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Bacterial Concentrations Above and Below the Boundary Layer
SLI 2009 Statement of Work
Madison West Rocket Club
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Table of Contents
School Information .............................................................................................4 Educators and Mentors .................................................................................................4 Student Participants ......................................................................................................6
Facilities and Equipment....................................................................................7 Facilities ........................................................................................................................7 Personnel ......................................................................................................................8 Equipment and Supplies ...............................................................................................8 Computer Equipment: .................................................................................................10 Communication: ..........................................................................................................11 Section 508 Compliance .............................................................................................12
Safety .................................................................................................................13 Local NAR mentors .....................................................................................................13 Written Safety Plan .....................................................................................................14 Risk, Consequences and Mitigations ..........................................................................17
Technical Design ..............................................................................................19 Vehicle description ......................................................................................................19 Vehicle Dimensions.....................................................................................................19 Propulsion ...................................................................................................................21 Alternate motors..........................................................................................................22 Vehicle requirements and objectives ..........................................................................23 Major Challenges and solutions ..................................................................................25
Experimental Design ........................................................................................26 Payload Schematic .....................................................................................................29 Experiment Flow Chart................................................................................................30 Flight Sequence ..........................................................................................................31 Flight Sequence ..........................................................................................................32 Independent and Dependent Variables.......................................................................34
Independent Variables ............................................................................................34 Dependent Variables...............................................................................................34 Primary Correlations ...............................................................................................34 Other Possible Corellations.....................................................................................34
Challenges and Solutions ...........................................................................................35 Payload Challenges ................................................................................................35 Solutions .................................................................................................................35
Outreach ............................................................................................................37 Community Support ....................................................................................................37 Outreach Programs.....................................................................................................37
Budget ...............................................................................................................39
Calendar ............................................................................................................41
Educational Standards .....................................................................................41
Educational Standards .....................................................................................42
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Rocket Program Sustainability ........................................................................47 In School Program ......................................................................................................47 Partnerships ................................................................................................................47 Grants .........................................................................................................................48 Mentors .......................................................................................................................48 Parents........................................................................................................................48 Outreach and Visibility ................................................................................................48 Returning Team Project ..............................................................................................50
Appendices .......................................................................................................52 Appendix A: Resume for David ...................................................................................52 Appendix B: Resume for Jacob...................................................................................54 Appendix C: Resume for Larissa ................................................................................55 Appendix D: Resume for Marina .................................................................................57 Appendix E: Resume for Max .....................................................................................58 Appendix F: Resume for Suhas ..................................................................................60 Appendix G: Resume for Tulika ..................................................................................62 Appendix H: Resume for Zander.................................................................................64 Appendix I: Model Rocket Safety Code ......................................................................66 Appendix J: High Power Rocket Safety Code.............................................................68 Appendix K: Section 508.............................................................................................71
Appendix L: Material Safety Data Sheets .......................................................76
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School Information
Educators and Mentors
Administrative Staff Member West High School Principal Ed Holmes Madison West High School, 30 Ash St., Madison, WI, 53726 Phone: (608) 204-4100 Email: [email protected]
Lead Educators
Ms. Christine Hager, Biology Instructor Madison West High School, 30 Ash St., Madison, WI 53726 Phone: (608) 204-3181 Fax: (608) 204-0529 Email: [email protected] Pavel Pinkas, Ph.D., Senior Software Engineer for DNASTAR, Inc. 1763 Norman Way, Madison, WI, 53705 Work Phone: (608) 237-3068 Home Phone: (608) 238-5933 Fax: (608) 258-3749 Email: [email protected]
Other Educators
Professor Edwin Eloranta Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, UW-Madison Phone: (608) 262-7327 Email: [email protected] Dr. Shanteri Singh Dept. of Pharmaceutical Research, UW-Madison Phone: (608) 262-5765 Email: [email protected] Professor James B. Pawley Dept. of Zoology, UW-Madison Phone: (608) 263-3147 Email: [email protected] Professor Dan McCammon Dept. of Physics, UW-Madison Phone: (608) 262-5916 Email: [email protected]
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Rehan Quraishi Student at UW Madison, SLI 2006, 2007 Graduate Phone: (608) 358-8944 Email: [email protected]
NAR Mentors
Scott T. Goebel 3423 Pierce Boulevard, Racine, WI, 53405-4515 Phone: (262) 634-3971 E-Mail: [email protected] Brent Lillesand 4809 Jade Lane, Madison, WI 53705 Phone: (608) 241-9282 E-Mail: [email protected]
Section 508 Consultant Ms. Ronda Solberg (senior software designer) DNASTAR, Inc. 3801 Regent St, Madison, WI, 53705 E-Mail: [email protected]
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Student Participants Vehicle Team
Zander
Vehicle
construction, vehicle checklist
Max
Vehicle
electronics, vehicle recovery,
safety officer
Marina
Vehicle design, construction,
outreach specialist
Jacob
Vehicle team
leader, integration specialist, integration checklist
Payload Team
Tulika
Payload team
leader, payload research,
construction, payload analysis
Suhas
Payload
research, construction,
payload checklist, payload analysis
David
Payload research and electronics,
payload analysis, document editor
in chief
Larissa
Payload
research, construction,
payload analysis
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Facilities and Equipment
Facilities
1. Planning, discussion, design concept and writing will occur in the conference rooms of DNASTAR located at 3801 Regent Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, on the weekends.
2. Construction of the rocket will occur at University of Wisconsin Space
Place located at 2300 South Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53713, on the weekends.
3. Construction of the payload container will also occur at University of
Wisconsin Space Place located at 2300 South Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53713, on the weekends.
4. Preparation of the payload contents will occur at a University of
Wisconsin laboratory, in a clean room, specific laboratory to be decided, on the weekends.
5. Additional manufacturing of the payload and/or result analysis will
occur at Ms. Hager’s and Ms. Barnard’s labs (both are biology teachers), located at Madison West High School, 30 Ash Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53726.
6. Team Organizational Meetings will occur during lunchtime on Mondays
at Madison West High School, located at 30 Ash Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53726.
7. Launching of low-powered scale model rockets will occur on
weekends from November through April, at Reddan Soccer Park located at 6874 Cross Country Road, Verona, Wisconsin, 53593. Large Model Rocket Launch notification will made made to comply with FAA regulations Part 101. NFPA code 1122 and NAR Model Rocket Safety Code will be followed during these launches.
8. Launching of high-powered rockets will occur at Richard Bong
Recreational Area located in Southeast Wisconsin at 26313 Burlington Road, Kansasville, Wisconsin, 53189. We will obtain Power Rocket Altitude waivers from the FAA prior to high power launches. High power launches will coincide with the high power launch of WOOSH, Section #558 of the NAR.
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Personnel
Name Role or Area of Expertise Ms. Christine Hager School Advisor, Educational SupervisorDr. Pavel Pinkas NAR Mentor, Scientific Advisor Mr. Scott Goebel NAR Mentor, High Power Rocketry
Advisor Mr. Brent Lillesand NAR Mentor, Vehicle Construction
Supervisor Prof. Edwin Eloranta Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences,
Bacteria Collection Advisor Mr. Rehan Quraishi Junior Mentor, Vehicle Design and
Construction Advisor Dr. Shanteri Singh Assistant Scientist at Pharmaceutical
Sciences School of Pharmacy Dr. Don Michalski Electronics Design and Construction
Supervisor
Equipment and Supplies
Equipment: Band saws Box cutters Drill bits Hacksaws Hand saws Philips/flathead screwdrivers Pliers, clippers Ring and C-clamps Rulers and yardsticks Sandpaper and sanding blocks Scroll saws Soldering and hot air rework station Various sizes of vices Wire strippers Various soldering stations (3 total) X-acto knives
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Power Tools Belt sander Cordless drill Dremel tool and attachments (4 Dremel tools total) Drill press (2 total) Hand drill Hydraulic press Jig saw Table saw
Supplies Accelerator and de-bonder for superglue Agar (for payload) Batteries varying in size and voltage, to power electronics Breathing masks, used when cutting fiberglass Electric tape Filters for payload First aid kit Latex gloves, safety goggles Masking tape Solder, flux JB Weld glue Cyano-acrylate glue (superglue) West Epoxy (resin, fast and slow hardeners, assorted fillers) Ethyl-alcohol (for epoxy thinning and cleanup) Various minor electronic components (resistors, capacitors, LEDs)
Payload Specific Tools and Supplies Fluorescence microscope (for payload analysis) Agar (for bacteria culturing) Sterile hood (for preparing payload) Ethyl-alcohol Fan component Microscope slides and coverslips Petri dishes (for payload) Propyl-alcohol Staining agent (for payload)
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Rocket Components Fiberglass fabric 4-inch fiberglass tubing G10 Sheets of fiberglass Kevlar cords and ribbons Lock’N’Load motor retention kit Nose cone Parallax GPS module Parallax Propeller chips and development boards PerfectFlite altimeter PerfectFlite timer Plywood centering rings, sheet s and bulkheads Quick links Rail buttons Screws, nuts, T-nuts, washers, spring washers, etc. U-Bolts, I-Bolts
Computer Equipment:
School Computers: - 500MHz-900MHz, 128MB-384MB RAM - Windows 98, XP - Able to use MAC G3-G5 Student Personal Computers’ Range:
- 1.60 - 3.06 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo Processor - 1 - 4 GB RAM - 40 – 830 GB Hard Drive - iMac and Mac Book Pro, 256 - 512MB Graphic Card, 860-8800
NVIDIA GeForce GS and, 667-800 MHz DDR2 SDRAM – 4GB - The team members possess six laptop computers in total.
