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Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

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Page 1: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 2: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Bacterial Rhinoscleroma Syphilis Tuberculosis and Lupus vulgaris

Leprosy

Fungal Rhinosporodiosis Aspergillosis Mucormycosis Candidiasis

Others Wegenor’s granulomatosis

Midline granuloma Sarcoidosis

Page 3: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Caused by – Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (Frisch bacillus),       a gram negative bacillus

any  age and sexPrimary site is nose

Rhinoscleroma

Page 4: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

1. catarrhal stage2. Atrophic stage3. Granulomatous stage(woody nose)4. Cicatricial stage

Page 5: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 6: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 7: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 8: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Biopsy  infiltration of submucosa with

– Plasma cell– Lymphocytes– Eosinophils– Mikulicz cell     – Russell body

Page 9: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 10: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Streptomycin (1 g/day for 4 weeks) plus tetracycline (2 g/day) is the recommended treatment regimen for rhinoscleroma. A second course of this therapy is repeated after 1 month. Even during the acute or     granulomatous stage, this will give a 60% to 70% cure rate. 

Corticosteroids  Surgical treatment

Page 11: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Congenital Early form  Late form

Acquired Primary (chancre) Secondary Tertiary (gumma)

Page 12: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Early congenital syphilis Purulent nasal discharge Fissuring and excoriation of nasal vestibule

Late congenital syphilis Gummatous lesion destroy the nasal structure Corneal opacity Deafness Hutchinson’s teeth

Page 13: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Primary acquired syphilis Primary chancre

Secondary acquired syphilis Lymphadenitis, mucosal patch ,fissures and crusts

Tertiary syphilis Gummatous lesion

Page 14: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

VDRLBiopsy

TPHAFTA‐ABS

Page 15: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units i.m weekly x 3week

Page 16: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

1. Vestibular stenosis2. Perforation of nasal septum       3. Secondary atrophic rhinitis4. Saddle nose deformity

Page 17: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 18: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 19: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 20: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Primary nasal infection is rare Secondary to pulmonary T.B. Nodular infiltration of anterior part Ulceration and perforation of the cartilaginous part of the septum

Diagnosis by Biopsy Anti tubercular drug is the t/t

Page 21: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Low grade tubercular infection  Commonly involve the nasal vestibule and skin of the face

Characteristic feature is “apple‐gelly nodules” brown, gelatinous nodules

Perforation of the cartilaginous septum Biopsy is diagnostic Anti‐Tubercular t/t.

Page 22: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 23: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 24: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Caused by M.leprae Mostly by Lepromatous leprosy Starts from the nasal vestibule and involve the septum and inf turbinate

Nodular lesion Ulcers Perforation Atrophic rhinitis  Retraction of collumela

Diagnosis by Biopsy Anti‐leprotic therapy

Page 25: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 26: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 27: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Dapsone (100 mg/d) plus clofazimine (50 mg/d), unsupervised; and rifampin (600 mg) plus clofazimine (300 mg) monthly (supervised) for 1–2 years

Page 28: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Caused by – R. seeberi (fungus) Seen in India ,Pakistan, Sri Lanka Source of infection – Infected pond Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs – Leaf like polypoid mass, pink to purple color Diagnosis – Biopsy T/t – Exn & Cautsn of base              (Chronic‐ Dapsone)

Page 29: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 30: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 31: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 32: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Caused by A.niger,fumigatous,flavus Immunocompromised pt C/f –Acute or Sub acute rhinitis or sinusitis with cheesy white or black materials in the sinuses

T/t – Surgical debridement with anti‐fungal drugs (Irrigation with gentian violet soln 1% is helpful)

Page 33: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 34: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Found in uncontrolled diabetics and pt with immunosuppressive therapy

Rapidly fatal condition Affinity of the fungus to artery ,causes thrombosis Black necrotic mass eroding the septum and hard palate

T/t – Surgical debridement, amphotericin B ,control of underlying cause.

Page 35: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 36: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 37: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 38: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 39: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 40: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Etiology is Unknown Involves Upper airway, lung, kidney and skin. Nose – Purulent or blood stained nasal discharge, crusting ,granulation,septal perforation

Destruction of the eye, orbit, palate, oral cavity,oropharynx and sometimes middle ear.

Page 41: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 42: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Lungs – Cough,haemoptysis ,Single or multiple cavity in x‐ray

Kidney – red cells,casts,albumin in urine, raised serum creatinin

Gen symptoms – Anaemia,fatigue, night sweat, migratory arthralgia

Diagnosis – Biopsy T/t – Systemic steroid, cytotoxic drugs Azathioprine,cyclophosphamide

Page 43: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Believe to be a type of Lymphoma Destructive disease in the nose and mid facial region

Differentiated from Wegener's granulomatosis by absence of pulmonary and renal involvement.

Diagnosis – Biopsy T/t – Radiotherapy and surgical debridement

Page 44: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 45: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Unknown etiology Involve – lung ,lymphnode,eye and skin Nose – Sub mucosal nodule, nasal pain, obstruction, epistaxis

Diffuse pulmonary infiltration with hilar adenopathy on x‐ray

Serum urinary calcium level –raised T/t – Systemic and local steroid

Page 46: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 47: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Thank you

Page 48: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Foreign body of noseRhinolithMyiasis of the nose

Page 49: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

STONE FORMATION IN THE NASAL CAVITY

DUE TO DEPOSITION OF THE CALCIUM AND MAGNECIUM SALT

COMMON IN ADULTS C/F – UNILATERAL NASAL

OBSTRUCTION,FOUL SMELLING NASAL DISCHARGE OFTEN BLOOD STAINED

O/E – GREY BROWN OR GREENISH BLACK MASS WITH STONY HARD FEEL FOUND

T/T – REMOVAL UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA

Page 50: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 51: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 52: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 53: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf

Larva form of flies Species – Chrysomia Secondary to – Atrophic rhinitis,syphilis,leprosy, Lays egg 200 at times Pain, bleeding nose,and complications T/t – Chloroform water,Turpentine oil

Page 54: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 55: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf
Page 56: Bacterial - GMCH lectures/ENT/granulomatous dis of nos… · Bacterial Rhinoscleroma ... Mostly affects –Nose & Nasopharynx Symptoms – Nasal obst & discharge,epistaxis Signs –Leaf