View button. So if there is any changes so admin will

changes the data from the admin result.

40

Figure 4.7 : Predict interface of the BactFinder Application for student site.

On this page, students can click the None button and get the previous data. This is

because maybe some test will not be done by the students. So students can click the

None button and click the Search Selected button and get the predicted result.

Students can view the predicted bacteria data by clicking the Search Selected button

from previous pages. So it will show by showing the name of the bacteria like in the

figure above

41

Figure 4.8 : Login interface for admin site.

When admin continue as admin by clicking the Admin button, so admin will be

ask for the username and the password in order to continue to another pages. The

username and password for admin are already inserted by the developer into the

database. The reason is the developer wants to avoid confusion between user ability and

admin ability while using the application. If there have registration to be an admin, then

every user can be the admin. This issue the developer wants to avoid.

42

Figure 4.9 : Chat interface for admin site.

If admin click the Chat Here With Student button, so it will proceed to another

page and ask the admin’s name in order to enter the chat. For example, by putting

admin@FIK as the name. So admin have the function to create a new group for the

students. Admin can start chatting with student lecturer. From here, admin can inform

the students the updated bacteria.

43

Figure 4.10 : Save and Retrieve interface for admin site.

On this page, admin can save new data and retrieve back the data from the

database. In the save process, admin need to fill up all the requirement. This is

because if admin forget to fill up any data, then the data will not succesfully add. In

the retrieve back the data, admin will be show all the name of the bacteria. Admin can

click the name to view the the selected data back.

44

Figure 4.11 : Selected Bacteria and Update interface for admin site.

On this page, admin can view the selected data and update the data to the

database. In the selected data process, admin can view back whether all the data is

correctly enter or not. If there is also any changes admin can click button Update to

update the new data. In the update the data, admin will be show the previous data that

have been entered , and if there is any changes to do , admin can changed it easily.

45

4.3 Testing and Result

4.3.1 Introduction

A test case is a set of condition or variables under which a tester will determine if a

requirement upon an application is partially or fully satisfied. Test case also can define

as a sequence of steps to test the correct behavior of functionality or feature of an

application. There is a list of steps, test, procedures and expected outcomes would be

stated in a test case. The test case for student have login, searching data , predicting data

and also the chatting process. The test case for admin have login, insert new data ,

retrieve data , update data , delete data and also the chatting process. of the bacteria. The

test case for the main application which database for searching bacteria data and also to

predict bacteria data as a result.

4.3.2 Testing Analysis

Testing is needed to test system full function and free error. There is three type of

testing in the application. Those are unit testing, integration testing, and system testing.

Unit testing is carried out to verify the functionality of specific section code and

integration testing works to exposed defects in the interfaces and interaction between

modules. End-to-end testing or system testing tests a complete integrated system to

verify that it meets its requirements.

46

4.3.3 Black Box Testing

Black box testing is a software testing technique which tests the application by

ignoring the internal code structure and knowledge of internal paths of the software.

This testing is based on entirely the software requirements and specifications. It is

focused on input and output of the application process without bothering about internal

knowledge of the application. Such as process testing are carried out with test the input

and output process on student and admin site. There are test based on display, insert,

update , delete the data of bacteria and also the functionality of chatting .

4.3.4 White Box Testing

White box testing focuses on strengthening security, the flow of inputs and outputs

through the application and improving design and usability. The testing can be done

with the application, integration and unit levels of the software development. The basic

goals of white testing to verify working flow for an application. The testing involved a

series of predefined inputs against expected output. So, when it does not result in the

expected output, it must encounter a bug. Such as each form are test whether it can fill

and to check validation like login the admin and student. The expected result will be

checked when the data input is view for example students manage to view the bacteria

data such as bacteria information and image while in admin site , admin manage to save

and retrieve back the data from database.

47

4.4 Test Result and Analysis

Figure 4.12 : The Login process for admin.

The username and password for admin are already inserted by the developer into

the database. The reason is the developer wants to avoid confusion between user ability

and admin ability while using the application. If there have registration to be an admin,

then every user can be the admin. This issue the developer wants to avoid.

If the username and password are correct, admin can go through to next page after

clicking the Log in button. If the username and password in incorrect, the admin will be

stuck at the login page until admin recheck the data that key in.

48

Figure 4.13 : The Login process for student.

The username and password for student are not inserted by the developer into the

database. There have registration form for student, so it can compare which one student

and admin. This is because student need to register since admin need to know the details

of the students.

If the username and password are correct, student can go through to next page after

clicking the Log in button. If the username and password in incorrect, the student will

be stuck at the login page until student recheck the data that key in.

49

4.4.1 Test Case

Table 4.1 : Test Case for Successful of open the Application.

Test Case for Successful of open the Application

Steps

Test Procedure

Expected Result

1

Open the application of BactFinder.

The splash screen will come out by

showing the the image of the BactFinder

Apps and three button which is button

Getting Started , References and

Contact Us.

Table 4.2 : Test Case for Unsuccessful of open the Application.

Test Case for Successful of open the Application

Steps

Test Procedure

Expected Result

1

Open the application of BactFinder.

The apps will crash by showing the

BactFinder apps cannot be use or

stop immidiately

50

Table 4.3 : Test Case for Successful Login for admin.