Internet Connection: - School Computers - T3 connection for Internet - DNASTAR - T1 connection and an internal wireless network (801b/g/n) - Home – DSL 768Kbps-6.0Mbps (download), 256Kbps-1.5Mbps
(upload) Computer Accessible Programs:
- Adobe Creative Suite 3.3 Design Premium Edition - Adobe Illustrator - Apogee – RockSim 6.92 - Firefox, Safari and Internet Explorer Browsers - Google Sketchup 3D Design - MS Outlook - Microsoft Office 2003-2008
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Communication:
The SLI team will be communicating via email. All SLI members have a personal email account. There is also a group e-mail address that allows addressing the whole team by sending a message to a single e-mail address ([email protected]). This format has worked with great efficiency for the last four years.
We also meet every week at DNASTAR for research and development session. Instant Messaging, Website Postings, Personal Contact and phone are other frequently used ways of contact. Finally, we have a calendar on the URL http://calendar.westrocketry.com which allows all rocket club members to view upcoming events.
Web Presence:
All of our previous and current rocketry project are linked our main website (http://www.westrocketry.com). The specific SLI 2009 project web page shall be created upon the approval of the SLI Grant Proposal.
Video Teleconferencing:
Our SLI 2009 team will use the UW Extension at the Pyle Center for Video Teleconferencing facilities.
Contact Dr. Rosemary Lehman for information about Firewall issues.
UW Extension Pyle Center 702 Langdon St. Madison WI, 53706 Fax: 608-236-4435 Phone: 608-262-7524 [email protected]
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Section 508 Compliance
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board Electronic and Information Technology (EIT) Accessibility Standards (36 CFR Part 1194)
The team will implement required parts of Section 508, namely
§ 1194.21 Software applications and operating systems (all items) § 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and applications
(all items) § 1194.26 Desktop and portable computers (all items)
o § 1194.23 Telecommunications products (items (k)(1) through (4)) as referenced by § 1194.26
The team carefully reviewed the above listed sections and consulted the same with two senior software engineers at DNASTAR, Inc. (a bioinformatics software company).
Re: § 1194.21: The team is using MS Windows and Mac OS-X based computers. Both Microsoft and Apple are strong supporters of Section 508 and all installation of MS Windows and Mac OS-X are complete including the access assistive features. All third party software used in the SLI project is claimed as Section 508 compliant by the software company producing the software (Microsoft, Apple, Adobe).
Software and firmware developed by the students during the project will be verified for Section 508 compliance by senior software engineers from DNASTAR Inc. All found violations will be fixed prior software deployment.
Re: § 1194.22: The rocket club website (http://www.westrocketry.com) has been checked for Section 508 compliance using various automated validators (such as http://section508.info). No violations have been found.
The website specific to the proposed project will be periodically subjected to the same selection of tests and the webmaster will remove all found violations in a timely manner.
Re: § 1194.26: All computers used by the team members and educators are Section 508 compliant. No computer has been modified beyond the manufacturer approved upgrades.
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Safety
Local NAR mentors
NAR Mentor: Brent Lillesand
Home Address: 4809 Jade Ln, Madison, Wi 53714
Work Phone: (608) 243-3273
Home Phone: (608) 243-3273 (same)
E-mail Address: [email protected]
HPR Certification: NAR Level 3
Mr. Lillesand has been a mentor to the Madison West Rocket Club since 2005, and has provided each TARC and SLI team with specialized equipment and expertise from his own model rocketry experience. Mr. Lillesand will be supervising vehicle construction and testing.
NAR Mentor: Dr. Pavel Pinkas
Home Address: 1763 Norman Way, Madison, WI 53705
Work Phone: (608) 237-3067
Home Phone: (608) 238-5933
E-mail Address: [email protected]
HPR Certification: NAR Level 1
Dr. Pinkas has been a mentor to the Madison West Rocket Club since its inception in 2003. He has been a key figure in the club’s success, including the Team America Rocketry Challenge in 2004-2008, and the Student Launch Initiative program in 2005-2008.
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Written Safety Plan Description of NAR Personnel Tasks
NAR Safety Requirements
A. Certification and Operating Clearances: Mr Lillesand holds a Level 3 NAR certification. Dr. Pinkas has completed Level 1 certification and will complete Level 2 certification at the earliest launch opportunity (prior March 2009). Mr. Lillesand has a Low Explosives User Permit (LEUP).
B. HPR Flights: All HPR flights will be conducted only during launch
sessions covered by an HPR waiver, especially the WOOSH/NAR Section #558 10,000ft waiver for Richard Bong Recreation Area launch site.
C. LMR Flights: All LMR flights will be conducted only at the launches with the FAA notification phoned in at least 24 hours prior to the launch.
D. Safety Codes: NAR and NFPA Safety Codes for model rockets and high-powered rockets will be obeyed at all times.
E. Motors: All motors purchased and used in our vehicle will be NAR-certified rocket motors through our NAR mentors. Mentors will handle all motors and ejection charges.
F. Construction of Rocket: We will construct our vehicle using only
recommended and suitable materials made by established manufactures, under the supervision of our NAR mentors. NAR standards regarding materials and construction methods will be obeyed. Reliable methods of recovery will be used in the retrieval of our vehicle. Motors will be used that fall within the NAR HPR Level 2 impulse limits, as well as though SLI program impulse limits. Lightweight materials such as fiberglass and carbon-fiber tubing will be used to ensure that the vehicle is below the engine’s maximum liftoff weight. The program “RockSim” will be used to help design and test the stability of our rocket to minimize the probability of errant flight. Scale models of the rocket will be built and flown to demonstrate rocket stability.
G. Payload: Our payload does not contain hazardous materials and
cannot potentially harm the environment. Our NAR mentors will check the payload to ensure proper setup and to help prevent unforeseen problems.
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H. Launch Conditions: Test launches will be carried out at Richard I. Bong Recreation Area under the supervision of our mentors. FAA, NFPA, and NAR safety regulations regarding launch angles and weather conditions will be followed. Team members will exercise caution in launching and recovering rocket components after flight. Weather conditions, such as high winds, low clouds, limited visibility, and increased fire hazards will cause postponement of launch.
I. Hazardous Materials: All hazardous materials will be purchased,
handled, and stored by our NAR mentors. The use of hazardous chemicals in rocket construction (such as epoxy resin) will be overseen by NAR mentors, and proper safety techniques, such as gloves, goggles, and proper ventilation, will be used. Material Safety Data Sheets will be available for reference at all times.
J. Compliance with Laws and Environmental Regulations: All team members and mentors will conduct themselves responsibly and construct the vehicle and payload with regard to environmental regulations. We will be sure to minimize the effects of the launch on the environment. The vehicle will be operated in the accordance to all applicable environmental and local laws, as well as the NAR safety codes. All recoverable waste will be disposed of properly. We will spare no efforts in recovering the vehicle if it drifts away. Properly inspected, filled and primed fire extinguishers will be on hand at the launch site.
K. Mentors and Education: Mentors and experienced rocketry team
members will take time to teach new members the basics of rocket safety. All team members will be taught about the hazards of rocketry and how to respond to them; for example, fires, errant trajectories, and environmental hazards. Students will attend mandatory meetings and pay attention to pertinent emails prior participation in any of our launches to ensure their safety. A mandatory safety briefing will be held prior each launch. Adult supervisors will make sure the launch area is clear and that all students are properly observing the launch. Our NAR mentors will ensure that any electronics included in the vehicle are disarmed until all essential pre-launch preparations are finished. All hazardous and flammable materials, such as ejection charges and motors, will be constructed and put into effect by our NAR-certified mentor, complying with NAR regulations. Each launch will be announced and preceded by a countdown (in accordance with NAR safety codes).
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L. Hazardous Chemicals: In all working documents, all sections describing the use of dangerous chemicals will be highlighted. We will use proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) when working with chemicals such as epoxy resin. MSDS documentation will be on hand at all times for reference. All work done on construction of the vehicle will be supervised by NAR mentors, who will ensure use of PPE and proper safety techniques at all times when handling dangerous tools and materials.
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Risk, Consequences and Mitigations
RISK
CONSEQUENCE
MITIGATION
Physical Risks
Saws, knives, Dremel tools, band saw
Laceration All members will use PPE and proper procedures to minimize risk
Sandpaper, fiberglass
Abrasion All members will use PPE and proper procedures to minimize risk
Drill press Puncture Wound All members will use PPE and proper procedures to minimize risk
Soldering gun Burns All members will use PPE and proper procedures to minimize risk
Workshop risks Personal injury, material damage
All workshop proceedings will be supervised by one or more NAR mentors in a well-lit, well-ventilated environment.
Toxicity Risks
Epoxy, enamel paints and primer, superglue
Toxic fumes Workshop will be well-ventilated and there will be minimal use of fume-emitting substances.
Epoxy, enamel paints and primer, superglue
Toxic substance consumption
All members will follow safety procedures and will follow emergency procedures should ingestion of toxic chemicals take place.
Vehicle/Payload Risks
Unstable rocket Errant flight RockSim program and scale model
flights will ensure rocket stability Improper motor mounting
Damage or destruction of rocket
Motor construction and installation will be overseen by NAR mentor and usage will be in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations
Rocket structure Rocket structural failure
Rocket will be constructed from durable materials to minimize risk
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Propellant malfunction
Engine explosion All members will follow NAR Safety Code for HPR, especially safe distance requirements. Attention of launch participants will be required
Parachute Parachute failure Parachute packaging will be double-checked by team members. Deployment of parachutes will be verified during static testing.
Payload Payload failure/malfunction
Team members will double-check all possible failure points on payload
Launch rail failure Errant flight NAR Safety Code will be observed to protect all members and spectators
Separation failure Parachutes fail to deploy
Separation joints will be properly lubricated and inspected before launch.
Ejection falsely triggered
Unexpected ignition, personal/property damage
Proper arming and disarming procedures will be followed. External switches will control all rocket electronics
Tracking/Recovery failure
Samples and sampling data are lost
Multiple tracking methods will be used
Transportation damage
Possible aberrations in launch, flight, and recovery
Rocket will be properly packaged for transportation and inspected prior to launch
Table 1: Risks, consequences and mitigations
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Technical Design
Vehicle description
Our rocket is capable of carrying a 5ft/5lbs payload section to the altitude of 5280ft (I mile) using a K-class motor (2560Ns maximum total impulse). Our rocket will be constructed out of lightweight, sturdy materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, and plastics. It will be put together with epoxies, tie rods, anchoring screws, and T-nuts to maximize overall sturdiness and robustness. Bulkheads, connectors, and TTW (through the wall) fin design will also contribute to durability and safety. Challenges in vehicle design will be keeping the rocket as light as possible without sacrificing its structural integrity.
Figure 1: 2D blueprint of the proposed vehicle
Vehicle Dimensions
PARAMETER VALUE UNITS
Length 106.25 in
Diameter 4.00 in
Fin Span 13.00 in
Liftoff Weight 22.22 lbs
Center of Gravity (from nose tip) 70.00 in
Center of Pressure (from nose tip) 83.00 in
Static Margin 3.25 calibers
Table 2: Vehicle dimensions
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Figure 2: 3D rendering of the proposed vehicle. The main parachute is partially stored in the nosecone, the drogue parachute is below the electronics bay. Payload occupies the bottom part of the vehicle.
Vehicle design and simulations were done in RockSim CAD application. According to our simulations, the AeroTech-K780R motor is the best choice to meet the 1 mile mark with the 5lbs payload. Other motors, such as the AMW-K600WW would also work but the thrust profile of the K780 more accurately fits the altitude goal and also provides sufficient thrust to weight ratio thus ensuring a safe liftoff. The following graph shows the projected flight profile with the K780R. The altitude projected is 6180 ft, but based on our TARC experiences, we project it will be closer to one mile as RockSim tends to overestimate apogees.
Figure 3: A simulated flight profile. The rocket will reach the estimated apogee of 6,200ft at 20s after the ignition. The drogue parachute deploys at apogee, the main parachute deploys at predetermined altitude.
We projected the change in apogee based on wind speed in 5-mph increments up to 20 mph, the maximum safe wind launch speed. The maximum change is 2.38% (or 147 feet).
Nosecone Flight computer
Payload Motor Fin set
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Motor Wind MPH Apogee ft % change
K780R 0 6180 0.00%
K780R 5 6167 0.23%
K780R 10 6134 0.76%
K780R 15 6088 1.49%
K780R 20 6033 2.38%
Table 3: Flight apogee vs. wind speed. The table shows that the flight apogee will change only by 2.38% (147ft) between 0mph and 20mph flight conditions.
Propulsion We ran several motor simulations with two different possible motors. Our preferred choice of the motor for the rocket is the Aerotech K780 Redline. AMW K600 White Wolf is our secondary choice and may come into play if the flight tests indicate that the rocket is not likely to reach the target altitude of 1 mile.
Motor AeroTech K780 Redline
Diameter 75 mm
Length 289 mm
Burn time 3.49 sec
Total impulse 2358 Ns
Average thrust 675.74 Ns
Estimated maximum velocity 470 mph
Estimated maximum acceleration 10 g
Table 4: Motor parameters for the primary propulsion choice (K780R)
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Figure 4: Thrust profile for K780R motor. The thrust gradually reaches it maximum of 950N at 1.0s after the ignition. The slower thrust buildup and sustained burn are a good match for our payload which will have several moving parts and could suffer a damage if a motor with more aggressive ignition spike had been used.
Alternate motors
Table 5: First and second motor choice parameters. The K780R is our primary choice of propulsion, however should we need more total impulse, the K600WW will fit our rocket as well. The rocket can launch from a standard launch rail using either motor (no more than 6ft of guidance needed before the rocket reaches stable flight velocity).
Manufacturer Motor Diameter Total Impulse
Propellant Type
1. Aerotech K780 75.0mm 2361.06Ns Redline
2. Animal Motor Works
K600 75.0mm 2501.38Ns White Wolf
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Figure 5: Simulated acceleration profile of the proposed rocket during the flight with K780R motor. The acceleration will not present a major challenge for the rocket and payload robustness.
Vehicle requirements and objectives
1. Rocket should reach an altitude of 1 mile (simulations show that our rocket will reach 6,180ft using K780R motor and should leave us with a sufficient margin to compensate for the difference between simulated and real vehicle.)
2. The K780R motor uses solid ammonium perchlorate based propellant. The motor total impulse is 2,361Ns.
3. Both the vehicle and payload are reusable.
4. The preparation time will not exceed 4 hours. The payload will be prepared in advance in the lab and the actual launch preparation includes only preparation of dual deployment and propulsion for the vehicle.
5. Various tracking devices will be placed in the vehicle to allow for easy location and recovery. We plan to use GPS with telemetry signal, radio beacon and acoustic beacon (140dB screamer).
6. Both rocket and payload must withstand acceleration up to 15g (rocket will be constructed from fiberglass tubing, G10 sheets (for fins), and West Epoxy, an industrial-strength epoxy glue will be used as adhesive. The fins will be mounted through the wall to improve robustness.
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7. Rocket carries a scientific payload and the payload is not time critical (the experiment is triggered by the flight computer during flight).
8. Rocket must be successfully recovered, using dual deployment technique.
9. Payload bay must be recovered without damage or debris contamination.
10. Rocket must be reusable (parachute recovery will be employed).
11. Standard launch rail can be used for launching our rocket. No more than 6ft of launch guidance is needed for the rocket to reach the stable flight velocity.
12. The vehicle has no forward canards, the maximum velocity does not exceed Mach 1, the only motor is the primary propulsion and a standard dual deployment is used for ejection (no rear ejection).
13. The rocket separates at apogee to deploy the drogue parachute. The main parachute is expected to deploy around 3,000ft to allow the operation of the payload above the planetary boundary layer. However, if the weather or launch site conditions do not allow for high deployment, the flight computer can be easily reprogrammed so the rocket is not lost to drift.
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Major Challenges and solutions
1. Integration of payload with vehicle. The payload design calls for 10 openings in the inner compartments: eight intakes and two exhausts. If the payload and vehicle are not properly integrated, the vents may not line-up and the airflow through the bacteria collectors will be limited or obstructed completely. There must be sufficient communication between the two teams (payload team and vehicle team) to ensure that these problems do not arise.
2. Payload damage due to the excessive acceleration during boost.
We have selected our primary motor to provide a gentle delivery of the payload without operating the rocket underpowered.
3. Payload size and impulse limit. We need to carefully balance the
size of our payload and impulse limit of our vehicle. In order to provide more space for the payload we have decided to use 75mm motor which is shorter than a 54mm motor of a similar impulse.
4. Ejection and deployment of parachutes. The collection of bacteria
must occur during the descent and sufficient time must be provided for the payload to process enough air to get a representative sample. Failure to fully deploy the main parachute would mean a failure of our experiment. Static ejection tests will be conducted in addition to the test flights to ensure that the ejection and deployment function flawlessly.
5. Rocket recovery after landing. In order to sample the air above the
atmospheric boundary layer (which can be located at different altitudes), the main parachutes may need to be deployed at an altitude of up to 4000ft. The drift in windy weather could become a severe problem. We will use an audio beacon (screamer), a radio beacon, a GPS transponder, and a telemetry system to locate the vehicle after it has landed. Additionally, the deployment altitude of the main parachute can be easily reprogrammed to fit both the parameters of the launch site and the weather conditions at the launch.
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Experimental Design
Our objective is to determine the bacterial concentrations at different altitudes below and above the planetary boundary layer (peploshpere). The boundary layer is a fairly recent addition to the scientific knowledge of our atmosphere and the term refers to the lowest level of the atmosphere which is affected by convection and the close proximity of surface features (orography).
Figure 6: Examples of bacteria. Bacteria play many important roles in our everyday life (both as ‘friends’ and ‘foes’) and thus are frequent topic of scientific research. Left: Geobacter sulfurreducens — a bacteria made to sprout conducting nanowires (source: http://technology.newscientist.com/article/dn9526-bacteria-to-sprout-conducting-nanowires.html). Right: Bacteria viewed under a Gram-stain (source : http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/174980/709/Bacteria-isolated-and-coloured-with-Gram-stain).
In theory, perfect mixing occurs beneath the atmospheric boundary layer and the airborne particles are approximately equally dispersed. The heat from the sun causes the air near the ground to rise to higher altitudes. Air typically ascends at a rate of 2-3 meters per second or slower, if wind is not a factor. The decrease in temperature at increased altitudes lessens air convection, and the limited range of convection thus creates the boundary layer that exhibits different behavior than the free atmosphere.
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Figure 7: Depiction of the boundary layer. The clouds tend to form above the boundary layer and their formation can be caused by a presence of bacteria. For example it is known that Pseudomonas Syringae (a common bacterium) carries protein promoting cohesion of water molecules (which can lead to water condensation and cloud formation). Source: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/research/themes/pbl
Since bacteria are airborne and travel on the dust particles, the levels of bacteria at different altitudes below the boundary layer are theoretically constant (because of the perfect mixing). It is also known that the peplopause (a layer directly above the peplosphere) can serve as reservoir of the material that convection brought up from the surface, even though only small portion of particles escapes from the boundary layer to the free atmosphere.
Figure 8: A photograph of boundary layer. the dark violet and light blue show the extent of the boundary layer. Above the boundary layer, the humidity levels drop due to intense sun exposure. Source: http://randomcuriosity.com/mt/
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Above the boundary layer, cooler temperatures decrease relative humidity. Additionally, the intensity of the UV light is significantly higher and UV light can severely damage the bacteria. However, it is known that high elevation bacteria have adapted to these arid conditions by forming special enzymes that enable the cell to repair itself. This adaption makes it possible for bacteria to survive in the arid conditions above the boundary layer.