Test Case for Successful Login for admin

Steps

Test Procedure

Expected Result

1

Click the button “Admin” to enter

page login admin.

View login page

2

Admin enters the following details:

Suggested input:

Username : admin

Password : admin

3

Admin click “Log in” button

Login page loaded. Login is succesful.

The application will be redirected

Table 4.4 : Test Case for Successful Login for student.

Test Case for Successful Login for admin

Steps

Test Procedure

Expected Result

1

Click the button “Student” to enter

page login admin.

View login page

2

Student enters the following details:

Suggested input:

Username : khairul

Password : khairul

3

Student click “Log in” button

Login page loaded. Login is succesful.

The application will be redirected

51

4.5 Results

The expected result after releasing of the application TrainMap is user should be

able to view bacteria data from the given bacteria result by using the BactFinder

Application. The user also can get their demand’s which is user friendly and innovative

technology to facilitate quick prediction analysis in laboratory will accomplished.

Furthermore, the result that will be expected after finish project development is the

application will assist the user to solve problem by saving the student’s time to search

for certain data and also give to students the correct answer. While on admin site, they

can to view, update or delete the data of the application. The developer also expected

that the system could function well and fulfill the user requirement standard.

4.6 Summary

52

In a nut shell for this chapter, the developer shows the interfaces those developed

for the BactFinder application. The developer also put a few of pop up message after the

user does certain activities. This will help the user alert with the action they act. Next,

testing phase did by the developer by testing the application. This phase also important

because to optimize the application for the high level. A few errors can be identifying,

and the developer fixed to improve the functionality of the system. The developer does

testing from unit testing until integrated testing. If there have an error, the developer

will be fixed it immediately. Finally, the test case necessary to guide the tester to test the

system. The system will repeatedly be tested to minimize the error.

53

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Conclusion

By the end of this study, “BactFinder Application Using Mobile Apps” project is

expected that application can encourage the students to use the apps as the medium to

get their data in an easy ways by student’s time to search for certain data and also give

to students the correct answer. BactFinder Application is an interactive mobile

application designed to facilitate bacteria identification based on biochemical tests and

bacteria morphology.There are many methods for identifying bacteria. Traditionally

an observational and biochemical approach has been used.The interface less complex

design and easy to use which the student only need to select the the result which they

already have it after done their experiment. Then, the automatic result display. While

in the admin site, this application will help them to view a list of data, update or delete

and insert bacteria data. It can do by using the smartphone and also website.

5.2 Project Contribution

54

“BactFinder Application Using Mobile Apps” project or known as a BactFinder

application that will be applied into schools or university in Malaysia. This application

also contributes toward solving some of the challenging problem due issue dumping

android application in google play store. The application also introduces the new way in

assist the student to get their result in an easy ways and also by saving their time. The

application also contributes to the admin to manage the application . They can manage

the data that relate to bacteria data in an easy ways and systematic. They only need a

smartphone to manage that data and also if they did not bring their smartphone they also

can update the data in the website.

5.3 System Constraints

55

There are few of problems can be found during the process to achieve the project

objectives. The problems during the development of the application as the

following:

I. The android technology is growing very rapidly. The developer must

alert the new update of Android technology. This is because we want to prevent the

application is developed will exist some bug or not compatible with the current

technology. So, the developer must follow the current technology.

II. The data bacteria is huge. There is very difficult the developer to collect

and save the data in short time. Meanwhile, the data of the bacteria frequenly

update due to the research of the scientist in the world who want to get thier name

as the founder of the bacteria.

III. The application needs to the connection of Wi-Fi or coverage of mobile

phone network. This is because the application wants to load the image from server

and also want to have some real time chatting. If there does not has the connection,

then the image will not appear, and the application will be useless. The user must

provide the connection first before using the application.

56

5.4 Suggestion for Improvement

Although the application operates in properly and follows the milestone of project

respectively, there exist some changes can be taken for better performances. The

constraint as described before this can be corrected and improve the quality for the

future. The developer must come up to date with the current technology to ensure the

application that developed will meet the standard. The data of the bacteria can be added

and updated from time to time until it complete. At least the main bacteria that

commonly use in the student’s study already save into database to avoid

disappointment from the user when using this application.

57

5.5 Summary

In a nutshell, “BactFinder Application Using Mobile Apps” project was developed

to assist a variety of student in the university or school to use the apps in an easy. With

development the application, it was systematically the management and planning to

encourage the students to use the apps as the medium to get their data . By doing so, the

user demand’s which is user friendly and innovative technology to facilitate quick

prediction analysis in laboratory will accomplished. These result represented to

achieve the objective of the project which is to design a manual searching process of

bacteria to a computerized system and also to develop an innovative and interactive

laboratory tools for bacterial identification based on biochemical tests and bacteria

morpholog characterization. Furthermore, the result that will be expected after finish

project development is the application will assist the user to solve problem by saving

the student’s time to search for certain data and also give to students the correct

answer. Then, the management on admin site also become easy and systematic in

managing the data. With a smartphone, anytime and anywhere they can manage the data.

Finally, the developer hopes this application can use for business market and

achieve the user expectation. So, the application can give a better solution or suggestion

to them while giving feedback for improving the application in the future.

58

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