On-going research led atmospheric scientists to believe that bacteria play a key role in cloud formation. For example, one common bacterium, Pseudomonas Syringae, has a protein which promotes cohesion of water molecules. Once sufficient condensation has occurred, a cloud forms. Cloud formation and weather patterns might be important indicator of bacterial presence above the boundary layer.
Despite extensive research, the baseline for atmospheric bacterial concentrations has not yet been established. A deep understanding of bacteria migration and concentrations in different levels of the atmosphere could lead to more accurate prediction of local weather patterns or better warning systems against spreading epidemics
We plan to investigate the differences between bacterial concentrations below and above the boundary layer and correlate the measured bacterial concentrations with the atmospheric data collected during the flight.
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Payload Schematic
This is one of the two identical samplers that are found in the payload of our rocket. There are four major compartments in the cylindrical body. C is the control section. A1, A2, and A3 are the three sampler sections for the three altitude ranges to be sampled. The meshed intake opening is rotated by the stepper motor in order to open/close the A1, A2, and A3 sections at appropriate altitude ranges. When a section is open for sampling, the fan pulls air through the filters. The air first gets purified of unnecessary particles and airborne debris when it passes through the 1 micron filter. Next the air is pulled through the 0.22 micron filter, at which stage the bacteria get caught in the filter. The air exits the sampler through the exhaust. The exhaust is valved to prevent back flow.
Figure 9: Payload schematics
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Experiment Flow Chart
1
2
3
4
5
6
1) Bacteria found on ground and the
vegetation are taken up by the wind and thermal currents (convection).
2) Bacteria gather in clumps on minute
particles in the atmosphere. 3) On descent, our sampler collects
bacteria on microscopic filters at various altitudes. We will also have one filter as a control located in the payload, in order to obtain the baseline for our measurement. This control will not have any exposure to the outside air.
4) In the lab, we will count the relative
number of bacteria using fluorescent probes. In addition, we will use various stains to classify and possibly identify the bacteria. For example, GRAM stain differentiates between GRAM-positive and GRAM-negative bacteria.
5) We will record our data comparing the
different bacteria concentrations at varying altitudes. Also, we will analyze the relationships between bacterial concentrations and collected atmospheric data.
6) We will summarize our findings and
evaluate our results in a written report.
Figure 10: Experiment Flow Chart
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Flight Sequence
Figure 11: Example of a flight sequence. On the ascent the rocket flies through the boundary layer and the flight computer detects the top end of the boundary layer by real-time analysis of the atmospheric data collected by the humidity and temperature sensor. In this example, the boundary layer ends at 2,300ft AGL. The drogue parachute deploys at apogee and the rocket quickly descents 3,000ft. The main parachute opens at 3,000ft and the sampling section A begins to collect the airborne bacteria. When the altitude of 2,300ft is reached, the sampling section A closes and the section B opens. After traveling another 700ft, the sampling section B closes and the section C opens. Prior the touchdown, the section C closes.
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Flight Sequence
A typical flight sequence is shown on the Figure 11. The flight computer will collect the atmospheric data during ascent to apogee and perform in-flight data analysis to detect the top end of the boundary layer. Sampling ranges will be determined based on the results of this analysis. Three different altitude ranges will be sampled, one above the boundary layer and two below. The rocket will land with all sampling sections closed to prevent the contamination of the samples.
A modified dual recovery scheme is utilized. The drogue parachute is deployed at apogee, however the main parachute is deployed at the top of the sampling range #1. If the weather conditions do not allow for high altitude main parachute deployment, the flight sequence can be easily modified by reprogramming the flight computer (for example to enforce a lower altitude of main parachute deployment). A compromise between the size of sampling ranges and the danger of the rocket drifting away will be considered and balanced prior the launch.
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Once the rocket lands, we will remove the payload and ensure its sterility by keeping it sealed. All the bacteria caught in the filter will be dead due to the high speed impact upon collection, however this will not prevent their detection under the microscope. After our flight, we will bring the sealed payload to the UW Biochemistry Lab for analysis. Scientists will assist as we retrieve the filter from the sampling module in a sterile UV hood. We will then stain the filters with fluorescent probes, and examine the various samples under a microscope in the lab’s dark room. We will quantify the bacterial concentrations of each filter, then differentiate between types of bacteria. Image analysis software can be used for automatic bacteria counting.
Figure 12: An example of how bacteria would look under a fluorescent microscope. Source: www. freewebs.com/bnip1/segmentation.htm
We can then relate the concentrations of bacteria to the presence of the Boundary Layer. Additionally, we will track the path of bacterial movement through the atmosphere by analysis of factors such as wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, ground features and our lab findings.
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Independent and Dependent Variables
Independent Variables H Relative humidity
P Atmospheric pressure
T Temperature
A Altitude
Dependent Variables X Amount of bacteria collected
N Different types of bacteria collected
B Boundary layer altitude (calculated from T and H)
Primary Correlations X=F(A) Bacteria concentrations in relation to altitude
The concentration of bacteria vs. altitude is our primary research interest.
T=F(A) Temperature in relation to altitude
H=F(A) Relative humidity in relation to altitude
The temperature and humidity trends will be used to determine where the boundary layer lies on the launch date and the sampling ranges will be based on the result of this analysis (carried out during the flight).
Other Possible Corellations X=F(H) Bacteria concentrations in relation to relative humidity
X=F(P) Bacteria concentrations in relation to atmospheric pressure X=F(T) Bacteria concentrations in relation to temperature.
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Challenges and Solutions
Payload Challenges Sterility during construction, transportation and post flight analysis is most critical for this experiment. There are two filters in the payload that separate bigger particles from bacteria. Sterility poses a significant challenge during payload preparation and analysis.
A sufficient airflow through the filters will be needed in order to process enough air to get measurable amounts of bacteria. The micron sized filter will cause pressure loss in the system and powerful fans will be needed.
Another payload challenge lies in designing a program to control parachute deployment, temperature, humidity, and wind speed data collection. The program will have to analyze the atmospheric data collected during ascent to apogee and divide the descent trajectory into sampling ranges. The short duration of the flight to apogee is a serious challenge and fast humidity and temperature sensors will be needed to collect data with sufficient frequency.
Solutions The sterility is the main issue for this payload. We will be using a hood from the Biochemistry department at the UW-Madison to build our payload. We will then autoclave our payload and place in a plastic container or bag to avoid contamination during transportation. Directly before the launch, we will scrub the entire rocket with ethanol to further prevent contamination. After the flight, we will keep the payload intact in order to avoid contamination between samples or outside air bacteria.
Squirrel cage fan or staged fans are considered to provide a sufficient air flow through the bacteria samplers.
Our lead programmer will work with experienced computer professionals and electric engineers to design data-collection and flight control electronics. The researchers from the Department of Atmospheric Sciences will be consulted to determine a robust boundary layer detection algorithm.
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Outreach
Community Support
We have met with Professor Eloranta from the department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, as well as several local bacteriologists when designing our experiment. Thanks to the support of the scientific community we have been able to revise our original ideas and develop an experiment that is likely to succeed and provide valuable data.
Our meetings are hosted by DNASTAR, Inc., a local bioinformatics company. We have access to the conference rooms equipped with the latest projection technology and we are also allowed to use their high speed network.
UW Space Place, an outreach center of University of Wisconsin, provides room for the construction of our rockets. The Space and Astronomy Lab at UW assists us with design and implementation of custom flight electronics.
Our club is now an established provider of yardwork in Madison and our annual fall leaf raking campaign is a highly successful fundraiser that provides funds for many of our expenses.
The club also provides steady stream of volunteer for public television and public radio fundraising drives and while this is not a direct display of our work or interests, it gives the opportunity to provide public service in the name of our club.
Outreach Programs
On 9/13/08, several members of the Rocket club participated in an event with approximately 1,000 girl scouts, helping them build and launch rockets (we estimate that over 100 rocket were built and launched). The majority of our SLI team attended, as well as members of our other SLI team and altogether we have donated 240 person-hours of outreach work. Once we receive the verified counts from the Girl Scouts Council we will report all flights made to the NAR for their 50th anniversary program. Additionally, an article about the event will be submitted to the Sport Rocketry magazine.
We plan to seek more opportunities to help schools various youth organizations with their rocket programs and events.
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At our own school, we have recruited several new members to participate in TARC this year, with most of them being freshman. Numerous veteran members will continue their participation in TARC contest.
We have started a redesign of our website and we will be adding materials that will help people seeking assistance with rocketry programs to find and contact us easily.
We will also actively seek an opportunity to organize yet another launch for a youth organization or middle school. We will contact Boy and Girl Scout organizations in our area, as well as the middle school science teachers and offer our help running a building session followed by the launch.
At the moment we do not have excess funds to provide rocket kits however we will assist the organization with contacting the major suppliers (such as Estes or Quest) and requesting a donation of the kits and launch supplies.
Figure 13: Captured moments from the Girl Scouts launch on September 13th. Top-left: the construction and vehicle preparation area, top-right: team member David working with the participants, bottom-left: team member Jacob assisting in prelaunch operations, bottom-right: a successful dual launch of two Viper vehicles, both propelled by a class A motor.
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Budget Full Scale Vehicle
o Parts for Full Scale Rocket Nosecone $20.00 Body $300.00 Parachutes $100.00 Fins $100.00 Other Parts $100.00
o Preliminary Flight Motors $400.00 o Final Flight Motors $150.00
Scale Model
o Parts for Scale Model $70.00 o Scale Model Motors $60.00
Payload
o Altimeters $220.00 o Fans $80.00 o Filters $80.00 o Stains $130.00 o Custom Electronics $50.00 o Tubing $100.00
Tracking
o Tracking System (beacon only) $150.00 Miscellaneous
o Tools, glues, screws, etc. $150.00 Travel Contribution
Van Rental, Gasoline, Hotel, etc. $1200.00
Total: $3460.00 Travel and Lodging Expenses Number of travelers: 10 (8 team members, 1 teacher, 1 mentor)
Traveling by plane: 9 x $400 (estimated) = $3,600.00
Ground support vehicle: $400 (gasoline) + $400 (rental) = $800.00
Lodging: 5 rooms x 4 nights x $119.00 (est.) = $2,380.00 Travel/Lodging Total = $6,780.00
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The total estimated travel/lodging expenses for a team of 8 members, a teacher and a mentor are $6,780.00. NASA contributes $1,200.00 and the team will pay the remaining amount of $5,580.00. We will explore various possibilities of acquiring the needed funds, either through sponsors, fundraising or personal contribution by the team members.
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Calendar
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Educational Standards A) Wisconsin’s Model Academic Standards
English/Language Arts
Reading and Literature
A.12.4 Students will read to acquire information
• Analyze and synthesize the concepts and details encountered in
informational texts such as reports, technical manuals, historical papers, and government documents
• Draw on and integrate information from multiple sources when acquiring knowledge and developing a position on a topic of interest
Writing
B.12.1 Create or produce writing to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes
• Prepare and publish technical writing such as memos, applications, letters, reports and resumes for various audiences, attending to details of layout and format as appropriate to purpose
B.12.2 Plan, revise, edit and publish clear and effective writing.
Oral Language
C.12.1 Prepare and deliver formal oral presentations appropriate to specific purposes and audiences
Language
D.12.1 Develop their vocabulary and ability to use words, phrases, idioms, and various grammatical structures as a means of improving communication
Media and Technology
E.04.3 Create products appropriate to audience and purpose
• Write news articles appropriate for familiar media
E.12.1 Use computers to acquire, organize, analyze, and communicate
information
Research and Inquiry
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F.12.1 Conduct research and inquiry on self-selected or assigned topics, issues, or problems and use an appropriate form to communicate their findings.
• Formulate questions addressing issues or problems that can be answered through a well defined and focused investigation
• Use research tools found in school and college libraries, take notes collect and classify sources, and develop strategies for finding and recording information
• Conduct interviews, taking notes or recording and transcribing oral
information, then summarizing the results
• Develop research strategies appropriate to the investigation, considering methods such as questionnaires, experiments and field studies
• Organize research materials and data, maintaining a note-taking system
that includes summary, paraphrase, and quoted material
• Evaluate the usefulness and credibility of data and sources by applying tests of evidence including bias, position, expertise, adequacy, validity, reliability, and date
• Analyze, synthesize, and integrate data, drafting a reasoned report that supports and appropriately illustrates inferences and conclusions drawn from research
• Present findings in oral and written reports, correctly citing sources
Mathematics
Mathematical Processes
A.12.4 Develop effective oral and written presentations employing correct
mathematical terminology, notation, symbols, and conventions for mathematical arguments and display of data
A.12.5 Organize work and present mathematical procedures and results clearly, systematically, succinctly, and correctly
Number Operations and Relationships
B.12.6 Routinely assess the acceptable limits of error when
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• evaluating strategies
• testing the reasonableness of results
• using technology to carry out computations
Geometry
C.12.1 Identify, describe, and analyze properties of figures, relationships among figures, and relationships among their parts by constructing physical models
C.12.2 Use geometric models to solve mathematical and real-world problems
C.12.5 Identify and demonstrate an understanding of the three ratios used in right triangle trigonometry
Measurement
D.12.1 Identify, describe, and use derived attributes (e.g., density, speed
acceleration, pressure) to represent and solve problem situations
D.12.2 Select and use tools with appropriate degree of precision to determine measurements directly within specifies degrees of accuracy and error
Statistics and Probability
E.12.1 Work with data in the context of real-world situations by
• Formulating hypotheses that lead to collection and analysis of one and two variable data
• Designing a data collection plan that considers random sampling, control groups, the role of assumptions, etc.
• Conducting an investigation based on that plan
• Using technology to generate displays, summary statistics, and
presentations
Algebraic Relationships
F.12.2 Use mathematical functions (e.g., linear, exponential, quadratic, power) in a variety of ways, including
• using appropriate technology to interpret properties of their graphical representations (e.g., intercepts, slopes, rates of change, changes in rates of change, maximum, minimum)
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F.12.4 Model and solve a variety of mathematical and real-world problems by using algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities
Science
Science Connections
A.12.3 Give examples that show how partial systems, models and explanations are used to give quick and reasonable solutions that are accurate enough for basic needs
A.12.5 Show how the ideas and themes of science can be used to make real-life decisions about careers, work places, life-styles, and use of resources
Science Inquiry
C.12.2 Identify issues from an area of science study, write questions that could by investigated, review previous research on these questions, and design and conduct responsible and safe investigations to help answer the questions
C.12.6 Present the results of investigations to groups concerned with the issues, explaining the meaning and implications of the results, and answering questions in terms the audience can understand
Motions and Forces
D.12.7 Qualitatively and quantitatively analyze changes in the motion of objects and the forces that act on them and represent analytical data both algebraically and graphically
Science Applications
G.12.1 Identify personal interests in science and technology, implications that these interests might have for future education, and decisions to be considered
G.12.2 Design, build, evaluate, and revise models and explanations related to the earth and space, life and environmental, and physical sciences
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B) National Science Education Standards
Science and Technology (9-12)
Content Standard E
Students should develop
• Abilities of technological design
• Understanding about science and technology
Science as Inquiry (9-12)
Content Standard A
Students should develop
• Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
• Understandings about scientific inquiry
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Rocket Program Sustainability
In School Program The rocketry program at Madison West High School is now in its sixth year, and it continues to provide a strong, compelling incentive for students to research unique science concepts and enhance their problem-solving skills. Incoming students are enrolled in the TARC program, where they attend classroom sessions taught by the mentors in order to learn the basic rocketry knowledge and methodologies essential to the contest. Returning members are encouraged to participate in either 10K or NASA’s SLI program, in addition to TARC. In all these three programs, members are challenged to apply the rocketry concepts in order to both create and achieve a specific goal. Additionally, these returning members assist in the tutoring of newer participants, aiding in rocket design, building, and flight. Through such a system, older members assume leadership roles, and contribute to the sustainability of the club. The 10K program is a new program for the veteran students with interest in high power rocketry. A year of experience in TARC is a necessary prerequisite for the 10K enrollment. The program starts with a series of lectures explaining the concepts of high power rocketry in details. After the lecture series, the participants work towards their L1 certification (within the NAR HPR Jr. program) and eventually progress to a 10,000ft target altitude project with hybrid propulsion. Madison West Rocketry recruits new members during the fall season: the Freshman club carnival, West Fest, and daily announcements all showcase our club’s achievements, appealing to interested individuals.
Partnerships We are extensively involved in collaborations with experts at UW. At UW facilities, we are able to have analytical discussions with professionals regarding the feasibility and limitations of various potential experimental payloads. We developed such relationships with at least seven different departments, a variety providing us with experienced perspectives on our design and objectives. The UW Space Place outreach center graciously welcomed us to use their workspace for building our rockets during work sessions.
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Our many meetings for project planning, document writing, practice presentations and design drafts occur at the well-equipped conference rooms of DNASTAR. The conference rooms are extremely useful, providing multiple workspaces and high-speed network capabilities. The facilities at DNASTAR are crucial to our research meetings and brainstorming sessions.
Grants In order to financially support our transportation we are intend to apply for various educational grants.
Mentors We now have at least four committed mentors who aid our group throughout all the stages of our well-established rocketry program. They patiently teach us and guide us in the planning, processing, writing, building, organization, and launching of our project. Our mentors dedicate much time and effort throughout the year; we greatly value their compassion and support.
Parents An increasing number of parents are taking interest in supporting our club’s meetings, fundraisers, membership recruitment, outreach projects, and launches. They not only provide food and transportation during the cold winter events and launches, but also uplift our spirits. Our parents are truly a great source of encouragement to our daring endeavors. Parents with scientific backgrounds often help us while proposing experiments or finding contacts at UW.
Outreach and Visibility In 2007/2008 our local news station, WKOW, came to one of our launches and interviewed our rocket club mentor in order to increase public awareness of the achievements of Madison West High’s rocket club. We hope to further develop our media presence this year. In September of 2008 we were invited by the Blackhawk Girl Scout Council to mentor and assist the girls in building and launching their troop rockets. Many of the several hundred girls had their very first rocketry experience that day. The excitement was palpable with enthusiastic girls counting down the launch sequence every five minutes the entire day. In addition to fostering an interest in rocketry among the girls, we increased our presence in the community.
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We are excited to further facilitate the many requests we have received from both Girl Scout troops and Boy Scout troops to introduce them to rocketry.
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Returning Team Project Our club has now been established for six consecutive years. With each passing year, our technologies improve and we continue to add to our vast base of scientific knowledge. Due to such a strong foundation, we are able to demand greater quality in our work and seek deeper challenges in our scientific research. SLI2009 proposing team developed an experiment sampling relative bacterial concentrations at various altitudes after thorough discussions with a professor at the Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, and the researchers at a Biochemistry laboratory at the Dept. of Pharmaceutical Research. We learned that the most feasible method for bacterial sampling from a rocket involves trapping the microbes in a filter, by forcing air through it. We were also made aware of the strict requirement of payload sterility necessary for obtaining accurate results. A crucial element to construction of our scientific payload is the sterility component. It will challenge our team to design intricate compartments to prevent contamination of samples. Additionally, construction of the payload must take place under a sterile UV hood. We hope that a control sample within our payload will clarify our margin of error and thus validate our results. We will also take two air samples at each altitude and use the redundancy to statistically verify our results. Our discussions at the Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences have greatly improved the design of our experiment. We learned of the presence of a Boundary Layer at around 3000 feet, under which rapid circulation of air increases the probability of finding bacteria. Above this zone, we hypothesize that the decrease in air currents will yield a lower relative concentration of bacteria. Due to uncertainty within present Boundary Layer research, we intend to measure humidity, wind speed, and air temperature at the various altitudes to relate altitude and the Boundary Level to the relative concentrations of bacteria in the air. The altitude of the boundary layers changes based on the ground features and current atmospheric conditions. Our payload will analyze the atmospheric conditions during ascent to apogee to find where the boundary layer is positioned at the launch time. The flight computer will then decide the altitude ranges for sampling. No other SLI project in our club used an in-flight data analysis for active control of the experiment. We are the first team in the history of our club to propose a flight with a dynamic schedule of payload events. The vehicle will feature a standard dual deployment, with the parachute bay and its E-bay separating from the payload and booster during landing. We will have different altimeter-based electronics to control various sections of the payload and parachute deployment. After recovering the rocket from its safe landing, we will ensure sterility of the payload samples by keeping the samples enclosed and sealed inside the
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payload until arrival at the UW lab. At the lab facility, we will be assisted by scientists in staining the filters with fluorescent probes to classify and quantify bacterial concentrations. We hope to obtain concrete data concerning bacteria levels in relation to the Boundary Level. Lastly, we will contribute our results to the U.W. Department of Pharmaceutical’s Biochemistry Lab, and aspire to have our conclusions printed in a scientific journal or rocketry magazine.
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Appendices
Appendix A: Resume for David David 3514 Topping Rd Madison, WI 53705 [email protected] Academic Experience: EAGLE School (1998-2007) Madison West High School (2007- Present (10th Grade)) 4.0 GPA Languages: English French (Intermediate) Volunteer Work: Wisconsin Public Television Volunteer (2007 – Present) Religious Congregation Volunteer for Food Pantry etc. (1999 - 2005) Volunteer for School Library (2005 - 2007) Academic Interests: Science – Biology and Physics Mathematics History – Post-Modern Era English – Shakespeare, Other Interests:
Rocketry, Design Graphics, Video Editing, Computer Programming, Rock Climbing, Skiing, Camping, Sailing, Windsurfing, Travel, Photography, Theater
Music: Piano (1998-2007)
Extra Curricular Activities: Madison West Rocket Club (2007 - Present) West Theater Sound Crew (2007 - Present) Science Olympiad (2005 - 2007) National Young Leaders Conference (2007) Washington Workshops (2007)
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Achievements, Honors and Awards: TARC 2008 – 18th Place
EAGLE Wings Award for Creativity EAGLE Wings Award for Citizenship Midwest Academic Talent Search Recognition Award National Knowledge Master Open – Fourth Place Team (2007) State Science Olympiad - 3rd Place Category Winner Madison West High Honor Roll (2007- Present)
Wisconsin National History Day State Champion – Documentary (2008) National History Day National Finalist – Documentary (2008) Honors Classes: English 10 Honors Shakespeare Honors
Western Civilization Honors Algebra 2 Trigonometry Honors Pre-Calculus Honors Biology Accelerated AP Computer Science AB
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Appendix B: Resume for Jacob Jacob 454 Toepfer Ave. Madison, WI 53711 [email protected] Education:
Home schooled for elementary and middle school West High School – currently sophomore year
Academic Interests:
Madison West Rocket Club - 2007 TARC 19th Place Madison West Cross County Team Trees for Tomorrow Geography Club Diversity Alliance Club Experience with AutoCAD, Inventor, and Solidworks software programs
Other Interests:
Youth in Government, including Conference on National Affairs in North Carolina Suzuki violin for 6 years Guitar for 2 years Young Shakespeare Players – 20+ productions of Shakespeare and Shaw
Voluntary and Work Experience:
Brat Fest Friends of Troy Gardens – Farm and Field Program Continuing volunteer work with Baha’i Community
Languages: English, Intermediate Spanish
Honor Classes: Biology Geometry History Chemistry
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Appendix C: Resume for Larissa Larissa Age 16 Education:
Shorewood Elementary School, (Grades K - 5) EAGLE School of Madison (Grades 6 - 8) West High School, currently enrolled in 11th grade
Languages:
11 Years of French 4 Years of Japanese 1 Year of Latin
Academic Experience Outside of School:
2-Week Drama Course through Wisconsin Center for Academically Talented Youth (WCATY) 3-Week Intensive Writing through WCATY 3-Week Intensive Japanese Language and Culture Course through WCATY Mentorship under UW-Madison’s Physics Department Chair, Dr. Seth Pollack 2-Day Biology Research Expedition at Trees for Tomorrow in Northern Wisconsin 2-Week Biology Research Trip to Brazil 6-Week Exchange Student Trip to Japan (included attending school)
Volunteer Experience:
3 Consecutive Years Participating in National Youth Service Day 2 Years as a leader organizing our school’s food drive Collecting neighborhood food donations Cataloguing items at my school’s library Biology research in Brazil’s wetland, the Pantanal Raising money for local organizations and clubs by working at Madison’s Brat Fest Helping with Middleton Outreach Ministry’s School Supply Drive Student Government at School Bell-ringing for the Salvation Army
Achievements:
Superior solo ratings in Federation Piano Competition for 6 consecutive years Superior duet ratings in Federation Piano Competition for 3 consecutive years
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State Finalist for Forensics (Public Speaking and Presentation) My poem selected to be read at Madison’s Cultural Awareness Event Honor Roll every semester at West High Recipient of Sony Scholarship for a 6-week exchange trip to Japan
Extra Curricular Activities:
Piano Forensics (Public Speaking and Presentation) Peer Partners (involving students with disabilities in our school) Student Government (served as Freshman Representative and Chair) Rocket Club Japanese Club Latin Club
Rocket Experience:
1 year at Team America Rocketry Challenge
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Appendix D: Resume for Marina Marina 1709 Capital Avenue Madison, WI 53705 [email protected] Academic Experience:
Henry David Thoreau elementary school Cherokee Heights Middle School West High School, current Senior Engineering Summer Program, summer of 2007
Languages:
English, intermediate Spanish Volunteer Service:
Volunteer for Habitat for Humanity – 2006-2007 Volunteer at Second Harvest Food Bank – 2007-2008
Music:
Flute: Played in school band – 2002-2008 West High Pep Band – 2007-2008 Bass Clarinet: Taken Private lessons – 2008 to present West High Honor Band – 2008 to present West High Pep Band – 2008 to present
Activities and Interests:
11th place in TARC 2008 Fiction writing Chemistry and Engineering Reading “Where’s the Crowd” award at WPAG girandola contest 2008
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Appendix E: Resume for Max Max 313 Glenway Street Madison, WI 53705 [email protected] Academic Experience:
Far Horizons Montessori School (age 3-6) Fox Hollow French Immersion School (grades K-5) Roosevelt Middle School (grades 6-7) EAGLE School (grade 8) Madison West High School (grades 9-10)
Current sophomore: cumulative GPA 4.0 Languages:
Fluent in English and French, beginner in Latin Honors Classes:
Biology Accelerated Algebra II & Trigonometry Honors English 10 Honors American Literature Honors Precalculus Honors Western Civilizations Honors
Academic Interests:
Life and Physical Sciences Mathematics History
Achievements:
3rd place in Oregon division of National Geography Bee (2004) 2nd place in Oregon Spelling Contest (2004) Medalist in Grand Concours National French Test (2000-2006) Madison West High Honor Roll (2007- ) AP French Exam (score: 5) TARC 2008 finalist
Musical Experience:
Violin (1997-2006) Piano (2006-2007) Voice (2007- )
Volunteer Work:
Brat Fest Volunteer (2007, 2008)
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Taste of Madison Volunteer (2007, 2008) Over 200 hours at local Obama for America office (2008)
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Appendix F: Resume for Suhas Suhas 5015 Sheboygan Ave, Apt# 207 Madison WI, 53705 [email protected] Academic Experiences: St. Francis School (Khammam, India) 1996-1999 Kennedy High School (Vijayawada, India) 1999-2001 Blue Ash Elementary School (Cincinnati, OH) 2001-2003 Lemon Road Elementary School (McLean, VA) 2003-2004 Hamilton Middle School (Madison, WI) 2004-2007 Madison West High School (Madison, WI) 2007-Present Current Sophomore, Cumulative GPA: 4.0 Languages: Fluent in English and Telugu, Studied French for three years. Activities and Interests: Rocketry: Placed 19th in 2008 TARC National Finals Math Placed 9th Individually and 2nd Team in State MathCounts 2007 State 1st with Perfect Score on (AMC)American Math Competition
8-2006 5th MATC Middle School Math Competition- 1st Team 2007 North South Foundation– Math Bee National Finals 2nd for 7th
Grade 2006 Purple Comet Online Meet-Middle School-Honoree 2007 Wisconsin Talent Search Honoree for 2007 and 2008 United States of America Math Talent Search Honoree for 2008 LaFollette Math Meet, Junior Varsity, 1st Place Individual 2007
Varsity Participant in Memorial, West and East Math Meet 2007- 2008
National Mandelbrot Competition-Third Tier Standings 2007-2008 Mathematical Association of America WI, School-9th Place 2008 AMC-10 Participant 2008 Wisconsin Math League – School First, 7th in State 2007-2008 Purple Comet Online Meet-High School-Honoree 2008
Sports Black Belt in Karate 2005-Present Greater Madison Tennis Association- Winter 2007 1st Place- Junior Greater Madison Tennis Association- Summer 2008 3 Singles-1st
Place
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Madison West High School-Tennis Junior Varsity 4 Singles-3rd Place
Wisconsin State Varsity Chess-1st Place Team Others Battle of the Books 2006-2nd Place in School Kiwanis Club of Madison West 2007 American Legion Award 2007 Grade Point Average 4.0 2005-Present Music: Private Lessons for the Piano from 2006-Present Volunteer Experiences: St. Mary’s Hospital Volunteer- 2008 Volunteer at Red Cross- 2008 Volunteer for Girl Scouts Rocketry Launch- Fall 2008 Volunteer at Senior Citizen Center- 2008
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Appendix G: Resume for Tulika Tulika 1249 Dayflower Drive Madison, WI 53719 [email protected] Academic Experience: Elementary School PS183 RL Stevenson School, New York City, USA (1996-1998) Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavan, Pune, India (1998-2000) Dalton School, Utrecht, Netherlands (2000-2001) Violen International School, Hilversum, Netherlands (2001-2003) Velma Hamilton Middle School, Madison, USA (2003-2006) Madison West High School, Madison, USA (2006-present, 11th grade) Languages: English, Hindi, Dutch, and French Interests: Sailing, Windsurfing, Canoeing, Kayaking, Hiking, Camping, Beach Volleyball, Sledding, Snowball fights, Visiting the country side, Organizing events, Rocketry, Traveling, and Daily Life Achievements, Honors, and Awards: Velma Hamilton Middle School Honor Roll (2003-2006) Hamilton Pride Award (2003-2006) Solo Ensemble Festival, District Level (2005) Distinguished Service Award by Kiwanis Club (2005) Earth Science Student-of-the-year award (2008) Madison West High School Honor Roll (2006-) Extra Curricular Activities: Chorus at Violen Int. (2001-2003) Judo in Hilversum (2002-2003) Swimming in Hilversum (2002-2003) Avondvierdaagse in Hilversum(2001-2002) Hamilton Yearbook Club (2003-2006) Science Saturdays and Biology for Kids at UW Madison (Summer of 2004) Community Karate (Winter of 2004) Hamilton Battle of the Books (2005) Hamilton Art club (2004-2006) Hamilton Pottery club (2004-2006) Hamilton Badminton club (2004-2006) Hamilton Student Council (2005-2006) Hamilton Volleyball Club (2005-2006) Hamilton 8th Grade Video Graduation Team (2006) Medicinal Workshop at UW Health Sciences (2006)
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West Freshman Girls Volleyball Team (2006) West Biology Honors Club (2006-2007)
Latin Dance Club (2006-2007) Trees for Tomorrow (2006-2007) West Student Council (2006-2008) SLC Commissions (2007-2008) Student Support Foundation (2007-2008) Department of Natural Resources Workshop at Kemp (Summer of 2008) Hoofer Sailng Youth Instructor (Summer of 2008) West Forensics (2007-) Natural Supports, Peer Partners (2007-) West Rocket Club, TARC (2008) Volunteer Experience: Help-Your-Teacher Project (2005) Waisman Center Babysitting (2007) Brat Fest with West Forensics (2007) Wisconsin Public Television Phone Bank (2007-2008) Hoofer’s Sailing Instruction (Summer of 2008)
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Appendix H: Resume for Zander Zander 3634 Spring Trl. Madison, WI 53711 [email protected] Education: EAGLE School of Madison (1997-2006) Madison West High School, currently in eleventh grade 2008 Classes: Middle East Studies Spanish III Accelerated Math Physics Integrated Core III Honors Math American Experience/Recent US History French IV Languages: Fluent in English, studied French for 12 years, near fluent, Spanish for 2 years Interests and Activities: Biking: Road and Mountain (Racing) Kayaking Sailboat Racing Skiing (Downhill & Cross country) Shorewood Squids Soccer Team 2000-2004 Tennis
Camping Horseback Riding Interlaken JCC Summer Camp 2005-Present Madison West High School Auditorium Lighting Crew Head Math Olympiad 2005, 2006 Travel Experience: 31 US States Panama Brazil Mexico Canada Czech Republic Germany Austria Brazil Biology Research Trip 2007 Rocketry Experience: TARC Finals 2008 11th Place Small scale personal fleet (A-D motors)
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Instruments played: Piano 1998-2006 Bass Clarinet 2002-2006 Volunteer Experience: Madison West Regent Drama Club 2006-Present Brat Fest 2007 Locks Of Love ACT6 AIDS Support Salvation Army 2nd Harvest Food Bank Public Park Cleanup Work Experience: Hohlstein Construction Company- Part Time Assistant Contractor 2007-Present
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Appendix I: Model Rocket Safety Code
1. Materials. I will use only lightweight, non-metal parts for the nose, body, and fins of my rocket.
2. Motors. I will use only certified, commercially-made model rocket motors, and will not tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes except those recommended by the manufacturer.
3. Ignition System. I will launch my rockets with an electrical launch system and electrical motor igniters. My launch system will have a safety interlock in series with the launch switch, and will use a launch switch that returns to the "off" position when released.
4. Misfires. If my rocket does not launch when I press the button of my electrical launch system, I will remove the launcher's safety interlock or disconnect its battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the last launch attempt before allowing anyone to approach the rocket.
5. Launch Safety. I will use a countdown before launch, and will ensure that everyone is paying attention and is a safe distance of at least 15 feet away when I launch rockets with D motors or smaller, and 30 feet when I launch larger rockets. If I am uncertain about the safety or stability of an untested rocket, I will check the stability before flight and will fly it only after warning spectators and clearing them away to a safe distance.
6. Launcher. I will launch my rocket from a launch rod, tower, or rail that is pointed to within 30 degrees of the vertical to ensure that the rocket flies nearly straight up, and I will use a blast deflector to prevent the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. To prevent accidental eye injury, I will place launchers so that the end of the launch rod is above eye level or will cap the end of the rod when it is not in use.
7. Size. My model rocket will not weigh more than 1,500 grams (53 ounces) at liftoff and will not contain more than 125 grams (4.4 ounces) of propellant or 320 N-sec (71.9 pound-seconds) of total impulse. If my model rocket weighs more than one pound (453 grams) at liftoff or has more than four ounces (113 grams) of propellant, I will check and comply with Federal Aviation Administration regulations before flying.
8. Flight Safety. I will not launch my rocket at targets, into clouds, or near airplanes, and will not put any flammable or explosive payload in my rocket.
9. Launch Site. I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area at least as large as shown in the accompanying table, and in safe weather conditions with wind speeds no greater than 20 miles per hour. I will ensure that there is no dry grass close to the launch pad, and that the launch site does not present risk of grass fires.
10. Recovery System. I will use a recovery system such as a streamer or parachute in my rocket so that it returns safely and undamaged and can be flown again, and I will use only flame-resistant or fireproof recovery system wadding in my rocket.
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11. Recovery Safety. I will not attempt to recover my rocket from power lines, tall trees, or other dangerous places.
LAUNCH SITE DIMENSIONS
Installed Total Impulse (N-sec)
Equivalent Motor Type
Minimum Site Dimensions (ft.)
0.00--1.25 1/4A, 1/2A 50
1.26--2.50 A 100
2.51--5.00 B 200
5.01--10.00 C 400
10.01--20.00 D 500
20.01--40.00 E 1,000
40.01--80.00 F 1,000
80.01--160.00 G 1,000
160.01--320.00 Two Gs 1,500
Revision of February, 2001
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Appendix J: High Power Rocket Safety Code
1. Certification. I will only fly high power rockets or possess high power rocket motors that are within the scope of my user certification and required licensing.
2. Materials. I will use only lightweight materials such as paper, wood, rubber, plastic, fiberglass, or when necessary ductile metal, for the construction of my rocket.
3. Motors. I will use only certified, commercially made rocket motors, and will not tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes except those recommended by the manufacturer. I will not allow smoking, open flames, nor heat sources within 25 feet of these motors.
4. Ignition System. I will launch my rockets with an electrical launch system, and with electrical motor igniters that are installed in the motor only after my rocket is at the launch pad or in a designated prepping area. My launch system will have a safety interlock that is in series with the launch switch that is not installed until my rocket is ready for launch, and will use a launch switch that returns to the "off" position when released. If my rocket has onboard ignition systems for motors or recovery devices, these will have safety interlocks that interrupt the current path until the rocket is at the launch pad.
5. Misfires. If my rocket does not launch when I press the button of my electrical launch system, I will remove the launcher's safety interlock or disconnect its battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the last launch attempt before allowing anyone to approach the rocket.
6. Launch Safety. I will use a 5-second countdown before launch. I will ensure that no person is closer to the launch pad than allowed by the accompanying Minimum Distance Table, and that a means is available to warn participants and spectators in the event of a problem. I will check the stability of my rocket before flight and will not fly it if it cannot be determined to be stable.
7. Launcher. I will launch my rocket from a stable device that provides rigid guidance until the rocket has attained a speed that ensures a stable flight, and that is pointed to within 20 degrees of vertical. If the wind speed exceeds 5 miles per hour I will use a launcher length that permits the rocket to attain a safe velocity before separation from the launcher. I will use a blast deflector to prevent the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. I will ensure that dry grass is cleared around each launch pad in accordance with the accompanying Minimum Distance table, and will increase this distance by a factor of 1.5 if the rocket motor being launched uses titanium sponge in the propellant.
8. Size. My rocket will not contain any combination of motors that total more than 40,960 N-sec (9208 pound-seconds) of total impulse. My rocket will not weigh more at liftoff than one-third of the certified average thrust of the high power rocket motor(s) intended to be ignited at launch.
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9. Flight Safety. I will not launch my rocket at targets, into clouds, near airplanes, nor on trajectories that take it directly over the heads of spectators or beyond the boundaries of the launch site, and will not put any flammable or explosive payload in my rocket. I will not launch my rockets if wind speeds exceed 20 miles per hour. I will comply with Federal Aviation Administration airspace regulations when flying, and will ensure that my rocket will not exceed any applicable altitude limit in effect at that launch site.
10. Launch Site. I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area where trees, power lines, buildings, and persons not involved in the launch do not present a hazard, and that is at least as large on its smallest dimension as one-half of the maximum altitude to which rockets are allowed to be flown at that site or 1500 feet, whichever is greater.
11. Launcher Location. My launcher will be 1500 feet from any inhabited building or from any public highway on which traffic flow exceeds 10 vehicles per hour, not including traffic flow related to the launch. It will also be no closer than the appropriate Minimum Personnel Distance from the accompanying table from any boundary of the launch site.
12. Recovery System. I will use a recovery system such as a parachute in my rocket so that all parts of my rocket return safely and undamaged and can be flown again, and I will use only flame-resistant or fireproof recovery system wadding in my rocket.
13. Recovery Safety. I will not attempt to recover my rocket from power lines, tall trees, or other dangerous places, fly it under conditions where it is likely to recover in spectator areas or outside the launch site, nor attempt to catch it as it approaches the ground.
MINIMUM DISTANCE TABLE
Installed Total Impulse (Newton-Seconds)
Equivalent High Power Motor Type
Minimum Diameter of
Cleared Area (ft.)
Minimum Personnel
Distance (ft.)
Minimum Personnel Distance (Complex
Rocket) (ft.)
0 -- 320.00 H or smaller 50 100 200
320.01 -- 640.00
I 50 100 200
640.01 -- 1,280.00
J 50 100 200
1,280.01 -- 2,560.00
K 75 200 300
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2,560.01 -- 5,120.00
L 100 300 500
5,120.01 -- 10,240.00
M 125 500 1000
10,240.01 -- 20,480.00
N 125 1000 1500
20,480.01 -- 40,960.00
O 125 1500 2000
Note: A complex rocket is one that is multi-staged or that is propelled by two or more rocket motors
Revision of July 2008
All of the Model Rocket and High Power Rocketry Safety Code is retrieved from National Association of Rocketry website.
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Appendix K: Section 508
§ 1194.21 Software applications and operating systems.
(a) When software is designed to run on a system that has a keyboard, product functions shall be executable from a keyboard where the function itself or the result of performing a function can be discerned textually.
(b) Applications shall not disrupt or disable activated features of other products that are identified as accessibility features, where those features are developed and documented according to industry standards. Applications also shall not disrupt or disable activated features of any operating system that are identified as accessibility features where the application programming interface for those accessibility features has been documented by the manufacturer of the operating system and is available to the product developer.
(c) A well-defined on-screen indication of the current focus shall be provided that moves among interactive interface elements as the input focus changes. The focus shall be programmatically exposed so that assistive technology can track focus and focus changes.
(d) Sufficient information about a user interface element including the identity, operation and state of the element shall be available to assistive technology. When an image represents a program element, the information conveyed by the image must also be available in text.
(e) When bitmap images are used to identify controls, status indicators, or other programmatic elements, the meaning assigned to those images shall be consistent throughout an application's performance.
(f) Textual information shall be provided through operating system functions for displaying text. The minimum information that shall be made available is text content, text input caret location, and text attributes.
(g) Applications shall not override user selected contrast and color selections and other individual display attributes.
(h) When animation is displayed, the information shall be displayable in at least one non-animated presentation mode at the option of the user.
(i) Color coding shall not be used as the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.
(j) When a product permits a user to adjust color and contrast settings, a variety of color selections capable of producing a range of contrast levels shall be provided.
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(k) Software shall not use flashing or blinking text, objects, or other elements having a flash or blink frequency greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.
(l) When electronic forms are used, the form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues.
§ 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and applications.
(a) A text equivalent for every non-text element shall be provided (e.g., via "alt", "longdesc", or in element content).
(b) Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be synchronized with the presentation.
(c) Web pages shall be designed so that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, for example from context or markup.
(d) Documents shall be organized so they are readable without requiring an associated style sheet.
(e) Redundant text links shall be provided for each active region of a server-side image map.
(f) Client-side image maps shall be provided instead of server-side image maps except where the regions cannot be defined with an available geometric shape.
(g) Row and column headers shall be identified for data tables.
(h) Markup shall be used to associate data cells and header cells for data tables that have two or more logical levels of row or column headers.
(i) Frames shall be titled with text that facilitates frame identification and navigation.
(j) Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker with a frequency greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz.
(k) A text-only page, with equivalent information or functionality, shall be provided to make a web site comply with the provisions of this part, when compliance cannot be accomplished in any other way. The content of the text-only page shall be updated whenever the primary page changes.
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(l) When pages utilize scripting languages to display content, or to create interface elements, the information provided by the script shall be identified with functional text that can be read by assistive technology.
(m) When a web page requires that an applet, plug-in or other application be present on the client system to interpret page content, the page must provide a link to a plug-in or applet that complies with §1194.21(a) through (l).
(n) When electronic forms are designed to be completed on-line, the form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues.
(o) A method shall be provided that permits users to skip repetitive navigation links.
(p) When a timed response is required, the user shall be alerted and given sufficient time to indicate more time is required.
Note to §1194.22:
1. The Board interprets paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section as consistent with the following priority 1 Checkpoints of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (WCAG 1.0) (May 5, 1999) published by the Web Accessibility Initiative of the World Wide Web Consortium:
Section 1194.22 Paragraph WCAG 1.0 Checkpoint
(a) 1.1
(b) 1.4
(c) 2.1
(d) 6.1
(e) 1.2
(f) 9.1
(g) 5.1
(h) 5.2
(i) 12.1
(j) 7.1
(k) 11.4
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2. Paragraphs (l), (m), (n), (o), and (p) of this section are different from WCAG 1.0. Web pages that conform to WCAG 1.0, level A (i.e., all priority 1 checkpoints) must also meet paragraphs (l), (m), (n), (o), and (p) of this section to comply with this section. WCAG 1.0 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-19990505.
§ 1194.23 Telecommunications products.
(a) Telecommunications products or systems which provide a function allowing voice communication and which do not themselves provide a TTY functionality shall provide a standard non-acoustic connection point for TTYs. Microphones shall be capable of being turned on and off to allow the user to intermix speech with TTY use.
(b) Telecommunications products which include voice communication functionality shall support all commonly used cross-manufacturer non-proprietary standard TTY signal protocols.
(c) Voice mail, auto-attendant, and interactive voice response telecommunications systems shall be usable by TTY users with their TTYs.
(d) Voice mail, messaging, auto-attendant, and interactive voice response telecommunications systems that require a response from a user within a time interval, shall give an alert when the time interval is about to run out, and shall provide sufficient time for the user to indicate more time is required.
(e) Where provided, caller identification and similar telecommunications functions shall also be available for users of TTYs, and for users who cannot see displays.
(f) For transmitted voice signals, telecommunications products shall provide a gain adjustable up to a minimum of 20 dB. For incremental volume control, at least one intermediate step of 12 dB of gain shall be provided.
(g) If the telecommunications product allows a user to adjust the receive volume, a function shall be provided to automatically reset the volume to the default level after every use.
(h) Where a telecommunications product delivers output by an audio transducer which is normally held up to the ear, a means for effective magnetic wireless coupling to hearing technologies shall be provided.
(i) Interference to hearing technologies (including hearing aids, cochlear implants, and assistive listening devices) shall be reduced to the lowest possible level that allows a user of hearing technologies to utilize the telecommunications product.
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(j) Products that transmit or conduct information or communication, shall pass through cross-manufacturer, non-proprietary, industry-standard codes, translation protocols, formats or other information necessary to provide the information or communication in a usable format. Technologies which use encoding, signal compression, format transformation, or similar techniques shall not remove information needed for access or shall restore it upon delivery.
(k) Products which have mechanically operated controls or keys, shall comply with the following:
(1) Controls and keys shall be tactilely discernible without activating the controls or keys.
(2) Controls and keys shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls and keys shall be 5 lbs. (22.2 N) maximum.
(3) If key repeat is supported, the delay before repeat shall be adjustable to at least 2 seconds. Key repeat rate shall be adjustable to 2 seconds per character.
(4) The status of all locking or toggle controls or keys shall be visually discernible, and discernible either through touch or sound.
§ 1194.26 Desktop and portable computers.
(a) All mechanically operated controls and keys shall comply with §1194.23 (k) (1) through (4).
(b) If a product utilizes touchscreens or touch-operated controls, an input method shall be provided that complies with §1194.23 (k) (1) through (4).
(c) When biometric forms of user identification or control are used, an alternative form of identification or activation, which does not require the user to possess particular biological characteristics, shall also be provided.
(d) Where provided, at least one of each type of expansion slots, ports and connectors shall comply with publicly available industry standards.
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Appendix L: Material Safety Data Sheets
Propulsion and Deployment
Ammonium Perchlorate
Aerotech Reloadable Motors
Aerotech Igniters
M-Tek E-matches
Pyrodex Pellets Black Powder
Nomex (thermal protector)
Glues
Elmers White Glue
Elmers Carpenters Wood Glue
Two Ton Epoxy Resin
Two Ton Epoxy Hardener
Bob Smith Cyanoacrylate Glue
(superglue)
Superglue Accelerator (kicker)
Superglue Debonder
Soldering
Flux
Solder
Construction Supplies
Carbon Fiber
Kevlar
Fiberglass Cloth
Fiberglass Resin
Fiberglass Textiles Fiberglass Hardener
Self-expanding Foam
Painting and Finishing
Automotive Primer
Automotive Spray Paint
Other colors of spray paint
Clear Coat
Solvents
Ethyl Alcohol 70%
Lab
Crystal Violet
Safranin or Basic Fuchsin
Acetone
Distilled water
